This commit introduces a new kind of back reference for btrfs metadata.
Once a filesystem has been mounted with this commit, IT WILL NO LONGER
BE MOUNTABLE BY OLDER KERNELS.

When a tree block in subvolume tree is cow'd, the reference counts of all
extents it points to are increased by one.  At transaction commit time,
the old root of the subvolume is recorded in a "dead root" data structure,
and the btree it points to is later walked, dropping reference counts
and freeing any blocks where the reference count goes to 0.

The increments done during cow and decrements done after commit cancel out,
and the walk is a very expensive way to go about freeing the blocks that
are no longer referenced by the new btree root.  This commit reduces the
transaction overhead by avoiding the need for dead root records.

When a non-shared tree block is cow'd, we free the old block at once, and the
new block inherits old block's references. When a tree block with reference
count > 1 is cow'd, we increase the reference counts of all extents
the new block points to by one, and decrease the old block's reference count by
one.

This dead tree avoidance code removes the need to modify the reference
counts of lower level extents when a non-shared tree block is cow'd.
But we still need to update back ref for all pointers in the block.
This is because the location of the block is recorded in the back ref
item.

We can solve this by introducing a new type of back ref. The new
back ref provides information about pointer's key, level and in which
tree the pointer lives. This information allow us to find the pointer
by searching the tree. The shortcoming of the new back ref is that it
only works for pointers in tree blocks referenced by their owner trees.

This is mostly a problem for snapshots, where resolving one of these
fuzzy back references would be O(number_of_snapshots) and quite slow.
The solution used here is to use the fuzzy back references in the common
case where a given tree block is only referenced by one root,
and use the full back references when multiple roots have a reference
on a given block.

This commit adds per subvolume red-black tree to keep trace of cached
inodes. The red-black tree helps the balancing code to find cached
inodes whose inode numbers within a given range.

This commit improves the balancing code by introducing several data
structures to keep the state of balancing. The most important one
is the back ref cache. It caches how the upper level tree blocks are
referenced. This greatly reduce the overhead of checking back ref.

The improved balancing code scales significantly better with a large
number of snapshots.

This is a very large commit and was written in a number of
pieces.  But, they depend heavily on the disk format change and were
squashed together to make sure git bisect didn't end up in a
bad state wrt space balancing or the format change.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

There are some 'start = state->end + 1;' like code in set_extent_bit
and clear_extent_bit. They overflow when end == (u64)-1.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

There's a bug in the mxser kernel module that still appears in the
2.6.29.4 kernel.

mxser_get_ISA_conf takes a ioaddress as its first argument, by passing the
not of the ioaddr, you're effectively passing 0 which means it won't be
able to talk to an ISA card.  I have tested this, and removing the !
fixes the problem.

Cc: "Peter Botha" <peterb@goldcircle.co.za>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NAlan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In commit code, we scan buffers attached to a transaction.  During this
scan, we sometimes have to drop j_list_lock and then we recheck whether
the journal buffer head didn't get freed by journal_try_to_free_buffers().
 But checking for buffer_jbd(bh) isn't enough because a new journal head
could get attached to our buffer head.  So add a check whether the journal
head remained the same and whether it's still at the same transaction and
list.

This is a nasty bug and can cause problems like memory corruption (use after
free) or trigger various assertions in JBD code (observed).
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The recent ->lookup() deadlock correction required the directory inode
mutex to be dropped while waiting for expire completion.  We were
concerned about side effects from this change and one has been identified.

I saw several error messages.

They cause autofs to become quite confused and don't really point to the
actual problem.

Things like:

handle_packet_missing_direct:1376: can't find map entry for (43,1827932)

which is usually totally fatal (although in this case it wouldn't be
except that I treat is as such because it normally is).

do_mount_direct: direct trigger not valid or already mounted
/test/nested/g3c/s1/ss1

which is recoverable, however if this problem is at play it can cause
autofs to become quite confused as to the dependencies in the mount tree
because mount triggers end up mounted multiple times.  It's hard to
accurately check for this over mounting case and automount shouldn't need
to if the kernel module is doing its job.

There was one other message, similar in consequence of this last one but I
can't locate a log example just now.

When checking if a mount has already completed prior to adding a new mount
request to the wait queue we check if the dentry is hashed and, if so, if
it is a mount point.  But, if a mount successfully completed while we
slept on the wait queue mutex the dentry must exist for the mount to have
completed so the test is not really needed.

Mounts can also be done on top of a global root dentry, so for the above
case, where a mount request completes and the wait queue entry has already
been removed, the hashed test returning false can cause an incorrect
callback to the daemon.  Also, d_mountpoint() is not sufficient to check
if a mount has completed for the multi-mount case when we don't have a
real mount at the base of the tree.
Signed-off-by: NIan Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The massive nommu update (8feae131) resulted in these warnings:
ipc/shm.c: In function `sys_shmdt':
ipc/shm.c:974: warning: unused variable `size'
ipc/shm.c:972: warning: unused variable `next'
Signed-off-by: NMike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus:
  kvm: fix kvm reboot crash when MAXSMP is used
  cpumask: alloc zeroed cpumask for static cpumask_var_ts
  cpumask: introduce zalloc_cpumask_var

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
  bsg: setting rq->bio to NULL

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6:
  cls_cgroup: Fix oops when user send improperly 'tc filter add' request
  r8169: fix crash when large packets are received

* 'for-linus' of git://neil.brown.name/md:
  md/raid5: fix bug in reshape code when chunk_size decreases.
  md/raid5 - avoid deadlocks in get_active_stripe during reshape
  md/raid5: use conf->raid_disks in preference to mddev->raid_disk

Due to commit 1cd96c24 ("block: WARN
in __blk_put_request() for potential bio leak"), BSG SMP requests get
the false warnings:

WARNING: at block/blk-core.c:1068 __blk_put_request+0x52/0xc0()

This sets rq->bio to NULL to avoid that false warnings.
Signed-off-by: NFUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

one system was found there is crash during reboot then kvm/MAXSMP
Sending all processes the KILL signal...                              done
Please stand by while rebooting the system...
[ 1721.856538] md: stopping all md devices.
[ 1722.852139] kvm: exiting hardware virtualization
[ 1722.854601] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
[ 1722.872219] IP: [<ffffffff8102c6b6>] hardware_disable+0x4c/0xb4
[ 1722.877955] PGD 0
[ 1722.880042] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 1722.892548] last sysfs file: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/host0/target0:2:0/0:2:0:0/vendor
[ 1722.900977] CPU 9
[ 1722.912606] Modules linked in:
[ 1722.914226] Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.30-rc7-tip-01843-g2305324-dirty #299 ...
[ 1722.932589] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8102c6b6>]  [<ffffffff8102c6b6>] hardware_disable+0x4c/0xb4
[ 1722.942709] RSP: 0018:ffffc900010b6ed8  EFLAGS: 00010046
[ 1722.956121] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffc9000e253140 RCX: 0000000000000009
[ 1722.972202] RDX: 000000000000b020 RSI: ffffc900010c3220 RDI: ffffffffffffd790
[ 1722.977399] RBP: ffffc900010b6f08 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 1722.995149] R10: 00000000000004b8 R11: 966912b6c78fddbd R12: 0000000000000009
[ 1723.011551] R13: 000000000000b020 R14: 0000000000000009 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 1723.019898] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffffc900010b3000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 1723.034389] CS:  0010 DS: 0018 ES: 0018 CR0: 000000008005003b
[ 1723.041164] CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 0000000001001000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
[ 1723.056192] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 1723.072546] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 1723.080562] Process swapper (pid: 0, threadinfo ffff88107e464000, task ffff88047e5a2550)
[ 1723.096144] Stack:
[ 1723.099071]  0000000000000046 ffffc9000e253168 966912b6c78fddbd ffffc9000e253140
[ 1723.115471]  ffff880c7d4304d0 ffffc9000e253168 ffffc900010b6f28 ffffffff81011022
[ 1723.132428]  ffffc900010b6f48 966912b6c78fddbd ffffc900010b6f48 ffffffff8100b83b
[ 1723.141973] Call Trace:
[ 1723.142981]  <IRQ> <0> [<ffffffff81011022>] kvm_arch_hardware_disable+0x26/0x3c
[ 1723.158153]  [<ffffffff8100b83b>] hardware_disable+0x3f/0x55
[ 1723.172168]  [<ffffffff810b95f6>] generic_smp_call_function_interrupt+0x76/0x13c
[ 1723.178836]  [<ffffffff8104cbea>] smp_call_function_interrupt+0x3a/0x5e
[ 1723.194689]  [<ffffffff81035bf3>] call_function_interrupt+0x13/0x20
[ 1723.199750]  <EOI> <0> [<ffffffff814ad3b4>] ? acpi_idle_enter_c1+0xd3/0xf4
[ 1723.217508]  [<ffffffff814ad3ae>] ? acpi_idle_enter_c1+0xcd/0xf4
[ 1723.232172]  [<ffffffff814ad4bc>] ? acpi_idle_enter_bm+0xe7/0x2ce
[ 1723.235141]  [<ffffffff81a8d93f>] ? __atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x0/0xac
[ 1723.253381]  [<ffffffff818c3dff>] ? menu_select+0x58/0xd2
[ 1723.258179]  [<ffffffff818c2c9d>] ? cpuidle_idle_call+0xa4/0xf3
[ 1723.272828]  [<ffffffff81034085>] ? cpu_idle+0xb8/0x101
[ 1723.277085]  [<ffffffff81a80163>] ? start_secondary+0x1bc/0x1d7
[ 1723.293708] Code: b0 00 00 65 48 8b 04 25 28 00 00 00 48 89 45 e0 31 c0 48 8b 04 cd 30 ee 27 82 49 89 cc 49 89 d5 48 8b 04 10 48 8d b8 90 d7 ff ff <48> 8b 87 70 28 00 00 48 8d 98 90 d7 ff ff eb 16 e8 e9 fe ff ff
[ 1723.335524] RIP  [<ffffffff8102c6b6>] hardware_disable+0x4c/0xb4
[ 1723.342076]  RSP <ffffc900010b6ed8>
[ 1723.352021] CR2: 0000000000000000
[ 1723.354348] ---[ end trace e2aec53dae150aa1 ]---

it turns out that we need clear cpus_hardware_enabled in that case.
Reported-and-tested-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

These are defined as static cpumask_var_t so if MAXSMP is not used,
they are cleared already.  Avoid surprises when MAXSMP is enabled.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai.lu@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

So can get cpumask_var with cpumask_clear
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

I found a bug in cls_cgroup_change() in cls_cgroup.c.
cls_cgroup_change() expected tca[TCA_OPTIONS] was set from user space properly,
but tc in iproute2-2.6.29-1 (which I used) didn't set it.

In the current source code of tc in git, it set tca[TCA_OPTIONS].

  git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git

If we always use a newest iproute2 in git when we use cls_cgroup, 
we don't face this oops probably.
But I think, kernel shouldn't panic regardless of use program's behaviour. 
Signed-off-by: NMinoru Usui <usui@mxm.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Michael Tokarev reported receiving a large packet could crash
a machine with RTL8169 NIC.
( original thread at http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/8/192 )

Problem is this driver tells that NIC frames up to 16383 bytes
can be received but provides skb to rx ring allocated with
smaller sizes (1536 bytes in case standard 1500 bytes MTU is used)

When a frame larger than what was allocated by driver is received,
dma transfert can occurs past the end of buffer and corrupt
kernel memory.

Fix is to tell to NIC what is the maximum size a frame can be.

This bug is very old, (before git introduction, linux-2.6.10), and 
should be backported to stable versions.
Reported-by: NMichael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NMichael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Now that we support changing the chunksize, we calculate
"reshape_sectors" to be the max of number of sectors in old
and new chunk size.
However there is one please where we still use 'chunksize'
rather than 'reshape_sectors'.
This causes a reshape that reduces the size of chunks to freeze.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

md has functionality to 'quiesce' and array so that all pending
IO completed and no new IO starts.  This is used to achieve a
stable state before making internal changes.

Currently this quiescing applies equally to normal IO, resync
IO, and reshape IO.
However there is a problem with applying it to reshape IO.
Reshape can have multiple 'stripe_heads' that must be active together.
If the quiesce come between allocating the first and the last of
such a collection, then we deadlock, as the last will not be allocated
until the quiesce is lifted, the quiesce will not be lifted until the
first (which has been allocated) gets used, and that first cannot be
used until the last is allocated.

It is not necessary to inhibit reshape IO when a quiesce is
requested.  Those places in the code that require a full quiesce will
ensure the reshape thread is not running at all.

So allow reshape requests to get access to new stripe_heads without
being blocked by a 'quiesce'.

This only affects in-place reshapes (i.e. where the array does not
grow or shrink) and these are only newly supported.  So this patch is
not needed in earlier kernels.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

mddev->raid_disks can be changed and any time by a request from
user-space.  It is a suggestion as to what number of raid_disks is
desired.

conf->raid_disks can only be changed by the raid5 module with suitable
locks in place.  It is a statement as to the current number of
raid_disks.

There are two places where the latter should be used, but the former
is used.  This can lead to a crash when reshaping an array.

This patch changes to mddev-> to conf->
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Our async work synchronization was broken by "async: make sure
independent async domains can't accidentally entangle" (commit
d5a877e8), because it would report
the wrong lowest active async ID when there was both running and
pending async work.

This caused things like no being able to read the root filesystem,
resulting in missing console devices and inability to run 'init',
causing a boot-time panic.

This fixes it by properly returning the lowest pending async ID: if
there is any running async work, that will have a lower ID than any
pending work, and we should _not_ look at the pending work list.

There were alternative patches from Jaswinder and James, but this one
also cleans up the code by removing the pointless 'ret' variable and
the unnecesary testing for an empty list around 'for_each_entry()' (if
the list is empty, the for_each_entry() thing just won't execute).

Fixes-bug: http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13474Reported-and-tested-by: NChris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinder@kernel.org>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* 'upstream' of git://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/upstream-linus:
  MIPS: Outline udelay and fix a few issues.
  MIPS: ioctl.h: Fix headers_check warnings
  MIPS: Cobalt: PCI bus is always required to obtain the board ID
  MIPS: Kconfig: Remove "Support for" from Cavium system type
  MIPS: Sibyte: Honor CONFIG_CMDLINE
  SSB: BCM47xx: Export ssb_watchdog_timer_set

The previous patch submission had a I typo I didn't catch but Bartlomiej
noted. Guess this proves the point about any patch being risky late in an rc
Signed-off-by: NAlan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* 'kvm-updates/2.6.30' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  KVM: Explicity initialize cpus_hardware_enabled

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bart/ide-2.6:
  pdc202xx_old: fix resetproc() method
  pdc202xx_old: fix 'pdc20246_dma_ops'

Outlining fixes the issue were on certain CPUs such as the R10000 family
the delay loop would need an extra cycle if it overlaps a cacheline
boundary.

The rewrite also fixes build errors with GCC 4.4 which was changed in
way incompatible with the kernel's inline assembly.

Relying on pure C for computation of the delay value removes the need for
explicit.  The price we pay is a slight slowdown of the computation - to
be fixed on another day.
Signed-off-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

Make ioctl.h compatible with asm-generic/ioctl.h and userspace

fix the following 'make headers_check' warning:

  usr/include/asm-mips/ioctl.h:64: extern's make no sense in userspace
Signed-off-by: NJaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

Signed-off-by: NYoichi Yuasa <yoichi_yuasa@tripeaks.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

Signed-off-by: NYoichi Yuasa <yoichi_yuasa@tripeaks.co.jp>
Acked-by: NDavid Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

Original patch by Imre Kaloz <kaloz@openwrt.org>.
Signed-off-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

this patch export ssb_watchdog_timer_set to allow to use it in a Linux 
watchdog driver.
Signed-off-by: NMatthieu CASTET <castet.matthieu@free.fr>
Acked-by : Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Signed-off-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

* master.kernel.org:/home/rmk/linux-2.6-arm:
  [ARM] 5543/1: arm: serial amba: add missing declaration in serial.h
  [ARM] pxa: fix pxa27x_udc default pullup GPIO
  [ARM] pxa/imote2: fix UCAM sensor board ADC model number
  mx[23]: don't put clock lookups in __initdata
  fix oops when using console=ttymxcN with N > 0
  [ARM] ARMv7 errata: only apply fixes when running on applicable CPU
  [ARM] 5534/1: kmalloc must return a cache line aligned buffer

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/drzeus/mmc:
  sdhci-of: Fix the wrong accessor to HOSTVER register
  mvsdio: fix config failure with some high speed SDHC cards
  mvsdio: ignore high speed timing requests from the core
  mmc/omap: Use disable_irq_nosync() from within irq handlers.
  sdhci-of: Add fsl,esdhc as a valid compatible to bind against
  mvsdio: allow automatic loading when modular
  mxcmmc: Fix missing return value checking in DMA setup code.
  mxcmmc : Reset the SDHC hardware if software timeout occurs.
  omap_hsmmc: Trivial fix for a typo in comment
  mxcmmc: decrease minimum frequency to make MMC cards work

Under CONFIG_MAXSMP, cpus_hardware_enabled is allocated from the heap and
not statically initialized.  This causes a crash on reboot when kvm thinks
vmx is enabled on random nonexistent cpus and accesses nonexistent percpu
lists.

Fix by explicitly clearing the variable.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Reported-and-tested-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAvi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>

This header is sometimes included in the uncompress stage to get
register values, but no <linux/amba/bus.h> can be included there.
So declare "struct amba_device" here before using it in a prototype.
Signed-off-by: NAlessandro Rubini <rubini@unipv.it>
Acked-by: NAndrea Gallo <andrea.gallo@stericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

pdc202xx_reset() calls pdc202xx_reset_host() twice, for both channels, while
that function actually twiddles the single, shared software reset bit -- the
net effect is a duplicated reset and horrendous 4 second delay happening not
only on a channel reset but also when dma_lost_irq() and dma_clear() methods
are called.  Fold pdc202xx_reset_host() into pdc202xx_reset(), fix printk(),
and move it before the actual reset...
Signed-off-by: NSergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>

Commit ac95beed (ide: add struct ide_port_ops
(take 2)) erroneously converted the driver's dma_timeout() and dma_lost_irq()
methods to call the driver's resetproc() method regardless of whether it was
defined for this specific controller while it hadn't been defined and hence
called for PDC20246. So the dma_clear() method, the successor of dma_timeout(),
shouldn't exist and the dma_lost_irq() method should be standard for PDC20246.
Signed-off-by: NSergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci-2.6:
  x86/pci: fix mmconfig detection with 32bit near 4g
  PCI: use fixed-up device class when configuring device

CONFIG_IMA=y inode activity leaks iint_cache and radix_tree_node objects
until the system runs out of memory.  Nowhere is calling ima_inode_free()
a.k.a. ima_iint_delete().  Fix that by calling it from destroy_inode().
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6:
  ext3/4 with synchronous writes gets wedged by Postfix
  Fix nobh_truncate_page() to not pass stack garbage to get_block()