print_bad_pte() is so far being called only when zap_pte_range() finds
negative page_mapcount, or there's a fault on a pte_file where it does not
belong.  That's weak coverage when we suspect pagetable corruption.

Originally, it was called when vm_normal_page() found an invalid pfn: but
pfn_valid is expensive on some architectures and configurations, so 2.6.24
put that under CONFIG_DEBUG_VM (which doesn't help in the field), then
2.6.26 replaced it by a VM_BUG_ON (likewise).

Reinstate the print_bad_pte() in vm_normal_page(), but use a cheaper test
than pfn_valid(): memmap_init_zone() (used in bootup and hotplug) keep a
__read_mostly note of the highest_memmap_pfn, vm_normal_page() then check
pfn against that.  We could call this pfn_plausible() or pfn_sane(), but I
doubt we'll need it elsewhere: of course it's not reliable, but gives much
stronger pagetable validation on many boxes.

Also use print_bad_pte() when the pte_special bit is found outside a
VM_PFNMAP or VM_MIXEDMAP area, instead of VM_BUG_ON.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Now that bad pages are kept out of circulation, there is no need for the
infamous page_remove_rmap() BUG() - once that page is freed, its negative
mapcount will issue a "Bad page state" message and the page won't be
freed.  Removing the BUG() allows more info, on subsequent pages, to be
gathered.

We do have more info about the page at this point than bad_page() can know
- notably, what the pmd is, which might pinpoint something like low 64kB
corruption - but page_remove_rmap() isn't given the address to find that.

In practice, there is only one call to page_remove_rmap() which has ever
reported anything, that from zap_pte_range() (usually on exit, sometimes
on munmap).  It has all the info, so remove page_remove_rmap()'s "Eeek"
message and leave it all to zap_pte_range().

mm/memory.c already has a hardly used print_bad_pte() function, showing
some of the appropriate info: extend it to show what we want for the rmap
case: pte info, page info (when there is a page) and vma info to compare.
zap_pte_range() already knows the pmd, but print_bad_pte() is easier to
use if it works that out for itself.

Some of this info is also shown in bad_page()'s "Bad page state" message.
Keep them separate, but adjust them to match each other as far as
possible.  Say "Bad page map" in print_bad_pte(), and add a TAINT_BAD_PAGE
there too.

print_bad_pte() show current->comm unconditionally (though it should get
repeated in the usually irrelevant stack trace): sorry, I misled Nick
Piggin to make it conditional on vm_mm == current->mm, but current->mm is
already NULL in the exit case.  Usually current->comm is good, though
exceptionally it may not be that of the mm (when "swapoff" for example).
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

sparse output following warnings.

mm/memory.c:2936:8: warning: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces)
mm/memory.c:2936:8:    expected void *maddr
mm/memory.c:2936:8:    got void [noderef] <asn:2>

cleanup here.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

remove_exclusive_swap_page(): its problem is in living up to its name.

It doesn't matter if someone else has a reference to the page (raised
page_count); it doesn't matter if the page is mapped into userspace
(raised page_mapcount - though that hints it may be worth keeping the
swap): all that matters is that there be no more references to the swap
(and no writeback in progress).

swapoff (try_to_unuse) has been removing pages from swapcache for years,
with no concern for page count or page mapcount, and we used to have a
comment in lookup_swap_cache() recognizing that: if you go for a page of
swapcache, you'll get the right page, but it could have been removed from
swapcache by the time you get page lock.

So, give up asking for exclusivity: get rid of
remove_exclusive_swap_page(), and remove_exclusive_swap_page_ref() and
remove_exclusive_swap_page_count() which were spawned for the recent LRU
work: replace them by the simpler try_to_free_swap() which just checks
page_swapcount().

Similarly, remove the page_count limitation from free_swap_and_count(),
but assume that it's worth holding on to the swap if page is mapped and
swap nowhere near full.  Add a vm_swap_full() test in free_swap_cache()?
It would be consistent, but I think we probably have enough for now.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

A good place to free up old swap is where do_wp_page(), or do_swap_page(),
is about to redirty the page: the data on disk is then stale and won't be
read again; and if we do decide to write the page out later, using the
previous swap location makes an unnecessary disk seek very likely.

So give can_share_swap_page() the side-effect of delete_from_swap_cache()
when it safely can.  And can_share_swap_page() was always a misleading
name, the more so if it has a side-effect: rename it reuse_swap_page().

Irrelevant cleanup nearby: remove swap_token_default_timeout definition
from swap.h: it's used nowhere.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

An application may rely on get_user_pages() to give it pages writable from
userspace and shared with a driver, GUP breaking COW if necessary.  It may
mprotect() the pages' writability, off and on, from time to time.

Normally this works fine (so long as the app does not fork); but just
occasionally, under memory pressure, a readonly pte in a newly writable
area is COWed unnecessarily, breaking the link with the driver: because
do_wp_page() does trylock_page, and falls back to COW whenever that fails.

For reliable behaviour in the unshared case, when the trylock_page fails,
now unlock pagetable, lock page and relock pagetable, before deciding
whether Copy-On-Write is really necessary.

Reported-by: Zhou Yingchao
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

do_wp_page()'s VM_FAULT_WRITE return value tells __get_user_pages() that
COW has been done if necessary, though it may be leaving the pte without
write permission - for the odd case of forced writing to a readonly vma
for ptrace.  At present GUP then retries the follow_page() without asking
for write permission, to escape an endless loop when forced.

But an application may be relying on GUP to guarantee a writable page
which won't be COWed again when written from userspace, whereas a race
here might leave a readonly pte in place?  Change the VM_FAULT_WRITE
handling to ask follow_page() for write permission again, except in that
odd case of forced writing to a readonly vma.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Moving lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable() into page_add_new_anon_rmap()
was good but stupid: we can and should SetPageSwapBacked() there too; and
we know for sure that this anonymous, swap-backed page is not file cache.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable() and page_add_new_anon_rmap() always
appear together.  Save some symbol table space and some jumping around by
removing lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable(), folding its code into
page_add_new_anon_rmap(): like how we add file pages to lru just after
adding them to page cache.

Remove the nearby "TODO: is this safe?" comments (yes, it is safe), and
change page_add_new_anon_rmap()'s address BUG_ON to VM_BUG_ON as
originally intended.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Make the pte-level function in apply_to_range be called in lazy mmu mode,
so that any pagetable modifications can be batched.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

File pages mapped only in sequentially read mappings are perfect reclaim
canditates.

This patch makes these mappings behave like weak references, their pages
will be reclaimed unless they have a strong reference from a normal
mapping as well.

It changes the reclaim and the unmap path where they check if the page has
been referenced.  In both cases, accesses through sequentially read
mappings will be ignored.

Benchmark results from KOSAKI Motohiro:

    http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=122485301925098&w=2Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de>
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Doing a mark_page_accessed at fault-time, then doing SetPageReferenced at
unmap-time if the pte is young has a number of problems.

mark_page_accessed is supposed to be roughly the equivalent of a young pte
for unmapped references. Unfortunately it doesn't come with any context:
after being called, reclaim doesn't know who or why the page was touched.

So calling mark_page_accessed not only adds extra lru or PG_referenced
manipulations for pages that are already going to have pte_young ptes anyway,
but it also adds these references which are difficult to work with from the
context of vma specific references (eg. MADV_SEQUENTIAL pte_young may not
wish to contribute to the page being referenced).

Then, simply doing SetPageReferenced when zapping a pte and finding it is
young, is not a really good solution either. SetPageReferenced does not
correctly promote the page to the active list for example. So after removing
mark_page_accessed from the fault path, several mmap()+touch+munmap() would
have a very different result from several read(2) calls for example, which
is not really desirable.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We used to have rather schizophrenic set of checks for NULL ->i_op even
though it had been eliminated years ago.  You'd need to go out of your
way to set it to NULL explicitly _and_ a bunch of code would die on
such inodes anyway.  After killing two remaining places that still
did that bogosity, all that crap can go away.
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Impact: Cleanup and branch hints only.

Move the track and untrack pfn stub routines from memory.c to asm-generic.
Also add unlikely to pfnmap related calls in fork and exit path.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Impact: Cleanup - removes a new function in favor of a recently modified older one.

Replace follow_pfnmap_pte in pat code with follow_phys. follow_phys lso
returns protection eliminating the need of pte_pgprot call. Using follow_phys
also eliminates the need for pte_pa.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Impact: Changes and globalizes an existing static interface.

Follow_phys does similar things as follow_pfnmap_pte. Make a minor change
to follow_phys so that it can be used in place of follow_pfnmap_pte.
Physical address return value with 0 as error return does not work in
follow_phys as the actual physical address 0 mapping may exist in pte.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Impact: Introduces new hooks, which are currently null.

Introduce generic hooks in remap_pfn_range and vm_insert_pfn and
corresponding copy and free routines with reserve and free tracking.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Impact: New currently unused interface.

Add a generic interface to follow pfn in a pfnmap vma range. This is used by
one of the subsequent x86 PAT related patch to keep track of memory types
for vma regions across vma copy and free.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Impact: Code transformation, new functions added should have no effect.

Drivers use mmap followed by pgprot_* and remap_pfn_range or vm_insert_pfn,
in order to export reserved memory to userspace. Currently, such mappings are
not tracked and hence not kept consistent with other mappings (/dev/mem,
pci resource, ioremap) for the sme memory, that may exist in the system.

The following patchset adds x86 PAT attribute tracking and untracking for
pfnmap related APIs.

First three patches in the patchset are changing the generic mm code to fit
in this tracking. Last four patches are x86 specific to make things work
with x86 PAT code. The patchset aso introduces pgprot_writecombine interface,
which gives writecombine mapping when enabled, falling back to
pgprot_noncached otherwise.

This patch:

While working on x86 PAT, we faced some hurdles with trackking
remap_pfn_range() regions, as we do not have any information to say
whether that PFNMAP mapping is linear for the entire vma range or
it is smaller granularity regions within the vma.

A simple solution to this is to use vm_pgoff as an indicator for
linear mapping over the vma region. Currently, remap_pfn_range
only sets vm_pgoff for COW mappings. Below patch changes the
logic and sets the vm_pgoff irrespective of COW. This will still not
be enough for the case where pfn is zero (vma region mapped to
physical address zero). But, for all the other cases, we can look at
pfnmap VMAs and say whether the mappng is for the entire vma region
or not.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Removed duplicated #include <linux/vmalloc.h> in mm/vmalloc.c and
"internal.h" in mm/memory.c.
Signed-off-by: NHuang Weiyi <weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There are not-on-LRU pages which can be mapped and they are not worth to
be accounted.  (becasue we can't shrink them and need dirty codes to
handle specical case) We'd like to make use of usual objrmap/radix-tree's
protcol and don't want to account out-of-vm's control pages.

When special_mapping_fault() is called, page->mapping is tend to be NULL
and it's charged as Anonymous page.  insert_page() also handles some
special pages from drivers.

This patch is for avoiding to account special pages.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

While page-cache's charge/uncharge is done under page_lock(), swap-cache
isn't.  (anonymous page is charged when it's newly allocated.)

This patch moves do_swap_page()'s charge() call under lock.  I don't see
any bad problem *now* but this fix will be good for future for avoiding
unnecessary racy state.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Rework Posix error return for mlock().

Posix requires error code for mlock*() system calls for some conditions
that differ from what kernel low level functions, such as
get_user_pages(), return for those conditions.  For more info, see:

http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=121750892930775&w=2

This patch provides the same translation of get_user_pages()
error codes to posix specified error codes in the context
of the mlock rework for unevictable lru.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This change is intended to make mlock() error returns correct.
make_page_present() is a lower level function used by more than mlock().
Subsequent patch[es] will add this error return fixup in an mlock specific
path.

Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In the fault paths that install new anonymous pages, check whether the
page is evictable or not using lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable().  If
the page is evictable, just add it to the active lru list [via the pagevec
cache], else add it to the unevictable list.

This "proactive" culling in the fault path mimics the handling of mlocked
pages in Nick Piggin's series to keep mlocked pages off the lru lists.

Notes:

1) This patch is optional--e.g., if one is concerned about the
   additional test in the fault path.  We can defer the moving of
   nonreclaimable pages until when vmscan [shrink_*_list()]
   encounters them.  Vmscan will only need to handle such pages
   once, but if there are a lot of them it could impact system
   performance.

2) The 'vma' argument to page_evictable() is require to notice that
   we're faulting a page into an mlock()ed vma w/o having to scan the
   page's rmap in the fault path.   Culling mlock()ed anon pages is
   currently the only reason for this patch.

3) We can't cull swap pages in read_swap_cache_async() because the
   vma argument doesn't necessarily correspond to the swap cache
   offset passed in by swapin_readahead().  This could [did!] result
   in mlocking pages in non-VM_LOCKED vmas if [when] we tried to
   cull in this path.

4) Move set_pte_at() to after where we add page to lru to keep it
   hidden from other tasks that might walk the page table.
   We already do it in this order in do_anonymous() page.  And,
   these are COW'd anon pages.  Is this safe?

[riel@redhat.com: undo an overzealous code cleanup]
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Make sure that mlocked pages also live on the unevictable LRU, so kswapd
will not scan them over and over again.

This is achieved through various strategies:

1) add yet another page flag--PG_mlocked--to indicate that
   the page is locked for efficient testing in vmscan and,
   optionally, fault path.  This allows early culling of
   unevictable pages, preventing them from getting to
   page_referenced()/try_to_unmap().  Also allows separate
   accounting of mlock'd pages, as Nick's original patch
   did.

   Note:  Nick's original mlock patch used a PG_mlocked
   flag.  I had removed this in favor of the PG_unevictable
   flag + an mlock_count [new page struct member].  I
   restored the PG_mlocked flag to eliminate the new
   count field.

2) add the mlock/unevictable infrastructure to mm/mlock.c,
   with internal APIs in mm/internal.h.  This is a rework
   of Nick's original patch to these files, taking into
   account that mlocked pages are now kept on unevictable
   LRU list.

3) update vmscan.c:page_evictable() to check PageMlocked()
   and, if vma passed in, the vm_flags.  Note that the vma
   will only be passed in for new pages in the fault path;
   and then only if the "cull unevictable pages in fault
   path" patch is included.

4) add try_to_unlock() to rmap.c to walk a page's rmap and
   ClearPageMlocked() if no other vmas have it mlocked.
   Reuses as much of try_to_unmap() as possible.  This
   effectively replaces the use of one of the lru list links
   as an mlock count.  If this mechanism let's pages in mlocked
   vmas leak through w/o PG_mlocked set [I don't know that it
   does], we should catch them later in try_to_unmap().  One
   hopes this will be rare, as it will be relatively expensive.

Original mm/internal.h, mm/rmap.c and mm/mlock.c changes:
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>

splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages():

  New munlock processing need to GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS.
  because current get_user_pages() can't grab PROT_NONE pages theresore it
  cause PROT_NONE pages can't munlock.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix this for pagemap-pass-mm-into-pagewalkers.patch]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: untangle patch interdependencies]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix things after out-of-order merging]
[hugh@veritas.com: fix page-flags mess]
[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: fix munlock page table walk - now requires 'mm']
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: build fix]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix truncate race and sevaral comments]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages()]
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Split the LRU lists in two, one set for pages that are backed by real file
systems ("file") and one for pages that are backed by memory and swap
("anon").  The latter includes tmpfs.

The advantage of doing this is that the VM will not have to scan over lots
of anonymous pages (which we generally do not want to swap out), just to
find the page cache pages that it should evict.

This patch has the infrastructure and a basic policy to balance how much
we scan the anon lists and how much we scan the file lists.  The big
policy changes are in separate patches.

[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: collect lru meminfo statistics from correct offset]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: prevent incorrect oom under split_lru]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix pagevec_move_tail() doesn't treat unevictable page]
[hugh@veritas.com: memcg swapbacked pages active]
[hugh@veritas.com: splitlru: BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix /proc/vmstat units]
[nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: memcg: fix handling of shmem migration]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: adjust Quicklists field of /proc/meminfo]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix style issue of get_scan_ratio()]
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Define page_file_cache() function to answer the question:
	is page backed by a file?

Originally part of Rik van Riel's split-lru patch.  Extracted to make
available for other, independent reclaim patches.

Moved inline function to linux/mm_inline.h where it will be needed by
subsequent "split LRU" and "noreclaim" patches.

Unfortunately this needs to use a page flag, since the PG_swapbacked state
needs to be preserved all the way to the point where the page is last
removed from the LRU.  Trying to derive the status from other info in the
page resulted in wrong VM statistics in earlier split VM patchsets.

The total number of page flags in use on a 32 bit machine after this patch
is 19.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up out-of-order merge fallout]
[hugh@veritas.com: splitlru: shmem_getpage SetPageSwapBacked sooner[
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NMinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

 - introduce might_fault()
 - handle the atomic user copy paths correctly

[ mingo@elte.hu: move might_sleep() outside of in_atomic(). ]
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Converting page lock to new locking bitops requires a change of page flag
operation naming, so we might as well convert it to something nicer
(!TestSetPageLocked_Lock => trylock_page, SetPageLocked => set_page_locked).

This also facilitates lockdeping of page lock.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NBenjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Halesh says:

Please find the below testcase provide to test mlock.

Test Case :
===========================

#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
  int fd,ret, i = 0;
  char *addr, *addr1 = NULL;
  unsigned int page_size;
  struct rlimit rlim;

  if (0 != geteuid())
  {
   printf("Execute this pgm as root\n");
   exit(1);
  }

  /* create a file */
  if ((fd = open("mmap_test.c",O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0755)) == -1)
  {
   printf("cant create test file\n");
   exit(1);
  }

  page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);

  /* set the MEMLOCK limit */
  rlim.rlim_cur = 2000;
  rlim.rlim_max = 2000;

  if ((ret = setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK,&rlim)) != 0)
  {
   printf("Cant change limit values\n");
   exit(1);
  }

  addr = 0;
  while (1)
  {
  /* map a page into memory each time*/
  if ((addr = (char *) mmap(addr,page_size, PROT_READ |
PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,fd,0)) == MAP_FAILED)
  {
   printf("cant do mmap on file\n");
   exit(1);
  }

  if (0 == i)
    addr1 = addr;
  i++;
  errno = 0;
  /* lock the mapped memory pagewise*/
  if ((ret = mlock((char *)addr, 1500)) == -1)
  {
   printf("errno value is %d\n", errno);
   printf("cant lock maped region\n");
   exit(1);
  }
  addr = addr + page_size;
 }
}
======================================================

This testcase results in an mlock() failure with errno 14 that is EFAULT,
but it has nowhere been specified that mlock() will return EFAULT.  When I
tested the same on older kernels like 2.6.18, I got the correct result i.e
errno 12 (ENOMEM).

I think in source code mlock(2), setting errno ENOMEM has been missed in
do_mlock() , on mlock_fixup() failure.

SUSv3 requires the following behavior frmo mlock(2).

[ENOMEM]
    Some or all of the address range specified by the addr and
    len arguments does not correspond to valid mapped pages
    in the address space of the process.

[EAGAIN]
    Some or all of the memory identified by the operation could not
    be locked when the call was made.

This rule isn't so nice and slighly strange.  but many people think
POSIX/SUS compliance is important.
Reported-by: NHalesh Sadashiv <halesh.sadashiv@ap.sony.com>
Tested-by: NHalesh Sadashiv <halesh.sadashiv@ap.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>		[2.6.25.x, 2.6.26.x]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Delete 2 EXPORTs that were accidentally sent upstream.
Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Exports needed by the GRU driver.
Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

zap_vma_ptes() is intended to be used by drivers to unmap ptes assigned to the
driver private vmas.  This interface is similar to zap_page_range() but is
less general & less likely to be abused.

Needed by the GRU driver.
Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages.
 There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too.
sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in
mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte".  In GRU case there's no
actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU
secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss
event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by
the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will
walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently
to software if the corresponding spte is present).  The same way
zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte
(and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and
reused.

Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that
means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte
because they're part of the guest working set.  Furthermore a spte unmap
event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released
(so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe
logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the
spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in
the secondary MMU).

The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know
when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so
that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed,
avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest
physical address space.  Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the
mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in
zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for
each fixed number of spte unmapped.

To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection
downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be
invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call
get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it
called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated
spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page.  Or it will setup a
readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls
get_user_pages with write=0.  This is just an example.

This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the
primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an
full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer
with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of
schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no
need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating
primary-mmu pte).

At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests
reliably.  And having this feature and removing the page pin allows
several other optimizations that simplify life considerably.

Dependencies:

1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM
   isn't doing anything with "mm".  This allows mmu notifier users to keep
   track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end
   critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and
   decreased in range_end.  No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map
   any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of
   range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical
   section could later immediately be freed without any further
   ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on
   ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing
   the page).  To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the
   mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap
   locks must be taken too.

2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly
   run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if
   CONFIG_KVM=m/y.  In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of
   mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module
   against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from
   kvm.git we'll start using them.  And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to
   continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they
   submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel.  Then they can
   also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n).
   This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM
   are all =n.

The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be
interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR.  Because mmu_notifier_reigster
is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled.  Here
an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers.
Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and
-ENOMEM failure paths exists already.

 struct  kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void)
 {
        struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL);
+       int err;

        if (!kvm)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages);

+       kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops;
+       err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm);
+       if (err) {
+               kfree(kvm);
+               return ERR_PTR(err);
+       }
+
        return kvm;
 }

mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable.

The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent
kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need
them by luck).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build]
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com>
Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch makes the needlessly global print_bad_pte() static.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Straight forward extensions for huge pages located in the PUD instead of
PMDs.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add the ability to configure the hugetlb hstate used on a per mount basis.

- Add a new pagesize= option to the hugetlbfs mount that allows setting
  the page size
- This option causes the mount code to find the hstate corresponding to the
  specified size, and sets up a pointer to the hstate in the mount's
  superblock.
- Change the hstate accessors to use this information rather than the
  global_hstate they were using (requires a slight change in mm/memory.c
  so we don't NULL deref in the error-unmap path -- see comments).

[np: take hstate out of hugetlbfs inode and vma->vm_private_data]
Acked-by: NAdam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NNishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The goal of this patchset is to support multiple hugetlb page sizes.  This
is achieved by introducing a new struct hstate structure, which
encapsulates the important hugetlb state and constants (eg.  huge page
size, number of huge pages currently allocated, etc).

The hstate structure is then passed around the code which requires these
fields, they will do the right thing regardless of the exact hstate they
are operating on.

This patch adds the hstate structure, with a single global instance of it
(default_hstate), and does the basic work of converting hugetlb to use the
hstate.

Future patches will add more hstate structures to allow for different
hugetlbfs mounts to have different page sizes.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Acked-by: NAdam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NNishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

hugetlb: guarantee that COW faults for a process that called mmap(MAP_PRIVATE) on hugetlbfs will succeed

After patch 2 in this series, a process that successfully calls mmap() for
a MAP_PRIVATE mapping will be guaranteed to successfully fault until a
process calls fork().  At that point, the next write fault from the parent
could fail due to COW if the child still has a reference.

We only reserve pages for the parent but a copy must be made to avoid
leaking data from the parent to the child after fork().  Reserves could be
taken for both parent and child at fork time to guarantee faults but if
the mapping is large it is highly likely we will not have sufficient pages
for the reservation, and it is common to fork only to exec() immediatly
after.  A failure here would be very undesirable.

Note that the current behaviour of mainline with MAP_PRIVATE pages is
pretty bad.  The following situation is allowed to occur today.

1. Process calls mmap(MAP_PRIVATE)
2. Process calls mlock() to fault all pages and makes sure it succeeds
3. Process forks()
4. Process writes to MAP_PRIVATE mapping while child still exists
5. If the COW fails at this point, the process gets SIGKILLed even though it
   had taken care to ensure the pages existed

This patch improves the situation by guaranteeing the reliability of the
process that successfully calls mmap().  When the parent performs COW, it
will try to satisfy the allocation without using reserves.  If that fails
the parent will steal the page leaving any children without a page.
Faults from the child after that point will result in failure.  If the
child COW happens first, an attempt will be made to allocate the page
without reserves and the child will get SIGKILLed on failure.

To summarise the new behaviour:

1. If the original mapper performs COW on a private mapping with multiple
   references, it will attempt to allocate a hugepage from the pool or
   the buddy allocator without using the existing reserves. On fail, VMAs
   mapping the same area are traversed and the page being COW'd is unmapped
   where found. It will then steal the original page as the last mapper in
   the normal way.

2. The VMAs the pages were unmapped from are flagged to note that pages
   with data no longer exist. Future no-page faults on those VMAs will
   terminate the process as otherwise it would appear that data was corrupted.
   A warning is printed to the console that this situation occured.

2. If the child performs COW first, it will attempt to satisfy the COW
   from the pool if there are enough pages or via the buddy allocator if
   overcommit is allowed and the buddy allocator can satisfy the request. If
   it fails, the child will be killed.

If the pool is large enough, existing applications will not notice that
the reserves were a factor.  Existing applications depending on the
no-reserves been set are unlikely to exist as for much of the history of
hugetlbfs, pages were prefaulted at mmap(), allocating the pages at that
point or failing the mmap().

[npiggin@suse.de: fix CONFIG_HUGETLB=n build]
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: NAdam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>