POSIX states that poll() shall fail with EINVAL if nfds > OPEN_MAX.  In
this context, POSIX is referring to sysconf(OPEN_MAX), which is the value
of current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur in the linux kernel, not
the compile-time constant which happens to also be named OPEN_MAX.  In the
current code, an application may poll up to max_fdset file descriptors,
even if this exceeds RLIMIT_NOFILE.  The current code also breaks
applications which poll more than max_fdset descriptors, which worked circa
2.4.18 when the check was against NR_OPEN, which is 1024*1024.  This patch
enforces the limit precisely as POSIX defines, even if RLIMIT_NOFILE has
been changed at run time with ulimit -n.

To elaborate on the rationale for this, there are three cases:

1) RLIMIT_NOFILE is at the default value of 1024

In this (default) case, the patch changes nothing.  Calls with nfds > 1024
fail with EINVAL both before and after the patch, and calls with nfds <=
1024 pass the check both before and after the patch, since 1024 is the
initial value of max_fdset.

2) RLIMIT_NOFILE has been raised above the default

In this case, poll() becomes more permissive, allowing polling up to
RLIMIT_NOFILE file descriptors even if less than 1024 have been opened.
The patch won't introduce new errors here.  If an application somehow
depends on poll() failing when it polls with duplicate or invalid file
descriptors, it's already broken, since this is already allowed below 1024,
and will also work above 1024 if enough file descriptors have been open at
some point to cause max_fdset to have been increased above nfds.

3) RLIMIT_NOFILE has been lowered below the default

In this case, the system administrator or the user has gone out of their
way to protect the system from inefficient (or malicious) applications
wasting kernel memory.  The current code allows polling up to 1024 file
descriptors even if RLIMIT_NOFILE is much lower, which is not what the user
or administrator intended.  Well-written applications which only poll
valid, unique file descriptors will never notice the difference, because
they'll hit the limit on open() first.  If an application gets broken
because of the patch in this case, then it was already poorly/maliciously
designed, and allowing it to work in the past was a violation of POSIX and
a DoS risk on low-resource systems.

With this patch, poll() will permit exactly what POSIX suggests, no more,
no less, and for any run-time value set with ulimit -n, not just 256 or
1024.  There are existing apps which which poll a large number of file
descriptors, some of which may be invalid, and if those numbers stradle
1024, they currently fail with or without the patch in -mm, though they
worked fine under 2.4.18.
Signed-off-by: NChris Snook <csnook@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

If you do a poll() call with timeout -1, the wait will be a big number
(depending on HZ) instead of infinite wait, since -1 is passed to the
msecs_to_jiffies function.
Signed-off-by: NFrode Isaksen <frode.isaksen@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NNishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The "count" and "pt" variables are declared and modified by do_poll(), as
well as accessed and written indirectly in the do_pollfd() subroutine.

This patch pulls all handling of these variables into the do_poll()
function, thereby eliminating the odd use of indirection in do_pollfd().
This is done by pulling the "struct pollfd" traversal loop from do_pollfd()
into its only caller do_poll().  As an added bonus, the patch saves a few
clock cycles, and also adds comments to make the code easier to follow.
Signed-off-by: NVadim Lobanov <vlobanov@speakeasy.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

If SELECT_STACK_ALLOC is not a multiple of sizeof(long) then stack_fds[]
would be shorter than SELECT_STACK_ALLOC bytes and could overflow later in
the function.  Fixed by simply rearranging the test later to work on
sizeof(stack_fds) Currently SELECT_STACK_ALLOC is 256 so this doesn't
happen, but it's nasty to have things like this hidden in the code.  What
if later someone decides to change SELECT_STACK_ALLOC to 300?
Signed-off-by: NMitchell Blank Jr <mitch@sfgoth.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

fs/select.c: In function `core_sys_select':
fs/select.c:339: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
fs/select.c:376: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types lacks a cast

By using a void* we can remove lots of casts rather than adding more.

Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@trained-monkey.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Commit 70674f95:

  [PATCH] Optimize select/poll by putting small data sets on the stack

resulted in the poll stack being 4-byte aligned on 64-bit architectures,
causing misaligned accesses to elements in the array.

This patch fixes it by declaring the stack in terms of 'long' instead
of 'char'.

Force alignment of poll and select stacks to long to avoid unaligned
access on 64 bit architectures.
Signed-off-by: NJes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Mark the f_ops members of inodes as const, as well as fix the
ripple-through this causes by places that copy this f_ops and then "do
stuff" with it.
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Optimize select and poll by a using stack space for small fd sets

This brings back an old optimization from Linux 2.0.  Using the stack is
faster than kmalloc.  On a Intel P4 system it speeds up a select of a
single pty fd by about 13% (~4000 cycles -> ~3500)

It also saves memory because a daemon hanging in select or poll will
usually save one or two less pages.  This can add up - e.g.  if you have 10
daemons blocking in poll/select you save 40KB of memory.

I did a patch for this long ago, but it was never applied.  This version is
a reimplementation of the old patch that tries to be less intrusive.  I
only did the minimal changes needed for the stack allocation.

The cut off point before external memory is allocated is currently at
832bytes.  The system calls always allocate this much memory on the stack.

These 832 bytes are divided into 256 bytes frontend data (for the select
bitmaps of the pollfds) and the rest of the space for the wait queues used
by the low level drivers.  There are some extreme cases where this won't
work out for select and it falls back to allocating memory too early -
especially with very sparse large select bitmaps - but the majority of
processes who only have a small number of file descriptors should be ok.
[TBD: 832/256 might not be the best split for select or poll]

I suspect more optimizations might be possible, but they would be more
complicated.  One way would be to cache the select/poll context over
multiple system calls because typically the input values should be similar.
 Problem is when to flush the file descriptors out though.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

I got all of these backwards.  We want to return

	min(input timeout, new timeout)

to userspace to prevent increasing the time-remaining value.

Thanks to Ernst Herzberg <earny@net4u.de> for reporting and diagnosing.
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

With David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>

select() presently has a habit of increasing the value of the user's
`timeout' argument on return.

We were writing back a timeout larger than the original.  We _deliberately_
round up, since we know we must wait at _least_ as long as the caller asks
us to.

The patch adds a couple of helper functions for magnitude comparison of
timespecs and of timevals, and uses them to prevent the various poll and
select functions from returning a timeout which is larger than the one which
was passed in.

The patch also fixes a bug in compat_sys_pselect7(): it was adding the new
timeout value to the old one and was returning that.  It should just return
the new timeout value.

(We have various handy timespec/timeval-to-from-nsec conversion functions in
time.h.  But this code open-codes it all).

Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: george anzinger <george@mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

The following implementation of ppoll() and pselect() system calls
depends on the architecture providing a TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK flag in the
thread_info.

These system calls have to change the signal mask during their
operation, and signal handlers must be invoked using the new, temporary
signal mask. The old signal mask must be restored either upon successful
exit from the system call, or upon returning from the invoked signal
handler if the system call is interrupted. We can't simply restore the
original signal mask and return to userspace, since the restored signal
mask may actually block the signal which interrupted the system call.

The TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK flag deals with this by causing the syscall exit
path to trap into do_signal() just as TIF_SIGPENDING does, and by
causing do_signal() to use the saved signal mask instead of the current
signal mask when setting up the stack frame for the signal handler -- or
by causing do_signal() to simply restore the saved signal mask in the
case where there is no handler to be invoked.

The first patch implements the sys_pselect() and sys_ppoll() system
calls, which are present only if TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK is defined. That
#ifdef should go away in time when all architectures have implemented
it. The second patch implements TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK for the PowerPC
kernel (in the -mm tree), and the third patch then removes the
arch-specific implementations of sys_rt_sigsuspend() and replaces them
with generic versions using the same trick.

The fourth and fifth patches, provided by David Howells, implement
TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK for FR-V and i386 respectively, and the sixth patch
adds the syscalls to the i386 syscall table.

This patch:

Add the pselect() and ppoll() system calls, providing core routines usable by
the original select() and poll() system calls and also the new calls (with
their semantics w.r.t timeouts).
Signed-off-by: NDavid Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

With the use of RCU in files structure, the look-up of files using fds can now
be lock-free.  The lookup is protected by rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock().
This patch changes the readers to use lock-free lookup.
Signed-off-by: NManeesh Soni <maneesh@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NRavikiran Thirumalai <kiran_th@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

In order for the RCU to work, the file table array, sets and their sizes must
be updated atomically.  Instead of ensuring this through too many memory
barriers, we put the arrays and their sizes in a separate structure.  This
patch takes the first step of putting the file table elements in a separate
structure fdtable that is embedded withing files_struct.  It also changes all
the users to refer to the file table using files_fdtable() macro.  Subsequent
applciation of RCU becomes easier after this.
Signed-off-by: NDipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-Off-By: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch makes some needlessly global identifiers static.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Acked-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjanv@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NTrond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!