Fix counter lifetime bugs which explain the crashes reported by
Marcelo Tosatti and Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo.

The new rule is: flushing + freeing is only done for a task's
own counters, never for other tasks.

[ Impact: fix crashes/lockups with inherited counters ]
Reported-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Reported-by: NMarcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Flushing counters in __exit_signal() with irqs disabled is not
a good idea as perf_counter_exit_task() acquires mutexes. So
flush it before acquiring the tasklist lock.

(Note, we still need a fix for when the PID has been unhashed.)

[ Impact: fix crash with inherited counters ]

Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Srivatsa Vaddagiri reported that a Java workload triggers this
warning in kernel/exit.c:

   WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&tsk->perf_counter_ctx.counter_list));

Add the inherited counter propagation on self-detach, this could
cause counter leaks and incomplete stats in threaded code like
the below:

  #include <pthread.h>
  #include <unistd.h>

  void *thread(void *arg)
  {
          sleep(5);
          return NULL;
  }

  void main(void)
  {
          pthread_t thr;
          pthread_create(&thr, NULL, thread, NULL);
  }
Reported-by: NSrivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The CAP_KILL check in exit_notify() looks just wrong, kill it.

Whatever logic we have to reset ->exit_signal, the malicious user
can bypass it if it execs the setuid application before exiting.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NSerge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NRoland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We are wasting 2 words in signal_struct without any reason to implement
task_pgrp_nr() and task_session_nr().

task_session_nr() has no callers since
2e2ba22e, we can remove it.

task_pgrp_nr() is still (I believe wrongly) used in fs/autofsX and
fs/coda.

This patch reimplements task_pgrp_nr() via task_pgrp_nr_ns(), and kills
__pgrp/__session and the related helpers.

The change in drivers/char/tty_io.c is cosmetic, but hopefully makes sense
anyway.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <number6@the-village.bc.nu>		[tty parts]
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

sys_wait4() does get_pid(task_pgrp(current)), this is not safe.  We can
add rcu lock/unlock around, but we already have get_task_pid() which can
be improved to handle the special pids in more reliable manner.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Louis Rilling <Louis.Rilling@kerlabs.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

By discussion with Roland.

- Use ->sibling instead of ->ptrace_entry to chain the need to be
  release_task'd childs. Nobody else can use ->sibling, this task
  is EXIT_DEAD and nobody can find it on its own list.

- rename ptrace_dead to dead_childs.

- Now that we don't have the "parallel" untrace code, change back
  reparent_thread() to return void, pass dead_childs as an argument.

Actually, I don't understand why do we notify /sbin/init when we
reparent a zombie, probably it is better to reap it unconditionally.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/childs/children/]
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Metzger, Markus T" <markus.t.metzger@intel.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

By discussion with Roland.

- Rename ptrace_exit() to exit_ptrace(), and change it to do all the
  necessary work with ->ptraced list by its own.

- Move this code from exit.c to ptrace.c

- Update the comment in ptrace_detach() to explain the rechecking of
  the child->ptrace.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Metzger, Markus T" <markus.t.metzger@intel.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If /sbin/init ignores SIGCHLD and we re-parent a zombie, it is leaked.
reparent_thread() does do_notify_parent() which sets ->exit_signal = -1 in
this case.  This means that nobody except us can reap it, the detached
task is not visible to do_wait().

Change reparent_thread() to return a boolean (like __pthread_detach) to
indicate that the thread is dead and must be released.  Also change
forget_original_parent() to add the child to ptrace_dead list in this
case.

The naming becomes insane, the next patch does the cleanup.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

reparent_thread() uses ptrace_reparented() to check whether this thread is
ptraced, in that case we should not notify the new parent.

But ptrace_reparented() is not exactly correct when the reparented thread
is traced by /sbin/init, because forget_original_parent() has already
changed ->real_parent.

Currently, the only problem is the false notification.  But with the next
patch the kernel crash in this (yes, pathological) case.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If task_detached(p) == T, then either

  a) p is not the main thread, we will find the group leader on the
     ->children list.

or

  b) p is the group leader but its ->exit_state = EXIT_DEAD.  This
     can only happen when the last sub-thread has died, but in that case
     that thread has already called kill_orphaned_pgrp() from
     exit_notify().

In both cases kill_orphaned_pgrp() looks bogus.

Move the task_detached() check up and simplify the code, this is also
right from the "common sense" pov: we should do nothing with the detached
childs, except move them to the new parent's ->children list.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

No functional changes, preparation for the next patch.

Move the "should we release this child" logic into the separate handler,
__ptrace_detach().
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ignoring_children() takes parent->sighand->siglock and checks
k_sigaction[SIGCHLD] atomically.  But this buys nothing, we can't get the
"really" wrong result even if we race with sigaction(SIGCHLD).  If we read
the "stale" sa_handler/sa_flags we can pretend it was changed right after
the check.

Remove spin_lock(->siglock), and kill "int ign" which caches the result of
ignoring_children() which becomes rather trivial.

Perhaps it makes sense to export this helper, do_notify_parent() can use
it too.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

do_wait(WSTOPPED) assumes that p->state must be == TASK_STOPPED, this is
not true if the leader is already dead.  Check SIGNAL_STOP_STOPPED instead
and use signal->group_exit_code.

Trivial test-case:

	void *tfunc(void *arg)
	{
		pause();
		return NULL;
	}

	int main(void)
	{
		pthread_t thr;
		pthread_create(&thr, NULL, tfunc, NULL);
		pthread_exit(NULL);
		return 0;
	}

It doesn't react to ^Z (and then to ^C or ^\). The task is stopped, but
bash can't see this.

The bug is very old, and it was reported multiple times. This patch was sent
more than a year ago (http://marc.info/?t=119713920000003) but it was ignored.

This change also fixes other oddities (but not all) in this area.  For
example, before this patch:

	$ sleep 100
	^Z
	[1]+  Stopped                 sleep 100
	$ strace -p `pidof sleep`
	Process 11442 attached - interrupt to quit

strace hangs in do_wait(), because ->exit_code was already consumed by
bash.  After this patch, strace happily proceeds:

	--- SIGTSTP (Stopped) @ 0 (0) ---
	restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted call ...>

To me, this looks much more "natural" and correct.

Another example.  Let's suppose we have the main thread M and sub-thread
T, the process is stopped, and its parent did wait(WSTOPPED).  Now we can
ptrace T but not M.  This looks at least strange to me.

Imho, do_wait() should not confuse the per-thread ptrace stops with the
per-process job control stops.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
Cc: Kaz Kylheku <kkylheku@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Don't pull it in sched.h; very few files actually need it and those
can include directly.  sched.h itself only needs forward declaration
of struct fs_struct;
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Pure code move; two new helper functions for nfsd and daemonize
(unshare_fs_struct() and daemonize_fs_struct() resp.; for now -
the same code as used to be in callers).  unshare_fs_struct()
exported (for nfsd, as copy_fs_struct()/exit_fs() used to be),
copy_fs_struct() and exit_fs() don't need exports anymore.
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Add support for threaded interrupt handlers:

A device driver can request that its main interrupt handler runs in a
thread. To achive this the device driver requests the interrupt with
request_threaded_irq() and provides additionally to the handler a
thread function. The handler function is called in hard interrupt
context and needs to check whether the interrupt originated from the
device. If the interrupt originated from the device then the handler
can either return IRQ_HANDLED or IRQ_WAKE_THREAD. IRQ_HANDLED is
returned when no further action is required. IRQ_WAKE_THREAD causes
the genirq code to invoke the threaded (main) handler. When
IRQ_WAKE_THREAD is returned handler must have disabled the interrupt
on the device level. This is mandatory for shared interrupt handlers,
but we need to do it as well for obscure x86 hardware where disabling
an interrupt on the IO_APIC level redirects the interrupt to the
legacy PIC interrupt lines.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

We're going to split the process wide cpu accounting into two parts:

 - clocks; which can take all the time they want since they run
           from user context.

 - timers; which need constant time tracing but can affort the overhead
           because they're default off -- and rare.

The clock readout will go back to a full sum of the thread group, for this
we need to re-add the exit stats that were removed in the initial itimer
rework (f06febc9: timers: fix itimer/many thread hang).

Furthermore, since that full sum can be rather slow for large thread groups
and we have the complete dead task stats, revert the do_notify_parent time
computation.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>

Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>

Convert all system calls to return a long. This should be a NOP since all
converted types should have the same size anyway.
With the exception of sys_exit_group which returned void. But that doesn't
matter since the system call doesn't return.
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>

xacct_add_tsk() relies on do_exit()->update_hiwater_xxx() and uses
mm->hiwater_xxx directly, this leads to 2 problems:

- taskstats_user_cmd() can call fill_pid()->xacct_add_tsk() at any
  moment before the task exits, so we should check the current values of
  rss/vm anyway.

- do_exit()->update_hiwater_xxx() calls are racy.  An exiting thread can
  be preempted right before mm->hiwater_xxx = new_val, and another thread
  can use A_LOT of memory and exit in between.  When the first thread
  resumes it can be the last thread in the thread group, in that case we
  report the wrong hiwater_xxx values which do not take A_LOT into
  account.

Introduce get_mm_hiwater_rss() and get_mm_hiwater_vm() helpers and change
xacct_add_tsk() to use them.  The first helper will also be used by
rusage->ru_maxrss accounting.

Kill do_exit()->update_hiwater_xxx() calls.  Unless we are going to
decrease rss/vm there is no point to update mm->hiwater_xxx, and nobody
can look at this mm_struct when exit_mmap() actually unmaps the memory.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

cgroup_mm_owner_callbacks() was brought in to support the memrlimit
controller, but sneaked into mainline ahead of it.  That controller has
now been shelved, and the mm_owner_changed() args were inadequate for it
anyway (they needed an mm pointer instead of a task pointer).

Remove the dead code, and restore mm_update_next_owner() locking to how it
was before: taking mmap_sem there does nothing for memcontrol.c, now the
only user of mm->owner.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When taking recursive faults in do_exit, if the io_context is not null,
exit_io_context() is being called. But it might decrement the refcount
more than once. It is better to leave this task alone.
Signed-off-by: NNikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Change counter inheritance from a 'push' to a 'pull' model: instead of
child tasks pushing their final counts to the parent, reuse the wait4
infrastructure to pull counters as child tasks are exit-processed,
much like how cutime/cstime is collected.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: fix per task clock counter precision
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: implement new performance feature

Counter inheritance can be used to run performance counters in a workload,
transparently - and pipe back the counter results to the parent counter.

Inheritance for performance counters works the following way: when creating
a counter it can be marked with the .inherit=1 flag. Such counters are then
'inherited' by all child tasks (be they fork()-ed or clone()-ed). These
counters get inherited through exec() boundaries as well (except through
setuid boundaries).

The counter values get added back to the parent counter(s) when the child
task(s) exit - much like stime/utime statistics are gathered. So inherited
counters are ideal to gather summary statistics about an application's
behavior via shell commands, without having to modify that application.

The timec.c command utilizes counter inheritance:

  http://redhat.com/~mingo/perfcounters/timec.c

Sample output:

   $ ./timec -e 1 -e 3 -e 5 ls -lR /usr/include/ >/dev/null

   Performance counter stats for 'ls':

           163516953 instructions
                2295 cache-misses
             2855182 branch-misses
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: avoid losing some traces when a task is freed

do_exit() is not the last function called when a task finishes.
There are still some functions which are to be called such as
ree_task().  So we delay the freeing of the return stack to the
last moment.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: cleanup

Eliminate #ifdefs in core code by using empty inline functions.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: use deeper function tracing depth safely

Some tests showed that function return tracing needed a more deeper depth
of function calls. But it could be unsafe to store these return addresses
to the stack.

So these arrays will now be allocated dynamically into task_struct of current
only when the tracer is activated.

Typical scheme when tracer is activated:
- allocate a return stack for each task in global list.
- fork: allocate the return stack for the newly created task
- exit: free return stack of current
- idle init: same as fork

I chose a default depth of 50. I don't have overruns anymore.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: relax the locking of cpu-time accounting calls

->siglock buys nothing for thread_group_cputime() in do_sys_times() and
wait_task_zombie() (which btw takes the unrelated parent's ->siglock).

Actually I think do_sys_times() doesn't need ->siglock at all.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: API *CHANGE*. Must update all tracepoint users.

Add DEFINE_TRACE() to tracepoints to let them declare the tracepoint
structure in a single spot for all the kernel. It helps reducing memory
consumption, especially when declaring a lot of tracepoints, e.g. for
kmalloc tracing.

*API CHANGE WARNING*: now, DECLARE_TRACE() must be used in headers for
tracepoint declarations rather than DEFINE_TRACE(). This is the sane way
to do it. The name previously used was misleading.

Updates scheduler instrumentation to follow this API change.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

We don't want to get rid of the futexes just at exit() time, we want to
drop them when doing an execve() too, since that gets rid of the
previous VM image too.

Doing it at mm_release() time means that we automatically always do it
when we disassociate a VM map from the task.

Reported-by: pageexec@freemail.hu
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net>
Cc: Alex Efros <powerman@powerman.name>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Inaugurate copy-on-write credentials management.  This uses RCU to manage the
credentials pointer in the task_struct with respect to accesses by other tasks.
A process may only modify its own credentials, and so does not need locking to
access or modify its own credentials.

A mutex (cred_replace_mutex) is added to the task_struct to control the effect
of PTRACE_ATTACHED on credential calculations, particularly with respect to
execve().

With this patch, the contents of an active credentials struct may not be
changed directly; rather a new set of credentials must be prepared, modified
and committed using something like the following sequence of events:

	struct cred *new = prepare_creds();
	int ret = blah(new);
	if (ret < 0) {
		abort_creds(new);
		return ret;
	}
	return commit_creds(new);

There are some exceptions to this rule: the keyrings pointed to by the active
credentials may be instantiated - keyrings violate the COW rule as managing
COW keyrings is tricky, given that it is possible for a task to directly alter
the keys in a keyring in use by another task.

To help enforce this, various pointers to sets of credentials, such as those in
the task_struct, are declared const.  The purpose of this is compile-time
discouragement of altering credentials through those pointers.  Once a set of
credentials has been made public through one of these pointers, it may not be
modified, except under special circumstances:

  (1) Its reference count may incremented and decremented.

  (2) The keyrings to which it points may be modified, but not replaced.

The only safe way to modify anything else is to create a replacement and commit
using the functions described in Documentation/credentials.txt (which will be
added by a later patch).

This patch and the preceding patches have been tested with the LTP SELinux
testsuite.

This patch makes several logical sets of alteration:

 (1) execve().

     This now prepares and commits credentials in various places in the
     security code rather than altering the current creds directly.

 (2) Temporary credential overrides.

     do_coredump() and sys_faccessat() now prepare their own credentials and
     temporarily override the ones currently on the acting thread, whilst
     preventing interference from other threads by holding cred_replace_mutex
     on the thread being dumped.

     This will be replaced in a future patch by something that hands down the
     credentials directly to the functions being called, rather than altering
     the task's objective credentials.

 (3) LSM interface.

     A number of functions have been changed, added or removed:

     (*) security_capset_check(), ->capset_check()
     (*) security_capset_set(), ->capset_set()

     	 Removed in favour of security_capset().

     (*) security_capset(), ->capset()

     	 New.  This is passed a pointer to the new creds, a pointer to the old
     	 creds and the proposed capability sets.  It should fill in the new
     	 creds or return an error.  All pointers, barring the pointer to the
     	 new creds, are now const.

     (*) security_bprm_apply_creds(), ->bprm_apply_creds()

     	 Changed; now returns a value, which will cause the process to be
     	 killed if it's an error.

     (*) security_task_alloc(), ->task_alloc_security()

     	 Removed in favour of security_prepare_creds().

     (*) security_cred_free(), ->cred_free()

     	 New.  Free security data attached to cred->security.

     (*) security_prepare_creds(), ->cred_prepare()

     	 New. Duplicate any security data attached to cred->security.

     (*) security_commit_creds(), ->cred_commit()

     	 New. Apply any security effects for the upcoming installation of new
     	 security by commit_creds().

     (*) security_task_post_setuid(), ->task_post_setuid()

     	 Removed in favour of security_task_fix_setuid().

     (*) security_task_fix_setuid(), ->task_fix_setuid()

     	 Fix up the proposed new credentials for setuid().  This is used by
     	 cap_set_fix_setuid() to implicitly adjust capabilities in line with
     	 setuid() changes.  Changes are made to the new credentials, rather
     	 than the task itself as in security_task_post_setuid().

     (*) security_task_reparent_to_init(), ->task_reparent_to_init()

     	 Removed.  Instead the task being reparented to init is referred
     	 directly to init's credentials.

	 NOTE!  This results in the loss of some state: SELinux's osid no
	 longer records the sid of the thread that forked it.

     (*) security_key_alloc(), ->key_alloc()
     (*) security_key_permission(), ->key_permission()

     	 Changed.  These now take cred pointers rather than task pointers to
     	 refer to the security context.

 (4) sys_capset().

     This has been simplified and uses less locking.  The LSM functions it
     calls have been merged.

 (5) reparent_to_kthreadd().

     This gives the current thread the same credentials as init by simply using
     commit_thread() to point that way.

 (6) __sigqueue_alloc() and switch_uid()

     __sigqueue_alloc() can't stop the target task from changing its creds
     beneath it, so this function gets a reference to the currently applicable
     user_struct which it then passes into the sigqueue struct it returns if
     successful.

     switch_uid() is now called from commit_creds(), and possibly should be
     folded into that.  commit_creds() should take care of protecting
     __sigqueue_alloc().

 (7) [sg]et[ug]id() and co and [sg]et_current_groups.

     The set functions now all use prepare_creds(), commit_creds() and
     abort_creds() to build and check a new set of credentials before applying
     it.

     security_task_set[ug]id() is called inside the prepared section.  This
     guarantees that nothing else will affect the creds until we've finished.

     The calling of set_dumpable() has been moved into commit_creds().

     Much of the functionality of set_user() has been moved into
     commit_creds().

     The get functions all simply access the data directly.

 (8) security_task_prctl() and cap_task_prctl().

     security_task_prctl() has been modified to return -ENOSYS if it doesn't
     want to handle a function, or otherwise return the return value directly
     rather than through an argument.

     Additionally, cap_task_prctl() now prepares a new set of credentials, even
     if it doesn't end up using it.

 (9) Keyrings.

     A number of changes have been made to the keyrings code:

     (a) switch_uid_keyring(), copy_keys(), exit_keys() and suid_keys() have
     	 all been dropped and built in to the credentials functions directly.
     	 They may want separating out again later.

     (b) key_alloc() and search_process_keyrings() now take a cred pointer
     	 rather than a task pointer to specify the security context.

     (c) copy_creds() gives a new thread within the same thread group a new
     	 thread keyring if its parent had one, otherwise it discards the thread
     	 keyring.

     (d) The authorisation key now points directly to the credentials to extend
     	 the search into rather pointing to the task that carries them.

     (e) Installing thread, process or session keyrings causes a new set of
     	 credentials to be created, even though it's not strictly necessary for
     	 process or session keyrings (they're shared).

(10) Usermode helper.

     The usermode helper code now carries a cred struct pointer in its
     subprocess_info struct instead of a new session keyring pointer.  This set
     of credentials is derived from init_cred and installed on the new process
     after it has been cloned.

     call_usermodehelper_setup() allocates the new credentials and
     call_usermodehelper_freeinfo() discards them if they haven't been used.  A
     special cred function (prepare_usermodeinfo_creds()) is provided
     specifically for call_usermodehelper_setup() to call.

     call_usermodehelper_setkeys() adjusts the credentials to sport the
     supplied keyring as the new session keyring.

(11) SELinux.

     SELinux has a number of changes, in addition to those to support the LSM
     interface changes mentioned above:

     (a) selinux_setprocattr() no longer does its check for whether the
     	 current ptracer can access processes with the new SID inside the lock
     	 that covers getting the ptracer's SID.  Whilst this lock ensures that
     	 the check is done with the ptracer pinned, the result is only valid
     	 until the lock is released, so there's no point doing it inside the
     	 lock.

(12) is_single_threaded().

     This function has been extracted from selinux_setprocattr() and put into
     a file of its own in the lib/ directory as join_session_keyring() now
     wants to use it too.

     The code in SELinux just checked to see whether a task shared mm_structs
     with other tasks (CLONE_VM), but that isn't good enough.  We really want
     to know if they're part of the same thread group (CLONE_THREAD).

(13) nfsd.

     The NFS server daemon now has to use the COW credentials to set the
     credentials it is going to use.  It really needs to pass the credentials
     down to the functions it calls, but it can't do that until other patches
     in this series have been applied.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>

Use RCU to access another task's creds and to release a task's own creds.
This means that it will be possible for the credentials of a task to be
replaced without another task (a) requiring a full lock to read them, and (b)
seeing deallocated memory.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: NSerge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>

Separate the task security context from task_struct.  At this point, the
security data is temporarily embedded in the task_struct with two pointers
pointing to it.

Note that the Alpha arch is altered as it refers to (E)UID and (E)GID in
entry.S via asm-offsets.

With comment fixes Signed-off-by: Marc Dionne <marc.c.dionne@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: NSerge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>

Impact: fix hang/crash on ia64 under high load

This is ugly, but the simplest patch by far.

Unlike other similar routines, account_group_exec_runtime() could be
called "implicitly" from within scheduler after exit_notify(). This
means we can race with the parent doing release_task(), we can't just
check ->signal != NULL.

Change __exit_signal() to do spin_unlock_wait(&task_rq(tsk)->lock)
before __cleanup_signal() to make sure ->signal can't be freed under
task_rq(tsk)->lock. Note that task_rq_unlock_wait() doesn't care
about the case when tsk changes cpu/rq under us, this should be OK.

Thanks to Ingo who nacked my previous buggy patch.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Reported-by: NDoug Chapman <doug.chapman@hp.com>

This patch adds an additional field to the mm_owner callbacks. This field
is required to get to the mm that changed. Hold mmap_sem in write mode
before calling the mm_owner_changed callback

[hugh@veritas.com: fix mmap_sem deadlock]
Signed-off-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Sudhir Kumar <skumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Instrument the scheduler activity (sched_switch, migration, wakeups,
wait for a task, signal delivery) and process/thread
creation/destruction (fork, exit, kthread stop). Actually, kthread
creation is not instrumented in this patch because it is architecture
dependent. It allows to connect tracers such as ftrace which detects
scheduling latencies, good/bad scheduler decisions. Tools like LTTng can
export this scheduler information along with instrumentation of the rest
of the kernel activity to perform post-mortem analysis on the scheduler
activity.

About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to
markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by
Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench
on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code
scheduler code) was added. See the "Tracepoints" patch header for
performance result detail.

Changelog :

- Change instrumentation location and parameter to match ftrace
  instrumentation, previously done with kernel markers.

[ mingo@elte.hu: conflict resolutions ]
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Acked-by: N'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

There's a race between mm->owner assignment and swapoff, more easily
seen when task slab poisoning is turned on.  The condition occurs when
try_to_unuse() runs in parallel with an exiting task.  A similar race
can occur with callers of get_task_mm(), such as /proc/<pid>/<mmstats>
or ptrace or page migration.

CPU0                                    CPU1
                                        try_to_unuse
                                        looks at mm = task0->mm
                                        increments mm->mm_users
task 0 exits
mm->owner needs to be updated, but no
new owner is found (mm_users > 1, but
no other task has task->mm = task0->mm)
mm_update_next_owner() leaves
                                        mmput(mm) decrements mm->mm_users
task0 freed
                                        dereferencing mm->owner fails

The fix is to notify the subsystem via mm_owner_changed callback(),
if no new owner is found, by specifying the new task as NULL.

Jiri Slaby:
mm->owner was set to NULL prior to calling cgroup_mm_owner_callbacks(), but
must be set after that, so as not to pass NULL as old owner causing oops.

Daisuke Nishimura:
mm_update_next_owner() may set mm->owner to NULL, but mem_cgroup_from_task()
and its callers need to take account of this situation to avoid oops.

Hugh Dickins:
Lockdep warning and hang below exec_mmap() when testing these patches.
exit_mm() up_reads mmap_sem before calling mm_update_next_owner(),
so exec_mmap() now needs to do the same.  And with that repositioning,
there's now no point in mm_need_new_owner() allowing for NULL mm.
Reported-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>