Make __FIXADDR_TOP a variable, so that it can be set to not get in the way of
address space a hypervisor may want to reserve.

Original patch by Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

It's a little neater, and also means only one place to patch for
paravirtualization.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add "always lock'd" implementations of set_bit, clear_bit and change_bit and
the corresponding test_and_ functions.  Also add "always lock'd"
implementation of cmpxchg.  These give guaranteed strong synchronisation and
are required for non-SMP kernels running on an SMP hypervisor.
Signed-off-by: NIan Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NRolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patchset adds the necessary drivers and infrastructure to access the
external flash on the ATSTK1000 board through the MTD subsystem.  With this
stuff in place, it will be possible to use a jffs2 filesystem stored in the
external flash as a root filesystem.  It might also be possible to update the
boot loader if you drop the write protection of partition 0.

As suggested by David Woodhouse, I reworked the patches to use the physmap
driver instead of introducing a separate mapping driver for the ATSTK1000.
I've also cleaned up the hsmc header by removing useless comments and
converting spaces to tabs (my headerfile generator needs some work.)

Unfortunately, I couldn't unlock the flash in fixup_use_atmel_lock because the
erase regions hadn't been set up yet, so I had to do it from cfi_amdstd_setup
instead.

This patch:

This adds a simple API for configuring the static memory controller along with
an implementation for the Atmel HSMC.
Signed-off-by: NHaavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This adds support for the Atmel AVR32 architecture as well as the AT32AP7000
CPU and the AT32STK1000 development board.

AVR32 is a new high-performance 32-bit RISC microprocessor core, designed for
cost-sensitive embedded applications, with particular emphasis on low power
consumption and high code density.  The AVR32 architecture is not binary
compatible with earlier 8-bit AVR architectures.

The AVR32 architecture, including the instruction set, is described by the
AVR32 Architecture Manual, available from

http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc32000.pdf

The Atmel AT32AP7000 is the first CPU implementing the AVR32 architecture.  It
features a 7-stage pipeline, 16KB instruction and data caches and a full
Memory Management Unit.  It also comes with a large set of integrated
peripherals, many of which are shared with the AT91 ARM-based controllers from
Atmel.

Full data sheet is available from

http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc32003.pdf

while the CPU core implementation including caches and MMU is documented by
the AVR32 AP Technical Reference, available from

http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc32001.pdf

Information about the AT32STK1000 development board can be found at

http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=3918

including a BSP CD image with an earlier version of this patch, development
tools (binaries and source/patches) and a root filesystem image suitable for
booting from SD card.

Alternatively, there's a preliminary "getting started" guide available at
http://avr32linux.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/GettingStarted which provides links
to the sources and patches you will need in order to set up a cross-compiling
environment for avr32-linux.

This patch, as well as the other patches included with the BSP and the
toolchain patches, is actively supported by Atmel Corporation.

[dmccr@us.ibm.com: Fix more pxx_page macro locations]
[bunk@stusta.de: fix `make defconfig']
Signed-off-by: NHaavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: NDave McCracken <dmccr@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The third argument of au1xxx_dbdma_chan_alloc's callback function is not
used anywhere.
Signed-off-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Optimise ffs(x) by using fls(x & x - 1) which we optimise to use the SCAN
instruction.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Implement fls64() for FRV without recource to conditional jumps.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Fix FRV fls() to handle bit 31 being set correctly (it should return 32 not 0).
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Permit __do_IRQ() to be dispensed with based on a configuration option.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Make the FRV arch use the generic IRQ code rather than having its own
routines for doing so.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Replace ctxid with sid in selinux_audit_rule_match interface for
consistency with other interfaces.
Signed-off-by: NStephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Acked-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Rename selinux_ctxid_to_string to selinux_sid_to_string to be
consistent with other interfaces.
Signed-off-by: NStephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Acked-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Eliminate selinux_task_ctxid since it duplicates selinux_task_get_sid.
Signed-off-by: NStephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Acked-by: NJames Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

There are many places where we need to determine the node of a zone.
Currently we use a difficult to read sequence of pointer dereferencing.
Put that into an inline function and use throughout VM.  Maybe we can find
a way to optimize the lookup in the future.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Currently one can enable slab reclaim by setting an explicit option in
/proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode.  Slab reclaim is then used as a final
option if the freeing of unmapped file backed pages is not enough to free
enough pages to allow a local allocation.

However, that means that the slab can grow excessively and that most memory
of a node may be used by slabs.  We have had a case where a machine with
46GB of memory was using 40-42GB for slab.  Zone reclaim was effective in
dealing with pagecache pages.  However, slab reclaim was only done during
global reclaim (which is a bit rare on NUMA systems).

This patch implements slab reclaim during zone reclaim.  Zone reclaim
occurs if there is a danger of an off node allocation.  At that point we

1. Shrink the per node page cache if the number of pagecache
   pages is more than min_unmapped_ratio percent of pages in a zone.

2. Shrink the slab cache if the number of the nodes reclaimable slab pages
   (patch depends on earlier one that implements that counter)
   are more than min_slab_ratio (a new /proc/sys/vm tunable).

The shrinking of the slab cache is a bit problematic since it is not node
specific.  So we simply calculate what point in the slab we want to reach
(current per node slab use minus the number of pages that neeed to be
allocated) and then repeately run the global reclaim until that is
unsuccessful or we have reached the limit.  I hope we will have zone based
slab reclaim at some point which will make that easier.

The default for the min_slab_ratio is 5%

Also remove the slab option from /proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode.

[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Remove the atomic counter for slab_reclaim_pages and replace the counter
and NR_SLAB with two ZVC counter that account for unreclaimable and
reclaimable slab pages: NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE.

Change the check in vmscan.c to refer to to NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE.  The
intend seems to be to check for slab pages that could be freed.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

*_pages is a better description of the role of the variable.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

One of the changes necessary for shared page tables is to standardize the
pxx_page macros.  pte_page and pmd_page have always returned the struct
page associated with their entry, while pte_page_kernel and pmd_page_kernel
have returned the kernel virtual address.  pud_page and pgd_page, on the
other hand, return the kernel virtual address.

Shared page tables needs pud_page and pgd_page to return the actual page
structures.  There are very few actual users of these functions, so it is
simple to standardize their usage.

Since this is basic cleanup, I am submitting these changes as a standalone
patch.  Per Hugh Dickins' comments about it, I am also changing the
pxx_page_kernel macros to pxx_page_vaddr to clarify their meaning.
Signed-off-by: NDave McCracken <dmccr@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

In many places we will need to use the same combination of flags.  Specify
a single GFP_THISNODE definition for ease of use in gfp.h.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] Add __GFP_THISNODE to avoid fallback to other nodes and ignore cpuset/memory policy restrictions

Add a new gfp flag __GFP_THISNODE to avoid fallback to other nodes.  This
flag is essential if a kernel component requires memory to be located on a
certain node.  It will be needed for alloc_pages_node() to force allocation
on the indicated node and for alloc_pages() to force allocation on the
current node.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[akpm@osdl.org: export fix]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Let's try to keep mm/ comments more useful and up to date. This is a start.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Introduce ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT which can be set per architecture to
override the 4GB default limit used by the bootmem allocater within
__alloc_bootmem_low() and __alloc_bootmem_low_node().  E.g.  s390 needs a
2GB limit instead of 4GB.
Acked-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

lock_page needs the caller to have a reference on the page->mapping inode
due to sync_page, ergo set_page_dirty_lock is obviously buggy according to
its comments.

Solve it by introducing a new lock_page_nosync which does not do a sync_page.

akpm: unpleasant solution to an unpleasant problem.  If it goes wrong it could
cause great slowdowns while the lock_page() caller waits for kblockd to
perform the unplug.  And if a filesystem has special sync_page() requirements
(none presently do), permanent hangs are possible.

otoh, set_page_dirty_lock() is usually (always?) called against userspace
pages.  They are always up-to-date, so there shouldn't be any pending read I/O
against these pages.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch splits alloc_percpu() up into two phases.  Likewise for
free_percpu().  This allows clients to limit initial allocations to online
cpu's, and to populate or depopulate per-cpu data at run time as needed:

  struct my_struct *obj;

  /* initial allocation for online cpu's */
  obj = percpu_alloc(sizeof(struct my_struct), GFP_KERNEL);

  ...

  /* populate per-cpu data for cpu coming online */
  ptr = percpu_populate(obj, sizeof(struct my_struct), GFP_KERNEL, cpu);

  ...

  /* access per-cpu object */
  ptr = percpu_ptr(obj, smp_processor_id());

  ...

  /* depopulate per-cpu data for cpu going offline */
  percpu_depopulate(obj, cpu);

  ...

  /* final removal */
  percpu_free(obj);
Signed-off-by: NMartin Peschke <mp3@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add a notifer chain to the out of memory killer.  If one of the registered
callbacks could release some memory, do not kill the process but return and
retry the allocation that forced the oom killer to run.

The purpose of the notifier is to add a safety net in the presence of
memory ballooners.  If the resource manager inflated the balloon to a size
where memory allocations can not be satisfied anymore, it is better to
deflate the balloon a bit instead of killing processes.

The implementation for the s390 ballooner is included.

[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

I wonder why we need this bitmask indexing into zone->node_zonelists[]?

We always start with the highest zone and then include all lower zones
if we build zonelists.

Are there really cases where we need allocation from ZONE_DMA or
ZONE_HIGHMEM but not ZONE_NORMAL? It seems that the current implementation
of highest_zone() makes that already impossible.

If we go linear on the index then gfp_zone() == highest_zone() and a lot
of definitions fall by the wayside.

We can now revert back to the use of gfp_zone() in mempolicy.c ;-)
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

After we have done this we can now do some typing cleanup.

The memory policy layer keeps a policy_zone that specifies
the zone that gets memory policies applied. This variable
can now be of type enum zone_type.

The check_highest_zone function and the build_zonelists funnctionm must
then also take a enum zone_type parameter.

Plus there are a number of loops over zones that also should use
zone_type.

We run into some troubles at some points with functions that need a
zone_type variable to become -1. Fix that up.

[pj@sgi.com: fix set_mempolicy() crash]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

There is a check in zonelist_policy that compares pieces of the bitmap
obtained from a gfp mask via GFP_ZONETYPES with a zone number in function
zonelist_policy().

The bitmap is an ORed mask of __GFP_DMA, __GFP_DMA32 and __GFP_HIGHMEM.
The policy_zone is a zone number with the possible values of ZONE_DMA,
ZONE_DMA32, ZONE_HIGHMEM and ZONE_NORMAL. These are two different domains
of values.

For some reason seemed to work before the zone reduction patchset (It
definitely works on SGI boxes since we just have one zone and the check
cannot fail).

With the zone reduction patchset this check definitely fails on systems
with two zones if the system actually has memory in both zones.

This is because ZONE_NORMAL is selected using no __GFP flag at
all and thus gfp_zone(gfpmask) == 0. ZONE_DMA is selected when __GFP_DMA
is set. __GFP_DMA is 0x01.  So gfp_zone(gfpmask) == 1.

policy_zone is set to ZONE_NORMAL (==1) if ZONE_NORMAL and ZONE_DMA are
populated.

For ZONE_NORMAL gfp_zone(<no _GFP_DMA>) yields 0 which is <
policy_zone(ZONE_NORMAL) and so policy is not applied to regular memory
allocations!

Instead gfp_zone(__GFP_DMA) == 1 which results in policy being applied
to DMA allocations!

What we realy want in that place is to establish the highest allowable
zone for a given gfp_mask. If the highest zone is higher or equal to the
policy_zone then memory policies need to be applied. We have such
a highest_zone() function in page_alloc.c.

So move the highest_zone() function from mm/page_alloc.c into
include/linux/gfp.h.  On the way we simplify the function and use the new
zone_type that was also introduced with the zone reduction patchset plus we
also specify the right type for the gfp flags parameter.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

eventcounters: Do not display counters for zones that are not available on an
arch

Do not define or display counters for the DMA32 and the HIGHMEM zone if such
zones were not configured.

[akpm@osdl.org: s390 fix]
[heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com: s390 fix]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Make ZONE_HIGHMEM optional

- ifdef out code and definitions related to CONFIG_HIGHMEM

- __GFP_HIGHMEM falls back to normal allocations if there is no
  ZONE_HIGHMEM

- GFP_ZONEMASK becomes 0x01 if there is no DMA32 and no HIGHMEM
  zone.

[jdike@addtoit.com: build fix]
Signed-off-by: NJeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Make ZONE_DMA32 optional

- Add #ifdefs around ZONE_DMA32 specific code and definitions.

- Add CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 config option and use that for x86_64
  that alone needs this zone.

- Remove the use of CONFIG_DMA_IS_DMA32 and CONFIG_DMA_IS_NORMAL
  for ia64 and fix up the way per node ZVCs are calculated.

- Fall back to prior GFP_ZONEMASK of 0x03 if there is no
  DMA32 zone.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Use enum for zones and reformat zones dependent information

Add comments explaning the use of zones and add a zones_t type for zone
numbers.

Line up information that will be #ifdefd by the following patches.

[akpm@osdl.org: comment cleanups]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Move totalhigh_pages and nr_free_highpages() into highmem.c/.h

Move the totalhigh_pages definition into highmem.c/.h.  Move the
nr_free_highpages function into highmem.c

[yoichi_yuasa@tripeaks.co.jp: build fix]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NYoichi Yuasa <yoichi_yuasa@tripeaks.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

It fixes various coding style issues, specially when spaces are useless.  For
example '*' go next to the function name.
Signed-off-by: NFranck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NFranck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NFranck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NFranck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>