This commit adds a cosmetic change to the s3c-hsotg UDC driver.
It moves s3c-hsotg.h to other linux/ related inclusions.
Signed-off-by: NLukasz Majewski <l.majewski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

A possible race condition appears because we are not initializing
the ohci->regs before calling usb_hcd_request_irqs().
We move the call to ohci_init() in hcd->driver->reset() instead of
hcd->driver->start() to fix this.
This was experienced when we share the same IRQ line between OHCI and EHCI
controllers.
Signed-off-by: NNicolas Ferre <nicolas.ferre@atmel.com>
Tested-by: NChristian Eggers <christian.eggers@kathrein.de>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NNicolas Ferre <nicolas.ferre@atmel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

When PHY reset pin is connected to a GPIO on external GPIO chip
(e.g. I2C), we should not call the gpio_set_value() function, but
gpio_set_value_cansleep().
Signed-off-by: NIgor Grinberg <grinberg@compulab.co.il>
Acked-by: NFelipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
Tested-by: NGovindraj.R <govindraj.raja@ti.com>
Acked-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Finally, convert to the new style framework, using udc_start/udc_stop
methods. Since there is no need in the global _udc pointer, remove it.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Currently, endpoints are initialized in gadget start/stop methods, however
for the new style gadgets it is expected that bind() can be called before
controller's start(), and we need endpoints already initialized at that
point. So, move endpoint initialization to controller's probe before we
switch to the "new style" gadget framework.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Logging output in the driver is mostly done using custom err/warn/info
macros which rely on the existence of the global variable _udc, which
is a global reference to the udc controller structure. This reference
will have to go in order to allow us to have more than one chipidea udc
in the system.

Thus, replace custom macros with dev_{err,warn,info} using the platform
device where possible. The trace() macro, which is a nop by default is
left for tracing purposes.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Let's break ci13xxx driver into a separate udc driver and platform
drivers _pci and _msm, which will create a platform device for each pci
(or msm) device found. The approach was introduced by Felipe in dwc3
driver and there seems to be no reason not to use it.

msm related code is only compile-tested.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

After the UDC class conversion, there is no reason to limit the kernel
to have only one UDC controller in the system.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Use lookup table instead of conditional macrodefinitions of register
addresses. With two different possible register layouts and different
register offsets, it's easiest to build a table with register addresses
at probe time, based on the information supplied from the platform and
device capabilities. This way we get rid of branch-per-register-access.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Make global variables that are specific for each UDC instance part of
struct ci13xxx.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Small and self-evident cleanup.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1553) adds an unusual_dev entrie for the Yarvik PMP400
MP4 music player.
Signed-off-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Reported-by: NJesse Feddema <jdfeddema@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NJesse Feddema <jdfeddema@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This reworks the usb_serial_register_drivers() and
usb_serial_deregister_drivers() to not need a pointer to a struct
usb_driver anymore.  The usb_driver structure is now created dynamically
and registered and unregistered as needed.

This saves lines of code in each usb-serial driver.  All in-kernel users
of these functions were also fixed up at this time.  The pl2303 driver
was tested that everything worked properly.

Thanks for the idea to do this from Alan Stern.

Cc: Adhir Ramjiawan <adhirramjiawan0@gmail.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Al Borchers <alborchers@steinerpoint.com>
Cc: Aleksey Babahin <tamerlan311@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Worsley <amworsley@gmail.com>
Cc: Bart Hartgers <bart.hartgers@gmail.com>
Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dcbw@redhat.com>
Cc: Donald Lee <donald@asix.com.tw>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
Cc: Gary Brubaker <xavyer@ix.netcom.com>
Cc: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Kautuk Consul <consul.kautuk@gmail.com>
Cc: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Cc: Lonnie Mendez <dignome@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthias Bruestle and Harald Welte <support@reiner-sct.com>
Cc: Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Sroczynski <msroczyn@gmail.com>
Cc: "Michał Wróbel" <michal.wrobel@flytronic.pl>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.name>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Berger <pberger@brimson.com>
Cc: Preston Fick <preston.fick@silabs.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Rigbert Hamisch <rigbert@gmx.de>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Simon Arlott <simon@fire.lp0.eu>
Cc: Support Department <support@connecttech.com>
Cc: Thomas Tuttle <ttuttle@chromium.org>
Cc: Uwe Bonnes <bon@elektron.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de>
Cc: Wang YanQing <Udknight@gmail.com>
Cc: William Greathouse <wgreathouse@smva.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Add pci ids for ChipIdea UDC as found in langwell/penwell SoCs.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Currently, the register prefixes in the driver seem to be mixed: the
capability registers are the ones that contain capability information,
such as number of hardware endpoints, while the registers that are
used to program the controller are called operational registers.

Normally, capability registers start at 0x100 offset of the register
window and are followed by operational registers. In some versions,
however, capability registers start at 0x0 offset.

This patch renames the register and adjusts their offsets appropriately,
leaving the possibility of having a non-standard capability offset.

I couldn't find any mentions of the TESTMODE register anywhere, so I
suspect it might only be enabled in chipidea internal versions of the
controller and I'm really inclined to remove it from the driver or at
least hiding it behind a config option.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Change ep0{out,in} macros into dynamically assigned pointers in
gadget initialization time.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Since ep0{out,in} are never on gadget's ep_list, there's no need to try
to unlink them, even more so because ep_list linkage is not initialized
for these endpoints.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

The Davinci USB platform device (in mach-davinci/usb.c) uses "ohci"
as the name. To allow autoloading of the relevant driver, the module
needs to set the MODULE_ALIAS.
Signed-off-by: NJan Luebbe <jlu@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

It took me surprisingly long to find the location where the Linux
Foundation vendor id (0x1d6b) is set for the root hubs. A minor update
to three comments makes those locations (trivially) greppable.
Signed-off-by: NPaul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

The out functions should only handle actual available data instead of the complete buffer.
Otherwise for example the ep0_consume function will report ghost events since it tries to decode
the complete buffer - which may contain partly invalid data.
Signed-off-by: NMatthias Fend <matthias.fend@wolfvision.net>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Testing BUILD_BUG_ON xhci_doorbell_array structure 2 time, redundant statement
Signed-off-by: NGirish Verma <girish.gcet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>

 ---
 drivers/usb/host/xhci.c |    1 -
 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch changes the output format specifier of a debugging line in
the xhci-hcd driver.  An URB's transfer_buffer_length should be
printed in decimal; there's no reason to print it in hex.  Especially
since the actual_length value, printed earlier on the same line, is
already in decimal.
Signed-off-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This adds VID/PID for the PI E-861. Without it, I had to do:
modprobe -q ftdi-sio product=0x1008 vendor=0x1a72

http://www.physikinstrumente.com/en/products/prdetail.php?sortnr=900610Signed-off-by: NÉric Piel <piel@delmic.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

I can't remember why I wrote it like this many many years ago, but it's
not needed at all, let's rely on the usb-serial core for this function,
especially as it is being overridden by it anyway.

This lets us make usb_serial_probe() a static function, which it should
be.

Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This really just is the resume callback for the device, so use that,
especially as the usb-serial core just overrode this callback so it
wasn't being made anyway.

Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Cc: Anton Samokhvalov <pg83@yandex.ru>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This really just is the resume callback for the device, so use that,
especially as the usb-serial core just overrode this callback so it
wasn't being made anyway.

Cc: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This is now set by the usb-serial core, no need for the driver to
individually set it.

Thanks to Alan Stern for the idea to get rid of it.

Cc: William Greathouse <wgreathouse@smva.com>
Cc: Matthias Bruestle and Harald Welte <support@reiner-sct.com>
Cc: Lonnie Mendez <dignome@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Berger <pberger@brimson.com>
Cc: Al Borchers <alborchers@steinerpoint.com>
Cc: Gary Brubaker <xavyer@ix.netcom.com>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.name>
Cc: Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>
Cc: Support Department <support@connecttech.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Cc: Kautuk Consul <consul.kautuk@gmail.com>
Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Bart Hartgers <bart.hartgers@gmail.com>
Cc: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Cc: Preston Fick <preston.fick@silabs.com>
Cc: Uwe Bonnes <bon@elektron.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de>
Cc: Simon Arlott <simon@fire.lp0.eu>
Cc: Andrew Worsley <amworsley@gmail.com>
Cc: "Michał Wróbel" <michal.wrobel@flytronic.pl>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
Cc: Aleksey Babahin <tamerlan311@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Donald Lee <donald@asix.com.tw>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Michal Sroczynski <msroczyn@gmail.com>
Cc: Wang YanQing <Udknight@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dcbw@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Tuttle <ttuttle@chromium.org>
Cc: Rigbert Hamisch <rigbert@gmx.de>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Cc: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Cc: Adhir Ramjiawan <adhirramjiawan0@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This is now set by the usb-serial core, no need for the driver to
individually set it.

Thanks to Alan Stern for the idea to get rid of it.

Cc: William Greathouse <wgreathouse@smva.com>
Cc: Matthias Bruestle and Harald Welte <support@reiner-sct.com>
Cc: Lonnie Mendez <dignome@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Berger <pberger@brimson.com>
Cc: Al Borchers <alborchers@steinerpoint.com>
Cc: Gary Brubaker <xavyer@ix.netcom.com>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.name>
Cc: Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>
Cc: Support Department <support@connecttech.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Cc: Kautuk Consul <consul.kautuk@gmail.com>
Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Bart Hartgers <bart.hartgers@gmail.com>
Cc: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Cc: Preston Fick <preston.fick@silabs.com>
Cc: Uwe Bonnes <bon@elektron.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de>
Cc: Simon Arlott <simon@fire.lp0.eu>
Cc: Andrew Worsley <amworsley@gmail.com>
Cc: "Michał Wróbel" <michal.wrobel@flytronic.pl>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
Cc: Aleksey Babahin <tamerlan311@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Donald Lee <donald@asix.com.tw>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Michal Sroczynski <msroczyn@gmail.com>
Cc: Wang YanQing <Udknight@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dcbw@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Tuttle <ttuttle@chromium.org>
Cc: Rigbert Hamisch <rigbert@gmx.de>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Cc: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Cc: Adhir Ramjiawan <adhirramjiawan0@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1551) cleans up the PM-related entries in the usb_driver
structures of the various USB serial driver modules.  Those entries
are now filled in by the usb-serial core during driver registration,
so they don't need to be initialized explicitly in the source code.

The same is true of the one remaining no_dynamic_id entry.

reset_resume remains a small problem, because the serial core doesn't
support it.  The patch ignores these entries.
Signed-off-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1550) fixes a bug in the usb-serial core that affects
the ftdi_sio driver and most likely others as well.  The core
implements suspend and resume routines, but it doesn't store pointers
to those routines in the usb_driver structures that it registers,
even though it does set those drivers' supports_autosuspend flag.  The
end result is that when one of these devices is autosuspended, we try
to call through a NULL pointer.

The patch fixes the problem by setting the suspend and resume method
pointers to the appropriate routines in the USB serial core, along
with the supports_autosuspend field, in each driver as it is
registered.

This should be back-ported to all the stable kernels that have the new
usb_serial_register_drivers() interface.
Signed-off-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Reported-and-tested-by: NFrank Schäfer <schaefer.frank@gmx.net>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

usb: dwc3: patches for v3.5 merge window

This pull request contains one workaround for a Silicon
Issue found on all RTL releases prior to 2.20a, which
would cause a metastability state on Run/Stop bit.

We also have some patches implementing a few extra Standard
requests introduced by USB3 spec (Set SEL and Set Isoch Delay),
as well as one patch, which has been pending for a long time,
implementing LPM support.

Last, but not least, we are splitting the host address space
out of the dwc3 core driver otherwise xHCI won't be able to
request_mem_region() its own address space. This patch is
only needed because we are (as we should) re-using the xHCI
driver, which is a completely separate module.

Together with these three big changes, come a few extra preparatory
patches which most move code around, define macros and so on, as
well as a fix for Isochronous transfers which hasn't been triggered
before.

[ resolved conflicts and build error in drivers/usb/dwc3/gadget.c - gregkh]

usb: musb: patches for v3.5 merge window

MUSB has only two patches for this merge window adding
support for TI's TI81xx platforms which contains two
MUSB IP instances.

Nothing scary here, just yet another glue layer for MUSB.

Merge tag 'gadget-for-v3.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/balbi/usb into usb-next

usb: gadget: patches for v3.5

This pull request is quite big, but mainly because there's a
giant rework of the s3c_hsotg.c driver to make it friendlier
for other users. Samsung Exynos platforms use the DesignWare
Core USB2 IP from Synopsys so it's a bit unfair to have the
driver work for Samsung platforms only. In short, the big
rework is in preparation to make the driver more reusable.

Another big rework in this pull request came from Ido, where
he's removing the redundant pointer for the endpoint descriptor
from the controller driver's own endpoint representation. The
same pointer is available through the generic struct usb_ep
structure.

Also on this pull request is the conversion of a few extra
controller drivers to the new style registration, which allows
multiple controllers to be available on the same platform and
helps remove global pointers from those drivers.

Together with those big changes, there's the usual fixes and cleanups
to gadget drivers. Nothing major.

This resolves the conflict with:
	drivers/usb/host/ehci-tegra.c
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Pull x86 fixes form Peter Anvin

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  intel_mid_powerbtn: mark irq as IRQF_NO_SUSPEND
  arch/x86/platform/geode/net5501.c: change active_low to 0 for LED driver
  x86, relocs: Remove an unused variable
  asm-generic: Use __BITS_PER_LONG in statfs.h
  x86/amd: Re-enable CPU topology extensions in case BIOS has disabled it

Pull btrfs fixes from Chris Mason:
 "The big ones here are a memory leak we introduced in rc1, and a
  scheduling while atomic if the transid on disk doesn't match the
  transid we expected.  This happens for corrupt blocks, or out of date
  disks.

  It also fixes up the ioctl definition for our ioctl to resolve logical
  inode numbers.  The __u32 was a merging error and doesn't match what
  we ship in the progs."

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/linux-btrfs:
  Btrfs: avoid sleeping in verify_parent_transid while atomic
  Btrfs: fix crash in scrub repair code when device is missing
  btrfs: Fix mismatching struct members in ioctl.h
  Btrfs: fix page leak when allocing extent buffers
  Btrfs: Add properly locking around add_root_to_dirty_list

Setting TIF_IA32 in load_aout_binary() used to be enough; these days
TASK_SIZE is controlled by TIF_ADDR32 and that one doesn't get set
there.  Switch to use of set_personality_ia32()...
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

verify_parent_transid needs to lock the extent range to make
sure no IO is underway, and so it can safely clear the
uptodate bits if our checks fail.

But, a few callers are using it with spinlocks held.  Most
of the time, the generation numbers are going to match, and
we don't want to switch to a blocking lock just for the error
case.  This adds an atomic flag to verify_parent_transid,
and changes it to return EAGAIN if it needs to block to
properly verifiy things.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>