Core code replacement for the ugly camel case. It contains all the
code which is shared in all handlers.

     clear status flags
     set INPROGRESS flag
     unlock
     call action chain
     note_interrupt
     lock
     clr INPROGRESS flag
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

We run all handlers with interrupts disabled and expect them not to
enable them. Warn when we catch one who does.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

All architectures are finally converted. Remove the cruft.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Acked-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Acked-by: NBenjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.chen@sunplusct.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>

kernel/irq/handle.c has become a dumpground for random code in random
order. Split out the irq descriptor management and the dummy irq_chip
implementation into separate files. Cleanup the include maze while at
it.

No code change.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This option covers now the old chip functions and the irq_desc data
fields which are moving to struct irq_data. More stuff will follow.

Pretty handy for testing a conversion, whether something broke or not.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Wrap the old chip function startup() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.635152961@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Wrap the old chip functions disable() and shutdown() until the
migration is complete and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.532070631@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Wrap the old chip function enable() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.437159182@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Wrap the old chip function ack() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.142624725@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Wrap the old chip function unmask() until the migration is complete
and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.043608928@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Wrap the old chip function mask() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121841.940355859@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The compat functions go away when the core code is converted.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Convert all references in the core code to orq, chip, handler_data,
chip_data, msi_desc, affinity to irq_data.*
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Low level chip functions need access to irq_desc->handler_data,
irq_desc->chip_data and irq_desc->msi_desc. We hand down the irq
number to the low level functions, so they need to lookup irq_desc.
With sparse irq this means a radix tree lookup.

We could hand down irq_desc itself, but low level chip functions have
no need to fiddle with it directly and we want to restrict access to
irq_desc further.

Preparatory patch for new chip functions.

Note, that the ugly anon union/struct is there to avoid a full tree
wide clean up for now. This is not going to last 3 years like __do_IRQ()
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121841.645542300@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Running interrupt handlers with interrupts enabled can cause stack
overflows. That has been observed with multiqueue NICs delivering all
their interrupts to a single core. We might band aid that somehow by
checking the interrupt stacks, but the real safe fix is to run the irq
handlers with interrupts disabled.

Drivers for whacky hardware still can reenable them in the handler
itself, if the need arises. (They do already due to lockdep)

The risk of doing this is rather low:

 - lockdep already enforces this
 - CONFIG_NOHZ has shaken out the drivers which relied on jiffies updates
 - time keeping is not longer sensitive to the timer interrupt being delayed
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100326000405.758579387@linutronix.de>

Use radix_tree irq_desc_tree instead of irq_desc_ptrs.

-v2: according to Eric and cyrill to use radix_tree_lookup_slot and
     radix_tree_replace_slot
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <1265793639-15071-32-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Add replace_irq_desc() instead of poking at the array directly.

-v2: remove unneeded boundary check in replace_irq_desc
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <1265793639-15071-31-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

mem_init is moved early already.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <1265793639-15071-29-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to
raw_spinlocks.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

After m68k's task_thread_info() doesn't refer to current,
it's possible to remove sched.h from interrupt.h and not break m68k!
Many thanks to Heiko Carstens for allowing this.
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>

when there is no ram on node 0.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
LKML-Reference: <4A95C32D.5040605@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Ingo had

[    0.000000] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[    0.000000] WARNING: at mm/bootmem.c:537 alloc_arch_preferred_bootmem+0x2b/0x71()
[    0.000000] Hardware name: System Product Name
[    0.000000] Modules linked in:
[    0.000000] Pid: 0, comm: swapper Tainted: G        W  2.6.30-tip-03087-g0bb2618-dirty #52506
[    0.000000] Call Trace:
[    0.000000]  [<81032588>] warn_slowpath_common+0x60/0x90
[    0.000000]  [<810325c5>] warn_slowpath_null+0xd/0x10
[    0.000000]  [<819d1bc0>] alloc_arch_preferred_bootmem+0x2b/0x71
[    0.000000]  [<819d1c31>] ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic+0x2b/0x9a
[    0.000000]  [<81050a0a>] ? lock_release+0xac/0xb2
[    0.000000]  [<819d1d4c>] ___alloc_bootmem+0xe/0x2d
[    0.000000]  [<819d1e9f>] __alloc_bootmem+0xa/0xc
[    0.000000]  [<819d7c63>] alloc_bootmem_cpumask_var+0x21/0x26
[    0.000000]  [<819d0cc8>] early_irq_init+0x15/0x10d
[    0.000000]  [<819bb75a>] start_kernel+0x167/0x326
[    0.000000]  [<819bb06b>] __init_begin+0x6b/0x70
[    0.000000] ---[ end trace 4eaa2a86a8e2da23 ]---
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:2304 nr_irqs:424
[    0.000000] CPU 0 irqstacks, hard=821e6000 soft=821e7000

we need to update init_irq_default_affinity
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>

Fixes the following problem:

[    0.000000] Experimental hierarchical RCU init done.
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:4352 nr_irqs:256
[    0.000000] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[    0.000000] WARNING: at mm/bootmem.c:537 alloc_arch_preferred_bootmem+0x40/0x7e()
[    0.000000] Hardware name: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
[    0.000000] Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.30-tip-02161-g7a74539-dirty #59709
[    0.000000] Call Trace:
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823f8c8e>] ? alloc_arch_preferred_bootmem+0x40/0x7e
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff81067168>] warn_slowpath_common+0x88/0xcb
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff810671d2>] warn_slowpath_null+0x27/0x3d
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823f8c8e>] alloc_arch_preferred_bootmem+0x40/0x7e
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823f9307>] ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic+0x4e/0xec
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823f93c5>] ___alloc_bootmem+0x20/0x61
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823f962e>] __alloc_bootmem+0x1e/0x34
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823f757c>] early_irq_init+0x6d/0x118
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823e0140>] ? early_idt_handler+0x0/0x71
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823e0cf7>] start_kernel+0x192/0x394
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823e0140>] ? early_idt_handler+0x0/0x71
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823e02ad>] x86_64_start_reservations+0xb4/0xcf
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823e0000>] ? __init_begin+0x0/0x140
[    0.000000]  [<ffffffff823e0420>] x86_64_start_kernel+0x158/0x17b
[    0.000000] ---[ end trace a7919e7f17c0a725 ]---
[    0.000000] Fast TSC calibration using PIT
[    0.000000] Detected 2002.510 MHz processor.
[    0.004000] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
Reported-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>

Don't hardcode to node zero for early boot IRQ setup memory allocations.

[ penberg@cs.helsinki.fi: minor cleanups ]
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>

Presently non-legacy IRQs have their irq_desc allocated with
kzalloc_node(). This assumes that all callers of irq_to_desc_node_alloc()
will be sufficiently late in the boot process that kmalloc is available.

While porting sparseirq support to sh this blew up immediately, as at the
time that we register the CPU's interrupt vector map only bootmem is
available. Check slab_is_available() to work out which path to use.

[ Impact: fix SH early boot crash with sparseirq enabled ]
Signed-off-by: NPaul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
LKML-Reference: <20090522014008.GA2806@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This reverts commit 044d4084.

The commit added a warning when handle_IRQ_event() is called outside
of hard interrupt context. This breaks the generic tasklet based
interrupt resend mechanism which is used when the hardware has no way
to retrigger the interrupt. So we get a warning for a use case which
is correct and worked for years. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

"tracing: create automated trace defines" causes this compile error on s390,
as reported by Sachin Sant against linux-next:

 kernel/built-in.o: In function `__do_softirq':
 (.text+0x1c680): undefined reference to `__tracepoint_softirq_entry'

This happens because the definitions of the softirq tracepoints were moved
from kernel/softirq.c to kernel/irq/handle.c. Since s390 doesn't support
generic hardirqs handle.c doesn't get compiled and the definitions are
missing.

So move the tracepoints to softirq.c again.

[ Impact: fix build failure on s390 ]
Reported-by: NSachin Sant <sachinp@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
LKML-Reference: <20090429135139.5fac79b8@osiris.boeblingen.de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This simplifies the node awareness of the code. All our allocators
only deal with a NUMA node ID locality not with CPU ids anyway - so
there's no need to maintain (and transform) a CPU id all across the
IRq layer.

v2: keep move_irq_desc related

[ Impact: cleanup, prepare IRQ code to be NUMA-aware ]
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
LKML-Reference: <49F65536.2020300@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The original feature of migrating irq_desc dynamic was too fragile
and was causing problems: it caused crashes on systems with lots of
cards with MSI-X when user-space irq-balancer was enabled.

We now have new patches that create irq_desc according to device
numa node. This patch removes the leftover bits of the dynamic balancer.

[ Impact: remove dead code ]
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
LKML-Reference: <49F654AF.8000808@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

CPUMASKS_OFFSTACK is not defined anywhere (it is CPUMASK_OFFSTACK).
It is a typo and init_allocate_desc_masks() is called before it set
affinity to all cpus...

Split init_alloc_desc_masks() into all_desc_masks() and init_desc_masks().

Also use CPUMASK_OFFSTACK in alloc_desc_masks().

[ Impact: fix smp_affinity copying/setup when moving irq_desc between CPUs ]
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
LKML-Reference: <49F6546E.3040406@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: clean up

Create a sub directory in include/trace called events to keep the
trace point headers in their own separate directory. Only headers that
declare trace points should be defined in this directory.

Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Zhao Lei <zhaolei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

This patch lowers the number of places a developer must modify to add
new tracepoints. The current method to add a new tracepoint
into an existing system is to write the trace point macro in the
trace header with one of the macros TRACE_EVENT, TRACE_FORMAT or
DECLARE_TRACE, then they must add the same named item into the C file
with the macro DEFINE_TRACE(name) and then add the trace point.

This change cuts out the needing to add the DEFINE_TRACE(name).
Every file that uses the tracepoint must still include the trace/<type>.h
file, but the one C file must also add a define before the including
of that file.

 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include <trace/mytrace.h>

This will cause the trace/mytrace.h file to also produce the C code
necessary to implement the trace point.

Note, if more than one trace/<type>.h is used to create the C code
it is best to list them all together.

 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include <trace/foo.h>
 #include <trace/bar.h>
 #include <trace/fido.h>

Thanks to Mathieu Desnoyers and Christoph Hellwig for coming up with
the cleaner solution of the define above the includes over my first
design to have the C code include a "special" header.

This patch converts sched, irq and lockdep and skb to use this new
method.

Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Zhao Lei <zhaolei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Delta patch to address the review comments.

      - Implement warning when IRQ_WAKE_THREAD is requested and no
        thread handler installed
      - coding style fixes
Pointed-out-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Add support for threaded interrupt handlers:

A device driver can request that its main interrupt handler runs in a
thread. To achive this the device driver requests the interrupt with
request_threaded_irq() and provides additionally to the handler a
thread function. The handler function is called in hard interrupt
context and needs to check whether the interrupt originated from the
device. If the interrupt originated from the device then the handler
can either return IRQ_HANDLED or IRQ_WAKE_THREAD. IRQ_HANDLED is
returned when no further action is required. IRQ_WAKE_THREAD causes
the genirq code to invoke the threaded (main) handler. When
IRQ_WAKE_THREAD is returned handler must have disabled the interrupt
on the device level. This is mandatory for shared interrupt handlers,
but we need to do it as well for obscure x86 hardware where disabling
an interrupt on the IO_APIC level redirects the interrupt to the
legacy PIC interrupt lines.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Two years migration time is enough. Remove the compability cruft.

Add the deprecated warning in kernel/irq/handle.c because marking
__do_IRQ itself is way too noisy.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Make sure the genirq layer handlers are indeed running handlers
in hardirq context. That is the genirq expectation and doing
anything else is broken.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
LKML-Reference: <1236006812.5330.632.camel@laptop>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: add new tracepoints

Add them to the generic IRQ code, that way every architecture
gets these new tracepoints, not just x86.

Using Steve's new 'TRACE_FORMAT', I can get function graph
trace as follows using the original two IRQ tracepoints:

 3)               |    handle_IRQ_event() {
 3)               |    /* (irq_handler_entry) irq=28 handler=eth0 */
 3)               |    e1000_intr_msi() {
 3)   2.460 us    |      __napi_schedule();
 3)   9.416 us    |    }
 3)               |    /* (irq_handler_exit) irq=28 handler=eth0 return=handled */
 3) + 22.935 us   |  }
Signed-off-by: NJason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <compudj@krystal.dyndns.org>
Cc: "Frank Ch. Eigler" <fche@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Simplify and make init_kstat_irqs etc more type proof, suggested by
Andrew.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: get correct kstat_irqs [/proc/interrupts] for msi/msi-x etc

need to call clear_kstat_irqs(), so when we reuse that irq_desc,
we get correct kstat in /proc/interrupts.

This makes /proc/interrupts not have <NULL> entries.

Don't need to worry about arch that doesn't support genirq, because they
will not call dynamic_irq_cleanup().

v2: simplify and make clear_kstat_irqs more robust
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Move the initialization of irq_default_affinity to early_irq_init as
core_initcall is too late.

irq_default_affinity can be used in init_IRQ and potentially timer and
SMP init as well.  All of these happen before core_initcall.  Moving
the initialization to early_irq_init ensures that it is initialized
before it is used.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Acked-by: NMike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>