1. 12 2月, 2015 11 次提交
    • V
      mm: always steal split buddies in fallback allocations · 3a1086fb
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      When allocation falls back to another migratetype, it will steal a page
      with highest available order, and (depending on this order and desired
      migratetype), it might also steal the rest of free pages from the same
      pageblock.
      
      Given the preference of highest available order, it is likely that it will
      be higher than the desired order, and result in the stolen buddy page
      being split.  The remaining pages after split are currently stolen only
      when the rest of the free pages are stolen.  This can however lead to
      situations where for MOVABLE allocations we split e.g.  order-4 fallback
      UNMOVABLE page, but steal only order-0 page.  Then on the next MOVABLE
      allocation (which may be batched to fill the pcplists) we split another
      order-3 or higher page, etc.  By stealing all pages that we have split, we
      can avoid further stealing.
      
      This patch therefore adjusts the page stealing so that buddy pages created
      by split are always stolen.  This has effect only on MOVABLE allocations,
      as RECLAIMABLE and UNMOVABLE allocations already always do that in
      addition to stealing the rest of free pages from the pageblock.  The
      change also allows to simplify try_to_steal_freepages() and factor out CMA
      handling.
      
      According to Mel, it has been intended since the beginning that buddy
      pages after split would be stolen always, but it doesn't seem like it was
      ever the case until commit 47118af0 ("mm: mmzone: MIGRATE_CMA
      migration type added").  The commit has unintentionally introduced this
      behavior, but was reverted by commit 0cbef29a ("mm:
      __rmqueue_fallback() should respect pageblock type").  Neither included
      evaluation.
      
      My evaluation with stress-highalloc from mmtests shows about 2.5x
      reduction of page stealing events for MOVABLE allocations, without
      affecting the page stealing events for other allocation migratetypes.
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      3a1086fb
    • V
      mm: when stealing freepages, also take pages created by splitting buddy page · 99592d59
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      When studying page stealing, I noticed some weird looking decisions in
      try_to_steal_freepages().  The first I assume is a bug (Patch 1), the
      following two patches were driven by evaluation.
      
      Testing was done with stress-highalloc of mmtests, using the
      mm_page_alloc_extfrag tracepoint and postprocessing to get counts of how
      often page stealing occurs for individual migratetypes, and what
      migratetypes are used for fallbacks.  Arguably, the worst case of page
      stealing is when UNMOVABLE allocation steals from MOVABLE pageblock.
      RECLAIMABLE allocation stealing from MOVABLE allocation is also not ideal,
      so the goal is to minimize these two cases.
      
      The evaluation of v2 wasn't always clear win and Joonsoo questioned the
      results.  Here I used different baseline which includes RFC compaction
      improvements from [1].  I found that the compaction improvements reduce
      variability of stress-highalloc, so there's less noise in the data.
      
      First, let's look at stress-highalloc configured to do sync compaction,
      and how these patches reduce page stealing events during the test.  First
      column is after fresh reboot, other two are reiterations of test without
      reboot.  That was all accumulater over 5 re-iterations (so the benchmark
      was run 5x3 times with 5 fresh restarts).
      
      Baseline:
      
                                                         3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                        5-nothp-1       5-nothp-2       5-nothp-3
      Page alloc extfrag event                               10264225     8702233    10244125
      Extfrag fragmenting                                    10263271     8701552    10243473
      Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                         13595       17616       15960
      Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          7989       12193        8447
      Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         658        1840        1817
      Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         558        1677        1679
      Extfrag fragmenting for movable                        10249018     8682096    10225696
      
      With Patch 1:
                                                         3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                        6-nothp-1       6-nothp-2       6-nothp-3
      Page alloc extfrag event                               11834954     9877523     9774860
      Extfrag fragmenting                                    11833993     9876880     9774245
      Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          7342       16129       11712
      Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          4191       10547        6270
      Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         373        1130         923
      Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         302         906         738
      Extfrag fragmenting for movable                        11826278     9859621     9761610
      
      With Patch 2:
                                                         3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                        7-nothp-1       7-nothp-2       7-nothp-3
      Page alloc extfrag event                                4725990     3668793     3807436
      Extfrag fragmenting                                     4725104     3668252     3806898
      Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          6678        7974        7281
      Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          2051        3829        4017
      Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         429        1208        1278
      Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         369         976        1034
      Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         4717997     3659070     3798339
      
      With Patch 3:
                                                         3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                        8-nothp-1       8-nothp-2       8-nothp-3
      Page alloc extfrag event                                5016183     4700142     3850633
      Extfrag fragmenting                                     5015325     4699613     3850072
      Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          1312        3154        3088
      Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          1115        2777        2714
      Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         437        1193        1097
      Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         330         969         879
      Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         5013576     4695266     3845887
      
      In v2 we've seen apparent regression with Patch 1 for unmovable events,
      this is now gone, suggesting it was indeed noise.  Here, each patch
      improves the situation for unmovable events.  Reclaimable is improved by
      patch 1 and then either the same modulo noise, or perhaps sligtly worse -
      a small price for unmovable improvements, IMHO.  The number of movable
      allocations falling back to other migratetypes is most noisy, but it's
      reduced to half at Patch 2 nevertheless.  These are least critical as
      compaction can move them around.
      
      If we look at success rates, the patches don't affect them, that didn't change.
      
      Baseline:
                                   3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4
                                  5-nothp-1             5-nothp-2             5-nothp-3
      Success 1 Min         49.00 (  0.00%)       42.00 ( 14.29%)       41.00 ( 16.33%)
      Success 1 Mean        51.00 (  0.00%)       45.00 ( 11.76%)       42.60 ( 16.47%)
      Success 1 Max         55.00 (  0.00%)       51.00 (  7.27%)       46.00 ( 16.36%)
      Success 2 Min         53.00 (  0.00%)       47.00 ( 11.32%)       44.00 ( 16.98%)
      Success 2 Mean        59.60 (  0.00%)       50.80 ( 14.77%)       48.20 ( 19.13%)
      Success 2 Max         64.00 (  0.00%)       56.00 ( 12.50%)       52.00 ( 18.75%)
      Success 3 Min         84.00 (  0.00%)       82.00 (  2.38%)       78.00 (  7.14%)
      Success 3 Mean        85.60 (  0.00%)       82.80 (  3.27%)       79.40 (  7.24%)
      Success 3 Max         86.00 (  0.00%)       83.00 (  3.49%)       80.00 (  6.98%)
      
      Patch 1:
                                   3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4
                                  6-nothp-1             6-nothp-2             6-nothp-3
      Success 1 Min         49.00 (  0.00%)       44.00 ( 10.20%)       44.00 ( 10.20%)
      Success 1 Mean        51.80 (  0.00%)       46.00 ( 11.20%)       45.80 ( 11.58%)
      Success 1 Max         54.00 (  0.00%)       49.00 (  9.26%)       49.00 (  9.26%)
      Success 2 Min         58.00 (  0.00%)       49.00 ( 15.52%)       48.00 ( 17.24%)
      Success 2 Mean        60.40 (  0.00%)       51.80 ( 14.24%)       50.80 ( 15.89%)
      Success 2 Max         63.00 (  0.00%)       54.00 ( 14.29%)       55.00 ( 12.70%)
      Success 3 Min         84.00 (  0.00%)       81.00 (  3.57%)       79.00 (  5.95%)
      Success 3 Mean        85.00 (  0.00%)       81.60 (  4.00%)       79.80 (  6.12%)
      Success 3 Max         86.00 (  0.00%)       82.00 (  4.65%)       82.00 (  4.65%)
      
      Patch 2:
      
                                   3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4
                                  7-nothp-1             7-nothp-2             7-nothp-3
      Success 1 Min         50.00 (  0.00%)       44.00 ( 12.00%)       39.00 ( 22.00%)
      Success 1 Mean        52.80 (  0.00%)       45.60 ( 13.64%)       42.40 ( 19.70%)
      Success 1 Max         55.00 (  0.00%)       46.00 ( 16.36%)       47.00 ( 14.55%)
      Success 2 Min         52.00 (  0.00%)       48.00 (  7.69%)       45.00 ( 13.46%)
      Success 2 Mean        53.40 (  0.00%)       49.80 (  6.74%)       48.80 (  8.61%)
      Success 2 Max         57.00 (  0.00%)       52.00 (  8.77%)       52.00 (  8.77%)
      Success 3 Min         84.00 (  0.00%)       81.00 (  3.57%)       79.00 (  5.95%)
      Success 3 Mean        85.00 (  0.00%)       82.40 (  3.06%)       79.60 (  6.35%)
      Success 3 Max         86.00 (  0.00%)       83.00 (  3.49%)       80.00 (  6.98%)
      
      Patch 3:
                                   3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4
                                  8-nothp-1             8-nothp-2             8-nothp-3
      Success 1 Min         46.00 (  0.00%)       44.00 (  4.35%)       42.00 (  8.70%)
      Success 1 Mean        50.20 (  0.00%)       45.60 (  9.16%)       44.00 ( 12.35%)
      Success 1 Max         52.00 (  0.00%)       47.00 (  9.62%)       47.00 (  9.62%)
      Success 2 Min         53.00 (  0.00%)       49.00 (  7.55%)       48.00 (  9.43%)
      Success 2 Mean        55.80 (  0.00%)       50.60 (  9.32%)       49.00 ( 12.19%)
      Success 2 Max         59.00 (  0.00%)       52.00 ( 11.86%)       51.00 ( 13.56%)
      Success 3 Min         84.00 (  0.00%)       80.00 (  4.76%)       79.00 (  5.95%)
      Success 3 Mean        85.40 (  0.00%)       81.60 (  4.45%)       80.40 (  5.85%)
      Success 3 Max         87.00 (  0.00%)       83.00 (  4.60%)       82.00 (  5.75%)
      
      While there's no improvement here, I consider reduced fragmentation events
      to be worth on its own.  Patch 2 also seems to reduce scanning for free
      pages, and migrations in compaction, suggesting it has somewhat less work
      to do:
      
      Patch 1:
      
      Compaction stalls                 4153        3959        3978
      Compaction success                1523        1441        1446
      Compaction failures               2630        2517        2531
      Page migrate success           4600827     4943120     5104348
      Page migrate failure             19763       16656       17806
      Compaction pages isolated      9597640    10305617    10653541
      Compaction migrate scanned    77828948    86533283    87137064
      Compaction free scanned      517758295   521312840   521462251
      Compaction cost                   5503        5932        6110
      
      Patch 2:
      
      Compaction stalls                 3800        3450        3518
      Compaction success                1421        1316        1317
      Compaction failures               2379        2134        2201
      Page migrate success           4160421     4502708     4752148
      Page migrate failure             19705       14340       14911
      Compaction pages isolated      8731983     9382374     9910043
      Compaction migrate scanned    98362797    96349194    98609686
      Compaction free scanned      496512560   469502017   480442545
      Compaction cost                   5173        5526        5811
      
      As with v2, /proc/pagetypeinfo appears unaffected with respect to numbers
      of unmovable and reclaimable pageblocks.
      
      Configuring the benchmark to allocate like THP page fault (i.e.  no sync
      compaction) gives much noisier results for iterations 2 and 3 after
      reboot.  This is not so surprising given how [1] offers lower improvements
      in this scenario due to less restarts after deferred compaction which
      would change compaction pivot.
      
      Baseline:
                                                         3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                          5-thp-1         5-thp-2         5-thp-3
      Page alloc extfrag event                                8148965     6227815     6646741
      Extfrag fragmenting                                     8147872     6227130     6646117
      Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                         10324       12942       15975
      Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          5972        8495       10907
      Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         601        1707        2210
      Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         520        1570        2000
      Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         8136947     6212481     6627932
      
      Patch 1:
                                                         3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                          6-thp-1         6-thp-2         6-thp-3
      Page alloc extfrag event                                8345457     7574471     7020419
      Extfrag fragmenting                                     8343546     7573777     7019718
      Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                         10256       18535       30716
      Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          6893       11726       22181
      Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         465        1208        1023
      Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         353         996         843
      Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         8332825     7554034     6987979
      
      Patch 2:
                                                         3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                          7-thp-1         7-thp-2         7-thp-3
      Page alloc extfrag event                                3512847     3020756     2891625
      Extfrag fragmenting                                     3511940     3020185     2891059
      Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          9017        6892        6191
      Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          1524        3053        2435
      Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         445        1081        1160
      Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         375         918         986
      Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         3502478     3012212     2883708
      
      Patch 3:
                                                         3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                          8-thp-1         8-thp-2         8-thp-3
      Page alloc extfrag event                                3181699     3082881     2674164
      Extfrag fragmenting                                     3180812     3082303     2673611
      Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          1201        4031        4040
      Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable           974        3611        3645
      Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         478        1165        1294
      Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         387         985        1030
      Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         3179133     3077107     2668277
      
      The improvements for first iteration are clear, the rest is much noisier
      and can appear like regression for Patch 1.  Anyway, patch 2 rectifies it.
      
      Allocation success rates are again unaffected so there's no point in
      making this e-mail any longer.
      
      [1] http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=142166196321125&w=2
      
      This patch (of 3):
      
      When __rmqueue_fallback() is called to allocate a page of order X, it will
      find a page of order Y >= X of a fallback migratetype, which is different
      from the desired migratetype.  With the help of try_to_steal_freepages(),
      it may change the migratetype (to the desired one) also of:
      
      1) all currently free pages in the pageblock containing the fallback page
      2) the fallback pageblock itself
      3) buddy pages created by splitting the fallback page (when Y > X)
      
      These decisions take the order Y into account, as well as the desired
      migratetype, with the goal of preventing multiple fallback allocations
      that could e.g.  distribute UNMOVABLE allocations among multiple
      pageblocks.
      
      Originally, decision for 1) has implied the decision for 3).  Commit
      47118af0 ("mm: mmzone: MIGRATE_CMA migration type added") changed that
      (probably unintentionally) so that the buddy pages in case 3) are always
      changed to the desired migratetype, except for CMA pageblocks.
      
      Commit fef903ef ("mm/page_allo.c: restructure free-page stealing code
      and fix a bug") did some refactoring and added a comment that the case of
      3) is intended.  Commit 0cbef29a ("mm: __rmqueue_fallback() should
      respect pageblock type") removed the comment and tried to restore the
      original behavior where 1) implies 3), but due to the previous
      refactoring, the result is instead that only 2) implies 3) - and the
      conditions for 2) are less frequently met than conditions for 1).  This
      may increase fragmentation in situations where the code decides to steal
      all free pages from the pageblock (case 1)), but then gives back the buddy
      pages produced by splitting.
      
      This patch restores the original intended logic where 1) implies 3).
      During testing with stress-highalloc from mmtests, this has shown to
      decrease the number of events where UNMOVABLE and RECLAIMABLE allocations
      steal from MOVABLE pageblocks, which can lead to permanent fragmentation.
      In some cases it has increased the number of events when MOVABLE
      allocations steal from UNMOVABLE or RECLAIMABLE pageblocks, but these are
      fixable by sync compaction and thus less harmful.
      
      Note that evaluation has shown that the behavior introduced by
      47118af0 for buddy pages in case 3) is actually even better than the
      original logic, so the following patch will introduce it properly once
      again.  For stable backports of this patch it makes thus sense to only fix
      versions containing 0cbef29a.
      
      [iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: tracepoint fix]
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[3.13+ containing 0cbef29a]
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      99592d59
    • M
      oom, PM: make OOM detection in the freezer path raceless · c32b3cbe
      Michal Hocko 提交于
      Commit 5695be14 ("OOM, PM: OOM killed task shouldn't escape PM
      suspend") has left a race window when OOM killer manages to
      note_oom_kill after freeze_processes checks the counter.  The race
      window is quite small and really unlikely and partial solution deemed
      sufficient at the time of submission.
      
      Tejun wasn't happy about this partial solution though and insisted on a
      full solution.  That requires the full OOM and freezer's task freezing
      exclusion, though.  This is done by this patch which introduces oom_sem
      RW lock and turns oom_killer_disable() into a full OOM barrier.
      
      oom_killer_disabled check is moved from the allocation path to the OOM
      level and we take oom_sem for reading for both the check and the whole
      OOM invocation.
      
      oom_killer_disable() takes oom_sem for writing so it waits for all
      currently running OOM killer invocations.  Then it disable all the further
      OOMs by setting oom_killer_disabled and checks for any oom victims.
      Victims are counted via mark_tsk_oom_victim resp.  unmark_oom_victim.  The
      last victim wakes up all waiters enqueued by oom_killer_disable().
      Therefore this function acts as the full OOM barrier.
      
      The page fault path is covered now as well although it was assumed to be
      safe before.  As per Tejun, "We used to have freezing points deep in file
      system code which may be reacheable from page fault." so it would be
      better and more robust to not rely on freezing points here.  Same applies
      to the memcg OOM killer.
      
      out_of_memory tells the caller whether the OOM was allowed to trigger and
      the callers are supposed to handle the situation.  The page allocation
      path simply fails the allocation same as before.  The page fault path will
      retry the fault (more on that later) and Sysrq OOM trigger will simply
      complain to the log.
      
      Normally there wouldn't be any unfrozen user tasks after
      try_to_freeze_tasks so the function will not block. But if there was an
      OOM killer racing with try_to_freeze_tasks and the OOM victim didn't
      finish yet then we have to wait for it. This should complete in a finite
      time, though, because
      
      	- the victim cannot loop in the page fault handler (it would die
      	  on the way out from the exception)
      	- it cannot loop in the page allocator because all the further
      	  allocation would fail and __GFP_NOFAIL allocations are not
      	  acceptable at this stage
      	- it shouldn't be blocked on any locks held by frozen tasks
      	  (try_to_freeze expects lockless context) and kernel threads and
      	  work queues are not frozen yet
      Signed-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Suggested-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
      Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      c32b3cbe
    • J
      mm: use correct format specifiers when printing address ranges · 8d29e18a
      Juergen Gross 提交于
      Especially on 32 bit kernels memory node ranges are printed with 32 bit
      wide addresses only.  Use u64 types and %llx specifiers to print full
      width of addresses.
      Signed-off-by: NJuergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      8d29e18a
    • K
      mm: more checks on free_pages_prepare() for tail pages · 81422f29
      Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于
      Although it was not called, destroy_compound_page() did some potentially
      useful checks.  Let's re-introduce them in free_pages_prepare(), where
      they can be actually triggered when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y.
      
      compound_order() assert is already in free_pages_prepare().  We have few
      checks for tail pages left.
      Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
      Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      81422f29
    • K
      mm/page_alloc.c: drop dead destroy_compound_page() · 6e9f0d58
      Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于
      The only caller is __free_one_page(). By the time we should have
      page->flags to be cleared already:
      
       - for 0-order pages though PCP list:
      	free_hot_cold_page()
      		free_pages_prepare()
      			free_pages_check()
      				page->flags &= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
      		<put the page to PCP list>
      
      	free_pcppages_bulk()
      		page = <withdraw pages from PCP list>
      		__free_one_page(page)
      
       - for non-0-order pages:
      	__free_pages_ok()
      		free_pages_prepare()
      			free_pages_check()
      				page->flags &= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
      		free_one_page()
      			__free_one_page()
      
      So there's no way PageCompound() will return true in __free_one_page().
      Let's remove dead destroy_compound_page() and put assert for page->flags
      there instead.
      Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
      Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      6e9f0d58
    • V
      mm: reduce try_to_compact_pages parameters · 1a6d53a1
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      Expand the usage of the struct alloc_context introduced in the previous
      patch also for calling try_to_compact_pages(), to reduce the number of its
      parameters.  Since the function is in different compilation unit, we need
      to move alloc_context definition in the shared mm/internal.h header.
      
      With this change we get simpler code and small savings of code size and stack
      usage:
      
      add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-27 (-27)
      function                                     old     new   delta
      __alloc_pages_direct_compact                 283     256     -27
      add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-13 (-13)
      function                                     old     new   delta
      try_to_compact_pages                         582     569     -13
      
      Stack usage of __alloc_pages_direct_compact goes from 24 to none (per
      scripts/checkstack.pl).
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      1a6d53a1
    • V
      mm, page_alloc: reduce number of alloc_pages* functions' parameters · a9263751
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      Introduce struct alloc_context to accumulate the numerous parameters
      passed between the alloc_pages* family of functions and
      get_page_from_freelist().  This excludes gfp_flags and alloc_info, which
      mutate too much along the way, and allocation order, which is conceptually
      different.
      
      The result is shorter function signatures, as well as overal code size and
      stack usage reductions.
      
      bloat-o-meter:
      
      add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 1/2 up/down: 127/-310 (-183)
      function                                     old     new   delta
      get_page_from_freelist                      2525    2652    +127
      __alloc_pages_direct_compact                 329     283     -46
      __alloc_pages_nodemask                      2564    2300    -264
      
      checkstack.pl:
      
      function                            old    new
      __alloc_pages_nodemask              248    200
      get_page_from_freelist              168    184
      __alloc_pages_direct_compact         40     24
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      a9263751
    • V
      mm: set page->pfmemalloc in prep_new_page() · 75379191
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      The possibility of replacing the numerous parameters of alloc_pages*
      functions with a single structure has been discussed when Minchan proposed
      to expand the x86 kernel stack [1].  This series implements the change,
      along with few more cleanups/microoptimizations.
      
      The series is based on next-20150108 and I used gcc 4.8.3 20140627 on
      openSUSE 13.2 for compiling.  Config includess NUMA and COMPACTION.
      
      The core change is the introduction of a new struct alloc_context, which looks
      like this:
      
      struct alloc_context {
              struct zonelist *zonelist;
              nodemask_t *nodemask;
              struct zone *preferred_zone;
              int classzone_idx;
              int migratetype;
              enum zone_type high_zoneidx;
      };
      
      All the contents is mostly constant, except that __alloc_pages_slowpath()
      changes preferred_zone, classzone_idx and potentially zonelist.  But
      that's not a problem in case control returns to retry_cpuset: in
      __alloc_pages_nodemask(), those will be reset to initial values again
      (although it's a bit subtle).  On the other hand, gfp_flags and alloc_info
      mutate so much that it doesn't make sense to put them into alloc_context.
      Still, the result is one parameter instead of up to 7.  This is all in
      Patch 2.
      
      Patch 3 is a step to expand alloc_context usage out of page_alloc.c
      itself.  The function try_to_compact_pages() can also much benefit from
      the parameter reduction, but it means the struct definition has to be
      moved to a shared header.
      
      Patch 1 should IMHO be included even if the rest is deemed not useful
      enough.  It improves maintainability and also has some code/stack
      reduction.  Patch 4 is OTOH a tiny optimization.
      
      Overall bloat-o-meter results:
      
      add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/4 up/down: 0/-460 (-460)
      function                                     old     new   delta
      nr_free_zone_pages                           129     115     -14
      __alloc_pages_direct_compact                 329     256     -73
      get_page_from_freelist                      2670    2576     -94
      __alloc_pages_nodemask                      2564    2285    -279
      try_to_compact_pages                         582     579      -3
      
      Overall stack sizes per ./scripts/checkstack.pl:
      
                                old   new delta
      get_page_from_freelist:   184   184     0
      __alloc_pages_nodemask    248   200   -48
      __alloc_pages_direct_c     40     -   -40
      try_to_compact_pages       72    72     0
                                            -88
      
      [1] http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=140142462528257&w=2
      
      This patch (of 4):
      
      prep_new_page() sets almost everything in the struct page of the page
      being allocated, except page->pfmemalloc.  This is not obvious and has at
      least once led to a bug where page->pfmemalloc was forgotten to be set
      correctly, see commit 8fb74b9f ("mm: compaction: partially revert
      capture of suitable high-order page").
      
      This patch moves the pfmemalloc setting to prep_new_page(), which means it
      needs to gain alloc_flags parameter.  The call to prep_new_page is moved
      from buffered_rmqueue() to get_page_from_freelist(), which also leads to
      simpler code.  An obsolete comment for buffered_rmqueue() is replaced.
      
      In addition to better maintainability there is a small reduction of code
      and stack usage for get_page_from_freelist(), which inlines the other
      functions involved.
      
      add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-145 (-145)
      function                                     old     new   delta
      get_page_from_freelist                      2670    2525    -145
      
      Stack usage is reduced from 184 to 168 bytes.
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      75379191
    • X
      kmemcheck: move hook into __alloc_pages_nodemask() for the page allocator · 23f086f9
      Xishi Qiu 提交于
      Now kmemcheck_pagealloc_alloc() is only called by __alloc_pages_slowpath().
      __alloc_pages_nodemask()
      	__alloc_pages_slowpath()
      		kmemcheck_pagealloc_alloc()
      
      And the page will not be tracked by kmemcheck in the following path.
      __alloc_pages_nodemask()
      	get_page_from_freelist()
      
      So move kmemcheck_pagealloc_alloc() into __alloc_pages_nodemask(),
      like this:
      __alloc_pages_nodemask()
      	...
      	get_page_from_freelist()
      	if (!page)
      		__alloc_pages_slowpath()
      	kmemcheck_pagealloc_alloc()
      	...
      Signed-off-by: NXishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
      Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
      Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
      Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      23f086f9
    • A
      mm/page_alloc.c:__alloc_pages_nodemask(): don't alter arg gfp_mask · 91fbdc0f
      Andrew Morton 提交于
      __alloc_pages_nodemask() strips __GFP_IO when retrying the page
      allocation.  But it does this by altering the function-wide variable
      gfp_mask.  This will cause subsequent allocation attempts to inadvertently
      use the modified gfp_mask.
      
      Also, pass the correct mask (the mask we actually used) into
      trace_mm_page_alloc().
      
      Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Reviewed-by: NYasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      91fbdc0f
  2. 11 2月, 2015 1 次提交
    • W
      mm/page_alloc.c: place zone_id check before VM_BUG_ON_PAGE check · 4c5018ce
      Weijie Yang 提交于
      If the freeing page and its buddy page are not at the same zone, the
      current holding zone->lock for the freeing page cann't prevent buddy page
      getting allocated, this could trigger VM_BUG_ON_PAGE in page_is_buddy() at
      a very tiny chance, such as:
      
      cpu 0:						cpu 1:
      hold zone_1 lock
      check page and it buddy
      PageBuddy(buddy) is true			hold zone_2 lock
      page_order(buddy) == order is true		alloc buddy
      trigger VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(buddy) != 0)
      
      zone_1->lock prevents the freeing page getting allocated
      zone_2->lock prevents the buddy page getting allocated
      they are not the same zone->lock.
      
      If we can't remove the zone_id check statement, it's better handle this
      rare race.  This patch fixes this by placing the zone_id check before the
      VM_BUG_ON_PAGE check.
      Signed-off-by: NWeijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
      Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      4c5018ce
  3. 27 1月, 2015 1 次提交
    • J
      mm: page_alloc: embed OOM killing naturally into allocation slowpath · 9879de73
      Johannes Weiner 提交于
      The OOM killing invocation does a lot of duplicative checks against the
      task's allocation context.  Rework it to take advantage of the existing
      checks in the allocator slowpath.
      
      The OOM killer is invoked when the allocator is unable to reclaim any
      pages but the allocation has to keep looping.  Instead of having a check
      for __GFP_NORETRY hidden in oom_gfp_allowed(), just move the OOM
      invocation to the true branch of should_alloc_retry().  The __GFP_FS
      check from oom_gfp_allowed() can then be moved into the OOM avoidance
      branch in __alloc_pages_may_oom(), along with the PF_DUMPCORE test.
      
      __alloc_pages_may_oom() can then signal to the caller whether the OOM
      killer was invoked, instead of requiring it to duplicate the order and
      high_zoneidx checks to guess this when deciding whether to continue.
      Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      9879de73
  4. 19 12月, 2014 1 次提交
    • P
      mm: cma: split cma-reserved in dmesg log · e48322ab
      Pintu Kumar 提交于
      When the system boots up, in the dmesg logs we can see the memory
      statistics along with total reserved as below.  Memory: 458840k/458840k
      available, 65448k reserved, 0K highmem
      
      When CMA is enabled, still the total reserved memory remains the same.
      However, the CMA memory is not considered as reserved.  But, when we see
      /proc/meminfo, the CMA memory is part of free memory.  This creates
      confusion.  This patch corrects the problem by properly subtracting the
      CMA reserved memory from the total reserved memory in dmesg logs.
      
      Below is the dmesg snapshot from an arm based device with 512MB RAM and
      12MB single CMA region.
      
      Before this change:
        Memory: 458840k/458840k available, 65448k reserved, 0K highmem
      
      After this change:
        Memory: 458840k/458840k available, 53160k reserved, 12288k cma-reserved, 0K highmem
      Signed-off-by: NPintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com>
      Signed-off-by: NVishnu Pratap Singh <vishnu.ps@samsung.com>
      Acked-by: NMichal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
      Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
      Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      e48322ab
  5. 14 12月, 2014 7 次提交
    • Z
      mm: remove the highmem zones' memmap in the highmem zone · ba914f48
      Zhong Hongbo 提交于
      Since 01cefaef ("mm: provide more accurate estimation
      of pages occupied by memmap") allocate the pages from lowmem for the
      highmem zones' memmap. So It is not need to reserver the memmap's for
      the highmem.
      
      A 2G DDR3 for the arm platform:
      On node 0 totalpages: 524288
      free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat 80ccd380, node_mem_map 80d38000
        DMA zone: 3568 pages used for memmap
        DMA zone: 0 pages reserved
        DMA zone: 456704 pages, LIFO batch:31
        HighMem zone: 528 pages used for memmap
        HighMem zone: 67584 pages, LIFO batch:15
      
      On node 0 totalpages: 524288
      free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat 80cd6f40, node_mem_map 80d42000
        DMA zone: 3568 pages used for memmap
        DMA zone: 0 pages reserved
        DMA zone: 456704 pages, LIFO batch:31
        HighMem zone: 67584 pages, LIFO batch:15
      Signed-off-by: NHongbo Zhong <hongbo.zhong@gmail.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ba914f48
    • J
      mm: vmscan: invoke slab shrinkers from shrink_zone() · 6b4f7799
      Johannes Weiner 提交于
      The slab shrinkers are currently invoked from the zonelist walkers in
      kswapd, direct reclaim, and zone reclaim, all of which roughly gauge the
      eligible LRU pages and assemble a nodemask to pass to NUMA-aware
      shrinkers, which then again have to walk over the nodemask.  This is
      redundant code, extra runtime work, and fairly inaccurate when it comes to
      the estimation of actually scannable LRU pages.  The code duplication will
      only get worse when making the shrinkers cgroup-aware and requiring them
      to have out-of-band cgroup hierarchy walks as well.
      
      Instead, invoke the shrinkers from shrink_zone(), which is where all
      reclaimers end up, to avoid this duplication.
      
      Take the count for eligible LRU pages out of get_scan_count(), which
      considers many more factors than just the availability of swap space, like
      zone_reclaimable_pages() currently does.  Accumulate the number over all
      visited lruvecs to get the per-zone value.
      
      Some nodes have multiple zones due to memory addressing restrictions.  To
      avoid putting too much pressure on the shrinkers, only invoke them once
      for each such node, using the class zone of the allocation as the pivot
      zone.
      
      For now, this integrates the slab shrinking better into the reclaim logic
      and gets rid of duplicative invocations from kswapd, direct reclaim, and
      zone reclaim.  It also prepares for cgroup-awareness, allowing
      memcg-capable shrinkers to be added at the lruvec level without much
      duplication of both code and runtime work.
      
      This changes kswapd behavior, which used to invoke the shrinkers for each
      zone, but with scan ratios gathered from the entire node, resulting in
      meaningless pressure quantities on multi-zone nodes.
      
      Zone reclaim behavior also changes.  It used to shrink slabs until the
      same amount of pages were shrunk as were reclaimed from the LRUs.  Now it
      merely invokes the shrinkers once with the zone's scan ratio, which makes
      the shrinkers go easier on caches that implement aging and would prefer
      feeding back pressure from recently used slab objects to unused LRU pages.
      
      [vdavydov@parallels.com: assure class zone is populated]
      Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
      Signed-off-by: NVladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      6b4f7799
    • J
      mm/page_owner: keep track of page owners · 48c96a36
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      This is the page owner tracking code which is introduced so far ago.  It
      is resident on Andrew's tree, though, nobody tried to upstream so it
      remain as is.  Our company uses this feature actively to debug memory leak
      or to find a memory hogger so I decide to upstream this feature.
      
      This functionality help us to know who allocates the page.  When
      allocating a page, we store some information about allocation in extra
      memory.  Later, if we need to know status of all pages, we can get and
      analyze it from this stored information.
      
      In previous version of this feature, extra memory is statically defined in
      struct page, but, in this version, extra memory is allocated outside of
      struct page.  It enables us to turn on/off this feature at boottime
      without considerable memory waste.
      
      Although we already have tracepoint for tracing page allocation/free,
      using it to analyze page owner is rather complex.  We need to enlarge the
      trace buffer for preventing overlapping until userspace program launched.
      And, launched program continually dump out the trace buffer for later
      analysis and it would change system behaviour with more possibility rather
      than just keeping it in memory, so bad for debug.
      
      Moreover, we can use page_owner feature further for various purposes.  For
      example, we can use it for fragmentation statistics implemented in this
      patch.  And, I also plan to implement some CMA failure debugging feature
      using this interface.
      
      I'd like to give the credit for all developers contributed this feature,
      but, it's not easy because I don't know exact history.  Sorry about that.
      Below is people who has "Signed-off-by" in the patches in Andrew's tree.
      
      Contributor:
      Alexander Nyberg <alexn@dsv.su.se>
      Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
      Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      48c96a36
    • J
      mm/debug-pagealloc: make debug-pagealloc boottime configurable · 031bc574
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      Now, we have prepared to avoid using debug-pagealloc in boottime.  So
      introduce new kernel-parameter to disable debug-pagealloc in boottime, and
      makes related functions to be disabled in this case.
      
      Only non-intuitive part is change of guard page functions.  Because guard
      page is effective only if debug-pagealloc is enabled, turning off
      according to debug-pagealloc is reasonable thing to do.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
      Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      031bc574
    • J
      mm/debug-pagealloc: prepare boottime configurable on/off · e30825f1
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      Until now, debug-pagealloc needs extra flags in struct page, so we need to
      recompile whole source code when we decide to use it.  This is really
      painful, because it takes some time to recompile and sometimes rebuild is
      not possible due to third party module depending on struct page.  So, we
      can't use this good feature in many cases.
      
      Now, we have the page extension feature that allows us to insert extra
      flags to outside of struct page.  This gets rid of third party module
      issue mentioned above.  And, this allows us to determine if we need extra
      memory for this page extension in boottime.  With these property, we can
      avoid using debug-pagealloc in boottime with low computational overhead in
      the kernel built with CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC.  This will help our
      development process greatly.
      
      This patch is the preparation step to achive above goal.  debug-pagealloc
      originally uses extra field of struct page, but, after this patch, it will
      use field of struct page_ext.  Because memory for page_ext is allocated
      later than initialization of page allocator in CONFIG_SPARSEMEM, we should
      disable debug-pagealloc feature temporarily until initialization of
      page_ext.  This patch implements this.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
      Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      e30825f1
    • J
      mm/page_ext: resurrect struct page extending code for debugging · eefa864b
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      When we debug something, we'd like to insert some information to every
      page.  For this purpose, we sometimes modify struct page itself.  But,
      this has drawbacks.  First, it requires re-compile.  This makes us
      hesitate to use the powerful debug feature so development process is
      slowed down.  And, second, sometimes it is impossible to rebuild the
      kernel due to third party module dependency.  At third, system behaviour
      would be largely different after re-compile, because it changes size of
      struct page greatly and this structure is accessed by every part of
      kernel.  Keeping this as it is would be better to reproduce errornous
      situation.
      
      This feature is intended to overcome above mentioned problems.  This
      feature allocates memory for extended data per page in certain place
      rather than the struct page itself.  This memory can be accessed by the
      accessor functions provided by this code.  During the boot process, it
      checks whether allocation of huge chunk of memory is needed or not.  If
      not, it avoids allocating memory at all.  With this advantage, we can
      include this feature into the kernel in default and can avoid rebuild and
      solve related problems.
      
      Until now, memcg uses this technique.  But, now, memcg decides to embed
      their variable to struct page itself and it's code to extend struct page
      has been removed.  I'd like to use this code to develop debug feature, so
      this patch resurrect it.
      
      To help these things to work well, this patch introduces two callbacks for
      clients.  One is the need callback which is mandatory if user wants to
      avoid useless memory allocation at boot-time.  The other is optional, init
      callback, which is used to do proper initialization after memory is
      allocated.  Detailed explanation about purpose of these functions is in
      code comment.  Please refer it.
      
      Others are completely same with previous extension code in memcg.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
      Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      eefa864b
    • J
      mm/debug-pagealloc: cleanup page guard code · 2847cf95
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      Page guard is used by debug-pagealloc feature.  Currently, it is
      open-coded, but, I think that more abstraction of it makes core page
      allocator code more readable.
      
      There is no functional difference.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      2847cf95
  6. 11 12月, 2014 10 次提交
    • J
      mm: move page->mem_cgroup bad page handling into generic code · 9edad6ea
      Johannes Weiner 提交于
      Now that the external page_cgroup data structure and its lookup is
      gone, let the generic bad_page() check for page->mem_cgroup sanity.
      Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Acked-by: NVladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
      Acked-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
      Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      9edad6ea
    • J
      mm: embed the memcg pointer directly into struct page · 1306a85a
      Johannes Weiner 提交于
      Memory cgroups used to have 5 per-page pointers.  To allow users to
      disable that amount of overhead during runtime, those pointers were
      allocated in a separate array, with a translation layer between them and
      struct page.
      
      There is now only one page pointer remaining: the memcg pointer, that
      indicates which cgroup the page is associated with when charged.  The
      complexity of runtime allocation and the runtime translation overhead is
      no longer justified to save that *potential* 0.19% of memory.  With
      CONFIG_SLUB, page->mem_cgroup actually sits in the doubleword padding
      after the page->private member and doesn't even increase struct page,
      and then this patch actually saves space.  Remaining users that care can
      still compile their kernels without CONFIG_MEMCG.
      
           text    data     bss     dec     hex     filename
        8828345 1725264  983040 11536649 b00909  vmlinux.old
        8827425 1725264  966656 11519345 afc571  vmlinux.new
      
      [mhocko@suse.cz: update Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt]
      Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Acked-by: NVladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
      Acked-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
      Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Acked-by: NKonstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      1306a85a
    • W
      mm: fix a spelling mistake · 26086de3
      Wei Yuan 提交于
      Signed-off-by Wei Yuan <weiyuan.wei@huawei.com>
      Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      26086de3
    • V
      mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining · fdaf7f5c
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through
      page migration.  Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add
      cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists
      are drained the pages can actually merge.  This can happen due to the
      per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly.
      
      During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so
      that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success
      immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum.  However the current
      implementation is far from ideal.  Draining is done only in
      __alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted,
      and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was
      done without the last batch of migrations being merged.  It is also
      missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists.
      
      This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone().
      It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced
      single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on
      unrelated zones.  Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to
      merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order).  This means it
      is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order
      aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next
      cc->order aligned block.
      
      The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests.
      Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not
      affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled.  This
      suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit
      merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt
      succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction.  Since
      stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it
      cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric.  However
      after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier,
      reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario.
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      fdaf7f5c
    • V
      mm, compaction: simplify deferred compaction · 97d47a65
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      Since commit 53853e2d ("mm, compaction: defer each zone individually
      instead of preferred zone"), compaction is deferred for each zone where
      sync direct compaction fails, and reset where it succeeds.  However, it
      was observed that for DMA zone compaction often appeared to succeed
      while subsequent allocation attempt would not, due to different outcome
      of watermark check.
      
      In order to properly defer compaction in this zone, the candidate zone
      has to be passed back to __alloc_pages_direct_compact() and compaction
      deferred in the zone after the allocation attempt fails.
      
      The large source of mismatch between watermark check in compaction and
      allocation was the lack of alloc_flags and classzone_idx values in
      compaction, which has been fixed in the previous patch.  So with this
      problem fixed, we can simplify the code by removing the candidate_zone
      parameter and deferring in __alloc_pages_direct_compact().
      
      After this patch, the compaction activity during stress-highalloc
      benchmark is still somewhat increased, but it's negligible compared to the
      increase that occurred without the better watermark checking.  This
      suggests that it is still possible to apparently succeed in compaction but
      fail to allocate, possibly due to parallel allocation activity.
      
      [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
      Suggested-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      97d47a65
    • V
      mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking · ebff3980
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's
      worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction
      should stop in compact_finished().  The watermark checks take
      classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory
      allocation request.  But from the context of compaction they are currently
      passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy
      the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values.
      
      The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken
      during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request.  Lack
      of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into
      account.  This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred
      compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone.
      compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the
      watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in
      get_page_from_freelist() would fail.  Because of this problem, deferring
      compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following
      patch.
      
      The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite
      in nature.  For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or
      ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on
      CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed
      will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist().  In these cases
      compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed.
      
      Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone
      need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have
      enough free free pages to succeed compaction".  The latter considers extra
      pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return
      COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we
      should return COMPACT_PARTIAL.
      
      This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to
      struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction
      and watermark checking.  Where possible, all other callers of
      compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known.  This is
      currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd
      context.  However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim()
      and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the
      coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate
      as it could.  This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue.
      
      Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the
      second issue described above.
      
      The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation
      success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of
      allocations and presence of CMA.  It allows simplifying deferred
      compaction code in a followup patch.
      
      When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement
      (which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like
      allocations.
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ebff3980
    • Y
      mm: verify compound order when freeing a page · ab1f306f
      Yu Zhao 提交于
      This allows us to catch the bug fixed in the previous patch (mm: free
      compound page with correct order).
      
      Here we also verify whether a page is tail page or not -- tail pages are
      supposed to be freed along with their head, not by themselves.
      Signed-off-by: NYu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
      Reviewed-by: N"Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
      Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ab1f306f
    • V
      mm, cma: drain single zone pcplists · 510f5507
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      CMA allocation drains pcplists so that pages can merge back to buddy
      allocator.  Since it operates on a single zone, we can reduce the
      pcplists drain to the single zone, which is now possible.
      
      The change should make CMA allocations faster and not disturbing
      unrelated pcplists anymore.
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
      Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      510f5507
    • V
      mm: introduce single zone pcplists drain · 93481ff0
      Vlastimil Babka 提交于
      The functions for draining per-cpu pages back to buddy allocators
      currently always operate on all zones.  There are however several cases
      where the drain is only needed in the context of a single zone, and
      spilling other pcplists is a waste of time both due to the extra
      spilling and later refilling.
      
      This patch introduces new zone pointer parameter to drain_all_pages()
      and changes the dummy parameter of drain_local_pages() to be also a zone
      pointer.  When NULL is passed, the functions operate on all zones as
      usual.  Passing a specific zone pointer reduces the work to the single
      zone.
      
      All callers are updated to pass the NULL pointer in this patch.
      Conversion to single zone (where appropriate) is done in further
      patches.
      Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
      Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
      Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      93481ff0
    • A
  7. 14 11月, 2014 6 次提交
    • J
      mm/debug-pagealloc: correct freepage accounting and order resetting · 57cbc87e
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      One thing I did in this patch is fixing freepage accounting.  If we
      clear guard page and link it onto isolate buddy list, we should not
      increase freepage count.  This patch adds conditional branch to skip
      counting in this case.  Without this patch, this overcounting happens
      frequently if guard order is set and CMA is used.
      
      Another thing fixed in this patch is the target to reset order.  In
      __free_one_page(), we check the buddy page whether it is a guard page or
      not.  And, if so, we should clear guard attribute on the buddy page and
      reset order of it to 0.  But, current code resets original page's order
      rather than buddy one's.  Maybe, this doesn't have any problem, because
      whole merged page's order will be re-assigned soon.  But, it is better
      to correct code.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      57cbc87e
    • M
      mm: alloc_contig_range: demote pages busy message from warn to info · dae803e1
      Michal Nazarewicz 提交于
      Having test_pages_isolated failure message as a warning confuses users
      into thinking that it is more serious than it really is.  In reality, if
      called via CMA, allocation will be retried so a single
      test_pages_isolated failure does not prevent allocation from succeeding.
      
      Demote the warning message to an info message and reformat it such that
      the text "failed" does not appear and instead a less worrying "PFNS
      busy" is used.
      
      This message is trivially reproducible on a 10GB x86 machine on 3.16.y
      kernels configured with CONFIG_DMA_CMA.
      Signed-off-by: NMichal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
      Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      dae803e1
    • J
      mm/page_alloc: restrict max order of merging on isolated pageblock · 3c605096
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      Current pageblock isolation logic could isolate each pageblock
      individually.  This causes freepage accounting problem if freepage with
      pageblock order on isolate pageblock is merged with other freepage on
      normal pageblock.  We can prevent merging by restricting max order of
      merging to pageblock order if freepage is on isolate pageblock.
      
      A side-effect of this change is that there could be non-merged buddy
      freepage even if finishing pageblock isolation, because undoing
      pageblock isolation is just to move freepage from isolate buddy list to
      normal buddy list rather than to consider merging.  So, the patch also
      makes undoing pageblock isolation consider freepage merge.  When
      un-isolation, freepage with more than pageblock order and it's buddy are
      checked.  If they are on normal pageblock, instead of just moving, we
      isolate the freepage and free it in order to get merged.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
      Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
      Cc: Heesub Shin <heesub.shin@samsung.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: Ritesh Harjani <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
      Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      3c605096
    • J
      mm/page_alloc: move freepage counting logic to __free_one_page() · 8f82b55d
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      All the caller of __free_one_page() has similar freepage counting logic,
      so we can move it to __free_one_page().  This reduce line of code and
      help future maintenance.
      
      This is also preparation step for "mm/page_alloc: restrict max order of
      merging on isolated pageblock" which fix the freepage counting problem
      on freepage with more than pageblock order.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
      Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
      Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
      Cc: Heesub Shin <heesub.shin@samsung.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: Ritesh Harjani <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
      Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      8f82b55d
    • J
      mm/page_alloc: add freepage on isolate pageblock to correct buddy list · 51bb1a40
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      In free_pcppages_bulk(), we use cached migratetype of freepage to
      determine type of buddy list where freepage will be added.  This
      information is stored when freepage is added to pcp list, so if
      isolation of pageblock of this freepage begins after storing, this
      cached information could be stale.  In other words, it has original
      migratetype rather than MIGRATE_ISOLATE.
      
      There are two problems caused by this stale information.
      
      One is that we can't keep these freepages from being allocated.
      Although this pageblock is isolated, freepage will be added to normal
      buddy list so that it could be allocated without any restriction.  And
      the other problem is incorrect freepage accounting.  Freepages on
      isolate pageblock should not be counted for number of freepage.
      
      Following is the code snippet in free_pcppages_bulk().
      
          /* MIGRATE_MOVABLE list may include MIGRATE_RESERVEs */
          __free_one_page(page, page_to_pfn(page), zone, 0, mt);
          trace_mm_page_pcpu_drain(page, 0, mt);
          if (likely(!is_migrate_isolate_page(page))) {
              __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, 1);
              if (is_migrate_cma(mt))
                  __mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES, 1);
          }
      
      As you can see above snippet, current code already handle second
      problem, incorrect freepage accounting, by re-fetching pageblock
      migratetype through is_migrate_isolate_page(page).
      
      But, because this re-fetched information isn't used for
      __free_one_page(), first problem would not be solved.  This patch try to
      solve this situation to re-fetch pageblock migratetype before
      __free_one_page() and to use it for __free_one_page().
      
      In addition to move up position of this re-fetch, this patch use
      optimization technique, re-fetching migratetype only if there is isolate
      pageblock.  Pageblock isolation is rare event, so we can avoid
      re-fetching in common case with this optimization.
      
      This patch also correct migratetype of the tracepoint output.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Acked-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: NMichal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
      Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
      Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
      Cc: Heesub Shin <heesub.shin@samsung.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: Ritesh Harjani <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
      Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      51bb1a40
    • J
      mm/page_alloc: fix incorrect isolation behavior by rechecking migratetype · ad53f92e
      Joonsoo Kim 提交于
      Before describing bugs itself, I first explain definition of freepage.
      
       1. pages on buddy list are counted as freepage.
       2. pages on isolate migratetype buddy list are *not* counted as freepage.
       3. pages on cma buddy list are counted as CMA freepage, too.
      
      Now, I describe problems and related patch.
      
      Patch 1: There is race conditions on getting pageblock migratetype that
      it results in misplacement of freepages on buddy list, incorrect
      freepage count and un-availability of freepage.
      
      Patch 2: Freepages on pcp list could have stale cached information to
      determine migratetype of buddy list to go.  This causes misplacement of
      freepages on buddy list and incorrect freepage count.
      
      Patch 4: Merging between freepages on different migratetype of
      pageblocks will cause freepages accouting problem.  This patch fixes it.
      
      Without patchset [3], above problem doesn't happens on my CMA allocation
      test, because CMA reserved pages aren't used at all.  So there is no
      chance for above race.
      
      With patchset [3], I did simple CMA allocation test and get below
      result:
      
       - Virtual machine, 4 cpus, 1024 MB memory, 256 MB CMA reservation
       - run kernel build (make -j16) on background
       - 30 times CMA allocation(8MB * 30 = 240MB) attempts in 5 sec interval
       - Result: more than 5000 freepage count are missed
      
      With patchset [3] and this patchset, I found that no freepage count are
      missed so that I conclude that problems are solved.
      
      On my simple memory offlining test, these problems also occur on that
      environment, too.
      
      This patch (of 4):
      
      There are two paths to reach core free function of buddy allocator,
      __free_one_page(), one is free_one_page()->__free_one_page() and the
      other is free_hot_cold_page()->free_pcppages_bulk()->__free_one_page().
      Each paths has race condition causing serious problems.  At first, this
      patch is focused on first type of freepath.  And then, following patch
      will solve the problem in second type of freepath.
      
      In the first type of freepath, we got migratetype of freeing page
      without holding the zone lock, so it could be racy.  There are two cases
      of this race.
      
       1. pages are added to isolate buddy list after restoring orignal
          migratetype
      
          CPU1                                   CPU2
      
          get migratetype => return MIGRATE_ISOLATE
          call free_one_page() with MIGRATE_ISOLATE
      
                                      grab the zone lock
                                      unisolate pageblock
                                      release the zone lock
      
          grab the zone lock
          call __free_one_page() with MIGRATE_ISOLATE
          freepage go into isolate buddy list,
          although pageblock is already unisolated
      
      This may cause two problems.  One is that we can't use this page anymore
      until next isolation attempt of this pageblock, because freepage is on
      isolate buddy list.  The other is that freepage accouting could be wrong
      due to merging between different buddy list.  Freepages on isolate buddy
      list aren't counted as freepage, but ones on normal buddy list are
      counted as freepage.  If merge happens, buddy freepage on normal buddy
      list is inevitably moved to isolate buddy list without any consideration
      of freepage accouting so it could be incorrect.
      
       2. pages are added to normal buddy list while pageblock is isolated.
          It is similar with above case.
      
      This also may cause two problems.  One is that we can't keep these
      freepages from being allocated.  Although this pageblock is isolated,
      freepage would be added to normal buddy list so that it could be
      allocated without any restriction.  And the other problem is same as
      case 1, that it, incorrect freepage accouting.
      
      This race condition would be prevented by checking migratetype again
      with holding the zone lock.  Because it is somewhat heavy operation and
      it isn't needed in common case, we want to avoid rechecking as much as
      possible.  So this patch introduce new variable, nr_isolate_pageblock in
      struct zone to check if there is isolated pageblock.  With this, we can
      avoid to re-check migratetype in common case and do it only if there is
      isolated pageblock or migratetype is MIGRATE_ISOLATE.  This solve above
      mentioned problems.
      
      Changes from v3:
      Add one more check in free_one_page() that checks whether migratetype is
      MIGRATE_ISOLATE or not. Without this, abovementioned case 1 could happens.
      Signed-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
      Acked-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: NMichal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
      Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
      Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
      Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
      Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
      Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
      Cc: Heesub Shin <heesub.shin@samsung.com>
      Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: Ritesh Harjani <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
      Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
      Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ad53f92e
  8. 27 10月, 2014 1 次提交
    • V
      cpuset: simplify cpuset_node_allowed API · 344736f2
      Vladimir Davydov 提交于
      Current cpuset API for checking if a zone/node is allowed to allocate
      from looks rather awkward. We have hardwall and softwall versions of
      cpuset_node_allowed with the softwall version doing literally the same
      as the hardwall version if __GFP_HARDWALL is passed to it in gfp flags.
      If it isn't, the softwall version may check the given node against the
      enclosing hardwall cpuset, which it needs to take the callback lock to
      do.
      
      Such a distinction was introduced by commit 02a0e53d ("cpuset:
      rework cpuset_zone_allowed api"). Before, we had the only version with
      the __GFP_HARDWALL flag determining its behavior. The purpose of the
      commit was to avoid sleep-in-atomic bugs when someone would mistakenly
      call the function without the __GFP_HARDWALL flag for an atomic
      allocation. The suffixes introduced were intended to make the callers
      think before using the function.
      
      However, since the callback lock was converted from mutex to spinlock by
      the previous patch, the softwall check function cannot sleep, and these
      precautions are no longer necessary.
      
      So let's simplify the API back to the single check.
      Suggested-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Signed-off-by: NVladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
      Acked-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Acked-by: NZefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
      344736f2
  9. 22 10月, 2014 1 次提交
    • M
      OOM, PM: OOM killed task shouldn't escape PM suspend · 5695be14
      Michal Hocko 提交于
      PM freezer relies on having all tasks frozen by the time devices are
      getting frozen so that no task will touch them while they are getting
      frozen. But OOM killer is allowed to kill an already frozen task in
      order to handle OOM situtation. In order to protect from late wake ups
      OOM killer is disabled after all tasks are frozen. This, however, still
      keeps a window open when a killed task didn't manage to die by the time
      freeze_processes finishes.
      
      Reduce the race window by checking all tasks after OOM killer has been
      disabled. This is still not race free completely unfortunately because
      oom_killer_disable cannot stop an already ongoing OOM killer so a task
      might still wake up from the fridge and get killed without
      freeze_processes noticing. Full synchronization of OOM and freezer is,
      however, too heavy weight for this highly unlikely case.
      
      Introduce and check oom_kills counter which gets incremented early when
      the allocator enters __alloc_pages_may_oom path and only check all the
      tasks if the counter changes during the freezing attempt. The counter
      is updated so early to reduce the race window since allocator checked
      oom_killer_disabled which is set by PM-freezing code. A false positive
      will push the PM-freezer into a slow path but that is not a big deal.
      
      Changes since v1
      - push the re-check loop out of freeze_processes into
        check_frozen_processes and invert the condition to make the code more
        readable as per Rafael
      
      Fixes: f660daac (oom: thaw threads if oom killed thread is frozen before deferring)
      Cc: 3.2+ <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.2+
      Signed-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Signed-off-by: NRafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
      5695be14
  10. 10 10月, 2014 1 次提交