commit 6a985c61
([S390] s390: use change recording override for kernel mapping)
deactivated the change bit recording for the kernel mapping to
improve the performance. This works most of the time, but there
are cases (e.g. kernel runs in home space, futex atomic compare xcmg)
where we modify user memory with the kernel mapping instead of the
user mapping.
Instead of fixing these cases, this patch just deactivates change bit
override to avoid future problems with other kernel code that might
use the kernel mapping for user memory.

CC: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

If a machine check interrupts the io interrupt handler on one of the
instructions between io_return and io_leave the critical section
cleanup code will move the return psw to io_work_loop. By doing that
the switch from the asynchronous interrupt stack to the process stack
is skipped. If e.g. TIF_NEED_RESCHED is set things break because
the scheduler is called with the asynchronous interrupts stack.
Moving the psw back to io_return instead fixes the problem.
Signed-off-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

"len" hasn't been properly range checked so we shouldn't use it as an
array offset.  This can only be written to by root but it would still be
annoying to accidentally write more than 3 characters and corrupt your
memory.
Signed-off-by: NDan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

In the default case the lock is not unlocked.  The return is
converted to a goto, to share the unlock at the end of the function.

A simplified version of the semantic patch that finds this problem is as
follows: (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/)

// <smpl>
@r exists@
expression E1;
identifier f;
@@

f (...) { <+...
* spin_lock_irq (E1,...);
... when != E1
* return ...;
...+> }
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: NJulia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

* 'upstream-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jgarzik/libata-dev:
  libata: Fix accesses at LBA28 boundary (old bug, but nasty) (v2)

Most drives from Seagate, Hitachi, and possibly other brands,
do not allow LBA28 access to sector number 0x0fffffff (2^28 - 1).
So instead use LBA48 for such accesses.

This bug could bite a lot of systems, especially when the user has
taken care to align partitions to 4KB boundaries. On misaligned systems,
it is less likely to be encountered, since a 4KB read would end at
0x10000000 rather than at 0x0fffffff.
Signed-off-by: NMark Lord <mlord@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: NJeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>

Merge branch 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  sched: Fix sched_getaffinity()

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/ide-2.6:
  ide: Fix IDE taskfile with cfq scheduler
  ide: Must hold queue lock when requeueing
  ide: Requeue request after DMA timeout

* 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-acpi-2.6:
  ACPI / PM: Move ACPI video resume to a PM notifier
  ACPI: Reduce ACPI resource conflict message to KERN_WARNING, printk cleanup
  ACPI: battery drivers should call power_supply_changed()
  ACPI: battery: Fix CONFIG_ACPI_SYSFS_POWER=n
  PNPACPI: truncate _CRS windows with _LEN > _MAX - _MIN + 1
  ACPI: Don't send KEY_UNKNOWN for random video notifications
  ACPI: NUMA: map pxms to low node ids
  ACPI: use _HID when supplied by root-level devices
  ACPI / ACPICA: Do not check reference counters in acpi_ev_enable_gpe()
  ACPI: fixes a false alarm from lockdep
  ACPI dock: support multiple ACPI dock devices
  ACPI: EC: Allow multibyte access to EC

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus:
  hvc_console: Fix race between hvc_close and hvc_remove
  virtio: disable multiport console support.
  virtio: console makes incorrect assumption about virtio API
  virtio: console: Fix early_put_chars usage
  MAINTAINERS: Put the virtio-console entry in correct alphabetical order

I don't claim to understand the tty layer, but it seems like hvc_open and
hvc_close should be balanced in their kref reference counting.

Right now we get a kref every call to hvc_open:

        if (hp->count++ > 0) {
                tty_kref_get(tty); <----- here
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&hp->lock, flags);
                hvc_kick();
                return 0;
        } /* else count == 0 */

        tty->driver_data = hp;

        hp->tty = tty_kref_get(tty); <------ or here if hp->count was 0

But hvc_close has:

        tty_kref_get(tty);

        if (--hp->count == 0) {
...
                /* Put the ref obtained in hvc_open() */
                tty_kref_put(tty);
...
        }

        tty_kref_put(tty);

Since the outside kref get/put balance we only do a single kref_put when
count reaches 0.

The patch below changes things to call tty_kref_put once for every
hvc_close call, and with that my machine boots fine.
Signed-off-by: NAnton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Acked-by: NAmit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Move MULTIPORT feature and related config changes
out of exported headers, and disable the feature
at runtime.

At this point, it seems less risky to keep code around
until we can enable it than rip it out completely.
Signed-off-by: NMichael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

The get_buf() API sets the second arg to the number of bytes *written*
by the other side; in this case it should be zero as these are output buffers.

lguest gets this right (obviously kvm's console doesn't), resulting in
continual buildup of console writes.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: NAmit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>

Currently early_put_chars is not used by virtio_console because it can
only be used once a port has been found, at which point it's too late
because it is no longer needed. This patch should fix it.
Acked-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAmit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Move around the entry for virtio-console to keep the file sorted.
Signed-off-by: NAmit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

rwsems can be used with IRQs disabled, particularily in early boot
before IRQs are enabled.  Currently the spin_unlock_irq() usage in the
slow-patch will unconditionally enable interrupts and cause problems
since interrupts are not yet initialized or enabled.

This patch uses save/restore versions of IRQ spinlocks in the slowpath
to ensure interrupts are not unintentionally disabled.
Signed-off-by: NKevin Hilman <khilman@deeprootsystems.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

	If nfs atomic open implementation ends up doing open request from
->d_revalidate() codepath and gets an error from server, return that error
to caller explicitly and don't bother with lookup_instantiate_filp() at all.
->d_revalidate() can return an error itself just fine...

See
	http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15674
	http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=126988782722711&w=2

for original report.
Reported-by: NDaniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Merge branch 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  perf, x86: Enable Nehalem-EX support
  perf kmem: Fix breakage introduced by 5a0e3ad6 slab.h script

Merge branch 'davinci-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/khilman/linux-davinci

* 'davinci-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/khilman/linux-davinci:
  davinci: fix compile warning: <mach/da8xx.h>: #include <linux/platform_device.h>
  davinci: DM365: fix duplicate default IRQ priorities
  davinci: edma: clear events in edma_start()
  davinci: da8xx/omap-l1: fix build error when CONFIG_DAVINCI_MUX is undefined
  davinci: timers: don't enable timer until clocksource is initialized

Merge branch 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/x86/linux-2.6-tip

* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/x86/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86: Fix double enable_IR_x2apic() call on SMP kernel on !SMP boards
  x86: Increase CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT max to 10
  ibft, x86: Change reserve_ibft_region() to find_ibft_region()
  x86, hpet: Fix bug in RTC emulation
  x86, hpet: Erratum workaround for read after write of HPET comparator
  bootmem, x86: Fix 32bit numa system without RAM on node 0
  nobootmem, x86: Fix 32bit numa system without RAM on node 0
  x86: Handle overlapping mptables
  x86: Make e820_remove_range to handle all covered case
  x86-32, resume: do a global tlb flush in S4 resume

This hushes the following warning:

arch/arm/mach-davinci/include/mach/da8xx.h:104: warning: ‘struct platform_device’
declared inside parameter list
arch/arm/mach-davinci/include/mach/da8xx.h:104: warning: its scope is only this
definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
Signed-off-by: NSergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: NKevin Hilman <khilman@deeprootsystems.com>

* 'for-linus' of git://git.monstr.eu/linux-2.6-microblaze:
  microblaze: Remove unused variable from ptrace
  microblaze: io.h: Add io big-endian function
  microblaze: Enable memory leak detector
  microblaze: Fix futex code
  microblaze: Fix ftrace_update_ftrace_func panic

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6:
  ALSA: mixart: range checking proc file
  ALSA: hda - Fix a wrong array range check in patch_realtek.c
  ALSA: ASoC: move dma_data from snd_soc_dai to snd_soc_pcm_stream
  ALSA: hda - Enable amplifiers on Acer Inspire 6530G
  ASoC: Only do WM8994 bias off transition from standby
  ASoC: Don't use DCS_DATAPATH_BUSY for WM hubs devices
  ASoC: Don't do runtime wm_hubs DC servo updates if using offset correction
  ASoC: Support second DC servo readback method for wm_hubs
  ASoC: Avoid wraparound in wm_hubs DC servo correction
  ALSA: echoaudio - Eliminate use after free
  ALSA: i2c: cleanup: change parameter to pointer
  ALSA: hda - Add MSI blacklist for Aopen MZ915-M
  ASoC: OMAP: Fix capture pointer handling for OMAP1510 to work correctly with recent ALSA PCM code
  ALSA: hda - Update document about MSI and interrupts
  ALSA: hda: Fix 0 dB offset for Lenovo Thinkpad models using AD1981
  ALSA: hda - Add missing printk argument in previous patch
  ASoC: Fix passing platform_data to ac97 bus users and fix a leak
  ALSA: hda - Fix ADC/MUX assignment of ALC269 codec
  ALSA: hda - Fix invalid bit values passed to snd_hda_codec_amp_stereo()
  ASoC: wm8994: playback => capture

* 'slabh' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/misc:
  nodemask: include slab.h from drivers/base/node.c

Order the debugfs statistics correctly.  The values displayed through a
seq_printf() statement should be in the same order as the names in the
format string.

In the 'Lookups' line, objects created ('crt=') and lookups timed out
('tmo=') have their values transposed.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In NOMMU mode, the FRV segment handling is broken because KERNEL_DS ==
USER_DS.  This causes tests of the following sort:

	/* don't pin down non-user-based iovecs */
	if (segment_eq(get_fs(), KERNEL_DS))
		return NULL;

to malfunction.

To fix this, make USER_DS the top of RAM instead of the top of the non-IO
address space, and make KERNEL_DS one more than the top of the non-IO
address space.

Also get rid of FRV's __addr_ok() as nothing uses it.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Hide uncached_access() when pgprot_noncached is not #defined.  This prevents
the following warning:

	  CC      drivers/char/mem.o
	drivers/char/mem.c:229: warning: 'uncached_access' defined but not used

Repairs d7d4d849 ("drivers/char/mem.c:
cleanups").
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

On exit paths in mxc_rtc_probe() method some resources are not freed
correctly.

This patch fixes:
* unrequested memory region containing imx RTC registers
* iounmap() isn't called on exit_free_pdata branch
* clock get rate is called for freed clock source
* clock isn't disabled on exit_put_clk branch

To simplify the fix managed device resources are used.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NVladimir Zapolskiy <vzapolskiy@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Cc: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Presently, memcg's FILE_MAPPED accounting has following race with
move_account (happens at rmdir()).

    increment page->mapcount (rmap.c)
    mem_cgroup_update_file_mapped()           move_account()
					      lock_page_cgroup()
					      check page_mapped() if
					      page_mapped(page)>1 {
						FILE_MAPPED -1 from old memcg
						FILE_MAPPED +1 to old memcg
					      }
					      .....
					      overwrite pc->mem_cgroup
					      unlock_page_cgroup()
    lock_page_cgroup()
    FILE_MAPPED + 1 to pc->mem_cgroup
    unlock_page_cgroup()

Then,
	old memcg (-1 file mapped)
	new memcg (+2 file mapped)

This happens because move_account see page_mapped() which is not guarded
by lock_page_cgroup().  This patch adds FILE_MAPPED flag to page_cgroup
and move account information based on it.  Now, all checks are synchronous
with lock_page_cgroup().
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Andrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When we look into pagemap using page-types with option -p, the value of
pfn for hugepages looks wrong (see below.) This is because pte was
evaluated only once for one vma although it should be updated for each
hugepage.  This patch fixes it.

  $ page-types -p 3277 -Nl -b huge
  voffset   offset  len     flags
  7f21e8a00 11e400  1       ___U___________H_G________________
  7f21e8a01 11e401  1ff     ________________TG________________
               ^^^
  7f21e8c00 11e400  1       ___U___________H_G________________
  7f21e8c01 11e401  1ff     ________________TG________________
               ^^^

One hugepage contains 1 head page and 511 tail pages in x86_64 and each
two lines represent each hugepage.  Voffset and offset mean virtual
address and physical address in the page unit, respectively.  The
different hugepages should not have the same offset value.

With this patch applied:

  $ page-types -p 3386 -Nl -b huge
  voffset   offset   len    flags
  7fec7a600 112c00   1      ___UD__________H_G________________
  7fec7a601 112c01   1ff    ________________TG________________
               ^^^
  7fec7a800 113200   1      ___UD__________H_G________________
  7fec7a801 113201   1ff    ________________TG________________
               ^^^
               OK

More info:

- This patch modifies walk_page_range()'s hugepage walker.  But the
  change only affects pagemap_read(), which is the only caller of hugepage
  callback.

- Without this patch, hugetlb_entry() callback is called per vma, that
  doesn't match the natural expectation from its name.

- With this patch, hugetlb_entry() is called per hugepte entry and the
  callback can become much simpler.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NMatt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The log of commit edaac8e3 ("ratelimit:
Fix/allow use in atomic contexts"), indicates that we want to suppress the
callback when the trylock fails.
Signed-off-by: NYong Zhang <yong.zhang@windriver.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When __ratelimit() returns 1 this means that we can go ahead.
Signed-off-by: NYong Zhang <yong.zhang@windriver.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

To prevent from wrongly using the return value.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
Signed-off-by: NYong Zhang <yong.zhang@windriver.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

commit dcefafb6 ("/dev/mem: dont allow seek to last page") inadvertently
disabled rewinding on /dev/mem.

This broke x86info for example.
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Requested by hch, for consistency now it is exported.

Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 148f948b (vfs: Introduce new
helpers for syncing after writing to O_SYNC file or IS_SYNC inode) broke
the raw driver.

We now call through generic_file_aio_write -> generic_write_sync ->
vfs_fsync_range.  vfs_fsync_range has:

        if (!fop || !fop->fsync) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

But drivers/char/raw.c doesn't set an fsync method.

We have two options: fix it or remove the raw driver completely.  I'm
happy to do either, the fact this has been broken for so long suggests it
is rarely used.

The patch below adds an fsync method to the raw driver.  My knowledge of
the block layer is pretty sketchy so this could do with a once over.

If we instead decide to remove the raw driver, this patch might still be
useful as a backport to 2.6.33 and 2.6.32.
Signed-off-by: NAnton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: NJeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Tested-by: NJeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since Valentin's email address @siemens.com is no longer valid, it's time
to change it to the one that actually works so that I don't have to
manually forward patches against mb862xx to him every time.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <virtuoso@slind.org>
Acked-by: NValentin Sitdikov <v.sitdikov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mb862xxfb_accel built as a separate module, but it does not have a
MODULE_LICENSE, so it taints the kernel.  Add a MODULE_LICENSE to it (same
as mb862xxfb license).

mb862xxfb_accel: module license 'unspecified' taints kernel.

Or should mb862xxfb_accel be built into the mb862xxfb binary file instead?
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NAlexander Shishkin <virtuoso@slind.org>
Cc: Valentin Sitdikov <v.sitdikov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Shaohua Li reported his tmpfs streaming I/O test can lead to make oom.
The test uses a 6G tmpfs in a system with 3G memory.  In the tmpfs, there
are 6 copies of kernel source and the test does kbuild for each copy.  His
investigation shows the test has a lot of rotated anon pages and quite few
file pages, so get_scan_ratio calculates percent[0] (i.e.  scanning
percent for anon) to be zero.  Actually the percent[0] shoule be a big
value, but our calculation round it to zero.

Although before commit 84b18490 ("vmscan: get_scan_ratio() cleanup") , we
have the same problem too.  But the old logic can rescue percent[0]==0
case only when priority==0.  It had hided the real issue.  I didn't think
merely streaming io can makes percent[0]==0 && priority==0 situation.  but
I was wrong.

So, definitely we have to fix such tmpfs streaming io issue.  but anyway I
revert the regression commit at first.

This reverts commit 84b18490.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: NShaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

I hit this when we had a bug in IDR for a few days.  Basically sysfs would
fail to create new inodes since it uses an IDR and therefore class_create
would fail.

While we are unlikely to see this fail we may as well handle it instead of
oopsing.
Signed-off-by: NAnton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>