The mapping_unevictable() has a likely() around the mapping parameter.
This mapping parameter comes from page_mapping() which has an unlikely()
that the page will be set as PAGE_MAPPING_ANON, and if so, it will return
NULL.  One would think that this unlikely() means that the mapping
returned by page_mapping() would not be NULL, but where page_mapping() is
used just above mapping_unevictable(), that unlikely() is incorrect most
of the time.  This means that the "likely(mapping)" in
mapping_unevictable() is incorrect most of the time.

Running the annotated branch profiler on my main box which runs firefox,
evolution, xchat and is part of my distcc farm, I had this:

 correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
 ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
12872836 1269443893  98 mapping_unevictable            pagemap.h            51
35935762 1270265395  97 page_mapping                   mm.h                 659
1306198001   143659   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 657
203131478   121586   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 657
 5415491     1116   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 657
74899487     1116   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 657
203132845      224   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 659
 5415464       27   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 659
   13552        0   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 657
   13552        0   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 659
  242630        0   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 657
  242630        0   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 659
74899487        0   0 page_mapping                   mm.h                 659

The page_mapping() is a static inline, which is why it shows up multiple
times.  The mapping_unevictable() is also a static inline but seems to be
used only once in my setup.

The unlikely in page_mapping() was correct a total of 1909540379 times and
incorrect 1270533123 times, with a 39% being incorrect.  Perhaps this is
enough to remove the unlikely from page_mapping() as well.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

IS_ERR() already implies unlikely(), so it can be omitted here.
Signed-off-by: NTobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Today, tasklist_lock in migrate_pages doesn't protect anything.
rcu_read_lock() provide enough protection from pid hash walk.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

__get_user_pages gets a new 'nonblocking' parameter to signal that the
caller is prepared to re-acquire mmap_sem and retry the operation if
needed.  This is used to split off long operations if they are going to
block on a disk transfer, or when we detect contention on the mmap_sem.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove ref to rwsem_is_contended()]
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use a single code path for faulting in pages during mlock.

The reason to have it in this patch series is that I did not want to
update both code paths in a later change that releases mmap_sem when
blocking on disk.
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Move the code to mlock pages from __mlock_vma_pages_range() to
follow_page().

This allows __mlock_vma_pages_range() to not have to break down work into
16-page batches.

An additional motivation for doing this within the present patch series is
that it'll make it easier for a later chagne to drop mmap_sem when
blocking on disk (we'd like to be able to resume at the page that was read
from disk instead of at the start of a 16-page batch).
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently mlock() holds mmap_sem in exclusive mode while the pages get
faulted in.  In the case of a large mlock, this can potentially take a
very long time, during which various commands such as 'ps auxw' will
block.  This makes sysadmins unhappy:

real    14m36.232s
user    0m0.003s
sys     0m0.015s
(output from 'time ps auxw' while a 20GB file was being mlocked without
being previously preloaded into page cache)

I propose that mlock() could release mmap_sem after the VM_LOCKED bits
have been set in all appropriate VMAs.  Then a second pass could be done
to actually mlock the pages, in small batches, releasing mmap_sem when we
block on disk access or when we detect some contention.

This patch:

Before this change, mlock() holds mmap_sem in exclusive mode while the
pages get faulted in.  In the case of a large mlock, this can potentially
take a very long time.  Various things will block while mmap_sem is held,
including 'ps auxw'.  This can make sysadmins angry.

I propose that mlock() could release mmap_sem after the VM_LOCKED bits
have been set in all appropriate VMAs.  Then a second pass could be done
to actually mlock the pages with mmap_sem held for reads only.  We need to
recheck the vma flags after we re-acquire mmap_sem, but this is easy.

In the case where a vma has been munlocked before mlock completes, pages
that were already marked as PageMlocked() are handled by the munlock()
call, and mlock() is careful to not mark new page batches as PageMlocked()
after the munlock() call has cleared the VM_LOCKED vma flags.  So, the end
result will be identical to what'd happen if munlock() had executed after
the mlock() call.

In a later change, I will allow the second pass to release mmap_sem when
blocking on disk accesses or when it is otherwise contended, so that it
won't be held for long periods of time even in shared mode.
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Tested-by: NValdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When faulting in pages for mlock(), we want to break COW for anonymous or
file pages within VM_WRITABLE, non-VM_SHARED vmas.  However, there is no
need to write-fault into VM_SHARED vmas since shared file pages can be
mlocked first and dirtied later, when/if they actually get written to.
Skipping the write fault is desirable, as we don't want to unnecessarily
cause these pages to be dirtied and queued for writeback.
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@google.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Reorganize the code so that dirty pages are handled closer to the place
that makes them dirty (handling write fault into shared, writable VMAs).
No behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@google.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mlocking a shared, writable vma currently causes the corresponding pages
to be marked as dirty and queued for writeback.  This seems rather
unnecessary given that the pages are not being actually modified during
mlock.  It is understood that for non-shared mappings (file or anon) we
want to use a write fault in order to break COW, but there is just no such
need for shared mappings.

The first two patches in this series do not introduce any behavior change.
 The intent there is to make it obvious that dirtying file pages is only
done in the (writable, shared) case.  I think this clarifies the code, but
I wouldn't mind dropping these two patches if there is no consensus about
them.

The last patch is where we actually avoid dirtying shared mappings during
mlock.  Note that as a side effect of this, we won't call page_mkwrite()
for the mappings that define it, and won't be pre-allocating data blocks
at the FS level if the mapped file was sparsely allocated.  My
understanding is that mlock does not need to provide such guarantee, as
evidenced by the fact that it never did for the filesystems that don't
define page_mkwrite() - including some common ones like ext3.  However, I
would like to gather feedback on this from filesystem people as a
precaution.  If this turns out to be a showstopper, maybe block
preallocation can be added back on using a different interface.

Large shared mlocks are getting significantly (>2x) faster in my tests, as
the disk can be fully used for reading the file instead of having to share
between this and writeback.

This patch:

Reorganize the code to remove the 'reuse' flag.  No behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@google.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Temporary IO failures, eg.  due to loss of both multipath paths, can
permanently leave the PageError bit set on a page, resulting in msync or
fsync returning -EIO over and over again, even if IO is now getting to the
disk correctly.

We already clear the AS_ENOSPC and AS_IO bits in mapping->flags in the
filemap_fdatawait_range function.  Also clearing the PageError bit on the
page allows subsequent msync or fsync calls on this file to return without
an error, if the subsequent IO succeeds.

Unfortunately data written out in the msync or fsync call that returned
-EIO can still get lost, because the page dirty bit appears to not get
restored on IO error.  However, the alternative could be potentially all
of memory filling up with uncleanable dirty pages, hanging the system, so
there is no nice choice here...
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NValerie Aurora <vaurora@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Acked-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We'd like to be able to oom_score_adj a process up/down as it
enters/leaves the foreground.  Currently, it is not possible to oom_adj
down without CAP_SYS_RESOURCE.  This patch allows a task to decrease its
oom_score_adj back to the value that a CAP_SYS_RESOURCE thread set it to
or its inherited value at fork.  Assuming the thread that has forked it
has oom_score_adj of 0, each process could decrease it back from 0 upon
activation unless a CAP_SYS_RESOURCE thread elevated it to something
higher.

Alternative considered:

* a setuid binary
* a daemon with CAP_SYS_RESOURCE

Since you don't wan't all processes to be able to reduce their oom_adj, a
setuid or daemon implementation would be complex.  The alternatives also
have much higher overhead.

This patch updated from original patch based on feedback from David
Rientjes.
Signed-off-by: NMandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Four architectures (arm, mips, sparc, x86) use __vmalloc_area() for
module_init().  Much of the code is duplicated and can be generalized in a
globally accessible function, __vmalloc_node_range().

__vmalloc_node() now calls into __vmalloc_node_range() with a range of
[VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END) for functionally equivalent behavior.

Each architecture may then use __vmalloc_node_range() directly to remove
the duplication of code.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pcpu_get_vm_areas() only uses GFP_KERNEL allocations, so remove the gfp_t
formal and use the mask internally.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

get_vm_area_node() is unused in the kernel and can thus be removed.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

With compaction being used instead of lumpy reclaim, the name lumpy_mode
and associated variables is a bit misleading.  Rename lumpy_mode to
reclaim_mode which is a better fit.  There is no functional change.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

try_to_compact_pages() is initially called to only migrate pages
asychronously and kswapd always compacts asynchronously.  Both are being
optimistic so it is important to complete the work as quickly as possible
to minimise stalls.

This patch alters the scanner when asynchronous to only consider
MIGRATE_MOVABLE pageblocks as migration candidates.  This reduces stalls
when allocating huge pages while not impairing allocation success rates as
a full scan will be performed if necessary after direct reclaim.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

With the introduction of the boolean sync parameter, the API looks a
little inconsistent as offlining is still an int.  Convert offlining to a
bool for the sake of being tidy.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: migration: allow migration to operate asynchronously and avoid synchronous compaction in the faster path

Migration synchronously waits for writeback if the initial passes fails.
Callers of memory compaction do not necessarily want this behaviour if the
caller is latency sensitive or expects that synchronous migration is not
going to have a significantly better success rate.

This patch adds a sync parameter to migrate_pages() allowing the caller to
indicate if wait_on_page_writeback() is allowed within migration or not.
For reclaim/compaction, try_to_compact_pages() is first called
asynchronously, direct reclaim runs and then try_to_compact_pages() is
called synchronously as there is a greater expectation that it'll succeed.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build/merge fix]
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Lumpy reclaim is disruptive.  It reclaims a large number of pages and
ignores the age of the pages it reclaims.  This can incur significant
stalls and potentially increase the number of major faults.

Compaction has reached the point where it is considered reasonably stable
(meaning it has passed a lot of testing) and is a potential candidate for
displacing lumpy reclaim.  This patch introduces an alternative to lumpy
reclaim whe compaction is available called reclaim/compaction.  The basic
operation is very simple - instead of selecting a contiguous range of
pages to reclaim, a number of order-0 pages are reclaimed and then
compaction is later by either kswapd (compact_zone_order()) or direct
compaction (__alloc_pages_direct_compact()).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use conventional task_struct naming]
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently lumpy_mode is an enum and determines if lumpy reclaim is off,
syncronous or asyncronous.  In preparation for using compaction instead of
lumpy reclaim, this patch converts the flags into a bitmap.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In preparation for a patches promoting the use of memory compaction over
lumpy reclaim, this patch adds trace points for memory compaction
activity.  Using them, we can monitor the scanning activity of the
migration and free page scanners as well as the number and success rates
of pages passed to page migration.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently there is no way to find whether a process has locked its pages
in memory or not.  And which of the memory regions are locked in memory.

Add a new field "Locked" to export this information via the smaps file.
Signed-off-by: NNikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de>
Acked-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NJoe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <trivial@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Merge mpage_end_io_read() and mpage_end_io_write() into mpage_end_io() to
eliminate code duplication.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NHai Shan <shan.hai@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Testing ->mapping and ->index without a ref is not stable as the page
may have been reused at this point.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Reviewed-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently, kswapd() has deep nesting and is slightly hard to read.  Clean
this up.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

__set_page_dirty_no_writeback() should return true if it actually
transitioned the page from a clean to dirty state although it seems nobody
uses its return value at present.
Signed-off-by: NBob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use correct function name, remove incorrect apostrophe

Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When wb_writeback() is called in WB_SYNC_ALL mode, work->nr_to_write is
usually set to LONG_MAX.  The logic in wb_writeback() then calls
__writeback_inodes_sb() with nr_to_write == MAX_WRITEBACK_PAGES and we
easily end up with non-positive nr_to_write after the function returns, if
the inode has more than MAX_WRITEBACK_PAGES dirty pages at the moment.

When nr_to_write is <= 0 wb_writeback() decides we need another round of
writeback but this is wrong in some cases!  For example when a single
large file is continuously dirtied, we would never finish syncing it
because each pass would be able to write MAX_WRITEBACK_PAGES and inode
dirty timestamp never gets updated (as inode is never completely clean).
Thus __writeback_inodes_sb() would write the redirtied inode again and
again.

Fix the issue by setting nr_to_write to LONG_MAX in WB_SYNC_ALL mode.  We
do not need nr_to_write in WB_SYNC_ALL mode anyway since
write_cache_pages() does livelock avoidance using page tagging in
WB_SYNC_ALL mode.

This makes wb_writeback() call __writeback_inodes_sb() only once on
WB_SYNC_ALL.  The latter function won't livelock because it works on

- a finite set of files by doing queue_io() once at the beginning
- a finite set of pages by PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE page tagging

After this patch, program from http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/10/24/154 is no
longer able to stall sync forever.

[fengguang.wu@intel.com: fix locking comment]
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Background writeback is easily livelockable in a loop in wb_writeback() by
a process continuously re-dirtying pages (or continuously appending to a
file).  This is in fact intended as the target of background writeback is
to write dirty pages it can find as long as we are over
dirty_background_threshold.

But the above behavior gets inconvenient at times because no other work
queued in the flusher thread's queue gets processed.  In particular, since
e.g.  sync(1) relies on flusher thread to do all the IO for it, sync(1)
can hang forever waiting for flusher thread to do the work.

Generally, when a flusher thread has some work queued, someone submitted
the work to achieve a goal more specific than what background writeback
does.  Moreover by working on the specific work, we also reduce amount of
dirty pages which is exactly the target of background writeout.  So it
makes sense to give specific work a priority over a generic page cleaning.

Thus we interrupt background writeback if there is some other work to do.
We return to the background writeback after completing all the queued
work.

This may delay the writeback of expired inodes for a while, however the
expired inodes will eventually be flushed to disk as long as the other
works won't livelock.

[fengguang.wu@intel.com: update comment]
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This tracks when balance_dirty_pages() tries to wakeup the flusher thread
for background writeback (if it was not started already).
Suggested-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Check whether background writeback is needed after finishing each work.

When bdi flusher thread finishes doing some work check whether any kind of
background writeback needs to be done (either because
dirty_background_ratio is exceeded or because we need to start flushing
old inodes).  If so, just do background write back.

This way, bdi_start_background_writeback() just needs to wake up the
flusher thread.  It will do background writeback as soon as there is no
other work.

This is a preparatory patch for the next patch which stops background
writeback as soon as there is other work to do.
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

reduce_pgdat_percpu_threshold() and restore_pgdat_percpu_threshold() exist
to adjust the per-cpu vmstat thresholds while kswapd is awake to avoid
errors due to counter drift.  The functions duplicate some code so this
patch replaces them with a single set_pgdat_percpu_threshold() that takes
a callback function to calculate the desired threshold as a parameter.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: readability tweak]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: set_pgdat_percpu_threshold(): don't use for_each_online_cpu]
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit aa454840 ("calculate a better estimate of NR_FREE_PAGES when memory
is low") noted that watermarks were based on the vmstat NR_FREE_PAGES.  To
avoid synchronization overhead, these counters are maintained on a per-cpu
basis and drained both periodically and when a threshold is above a
threshold.  On large CPU systems, the difference between the estimate and
real value of NR_FREE_PAGES can be very high.  The system can get into a
case where pages are allocated far below the min watermark potentially
causing livelock issues.  The commit solved the problem by taking a better
reading of NR_FREE_PAGES when memory was low.

Unfortately, as reported by Shaohua Li this accurate reading can consume a
large amount of CPU time on systems with many sockets due to cache line
bouncing.  This patch takes a different approach.  For large machines
where counter drift might be unsafe and while kswapd is awake, the per-cpu
thresholds for the target pgdat are reduced to limit the level of drift to
what should be a safe level.  This incurs a performance penalty in heavy
memory pressure by a factor that depends on the workload and the machine
but the machine should function correctly without accidentally exhausting
all memory on a node.  There is an additional cost when kswapd wakes and
sleeps but the event is not expected to be frequent - in Shaohua's test
case, there was one recorded sleep and wake event at least.

To ensure that kswapd wakes up, a safe version of zone_watermark_ok() is
introduced that takes a more accurate reading of NR_FREE_PAGES when called
from wakeup_kswapd, when deciding whether it is really safe to go back to
sleep in sleeping_prematurely() and when deciding if a zone is really
balanced or not in balance_pgdat().  We are still using an expensive
function but limiting how often it is called.

When the test case is reproduced, the time spent in the watermark
functions is reduced.  The following report is on the percentage of time
spent cumulatively spent in the functions zone_nr_free_pages(),
zone_watermark_ok(), __zone_watermark_ok(), zone_watermark_ok_safe(),
zone_page_state_snapshot(), zone_page_state().

vanilla                      11.6615%
disable-threshold            0.2584%

David said:

: We had to pull aa454840 "mm: page allocator: calculate a better estimate
: of NR_FREE_PAGES when memory is low and kswapd is awake" from 2.6.36
: internally because tests showed that it would cause the machine to stall
: as the result of heavy kswapd activity.  I merged it back with this fix as
: it is pending in the -mm tree and it solves the issue we were seeing, so I
: definitely think this should be pushed to -stable (and I would seriously
: consider it for 2.6.37 inclusion even at this late date).
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reported-by: NShaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Tested-by: NNicolas Bareil <nico@chdir.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>		[2.6.37.1, 2.6.36.x]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This warning was added in commit bdff746a ("clone: prepare to recycle
CLONE_STOPPED") three years ago.  2.6.26 came and went.  As far as I know,
no-one is actually using CLONE_STOPPED.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When working in RS485 mode, the atmel_serial driver keeps RTS high after
the initialization of the serial port.  It goes low only after the first
character has been sent.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify code]
Signed-off-by: NClaudio Scordino <claudio@evidence.eu.com>
Signed-off-by: NArkadiusz Bubala <arkadiusz.bubala@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NArkadiusz Bubala <arkadiusz.bubala@gmail.com>
Cc: Nicolas Ferre <nicolas.ferre@atmel.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use modern per_cpu API to increment {soft|hard}irq counters, and use
per_cpu allocation for (struct irq_desc)->kstats_irq instead of an array.

This gives better SMP/NUMA locality and saves few instructions per irq.

With small nr_cpuids values (8 for example), kstats_irq was a small array
(less than L1_CACHE_BYTES), potentially source of false sharing.

In the !CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ case, remove the huge, NUMA/cache unfriendly
kstat_irqs_all[NR_IRQS][NR_CPUS] array.

Note: we still populate kstats_irq for all possible irqs in
early_irq_init().  We probably could use on-demand allocations.  (Code
included in alloc_descs()).  Problem is not all IRQS are used with a prior
alloc_descs() call.

kstat_irqs_this_cpu() is not used anymore, remove it.
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since the original maintainer-Joseph Chan (josephchan@via.com.tw) doesn't
handle the Linux driver for VIA now, I would like to request to update the
maintainer for the SD/MMC CARD CONTROLLER DRIVER and VIA
UNICHROME(PRO)/CHROME9 FRAMEBUFFER DRIVER before we find a better one.
Signed-off-by: NBruce Chang <brucechang@via.com.tw>
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Tobias Schandinat <FlorianSchandinat@gmx.de>
Cc: Joseph Chan <JosephChan@via.com.tw>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Harald Welte <HaraldWelte@viatech.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/agk/linux-2.6-dm: (32 commits)
  dm: raid456 basic support
  dm: per target unplug callback support
  dm: introduce target callbacks and congestion callback
  dm mpath: delay activate_path retry on SCSI_DH_RETRY
  dm: remove superfluous irq disablement in dm_request_fn
  dm log: use PTR_ERR value instead of ENOMEM
  dm snapshot: avoid storing private suspended state
  dm snapshot: persistent make metadata_wq multithreaded
  dm: use non reentrant workqueues if equivalent
  dm: convert workqueues to alloc_ordered
  dm stripe: switch from local workqueue to system_wq
  dm: dont use flush_scheduled_work
  dm snapshot: remove unused dm_snapshot queued_bios_work
  dm ioctl: suppress needless warning messages
  dm crypt: add loop aes iv generator
  dm crypt: add multi key capability
  dm crypt: add post iv call to iv generator
  dm crypt: use io thread for reads only if mempool exhausted
  dm crypt: scale to multiple cpus
  dm crypt: simplify compatible table output
  ...