When CONFIG_FS_DAX_PMD is set, DAX supports mmap() using pmd page size.
This feature relies on both mmap virtual address and FS block (i.e.
physical address) to be aligned by the pmd page size.  Users can use
mkfs options to specify FS to align block allocations.  However,
aligning mmap address requires code changes to existing applications for
providing a pmd-aligned address to mmap().

For instance, fio with "ioengine=mmap" performs I/Os with mmap() [1].
It calls mmap() with a NULL address, which needs to be changed to
provide a pmd-aligned address for testing with DAX pmd mappings.
Changing all applications that call mmap() with NULL is undesirable.

Add thp_get_unmapped_area(), which can be called by filesystem's
get_unmapped_area to align an mmap address by the pmd size for a DAX
file.  It calls the default handler, mm->get_unmapped_area(), to find a
range and then aligns it for a DAX file.

The patch is based on Matthew Wilcox's change that allows adding support
of the pud page size easily.

[1]: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/engines/mmap.c
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472497881-9323-2-git-send-email-toshi.kani@hpe.comSigned-off-by: NToshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Reviewed-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

File pages use a set of radix tree tags (DIRTY, TOWRITE, WRITEBACK,
etc.) to accelerate finding the pages with a specific tag in the radix
tree during inode writeback.  But for anonymous pages in the swap cache,
there is no inode writeback.  So there is no need to find the pages with
some writeback tags in the radix tree.  It is not necessary to touch
radix tree writeback tags for pages in the swap cache.

Per Rik van Riel's suggestion, a new flag AS_NO_WRITEBACK_TAGS is
introduced for address spaces which don't need to update the writeback
tags.  The flag is set for swap caches.  It may be used for DAX file
systems, etc.

With this patch, the swap out bandwidth improved 22.3% (from ~1.2GB/s to
~1.48GBps) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes.
The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap device used is a RAM
simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device.  The improvement comes from
the reduced contention on the swap cache radix tree lock.  To test
sequential swapping out, the test case uses 8 processes, which
sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until RAM and
part of the swap device is used up.

Details of comparison is as follow,

base             base+patch
---------------- --------------------------
         %stddev     %change         %stddev
             \          |                \
   2506952 ±  2%     +28.1%    3212076 ±  7%  vm-scalability.throughput
   1207402 ±  7%     +22.3%    1476578 ±  6%  vmstat.swap.so
     10.86 ± 12%     -23.4%       8.31 ± 16%  perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irq.__add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap.shrink_page_list
     10.82 ± 13%     -33.1%       7.24 ± 14%  perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.__remove_mapping.shrink_page_list.shrink_inactive_list.shrink_zone_memcg
     10.36 ± 11%    -100.0%       0.00 ± -1%  perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.__test_set_page_writeback.bdev_write_page.__swap_writepage.swap_writepage
     10.52 ± 12%    -100.0%       0.00 ± -1%  perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.test_clear_page_writeback.end_page_writeback.page_endio.pmem_rw_page

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472578089-5560-1-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by: N"Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix the following bugs:

 - the same ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT statements are duplicated between
   header and relevant source

 - don't ensure ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT perhaps defined by ARCH in
   asm/processor.h is preferred over default in linux/bootmem.h
   completely since the former header isn't included by the latter

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e046aeaa-e160-6d9e-dc1b-e084c2fd999f@zoho.comSigned-off-by: Nzijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The total reserved memory in a system is accounted but not available for
use use outside mm/memblock.c.  By exposing the total reserved memory,
systems can better calculate the size of large hashes.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472476010-4709-3-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NSrikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently arch specific code can reserve memory blocks but
alloc_large_system_hash() may not take it into consideration when sizing
the hashes.  This can lead to bigger hash than required and lead to no
available memory for other purposes.  This is specifically true for
systems with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT enabled.

One approach to solve this problem would be to walk through the memblock
regions and calculate the available memory and base the size of hash
system on the available memory.

The other approach would be to depend on the architecture to provide the
number of pages that are reserved.  This change provides hooks to allow
the architecture to provide the required info.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472476010-4709-2-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NSrikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There are only few use_mm() users in the kernel right now.  Most of them
write to the target memory but vhost driver relies on
copy_from_user/get_user from a kernel thread context.  This makes it
impossible to reap the memory of an oom victim which shares the mm with
the vhost kernel thread because it could see a zero page unexpectedly
and theoretically make an incorrect decision visible outside of the
killed task context.

To quote Michael S. Tsirkin:
: Getting an error from __get_user and friends is handled gracefully.
: Getting zero instead of a real value will cause userspace
: memory corruption.

The vhost kernel thread is bound to an open fd of the vhost device which
is not tight to the mm owner life cycle in general.  The device fd can
be inherited or passed over to another process which means that we
really have to be careful about unexpected memory corruption because
unlike for normal oom victims the result will be visible outside of the
oom victim context.

Make sure that no kthread context (users of use_mm) can ever see
corrupted data because of the oom reaper and hook into the page fault
path by checking MMF_UNSTABLE mm flag.  __oom_reap_task_mm will set the
flag before it starts unmapping the address space while the flag is
checked after the page fault has been handled.  If the flag is set then
SIGBUS is triggered so any g-u-p user will get a error code.

Regular tasks do not need this protection because all which share the mm
are killed when the mm is reaped and so the corruption will not outlive
them.

This patch shouldn't have any visible effect at this moment because the
OOM killer doesn't invoke oom reaper for tasks with mm shared with
kthreads yet.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-9-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: N"Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There are no users of exit_oom_victim on !current task anymore so enforce
the API to always work on the current.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-8-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NTetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 74070542 ("oom, suspend: fix oom_reaper vs.
oom_killer_disable race") has workaround an existing race between
oom_killer_disable and oom_reaper by adding another round of
try_to_freeze_tasks after the oom killer was disabled.  This was the
easiest thing to do for a late 4.7 fix.  Let's fix it properly now.

After "oom: keep mm of the killed task available" we no longer have to
call exit_oom_victim from the oom reaper because we have stable mm
available and hide the oom_reaped mm by MMF_OOM_SKIP flag.  So let's
remove exit_oom_victim and the race described in the above commit
doesn't exist anymore if.

Unfortunately this alone is not sufficient for the oom_killer_disable
usecase because now we do not have any reliable way to reach
exit_oom_victim (the victim might get stuck on a way to exit for an
unbounded amount of time).  OOM killer can cope with that by checking mm
flags and move on to another victim but we cannot do the same for
oom_killer_disable as we would lose the guarantee of no further
interference of the victim with the rest of the system.  What we can do
instead is to cap the maximum time the oom_killer_disable waits for
victims.  The only current user of this function (pm suspend) already
has a concept of timeout for back off so we can reuse the same value
there.

Let's drop set_freezable for the oom_reaper kthread because it is no
longer needed as the reaper doesn't wake or thaw any processes.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-7-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

After "oom: keep mm of the killed task available" we can safely detect
an oom victim by checking task->signal->oom_mm so we do not need the
signal_struct counter anymore so let's get rid of it.

This alone wouldn't be sufficient for nommu archs because
exit_oom_victim doesn't hide the process from the oom killer anymore.
We can, however, mark the mm with a MMF flag in __mmput.  We can reuse
MMF_OOM_REAPED and rename it to a more generic MMF_OOM_SKIP.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-6-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Lockdep complains that __mmdrop is not safe from the softirq context:

  =================================
  [ INFO: inconsistent lock state ]
  4.6.0-oomfortification2-00011-geeb3eadeab96-dirty #949 Tainted: G        W
  ---------------------------------
  inconsistent {SOFTIRQ-ON-W} -> {IN-SOFTIRQ-W} usage.
  swapper/1/0 [HC0[0]:SC1[1]:HE1:SE0] takes:
   (pgd_lock){+.?...}, at: pgd_free+0x19/0x6b
  {SOFTIRQ-ON-W} state was registered at:
     __lock_acquire+0xa06/0x196e
     lock_acquire+0x139/0x1e1
     _raw_spin_lock+0x32/0x41
     __change_page_attr_set_clr+0x2a5/0xacd
     change_page_attr_set_clr+0x16f/0x32c
     set_memory_nx+0x37/0x3a
     free_init_pages+0x9e/0xc7
     alternative_instructions+0xa2/0xb3
     check_bugs+0xe/0x2d
     start_kernel+0x3ce/0x3ea
     x86_64_start_reservations+0x2a/0x2c
     x86_64_start_kernel+0x17a/0x18d
  irq event stamp: 105916
  hardirqs last  enabled at (105916): free_hot_cold_page+0x37e/0x390
  hardirqs last disabled at (105915): free_hot_cold_page+0x2c1/0x390
  softirqs last  enabled at (105878): _local_bh_enable+0x42/0x44
  softirqs last disabled at (105879): irq_exit+0x6f/0xd1

  other info that might help us debug this:
   Possible unsafe locking scenario:

         CPU0
         ----
    lock(pgd_lock);
    <Interrupt>
      lock(pgd_lock);

   *** DEADLOCK ***

  1 lock held by swapper/1/0:
   #0:  (rcu_callback){......}, at: rcu_process_callbacks+0x390/0x800

  stack backtrace:
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Tainted: G        W       4.6.0-oomfortification2-00011-geeb3eadeab96-dirty #949
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Debian-1.8.2-1 04/01/2014
  Call Trace:
   <IRQ>
    print_usage_bug.part.25+0x259/0x268
    mark_lock+0x381/0x567
    __lock_acquire+0x993/0x196e
    lock_acquire+0x139/0x1e1
    _raw_spin_lock+0x32/0x41
    pgd_free+0x19/0x6b
    __mmdrop+0x25/0xb9
    __put_task_struct+0x103/0x11e
    delayed_put_task_struct+0x157/0x15e
    rcu_process_callbacks+0x660/0x800
    __do_softirq+0x1ec/0x4d5
    irq_exit+0x6f/0xd1
    smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x42/0x4d
    apic_timer_interrupt+0x8e/0xa0
   <EOI>
    arch_cpu_idle+0xf/0x11
    default_idle_call+0x32/0x34
    cpu_startup_entry+0x20c/0x399
    start_secondary+0xfe/0x101

More over commit a79e53d8 ("x86/mm: Fix pgd_lock deadlock") was
explicit about pgd_lock not to be called from the irq context.  This
means that __mmdrop called from free_signal_struct has to be postponed
to a user context.  We already have a similar mechanism for mmput_async
so we can use it here as well.  This is safe because mm_count is pinned
by mm_users.

This fixes bug introduced by "oom: keep mm of the killed task available"

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-5-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

oom_reap_task has to call exit_oom_victim in order to make sure that the
oom vicim will not block the oom killer for ever.  This is, however,
opening new problems (e.g oom_killer_disable exclusion - see commit
74070542 ("oom, suspend: fix oom_reaper vs.  oom_killer_disable
race")).  exit_oom_victim should be only called from the victim's
context ideally.

One way to achieve this would be to rely on per mm_struct flags.  We
already have MMF_OOM_REAPED to hide a task from the oom killer since
"mm, oom: hide mm which is shared with kthread or global init". The
problem is that the exit path:

  do_exit
    exit_mm
      tsk->mm = NULL;
      mmput
        __mmput
      exit_oom_victim

doesn't guarantee that exit_oom_victim will get called in a bounded
amount of time.  At least exit_aio depends on IO which might get blocked
due to lack of memory and who knows what else is lurking there.

This patch takes a different approach.  We remember tsk->mm into the
signal_struct and bind it to the signal struct life time for all oom
victims.  __oom_reap_task_mm as well as oom_scan_process_thread do not
have to rely on find_lock_task_mm anymore and they will have a reliable
reference to the mm struct.  As a result all the oom specific
communication inside the OOM killer can be done via tsk->signal->oom_mm.

Increasing the signal_struct for something as unlikely as the oom killer
is far from ideal but this approach will make the code much more
reasonable and long term we even might want to move task->mm into the
signal_struct anyway.  In the next step we might want to make the oom
killer exclusion and access to memory reserves completely independent
which would be also nice.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-4-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

"mm, oom_reaper: do not attempt to reap a task twice" tried to give the
OOM reaper one more chance to retry using MMF_OOM_NOT_REAPABLE flag.
But the usefulness of the flag is rather limited and actually never
shown in practice.  If the flag is set, it means that the holder of
mm->mmap_sem cannot call up_write() due to presumably being blocked at
unkillable wait waiting for other thread's memory allocation.  But since
one of threads sharing that mm will queue that mm immediately via
task_will_free_mem() shortcut (otherwise, oom_badness() will select the
same mm again due to oom_score_adj value unchanged), retrying
MMF_OOM_NOT_REAPABLE mm is unlikely helpful.

Let's always set MMF_OOM_REAPED.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-3-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NTetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This is a code clean up patch without functionality changes.  The
swap_cluster_list data structure and its operations are introduced to
provide some better encapsulation for the free cluster and discard
cluster list operations.  This avoid some code duplication, improved the
code readability, and reduced the total line number.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472067356-16004-1-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by: N"Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Modify the comment describing struct mm_walk->test_walk()s behaviour to
match the comment on walk_page_test() and the behaviour of
walk_page_vma().

Fixes: fafaa426 ("pagewalk: improve vma handling")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471622518-21980-1-git-send-email-james.morse@arm.comSigned-off-by: NJames Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There is a memory waste problem if we define field on struct page_ext by
hard-coding.  Entry size of struct page_ext includes the size of those
fields even if it is disabled at runtime.  Now, extra memory request at
runtime is possible so page_owner don't need to define it's own fields
by hard-coding.

This patch removes hard-coded define and uses extra memory for storing
page_owner information in page_owner.  Most of code are just mechanical
changes.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-7-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.comSigned-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Until now, if some page_ext users want to use it's own field on
page_ext, it should be defined in struct page_ext by hard-coding.  It
has a problem that wastes memory in following situation.

  struct page_ext {
   #ifdef CONFIG_A
  	int a;
   #endif
   #ifdef CONFIG_B
  	int b;
   #endif
  };

Assume that kernel is built with both CONFIG_A and CONFIG_B.  Even if we
enable feature A and doesn't enable feature B at runtime, each entry of
struct page_ext takes two int rather than one int.  It's undesirable
result so this patch tries to fix it.

To solve above problem, this patch implements to support extra space
allocation at runtime.  When need() callback returns true, it's extra
memory requirement is summed to entry size of page_ext.  Also, offset
for each user's extra memory space is returned.  With this offset, user
can use this extra space and there is no need to define needed field on
page_ext by hard-coding.

This patch only implements an infrastructure.  Following patch will use
it for page_owner which is only user having it's own fields on page_ext.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-6-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.comSigned-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There is no reason that page_owner specific function resides on
vmstat.c.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-4-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.comSigned-off-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: NSergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

throttle_vm_writeout() was introduced back in 2005 to fix OOMs caused by
excessive pageout activity during the reclaim.  Too many pages could be
put under writeback therefore LRUs would be full of unreclaimable pages
until the IO completes and in turn the OOM killer could be invoked.

There have been some important changes introduced since then in the
reclaim path though.  Writers are throttled by balance_dirty_pages when
initiating the buffered IO and later during the memory pressure, the
direct reclaim is throttled by wait_iff_congested if the node is
considered congested by dirty pages on LRUs and the underlying bdi is
congested by the queued IO.  The kswapd is throttled as well if it
encounters pages marked for immediate reclaim or under writeback which
signals that that there are too many pages under writeback already.
Finally should_reclaim_retry does congestion_wait if the reclaim cannot
make any progress and there are too many dirty/writeback pages.

Another important aspect is that we do not issue any IO from the direct
reclaim context anymore.  In a heavy parallel load this could queue a
lot of IO which would be very scattered and thus unefficient which would
just make the problem worse.

This three mechanisms should throttle and keep the amount of IO in a
steady state even under heavy IO and memory pressure so yet another
throttling point doesn't really seem helpful.  Quite contrary, Mikulas
Patocka has reported that swap backed by dm-crypt doesn't work properly
because the swapout IO cannot make sufficient progress as the writeout
path depends on dm_crypt worker which has to allocate memory to perform
the encryption.  In order to guarantee a forward progress it relies on
the mempool allocator.  mempool_alloc(), however, prefers to use the
underlying (usually page) allocator before it grabs objects from the
pool.  Such an allocation can dive into the memory reclaim and
consequently to throttle_vm_writeout.  If there are too many dirty or
pages under writeback it will get throttled even though it is in fact a
flusher to clear pending pages.

  kworker/u4:0    D ffff88003df7f438 10488     6      2	0x00000000
  Workqueue: kcryptd kcryptd_crypt [dm_crypt]
  Call Trace:
    schedule+0x3c/0x90
    schedule_timeout+0x1d8/0x360
    io_schedule_timeout+0xa4/0x110
    congestion_wait+0x86/0x1f0
    throttle_vm_writeout+0x44/0xd0
    shrink_zone_memcg+0x613/0x720
    shrink_zone+0xe0/0x300
    do_try_to_free_pages+0x1ad/0x450
    try_to_free_pages+0xef/0x300
    __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x879/0x1210
    alloc_pages_current+0xa1/0x1f0
    new_slab+0x2d7/0x6a0
    ___slab_alloc+0x3fb/0x5c0
    __slab_alloc+0x51/0x90
    kmem_cache_alloc+0x27b/0x310
    mempool_alloc_slab+0x1d/0x30
    mempool_alloc+0x91/0x230
    bio_alloc_bioset+0xbd/0x260
    kcryptd_crypt+0x114/0x3b0 [dm_crypt]

Let's just drop throttle_vm_writeout altogether.  It is not very much
helpful anymore.

I have tried to test a potential writeback IO runaway similar to the one
described in the original patch which has introduced that [1].  Small
virtual machine (512MB RAM, 4 CPUs, 2G of swap space and disk image on a
rather slow NFS in a sync mode on the host) with 8 parallel writers each
writing 1G worth of data.  As soon as the pagecache fills up and the
direct reclaim hits then I start anon memory consumer in a loop
(allocating 300M and exiting after populating it) in the background to
make the memory pressure even stronger as well as to disrupt the steady
state for the IO.  The direct reclaim is throttled because of the
congestion as well as kswapd hitting congestion_wait due to nr_immediate
but throttle_vm_writeout doesn't ever trigger the sleep throughout the
test.  Dirty+writeback are close to nr_dirty_threshold with some
fluctuations caused by the anon consumer.

[1] https://www2.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.9-rc1/2.6.9-rc1-mm3/broken-out/vm-pageout-throttling.patch
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471171473-21418-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Cc: Ondrej Kozina <okozina@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Compaction uses a watermark gap of (2UL << order) pages at various
places and it's not immediately obvious why.  Abstract it through a
compact_gap() wrapper to create a single place with a thorough
explanation.

[vbabka@suse.cz: clarify the comment of compact_gap()]
 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7b6aed1f-fdf8-2063-9ff4-bbe4de712d37@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-9-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: NLorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

During reclaim/compaction loop, it's desirable to get a final answer
from unsuccessful compaction so we can either fail the allocation or
invoke the OOM killer.  However, heuristics such as deferred compaction
or pageblock skip bits can cause compaction to skip parts or whole zones
and lead to premature OOM's, failures or excessive reclaim/compaction
retries.

To remedy this, we introduce a new direct compaction priority called
COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_FULL, which instructs direct compaction to:

 - ignore deferred compaction status for a zone
 - ignore pageblock skip hints
 - ignore cached scanner positions and scan the whole zone

The new priority should get eventually picked up by
should_compact_retry() and this should improve success rates for costly
allocations using __GFP_REPEAT, such as hugetlbfs allocations, and
reduce some corner-case OOM's for non-costly allocations.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-6-vbabka@suse.cz
[vbabka@suse.cz: use the MIN_COMPACT_PRIORITY alias]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d443b884-87e7-1c93-8684-3a3a35759fb1@suse.czSigned-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: NLorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

COMPACT_PARTIAL has historically meant that compaction returned after
doing some work without fully compacting a zone.  It however didn't
distinguish if compaction terminated because it succeeded in creating
the requested high-order page.  This has changed recently and now we
only return COMPACT_PARTIAL when compaction thinks it succeeded, or the
high-order watermark check in compaction_suitable() passes and no
compaction needs to be done.

So at this point we can make the return value clearer by renaming it to
COMPACT_SUCCESS.  The next patch will remove some redundant tests for
success where compaction just returned COMPACT_SUCCESS.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-4-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: NLorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since kswapd compaction moved to kcompactd, compact_pgdat() is not
called anymore, so we remove it.  The only caller of __compact_pgdat()
is compact_node(), so we merge them and remove code that was only
reachable from kswapd.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-3-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: NLorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It causes double align requirement for __get_vm_area_node() if parameter
size is power of 2 and VM_IOREMAP is set in parameter flags, for example
size=0x10000 -> fls_long(0x10000)=17 -> align=0x20000

get_count_order_long() is implemented and can be used instead of
fls_long() for fixing the bug, for example size=0x10000 ->
get_count_order_long(0x10000)=16 -> align=0x10000

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/get_order_long()/get_count_order_long()/]
[zijun_hu@zoho.com: fixes]
 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57AABC8B.1040409@zoho.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: locate get_count_order_long() next to get_count_order()]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: move get_count_order[_long] definitions to pick up fls_long()]
[zijun_hu@htc.com: move out get_count_order[_long]() from __KERNEL__ scope]
 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57B2C4CE.80303@zoho.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/fc045ecf-20fa-0722-b3ac-9a6140488fad@zoho.comSigned-off-by: Nzijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Nzijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When selecting an oom victim, we use the same heuristic for both memory
cgroup and global oom.  The only difference is the scope of tasks to
select the victim from.  So we could just export an iterator over all
memcg tasks and keep all oom related logic in oom_kill.c, but instead we
duplicate pieces of it in memcontrol.c reusing some initially private
functions of oom_kill.c in order to not duplicate all of it.  That looks
ugly and error prone, because any modification of select_bad_process
should also be propagated to mem_cgroup_out_of_memory.

Let's rework this as follows: keep all oom heuristic related code private
to oom_kill.c and make oom_kill.c use exported memcg functions when it's
really necessary (like in case of iterating over memcg tasks).

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470056933-7505-1-git-send-email-vdavydov@virtuozzo.comSigned-off-by: NVladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Though the time_before and time_after family of functions were nicely
extended to support jiffies64, so that the interface would be consistent,
it was forgotten to also extend the before/after jiffies functions to
support jiffies64.  This commit brings the interface to parity between
jiffies and jiffies64, which is quite convenient.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160929033319.12188-1-Jason@zx2c4.comSigned-off-by: NJason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fanotify code has its own lock (access_lock) to protect a list of events
waiting for a response from userspace.

However this is somewhat awkward as the same list_head in the event is
protected by notification_lock if it is part of the notification queue
and by access_lock if it is part of the fanotify private queue which
makes it difficult for any reliable checks in the generic code.  So make
fanotify use the same lock - notification_lock - for protecting its
private event list.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473797711-14111-6-git-send-email-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NLino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

notification_mutex is used to protect the list of pending events.  As such
there's no reason to use a sleeping lock for it.  Convert it to a
spinlock.

[jack@suse.cz: fixed version]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474031567-1831-1-git-send-email-jack@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473797711-14111-5-git-send-email-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NLino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de>
Tested-by: NGuenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NStephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Acked-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

When the underflow checks were added to workingset_node_shadow_dec(),
they triggered immediately:

  kernel BUG at ./include/linux/swap.h:276!
  invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
  Modules linked in: isofs usb_storage fuse xt_CHECKSUM ipt_MASQUERADE nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4 tun nf_conntrack_netbios_ns nf_conntrack_broadcast ip6t_REJECT nf_reject_ipv6
   soundcore wmi acpi_als pinctrl_sunrisepoint kfifo_buf tpm_tis industrialio acpi_pad pinctrl_intel tpm_tis_core tpm nfsd auth_rpcgss nfs_acl lockd grace sunrpc dm_crypt
  CPU: 0 PID: 20929 Comm: blkid Not tainted 4.8.0-rc8-00087-gbe67d60b #1
  Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/Z170-K, BIOS 1803 05/06/2016
  task: ffff8faa93ecd940 task.stack: ffff8faa7f478000
  RIP: page_cache_tree_insert+0xf1/0x100
  Call Trace:
    __add_to_page_cache_locked+0x12e/0x270
    add_to_page_cache_lru+0x4e/0xe0
    mpage_readpages+0x112/0x1d0
    blkdev_readpages+0x1d/0x20
    __do_page_cache_readahead+0x1ad/0x290
    force_page_cache_readahead+0xaa/0x100
    page_cache_sync_readahead+0x3f/0x50
    generic_file_read_iter+0x5af/0x740
    blkdev_read_iter+0x35/0x40
    __vfs_read+0xe1/0x130
    vfs_read+0x96/0x130
    SyS_read+0x55/0xc0
    entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x13/0x8f
  Code: 03 00 48 8b 5d d8 65 48 33 1c 25 28 00 00 00 44 89 e8 75 19 48 83 c4 18 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 5d c3 0f 0b 41 bd ef ff ff ff eb d7 <0f> 0b e8 88 68 ef ff 0f 1f 84 00
  RIP  page_cache_tree_insert+0xf1/0x100

This is a long-standing bug in the way shadow entries are accounted in
the radix tree nodes. The shrinker needs to know when radix tree nodes
contain only shadow entries, no pages, so node->count is split in half
to count shadows in the upper bits and pages in the lower bits.

Unfortunately, the radix tree implementation doesn't know of this and
assumes all entries are in node->count. When there is a shadow entry
directly in root->rnode and the tree is later extended, the radix tree
implementation will copy that entry into the new node and and bump its
node->count, i.e. increases the page count bits. Once the shadow gets
removed and we subtract from the upper counter, node->count underflows
and triggers the warning. Afterwards, without node->count reaching 0
again, the radix tree node is leaked.

Limit shadow entries to when we have actual radix tree nodes and can
count them properly. That means we lose the ability to detect refaults
from files that had only the first page faulted in at eviction time.

Fixes: 449dd698 ("mm: keep page cache radix tree nodes in check")
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-and-tested-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This function is only used in a single place and no new users will be
added as all the devices other required GPIOs are already handled. As
such just merge the code back into the calling function.
Signed-off-by: NCharles Keepax <ckeepax@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>

The McPDM in OMAP4/5 is using the pdmclk from twl6040 as functional clock.
The twl6040-pdmclk driver provides a clock which can be used to make sure
that the pdmclk is active when the McPDM is in use.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Ujfalusi <peter.ujfalusi@ti.com>
Acked-by: NRob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

There are no call sites for these functions.  Strip them out.
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

Due to the lack of parity in the way array fields have been named/
numbered, a mistake was made where more debug fields were declared
than actually existed.  In doing so, 2 fields were added, which
although unclear, were already declared in the array.  The result
was that the latter declarations trashed the former ones.

This patch places the array back in the correct order and removes
the offending NULL entries.

While we're at it, let's ensure this doesn't happen again by naming
each field properly and add a new *_LAST define to describe how
many fields there should be.
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

When building with -Woverride-init, we get a warning about an incorrect
initializer:

drivers/mfd/rk808.c:244:8: error: initialized field overwritten [-Werror=override-init]
  [RK818_IRQ_DISCHG_ILIM] = {

This is clearly a mistake, as both RK818_IRQ_DISCHG_ILIM and RK818_IRQ_USB_OV
are defined as '7', but they refer to different register bits. Changing
RK818_IRQ_DISCHG_ILIM to 15 is consistent with how all other 14 interrupts are
handled here, so I'm assuming this is what it should have been.

Fixes: 2eedcbfc ("mfd: rk808: Add RK818 support")
Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: NAndy Yan <andy.yan@rock-chips.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

The mutex is not used, so remove it.
Signed-off-by: NAxel Lin <axel.lin@ingics.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

Add support for handling IRQs: power button, AC and USB power state
changes. Mask and interrupt bits are shared within one register, which
prevents us to use regmap_irq implementation. New irq_domain is created in
order to add interrupt handling for each tps65217's subsystem. IRQ
resources have been added for charger subsystem to be able to notify about
AC and USB state changes.
Signed-off-by: NMarcin Niestroj <m.niestroj@grinn-global.com>
Reviewed-by: NGrygorii Strashko <grygorii.strashko@ti.com>
Tested-by: NTony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

This patch adds common driver for the Top block of the Samsung Exynos
SoC Low Power Audio Subsystem.  This is a minimal driver which prepares
resources for IP blocks like I2S, audio DMA and UART and exposes
a regmap for the Top block registers.  Also system power ops are added
to ensure the Audio Subsystem is operational after system suspend/resume
cycle.
Signed-off-by: NInha Song <ideal.song@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NBeomho Seo <beomho.seo@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NSylwester Nawrocki <s.nawrocki@samsung.com>
Tested-by: NChanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

Change my email address to kernel.org instead of Samsung one for the
purpose of any future contact.  The copyrights remain untouched and are
attributed to Samsung.
Signed-off-by: NKrzysztof Kozlowski <k.kozlowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

set_bit() and clear_bit() take the bit number so this code is really
doing "1 << (1 << irq)" which is a double shift bug.  It's done
consistently so it won't cause a problem unless "irq" is more than 4.

Fixes: 70c6cce0 ('mfd: Support 88pm80x in 80x driver')
Signed-off-by: NDan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>

Remove incorrect e-mail addresses from the copyright header and
MODULE_AUTHOR() macro. These e-mail addresses are no longer in use.

The author names have not been changed, only the e-mail addresses have
been deleted from the source files.
Signed-off-by: NSteve Twiss <stwiss.opensource@diasemi.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>