1. 12 4月, 2017 2 次提交
  2. 02 4月, 2017 1 次提交
    • A
      bpf: introduce BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN command · 1cf1cae9
      Alexei Starovoitov 提交于
      development and testing of networking bpf programs is quite cumbersome.
      Despite availability of user space bpf interpreters the kernel is
      the ultimate authority and execution environment.
      Current test frameworks for TC include creation of netns, veth,
      qdiscs and use of various packet generators just to test functionality
      of a bpf program. XDP testing is even more complicated, since
      qemu needs to be started with gro/gso disabled and precise queue
      configuration, transferring of xdp program from host into guest,
      attaching to virtio/eth0 and generating traffic from the host
      while capturing the results from the guest.
      
      Moreover analyzing performance bottlenecks in XDP program is
      impossible in virtio environment, since cost of running the program
      is tiny comparing to the overhead of virtio packet processing,
      so performance testing can only be done on physical nic
      with another server generating traffic.
      
      Furthermore ongoing changes to user space control plane of production
      applications cannot be run on the test servers leaving bpf programs
      stubbed out for testing.
      
      Last but not least, the upstream llvm changes are validated by the bpf
      backend testsuite which has no ability to test the code generated.
      
      To improve this situation introduce BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN command
      to test and performance benchmark bpf programs.
      
      Joint work with Daniel Borkmann.
      Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NMartin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      1cf1cae9
  3. 23 3月, 2017 2 次提交
    • M
      bpf: Add hash of maps support · bcc6b1b7
      Martin KaFai Lau 提交于
      This patch adds hash of maps support (hashmap->bpf_map).
      BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS is added.
      
      A map-in-map contains a pointer to another map and lets call
      this pointer 'inner_map_ptr'.
      
      Notes on deleting inner_map_ptr from a hash map:
      
      1. For BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC map-in-map, when deleting
         an inner_map_ptr, the htab_elem itself will go through
         a rcu grace period and the inner_map_ptr resides
         in the htab_elem.
      
      2. For pre-allocated htab_elem (!BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC),
         when deleting an inner_map_ptr, the htab_elem may
         get reused immediately.  This situation is similar
         to the existing prealloc-ated use cases.
      
         However, the bpf_map_fd_put_ptr() calls bpf_map_put() which calls
         inner_map->ops->map_free(inner_map) which will go
         through a rcu grace period (i.e. all bpf_map's map_free
         currently goes through a rcu grace period).  Hence,
         the inner_map_ptr is still safe for the rcu reader side.
      
      This patch also includes BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS to the
      check_map_prealloc() in the verifier.  preallocation is a
      must for BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT.  Hence, even we don't expect
      heavy updates to map-in-map, enforcing BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC for map-in-map
      is impossible without disallowing BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT from using
      map-in-map first.
      Signed-off-by: NMartin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      bcc6b1b7
    • M
      bpf: Add array of maps support · 56f668df
      Martin KaFai Lau 提交于
      This patch adds a few helper funcs to enable map-in-map
      support (i.e. outer_map->inner_map).  The first outer_map type
      BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS is also added in this patch.
      The next patch will introduce a hash of maps type.
      
      Any bpf map type can be acted as an inner_map.  The exception
      is BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY because the extra level of
      indirection makes it harder to verify the owner_prog_type
      and owner_jited.
      
      Multi-level map-in-map is not supported (i.e. map->map is ok
      but not map->map->map).
      
      When adding an inner_map to an outer_map, it currently checks the
      map_type, key_size, value_size, map_flags, max_entries and ops.
      The verifier also uses those map's properties to do static analysis.
      map_flags is needed because we need to ensure BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT
      is using a preallocated hashtab for the inner_hash also.  ops and
      max_entries are needed to generate inlined map-lookup instructions.
      For simplicity reason, a simple '==' test is used for both map_flags
      and max_entries.  The equality of ops is implied by the equality of
      map_type.
      
      During outer_map creation time, an inner_map_fd is needed to create an
      outer_map.  However, the inner_map_fd's life time does not depend on the
      outer_map.  The inner_map_fd is merely used to initialize
      the inner_map_meta of the outer_map.
      
      Also, for the outer_map:
      
      * It allows element update and delete from syscall
      * It allows element lookup from bpf_prog
      
      The above is similar to the current fd_array pattern.
      Signed-off-by: NMartin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      56f668df
  4. 17 3月, 2017 1 次提交
  5. 18 2月, 2017 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf: make jited programs visible in traces · 74451e66
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Long standing issue with JITed programs is that stack traces from
      function tracing check whether a given address is kernel code
      through {__,}kernel_text_address(), which checks for code in core
      kernel, modules and dynamically allocated ftrace trampolines. But
      what is still missing is BPF JITed programs (interpreted programs
      are not an issue as __bpf_prog_run() will be attributed to them),
      thus when a stack trace is triggered, the code walking the stack
      won't see any of the JITed ones. The same for address correlation
      done from user space via reading /proc/kallsyms. This is read by
      tools like perf, but the latter is also useful for permanent live
      tracing with eBPF itself in combination with stack maps when other
      eBPF types are part of the callchain. See offwaketime example on
      dumping stack from a map.
      
      This work tries to tackle that issue by making the addresses and
      symbols known to the kernel. The lookup from *kernel_text_address()
      is implemented through a latched RB tree that can be read under
      RCU in fast-path that is also shared for symbol/size/offset lookup
      for a specific given address in kallsyms. The slow-path iteration
      through all symbols in the seq file done via RCU list, which holds
      a tiny fraction of all exported ksyms, usually below 0.1 percent.
      Function symbols are exported as bpf_prog_<tag>, in order to aide
      debugging and attribution. This facility is currently enabled for
      root-only when bpf_jit_kallsyms is set to 1, and disabled if hardening
      is active in any mode. The rationale behind this is that still a lot
      of systems ship with world read permissions on kallsyms thus addresses
      should not get suddenly exposed for them. If that situation gets
      much better in future, we always have the option to change the
      default on this. Likewise, unprivileged programs are not allowed
      to add entries there either, but that is less of a concern as most
      such programs types relevant in this context are for root-only anyway.
      If enabled, call graphs and stack traces will then show a correct
      attribution; one example is illustrated below, where the trace is
      now visible in tooling such as perf script --kallsyms=/proc/kallsyms
      and friends.
      
      Before:
      
        7fff8166889d bpf_clone_redirect+0x80007f0020ed (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
               f5d80 __sendmsg_nocancel+0xffff006451f1a007 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.18.so)
      
      After:
      
        7fff816688b7 bpf_clone_redirect+0x80007f002107 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fffa0575728 bpf_prog_33c45a467c9e061a+0x8000600020fb (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fffa07ef1fc cls_bpf_classify+0x8000600020dc (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff81678b68 tc_classify+0x80007f002078 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff8164d40b __netif_receive_skb_core+0x80007f0025fb (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff8164d718 __netif_receive_skb+0x80007f002018 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff8164e565 process_backlog+0x80007f002095 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff8164dc71 net_rx_action+0x80007f002231 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff81767461 __softirqentry_text_start+0x80007f0020d1 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff817658ac do_softirq_own_stack+0x80007f00201c (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff810a2c20 do_softirq+0x80007f002050 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff810a2cb5 __local_bh_enable_ip+0x80007f002085 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff8168d452 ip_finish_output2+0x80007f002152 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff8168ea3d ip_finish_output+0x80007f00217d (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff8168f2af ip_output+0x80007f00203f (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        [...]
        7fff81005854 do_syscall_64+0x80007f002054 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
        7fff817649eb return_from_SYSCALL_64+0x80007f002000 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
               f5d80 __sendmsg_nocancel+0xffff01c484812007 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.18.so)
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      74451e66
  6. 19 1月, 2017 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf: don't trigger OOM killer under pressure with map alloc · d407bd25
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      This patch adds two helpers, bpf_map_area_alloc() and bpf_map_area_free(),
      that are to be used for map allocations. Using kmalloc() for very large
      allocations can cause excessive work within the page allocator, so i) fall
      back earlier to vmalloc() when the attempt is considered costly anyway,
      and even more importantly ii) don't trigger OOM killer with any of the
      allocators.
      
      Since this is based on a user space request, for example, when creating
      maps with element pre-allocation, we really want such requests to fail
      instead of killing other user space processes.
      
      Also, don't spam the kernel log with warnings should any of the allocations
      fail under pressure. Given that, we can make backend selection in
      bpf_map_area_alloc() generic, and convert all maps over to use this API
      for spots with potentially large allocation requests.
      
      Note, replacing the one kmalloc_array() is fine as overflow checks happen
      earlier in htab_map_alloc(), since it must also protect the multiplication
      for vmalloc() should kmalloc_array() fail.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      d407bd25
  7. 17 1月, 2017 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf: rework prog_digest into prog_tag · f1f7714e
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Commit 7bd509e3 ("bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via
      fdinfo/netlink") was recently discussed, partially due to
      admittedly suboptimal name of "prog_digest" in combination
      with sha1 hash usage, thus inevitably and rightfully concerns
      about its security in terms of collision resistance were
      raised with regards to use-cases.
      
      The intended use cases are for debugging resp. introspection
      only for providing a stable "tag" over the instruction sequence
      that both kernel and user space can calculate independently.
      It's not usable at all for making a security relevant decision.
      So collisions where two different instruction sequences generate
      the same tag can happen, but ideally at a rather low rate. The
      "tag" will be dumped in hex and is short enough to introspect
      in tracepoints or kallsyms output along with other data such
      as stack trace, etc. Thus, this patch performs a rename into
      prog_tag and truncates the tag to a short output (64 bits) to
      make it obvious it's not collision-free.
      
      Should in future a hash or facility be needed with a security
      relevant focus, then we can think about requirements, constraints,
      etc that would fit to that situation. For now, rework the exposed
      parts for the current use cases as long as nothing has been
      released yet. Tested on x86_64 and s390x.
      
      Fixes: 7bd509e3 ("bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via fdinfo/netlink")
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      f1f7714e
  8. 12 1月, 2017 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf: pass original insn directly to convert_ctx_access · 6b8cc1d1
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Currently, when calling convert_ctx_access() callback for the various
      program types, we pass in insn->dst_reg, insn->src_reg, insn->off from
      the original instruction. This information is needed to rewrite the
      instruction that is based on the user ctx structure into a kernel
      representation for the ctx. As we'd like to allow access size beyond
      just BPF_W, we'd need also insn->code for that in order to decode the
      original access size. Given that, lets just pass insn directly to the
      convert_ctx_access() callback and work on that to not clutter the
      callback with even more arguments we need to pass when everything is
      already contained in insn. So lets go through that once, no functional
      change.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      6b8cc1d1
  9. 10 1月, 2017 1 次提交
  10. 18 12月, 2016 2 次提交
    • D
      bpf: fix overflow in prog accounting · 5ccb071e
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Commit aaac3ba9 ("bpf: charge user for creation of BPF maps and
      programs") made a wrong assumption of charging against prog->pages.
      Unlike map->pages, prog->pages are still subject to change when we
      need to expand the program through bpf_prog_realloc().
      
      This can for example happen during verification stage when we need to
      expand and rewrite parts of the program. Should the required space
      cross a page boundary, then prog->pages is not the same anymore as
      its original value that we used to bpf_prog_charge_memlock() on. Thus,
      we'll hit a wrap-around during bpf_prog_uncharge_memlock() when prog
      is freed eventually. I noticed this that despite having unlimited
      memlock, programs suddenly refused to load with EPERM error due to
      insufficient memlock.
      
      There are two ways to fix this issue. One would be to add a cached
      variable to struct bpf_prog that takes a snapshot of prog->pages at the
      time of charging. The other approach is to also account for resizes. I
      chose to go with the latter for a couple of reasons: i) We want accounting
      rather to be more accurate instead of further fooling limits, ii) adding
      yet another page counter on struct bpf_prog would also be a waste just
      for this purpose. We also do want to charge as early as possible to
      avoid going into the verifier just to find out later on that we crossed
      limits. The only place that needs to be fixed is bpf_prog_realloc(),
      since only here we expand the program, so we try to account for the
      needed delta and should we fail, call-sites check for outcome anyway.
      On cBPF to eBPF migrations, we don't grab a reference to the user as
      they are charged differently. With that in place, my test case worked
      fine.
      
      Fixes: aaac3ba9 ("bpf: charge user for creation of BPF maps and programs")
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      5ccb071e
    • D
      bpf: dynamically allocate digest scratch buffer · aafe6ae9
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Geert rightfully complained that 7bd509e3 ("bpf: add prog_digest
      and expose it via fdinfo/netlink") added a too large allocation of
      variable 'raw' from bss section, and should instead be done dynamically:
      
        # ./scripts/bloat-o-meter kernel/bpf/core.o.1 kernel/bpf/core.o.2
        add/remove: 3/0 grow/shrink: 0/0 up/down: 33291/0 (33291)
        function                                     old     new   delta
        raw                                            -   32832  +32832
        [...]
      
      Since this is only relevant during program creation path, which can be
      considered slow-path anyway, lets allocate that dynamically and be not
      implicitly dependent on verifier mutex. Move bpf_prog_calc_digest() at
      the beginning of replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr() and also error handling
      stays straight forward.
      Reported-by: NGeert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      aafe6ae9
  11. 06 12月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf: add prog_digest and expose it via fdinfo/netlink · 7bd509e3
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      When loading a BPF program via bpf(2), calculate the digest over
      the program's instruction stream and store it in struct bpf_prog's
      digest member. This is done at a point in time before any instructions
      are rewritten by the verifier. Any unstable map file descriptor
      number part of the imm field will be zeroed for the hash.
      
      fdinfo example output for progs:
      
        # cat /proc/1590/fdinfo/5
        pos:          0
        flags:        02000002
        mnt_id:       11
        prog_type:    1
        prog_jited:   1
        prog_digest:  b27e8b06da22707513aa97363dfb11c7c3675d28
        memlock:      4096
      
      When programs are pinned and retrieved by an ELF loader, the loader
      can check the program's digest through fdinfo and compare it against
      one that was generated over the ELF file's program section to see
      if the program needs to be reloaded. Furthermore, this can also be
      exposed through other means such as netlink in case of a tc cls/act
      dump (or xdp in future), but also through tracepoints or other
      facilities to identify the program. Other than that, the digest can
      also serve as a base name for the work in progress kallsyms support
      of programs. The digest doesn't depend/select the crypto layer, since
      we need to keep dependencies to a minimum. iproute2 will get support
      for this facility.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      7bd509e3
  12. 22 11月, 2016 1 次提交
  13. 13 11月, 2016 1 次提交
  14. 23 10月, 2016 1 次提交
  15. 29 9月, 2016 1 次提交
    • J
      bpf: allow access into map value arrays · 48461135
      Josef Bacik 提交于
      Suppose you have a map array value that is something like this
      
      struct foo {
      	unsigned iter;
      	int array[SOME_CONSTANT];
      };
      
      You can easily insert this into an array, but you cannot modify the contents of
      foo->array[] after the fact.  This is because we have no way to verify we won't
      go off the end of the array at verification time.  This patch provides a start
      for this work.  We accomplish this by keeping track of a minimum and maximum
      value a register could be while we're checking the code.  Then at the time we
      try to do an access into a MAP_VALUE we verify that the maximum offset into that
      region is a valid access into that memory region.  So in practice, code such as
      this
      
      unsigned index = 0;
      
      if (foo->iter >= SOME_CONSTANT)
      	foo->iter = index;
      else
      	index = foo->iter++;
      foo->array[index] = bar;
      
      would be allowed, as we can verify that index will always be between 0 and
      SOME_CONSTANT-1.  If you wish to use signed values you'll have to have an extra
      check to make sure the index isn't less than 0, or do something like index %=
      SOME_CONSTANT.
      Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      48461135
  16. 21 9月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf: direct packet write and access for helpers for clsact progs · 36bbef52
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      This work implements direct packet access for helpers and direct packet
      write in a similar fashion as already available for XDP types via commits
      4acf6c0b ("bpf: enable direct packet data write for xdp progs") and
      6841de8b ("bpf: allow helpers access the packet directly"), and as a
      complementary feature to the already available direct packet read for tc
      (cls/act) programs.
      
      For enabling this, we need to introduce two helpers, bpf_skb_pull_data()
      and bpf_csum_update(). The first is generally needed for both, read and
      write, because they would otherwise only be limited to the current linear
      skb head. Usually, when the data_end test fails, programs just bail out,
      or, in the direct read case, use bpf_skb_load_bytes() as an alternative
      to overcome this limitation. If such data sits in non-linear parts, we
      can just pull them in once with the new helper, retest and eventually
      access them.
      
      At the same time, this also makes sure the skb is uncloned, which is, of
      course, a necessary condition for direct write. As this needs to be an
      invariant for the write part only, the verifier detects writes and adds
      a prologue that is calling bpf_skb_pull_data() to effectively unclone the
      skb from the very beginning in case it is indeed cloned. The heuristic
      makes use of a similar trick that was done in 233577a2 ("net: filter:
      constify detection of pkt_type_offset"). This comes at zero cost for other
      programs that do not use the direct write feature. Should a program use
      this feature only sparsely and has read access for the most parts with,
      for example, drop return codes, then such write action can be delegated
      to a tail called program for mitigating this cost of potential uncloning
      to a late point in time where it would have been paid similarly with the
      bpf_skb_store_bytes() as well. Advantage of direct write is that the
      writes are inlined whereas the helper cannot make any length assumptions
      and thus needs to generate a call to memcpy() also for small sizes, as well
      as cost of helper call itself with sanity checks are avoided. Plus, when
      direct read is already used, we don't need to cache or perform rechecks
      on the data boundaries (due to verifier invalidating previous checks for
      helpers that change skb->data), so more complex programs using rewrites
      can benefit from switching to direct read plus write.
      
      For direct packet access to helpers, we save the otherwise needed copy into
      a temp struct sitting on stack memory when use-case allows. Both facilities
      are enabled via may_access_direct_pkt_data() in verifier. For now, we limit
      this to map helpers and csum_diff, and can successively enable other helpers
      where we find it makes sense. Helpers that definitely cannot be allowed for
      this are those part of bpf_helper_changes_skb_data() since they can change
      underlying data, and those that write into memory as this could happen for
      packet typed args when still cloned. bpf_csum_update() helper accommodates
      for the fact that we need to fixup checksum_complete when using direct write
      instead of bpf_skb_store_bytes(), meaning the programs can use available
      helpers like bpf_csum_diff(), and implement csum_add(), csum_sub(),
      csum_block_add(), csum_block_sub() equivalents in eBPF together with the
      new helper. A usage example will be provided for iproute2's examples/bpf/
      directory.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      36bbef52
  17. 03 9月, 2016 1 次提交
    • A
      perf, bpf: add perf events core support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT programs · aa6a5f3c
      Alexei Starovoitov 提交于
      Allow attaching BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT programs to sw and hw perf events
      via overflow_handler mechanism.
      When program is attached the overflow_handlers become stacked.
      The program acts as a filter.
      Returning zero from the program means that the normal perf_event_output handler
      will not be called and sampling event won't be stored in the ring buffer.
      
      The overflow_handler_context==NULL is an additional safety check
      to make sure programs are not attached to hw breakpoints and watchdog
      in case other checks (that prevent that now anyway) get accidentally
      relaxed in the future.
      
      The program refcnt is incremented in case perf_events are inhereted
      when target task is forked.
      Similar to kprobe and tracepoint programs there is no ioctl to
      detach the program or swap already attached program. The user space
      expected to close(perf_event_fd) like it does right now for kprobe+bpf.
      That restriction simplifies the code quite a bit.
      
      The invocation of overflow_handler in __perf_event_overflow() is now
      done via READ_ONCE, since that pointer can be replaced when the program
      is attached while perf_event itself could have been active already.
      There is no need to do similar treatment for event->prog, since it's
      assigned only once before it's accessed.
      Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      aa6a5f3c
  18. 26 7月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf, events: fix offset in skb copy handler · aa7145c1
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      This patch fixes the __output_custom() routine we currently use with
      bpf_skb_copy(). I missed that when len is larger than the size of the
      current handle, we can issue multiple invocations of copy_func, and
      __output_custom() advances destination but also source buffer by the
      written amount of bytes. When we have __output_custom(), this is actually
      wrong since in that case the source buffer points to a non-linear object,
      in our case an skb, which the copy_func helper is supposed to walk.
      Therefore, since this is non-linear we thus need to pass the offset into
      the helper, so that copy_func can use it for extracting the data from
      the source object.
      
      Therefore, adjust the callback signatures properly and pass offset
      into the skb_header_pointer() invoked from bpf_skb_copy() callback. The
      __DEFINE_OUTPUT_COPY_BODY() is adjusted to accommodate for two things:
      i) to pass in whether we should advance source buffer or not; this is
      a compile-time constant condition, ii) to pass in the offset for
      __output_custom(), which we do with help of __VA_ARGS__, so everything
      can stay inlined as is currently. Both changes allow for adapting the
      __output_* fast-path helpers w/o extra overhead.
      
      Fixes: 555c8a86 ("bpf: avoid stack copy and use skb ctx for event output")
      Fixes: 7e3f977e ("perf, events: add non-linear data support for raw records")
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      aa7145c1
  19. 21 7月, 2016 1 次提交
  20. 20 7月, 2016 1 次提交
  21. 16 7月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf: avoid stack copy and use skb ctx for event output · 555c8a86
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      This work addresses a couple of issues bpf_skb_event_output()
      helper currently has: i) We need two copies instead of just a
      single one for the skb data when it should be part of a sample.
      The data can be non-linear and thus needs to be extracted via
      bpf_skb_load_bytes() helper first, and then copied once again
      into the ring buffer slot. ii) Since bpf_skb_load_bytes()
      currently needs to be used first, the helper needs to see a
      constant size on the passed stack buffer to make sure BPF
      verifier can do sanity checks on it during verification time.
      Thus, just passing skb->len (or any other non-constant value)
      wouldn't work, but changing bpf_skb_load_bytes() is also not
      the proper solution, since the two copies are generally still
      needed. iii) bpf_skb_load_bytes() is just for rather small
      buffers like headers, since they need to sit on the limited
      BPF stack anyway. Instead of working around in bpf_skb_load_bytes(),
      this work improves the bpf_skb_event_output() helper to address
      all 3 at once.
      
      We can make use of the passed in skb context that we have in
      the helper anyway, and use some of the reserved flag bits as
      a length argument. The helper will use the new __output_custom()
      facility from perf side with bpf_skb_copy() as callback helper
      to walk and extract the data. It will pass the data for setup
      to bpf_event_output(), which generates and pushes the raw record
      with an additional frag part. The linear data used in the first
      frag of the record serves as programmatically defined meta data
      passed along with the appended sample.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      555c8a86
  22. 02 7月, 2016 2 次提交
    • D
      bpf: refactor bpf_prog_get and type check into helper · 113214be
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Since bpf_prog_get() and program type check is used in a couple of places,
      refactor this into a small helper function that we can make use of. Since
      the non RO prog->aux part is not used in performance critical paths and a
      program destruction via RCU is rather very unlikley when doing the put, we
      shouldn't have an issue just doing the bpf_prog_get() + prog->type != type
      check, but actually not taking the ref at all (due to being in fdget() /
      fdput() section of the bpf fd) is even cleaner and makes the diff smaller
      as well, so just go for that. Callsites are changed to make use of the new
      helper where possible.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      113214be
    • D
      bpf: generally move prog destruction to RCU deferral · 1aacde3d
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Jann Horn reported following analysis that could potentially result
      in a very hard to trigger (if not impossible) UAF race, to quote his
      event timeline:
      
       - Set up a process with threads T1, T2 and T3
       - Let T1 set up a socket filter F1 that invokes another filter F2
         through a BPF map [tail call]
       - Let T1 trigger the socket filter via a unix domain socket write,
         don't wait for completion
       - Let T2 call PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF with F2, don't wait for completion
       - Now T2 should be behind bpf_prog_get(), but before bpf_prog_put()
       - Let T3 close the file descriptor for F2, dropping the reference
         count of F2 to 2
       - At this point, T1 should have looked up F2 from the map, but not
         finished executing it
       - Let T3 remove F2 from the BPF map, dropping the reference count of
         F2 to 1
       - Now T2 should call bpf_prog_put() (wrong BPF program type), dropping
         the reference count of F2 to 0 and scheduling bpf_prog_free_deferred()
         via schedule_work()
       - At this point, the BPF program could be freed
       - BPF execution is still running in a freed BPF program
      
      While at PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF time it's only guaranteed that the perf
      event fd we're doing the syscall on doesn't disappear from underneath us
      for whole syscall time, it may not be the case for the bpf fd used as
      an argument only after we did the put. It needs to be a valid fd pointing
      to a BPF program at the time of the call to make the bpf_prog_get() and
      while T2 gets preempted, F2 must have dropped reference to 1 on the other
      CPU. The fput() from the close() in T3 should also add additionally delay
      to the reference drop via exit_task_work() when bpf_prog_release() gets
      called as well as scheduling bpf_prog_free_deferred().
      
      That said, it makes nevertheless sense to move the BPF prog destruction
      generally after RCU grace period to guarantee that such scenario above,
      but also others as recently fixed in ceb56070 ("bpf, perf: delay release
      of BPF prog after grace period") with regards to tail calls won't happen.
      Integrating bpf_prog_free_deferred() directly into the RCU callback is
      not allowed since the invocation might happen from either softirq or
      process context, so we're not permitted to block. Reviewing all bpf_prog_put()
      invocations from eBPF side (note, cBPF -> eBPF progs don't use this for
      their destruction) with call_rcu() look good to me.
      
      Since we don't know whether at the time of attaching the program, we're
      already part of a tail call map, we need to use RCU variant. However, due
      to this, there won't be severely more stress on the RCU callback queue:
      situations with above bpf_prog_get() and bpf_prog_put() combo in practice
      normally won't lead to releases, but even if they would, enough effort/
      cycles have to be put into loading a BPF program into the kernel already.
      Reported-by: NJann Horn <jannh@google.com>
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      1aacde3d
  23. 29 6月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf, perf: delay release of BPF prog after grace period · ceb56070
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Commit dead9f29 ("perf: Fix race in BPF program unregister") moved
      destruction of BPF program from free_event_rcu() callback to __free_event(),
      which is problematic if used with tail calls: if prog A is attached as
      trace event directly, but at the same time present in a tail call map used
      by another trace event program elsewhere, then we need to delay destruction
      via RCU grace period since it can still be in use by the program doing the
      tail call (the prog first needs to be dropped from the tail call map, then
      trace event with prog A attached destroyed, so we get immediate destruction).
      
      Fixes: dead9f29 ("perf: Fix race in BPF program unregister")
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Cc: Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      ceb56070
  24. 16 6月, 2016 4 次提交
    • D
      bpf, maps: flush own entries on perf map release · 3b1efb19
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      The behavior of perf event arrays are quite different from all
      others as they are tightly coupled to perf event fds, f.e. shown
      recently by commit e03e7ee3 ("perf/bpf: Convert perf_event_array
      to use struct file") to make refcounting on perf event more robust.
      A remaining issue that the current code still has is that since
      additions to the perf event array take a reference on the struct
      file via perf_event_get() and are only released via fput() (that
      cleans up the perf event eventually via perf_event_release_kernel())
      when the element is either manually removed from the map from user
      space or automatically when the last reference on the perf event
      map is dropped. However, this leads us to dangling struct file's
      when the map gets pinned after the application owning the perf
      event descriptor exits, and since the struct file reference will
      in such case only be manually dropped or via pinned file removal,
      it leads to the perf event living longer than necessary, consuming
      needlessly resources for that time.
      
      Relations between perf event fds and bpf perf event map fds can be
      rather complex. F.e. maps can act as demuxers among different perf
      event fds that can possibly be owned by different threads and based
      on the index selection from the program, events get dispatched to
      one of the per-cpu fd endpoints. One perf event fd (or, rather a
      per-cpu set of them) can also live in multiple perf event maps at
      the same time, listening for events. Also, another requirement is
      that perf event fds can get closed from application side after they
      have been attached to the perf event map, so that on exit perf event
      map will take care of dropping their references eventually. Likewise,
      when such maps are pinned, the intended behavior is that a user
      application does bpf_obj_get(), puts its fds in there and on exit
      when fd is released, they are dropped from the map again, so the map
      acts rather as connector endpoint. This also makes perf event maps
      inherently different from program arrays as described in more detail
      in commit c9da161c ("bpf: fix clearing on persistent program
      array maps").
      
      To tackle this, map entries are marked by the map struct file that
      added the element to the map. And when the last reference to that map
      struct file is released from user space, then the tracked entries
      are purged from the map. This is okay, because new map struct files
      instances resp. frontends to the anon inode are provided via
      bpf_map_new_fd() that is called when we invoke bpf_obj_get_user()
      for retrieving a pinned map, but also when an initial instance is
      created via map_create(). The rest is resolved by the vfs layer
      automatically for us by keeping reference count on the map's struct
      file. Any concurrent updates on the map slot are fine as well, it
      just means that perf_event_fd_array_release() needs to delete less
      of its own entires.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      3b1efb19
    • D
      bpf, maps: extend map_fd_get_ptr arguments · d056a788
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      This patch extends map_fd_get_ptr() callback that is used by fd array
      maps, so that struct file pointer from the related map can be passed
      in. It's safe to remove map_update_elem() callback for the two maps since
      this is only allowed from syscall side, but not from eBPF programs for these
      two map types. Like in per-cpu map case, bpf_fd_array_map_update_elem()
      needs to be called directly here due to the extra argument.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      d056a788
    • D
      bpf, maps: add release callback · 61d1b6a4
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      Add a release callback for maps that is invoked when the last
      reference to its struct file is gone and the struct file about
      to be released by vfs. The handler will be used by fd array maps.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      61d1b6a4
    • A
      bpf: fix matching of data/data_end in verifier · 19de99f7
      Alexei Starovoitov 提交于
      The ctx structure passed into bpf programs is different depending on bpf
      program type. The verifier incorrectly marked ctx->data and ctx->data_end
      access based on ctx offset only. That caused loads in tracing programs
      int bpf_prog(struct pt_regs *ctx) { .. ctx->ax .. }
      to be incorrectly marked as PTR_TO_PACKET which later caused verifier
      to reject the program that was actually valid in tracing context.
      Fix this by doing program type specific matching of ctx offsets.
      
      Fixes: 969bf05e ("bpf: direct packet access")
      Reported-by: NSasha Goldshtein <goldshtn@gmail.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      19de99f7
  25. 11 6月, 2016 1 次提交
    • Z
      bpf: fix missing header inclusion · 002245cc
      Zi Shen Lim 提交于
      Commit 0fc174de ("ebpf: make internal bpf API independent of
      CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL ifdefs") introduced usage of ERR_PTR() in
      bpf_prog_get(), however did not include linux/err.h.
      
      Without this patch, when compiling arm64 BPF without CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL:
      ...
      In file included from arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c:21:0:
      include/linux/bpf.h: In function 'bpf_prog_get':
      include/linux/bpf.h:235:9: error: implicit declaration of function 'ERR_PTR' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
        return ERR_PTR(-EOPNOTSUPP);
               ^
      include/linux/bpf.h:235:9: warning: return makes pointer from integer without a cast [-Wint-conversion]
      In file included from include/linux/rwsem.h:17:0,
                       from include/linux/mm_types.h:10,
                       from include/linux/sched.h:27,
                       from arch/arm64/include/asm/compat.h:25,
                       from arch/arm64/include/asm/stat.h:23,
                       from include/linux/stat.h:5,
                       from include/linux/compat.h:12,
                       from include/linux/filter.h:10,
                       from arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c:22:
      include/linux/err.h: At top level:
      include/linux/err.h:23:35: error: conflicting types for 'ERR_PTR'
       static inline void * __must_check ERR_PTR(long error)
                                         ^
      In file included from arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c:21:0:
      include/linux/bpf.h:235:9: note: previous implicit declaration of 'ERR_PTR' was here
        return ERR_PTR(-EOPNOTSUPP);
               ^
      ...
      
      Fixes: 0fc174de ("ebpf: make internal bpf API independent of CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL ifdefs")
      Suggested-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Signed-off-by: NZi Shen Lim <zlim.lnx@gmail.com>
      Acked-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      002245cc
  26. 29 4月, 2016 1 次提交
  27. 20 4月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf: add event output helper for notifications/sampling/logging · bd570ff9
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      This patch adds a new helper for cls/act programs that can push events
      to user space applications. For networking, this can be f.e. for sampling,
      debugging, logging purposes or pushing of arbitrary wake-up events. The
      idea is similar to a43eec30 ("bpf: introduce bpf_perf_event_output()
      helper") and 39111695 ("samples: bpf: add bpf_perf_event_output example").
      
      The eBPF program utilizes a perf event array map that user space populates
      with fds from perf_event_open(), the eBPF program calls into the helper
      f.e. as skb_event_output(skb, &my_map, BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU, raw, sizeof(raw))
      so that the raw data is pushed into the fd f.e. at the map index of the
      current CPU.
      
      User space can poll/mmap/etc on this and has a data channel for receiving
      events that can be post-processed. The nice thing is that since the eBPF
      program and user space application making use of it are tightly coupled,
      they can define their own arbitrary raw data format and what/when they
      want to push.
      
      While f.e. packet headers could be one part of the meta data that is being
      pushed, this is not a substitute for things like packet sockets as whole
      packet is not being pushed and push is only done in a single direction.
      Intention is more of a generically usable, efficient event pipe to applications.
      Workflow is that tc can pin the map and applications can attach themselves
      e.g. after cls/act setup to one or multiple map slots, demuxing is done by
      the eBPF program.
      
      Adding this facility is with minimal effort, it reuses the helper
      introduced in a43eec30 ("bpf: introduce bpf_perf_event_output() helper")
      and we get its functionality for free by overloading its BPF_FUNC_ identifier
      for cls/act programs, ctx is currently unused, but will be made use of in
      future. Example will be added to iproute2's BPF example files.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      bd570ff9
  28. 15 4月, 2016 1 次提交
    • D
      bpf, verifier: add ARG_PTR_TO_RAW_STACK type · 435faee1
      Daniel Borkmann 提交于
      When passing buffers from eBPF stack space into a helper function, we have
      ARG_PTR_TO_STACK argument type for helpers available. The verifier makes sure
      that such buffers are initialized, within boundaries, etc.
      
      However, the downside with this is that we have a couple of helper functions
      such as bpf_skb_load_bytes() that fill out the passed buffer in the expected
      success case anyway, so zero initializing them prior to the helper call is
      unneeded/wasted instructions in the eBPF program that can be avoided.
      
      Therefore, add a new helper function argument type called ARG_PTR_TO_RAW_STACK.
      The idea is to skip the STACK_MISC check in check_stack_boundary() and color
      the related stack slots as STACK_MISC after we checked all call arguments.
      
      Helper functions using ARG_PTR_TO_RAW_STACK must make sure that every path of
      the helper function will fill the provided buffer area, so that we cannot leak
      any uninitialized stack memory. This f.e. means that error paths need to
      memset() the buffers, but the expected fast-path doesn't have to do this
      anymore.
      
      Since there's no such helper needing more than at most one ARG_PTR_TO_RAW_STACK
      argument, we can keep it simple and don't need to check for multiple areas.
      Should in future such a use-case really appear, we have check_raw_mode() that
      will make sure we implement support for it first.
      Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      435faee1
  29. 08 4月, 2016 2 次提交
  30. 09 3月, 2016 3 次提交
    • A
      bpf: convert stackmap to pre-allocation · 557c0c6e
      Alexei Starovoitov 提交于
      It was observed that calling bpf_get_stackid() from a kprobe inside
      slub or from spin_unlock causes similar deadlock as with hashmap,
      therefore convert stackmap to use pre-allocated memory.
      
      The call_rcu is no longer feasible mechanism, since delayed freeing
      causes bpf_get_stackid() to fail unpredictably when number of actual
      stacks is significantly less than user requested max_entries.
      Since elements are no longer freed into slub, we can push elements into
      freelist immediately and let them be recycled.
      However the very unlikley race between user space map_lookup() and
      program-side recycling is possible:
           cpu0                          cpu1
           ----                          ----
      user does lookup(stackidX)
      starts copying ips into buffer
                                         delete(stackidX)
                                         calls bpf_get_stackid()
      				   which recyles the element and
                                         overwrites with new stack trace
      
      To avoid user space seeing a partial stack trace consisting of two
      merged stack traces, do bucket = xchg(, NULL); copy; xchg(,bucket);
      to preserve consistent stack trace delivery to user space.
      Now we can move memset(,0) of left-over element value from critical
      path of bpf_get_stackid() into slow-path of user space lookup.
      Also disallow lookup() from bpf program, since it's useless and
      program shouldn't be messing with collected stack trace.
      
      Note that similar race between user space lookup and kernel side updates
      is also present in hashmap, but it's not a new race. bpf programs were
      always allowed to modify hash and array map elements while user space
      is copying them.
      
      Fixes: d5a3b1f6 ("bpf: introduce BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE")
      Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      557c0c6e
    • A
      bpf: pre-allocate hash map elements · 6c905981
      Alexei Starovoitov 提交于
      If kprobe is placed on spin_unlock then calling kmalloc/kfree from
      bpf programs is not safe, since the following dead lock is possible:
      kfree->spin_lock(kmem_cache_node->lock)...spin_unlock->kprobe->
      bpf_prog->map_update->kmalloc->spin_lock(of the same kmem_cache_node->lock)
      and deadlocks.
      
      The following solutions were considered and some implemented, but
      eventually discarded
      - kmem_cache_create for every map
      - add recursion check to slow-path of slub
      - use reserved memory in bpf_map_update for in_irq or in preempt_disabled
      - kmalloc via irq_work
      
      At the end pre-allocation of all map elements turned out to be the simplest
      solution and since the user is charged upfront for all the memory, such
      pre-allocation doesn't affect the user space visible behavior.
      
      Since it's impossible to tell whether kprobe is triggered in a safe
      location from kmalloc point of view, use pre-allocation by default
      and introduce new BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC flag.
      
      While testing of per-cpu hash maps it was discovered
      that alloc_percpu(GFP_ATOMIC) has odd corner cases and often
      fails to allocate memory even when 90% of it is free.
      The pre-allocation of per-cpu hash elements solves this problem as well.
      
      Turned out that bpf_map_update() quickly followed by
      bpf_map_lookup()+bpf_map_delete() is very common pattern used
      in many of iovisor/bcc/tools, so there is additional benefit of
      pre-allocation, since such use cases are must faster.
      
      Since all hash map elements are now pre-allocated we can remove
      atomic increment of htab->count and save few more cycles.
      
      Also add bpf_map_precharge_memlock() to check rlimit_memlock early to avoid
      large malloc/free done by users who don't have sufficient limits.
      
      Pre-allocation is done with vmalloc and alloc/free is done
      via percpu_freelist. Here are performance numbers for different
      pre-allocation algorithms that were implemented, but discarded
      in favor of percpu_freelist:
      
      1 cpu:
      pcpu_ida	2.1M
      pcpu_ida nolock	2.3M
      bt		2.4M
      kmalloc		1.8M
      hlist+spinlock	2.3M
      pcpu_freelist	2.6M
      
      4 cpu:
      pcpu_ida	1.5M
      pcpu_ida nolock	1.8M
      bt w/smp_align	1.7M
      bt no/smp_align	1.1M
      kmalloc		0.7M
      hlist+spinlock	0.2M
      pcpu_freelist	2.0M
      
      8 cpu:
      pcpu_ida	0.7M
      bt w/smp_align	0.8M
      kmalloc		0.4M
      pcpu_freelist	1.5M
      
      32 cpu:
      kmalloc		0.13M
      pcpu_freelist	0.49M
      
      pcpu_ida nolock is a modified percpu_ida algorithm without
      percpu_ida_cpu locks and without cross-cpu tag stealing.
      It's faster than existing percpu_ida, but not as fast as pcpu_freelist.
      
      bt is a variant of block/blk-mq-tag.c simlified and customized
      for bpf use case. bt w/smp_align is using cache line for every 'long'
      (similar to blk-mq-tag). bt no/smp_align allocates 'long'
      bitmasks continuously to save memory. It's comparable to percpu_ida
      and in some cases faster, but slower than percpu_freelist
      
      hlist+spinlock is the simplest free list with single spinlock.
      As expeceted it has very bad scaling in SMP.
      
      kmalloc is existing implementation which is still available via
      BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC flag. It's significantly slower in single cpu and
      in 8 cpu setup it's 3 times slower than pre-allocation with pcpu_freelist,
      but saves memory, so in cases where map->max_entries can be large
      and number of map update/delete per second is low, it may make
      sense to use it.
      Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      6c905981
    • A
      bpf: prevent kprobe+bpf deadlocks · b121d1e7
      Alexei Starovoitov 提交于
      if kprobe is placed within update or delete hash map helpers
      that hold bucket spin lock and triggered bpf program is trying to
      grab the spinlock for the same bucket on the same cpu, it will
      deadlock.
      Fix it by extending existing recursion prevention mechanism.
      
      Note, map_lookup and other tracing helpers don't have this problem,
      since they don't hold any locks and don't modify global data.
      bpf_trace_printk has its own recursive check and ok as well.
      Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      b121d1e7