Merge commit 'v2.6.28-rc2' into core/locking

Conflicts:
	arch/um/include/asm/system.h

.mailmap

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ Kenneth W Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
 Koushik <raghavendra.koushik@neterion.com>
 Leonid I Ananiev <leonid.i.ananiev@intel.com>
 Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
+Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>
 Matthieu CASTET <castet.matthieu@free.fr>
 Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
 Michael Buesch <mbuesch@freenet.de>

CREDITS

@@ -598,6 +598,11 @@ S: Tamsui town, Taipei county,
 S: Taiwan 251
 S: Republic of China
 
+N: Reinette Chatre
+E: reinette.chatre@intel.com
+D: WiMedia Link Protocol implementation
+D: UWB stack bits and pieces
+
 N: Michael Elizabeth Chastain
 E: mec@shout.net
 D: Configure, Menuconfig, xconfig
@@ -1653,14 +1658,14 @@ S: Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-4818
 S: USA
 
 N: Dave Jones
-E: davej@codemonkey.org.uk
+E: davej@redhat.com
 W: http://www.codemonkey.org.uk
-D: x86 errata/setup maintenance.
-D: AGPGART driver.
+D: Assorted VIA x86 support.
+D: 2.5 AGPGART overhaul.
 D: CPUFREQ maintenance.
-D: Backport/Forwardport merge monkey.
-D: Various Janitor work.
-S: United Kingdom
+D: Fedora kernel maintainence.
+D: Misc/Other.
+S: 314 Littleton Rd, Westford, MA 01886, USA
 
 N: Martin Josfsson
 E: gandalf@wlug.westbo.se
@@ -2695,6 +2700,12 @@ S: Demonstratsii 8-382
 S: Tula 300000
 S: Russia
 
+N: Inaky Perez-Gonzalez
+E: inaky.perez-gonzalez@intel.com
+D: UWB stack, HWA-RC driver and HWA-HC drivers
+D: Wireless USB additions to the USB stack
+D: WiMedia Link Protocol bits and pieces
+
 N: Gordon Peters
 E: GordPeters@smarttech.com
 D: Isochronous receive for IEEE 1394 driver (OHCI module).

Documentation/00-INDEX

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ Changes
 	- list of changes that break older software packages.
 CodingStyle
 	- how the boss likes the C code in the kernel to look.
+development-process/
+	- An extended tutorial on how to work with the kernel development
+	  process.
 DMA-API.txt
 	- DMA API, pci_ API & extensions for non-consistent memory machines.
 DMA-ISA-LPC.txt
@@ -159,8 +162,6 @@ hayes-esp.txt
 	- info on using the Hayes ESP serial driver.
 highuid.txt
 	- notes on the change from 16 bit to 32 bit user/group IDs.
-hpet.txt
-	- High Precision Event Timer Driver for Linux.
 timers/
 	- info on the timer related topics
 hw_random.txt
@@ -251,8 +252,6 @@ mono.txt
 	- how to execute Mono-based .NET binaries with the help of BINFMT_MISC.
 moxa-smartio
 	- file with info on installing/using Moxa multiport serial driver.
-mtrr.txt
-	- how to use PPro Memory Type Range Registers to increase performance.
 mutex-design.txt
 	- info on the generic mutex subsystem.
 namespaces/

Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-usb-usbtmc

+What:		/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/devices/*/interface_capabilities
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/devices/*/device_capabilities
+Date:		August 2008
+Contact:	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+Description:
+		These files show the various USB TMC capabilities as described
+		by the device itself.  The full description of the bitfields
+		can be found in the USB TMC documents from the USB-IF entitled
+		"Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Specification
+		(USBTMC) Revision 1.0" section 4.2.1.8.
+
+		The files are read only.
+
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/devices/*/usb488_interface_capabilities
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/devices/*/usb488_device_capabilities
+Date:		August 2008
+Contact:	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+Description:
+		These files show the various USB TMC capabilities as described
+		by the device itself.  The full description of the bitfields
+		can be found in the USB TMC documents from the USB-IF entitled
+		"Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class, Subclass
+		USB488 Specification (USBTMC-USB488) Revision 1.0" section
+		4.2.2.
+
+		The files are read only.
+
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/devices/*/TermChar
+Date:		August 2008
+Contact:	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+Description:
+		This file is the TermChar value to be sent to the USB TMC
+		device as described by the document, "Universal Serial Bus Test
+		and Measurement Class Specification
+		(USBTMC) Revision 1.0" as published by the USB-IF.
+
+		Note that the TermCharEnabled file determines if this value is
+		sent to the device or not.
+
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/devices/*/TermCharEnabled
+Date:		August 2008
+Contact:	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+Description:
+		This file determines if the TermChar is to be sent to the
+		device on every transaction or not.  For more details about
+		this, please see the document, "Universal Serial Bus Test and
+		Measurement Class Specification (USBTMC) Revision 1.0" as
+		published by the USB-IF.
+
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbtmc/devices/*/auto_abort
+Date:		August 2008
+Contact:	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+Description:
+		This file determines if the the transaction of the USB TMC
+		device is to be automatically aborted if there is any error.
+		For more details about this, please see the document,
+		"Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Specification
+		(USBTMC) Revision 1.0" as published by the USB-IF.

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-umc

+What:           /sys/bus/umc/
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                The Wireless Host Controller Interface (WHCI)
+                specification describes a PCI-based device with
+                multiple capabilities; the UWB Multi-interface
+                Controller (UMC).
+
+                The umc bus presents each of the individual
+                capabilties as a device.
+
+What:           /sys/bus/umc/devices/.../capability_id
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                The ID of this capability, with 0 being the radio
+                controller capability.
+
+What:           /sys/bus/umc/devices/.../version
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                The specification version this capability's hardware
+                interface complies with.

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb

@@ -85,3 +85,62 @@ Description:
 Users:
 		PowerTOP <power@bughost.org>
 		http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/device/<busnum>-<devnum>...:<config num>-<interface num>/supports_autosuspend
+Date:		January 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.27
+Contact:	Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@intel.com>
+Description:
+		When read, this file returns 1 if the interface driver
+		for this interface supports autosuspend.  It also
+		returns 1 if no driver has claimed this interface, as an
+		unclaimed interface will not stop the device from being
+		autosuspended if all other interface drivers are idle.
+		The file returns 0 if autosuspend support has not been
+		added to the driver.
+Users:
+		USB PM tool
+		git://git.moblin.org/users/sarah/usb-pm-tool/
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/device/.../authorized
+Date:		July 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.26
+Contact:	David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+		Authorized devices are available for use by device
+		drivers, non-authorized one are not.  By default, wired
+		USB devices are authorized.
+
+		Certified Wireless USB devices are not authorized
+		initially and should be (by writing 1) after the
+		device has been authenticated.
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/device/.../wusb_cdid
+Date:		July 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.27
+Contact:	David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+		For Certified Wireless USB devices only.
+
+		A devices's CDID, as 16 space-separated hex octets.
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/device/.../wusb_ck
+Date:		July 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.27
+Contact:	David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+		For Certified Wireless USB devices only.
+
+		Write the device's connection key (CK) to start the
+		authentication of the device.  The CK is 16
+		space-separated hex octets.
+
+What:		/sys/bus/usb/device/.../wusb_disconnect
+Date:		July 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.27
+Contact:	David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+		For Certified Wireless USB devices only.
+
+		Write a 1 to force the device to disconnect
+		(equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device).

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-usb-devices-usbsevseg

+Where:		/sys/bus/usb/.../powered
+Date:		August 2008
+Kernel Version:	2.6.26
+Contact:	Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description:	Controls whether the device's display will powered.
+		A value of 0 is off and a non-zero value is on.
+
+Where:		/sys/bus/usb/.../mode_msb
+Where:		/sys/bus/usb/.../mode_lsb
+Date:		August 2008
+Kernel Version:	2.6.26
+Contact:	Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description:	Controls the devices display mode.
+		For a 6 character display the values are
+			MSB 0x06; LSB 0x3F, and
+		for an 8 character display the values are
+			MSB 0x08; LSB 0xFF.
+
+Where:		/sys/bus/usb/.../textmode
+Date:		August 2008
+Kernel Version:	2.6.26
+Contact:	Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description:	Controls the way the device interprets its text buffer.
+		raw:	each character controls its segment manually
+		hex:	each character is between 0-15
+		ascii:	each character is between '0'-'9' and 'A'-'F'.
+
+Where:		/sys/bus/usb/.../text
+Date:		August 2008
+Kernel Version:	2.6.26
+Contact:	Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description:	The text (or data) for the device to display
+
+Where:		/sys/bus/usb/.../decimals
+Date:		August 2008
+Kernel Version:	2.6.26
+Contact:	Harrison Metzger <harrisonmetz@gmail.com>
+Description:	Controls the decimal places on the device.
+		To set the nth decimal place, give this field
+		the value of 10 ** n. Assume this field has
+		the value k and has 1 or more decimal places set,
+		to set the mth place (where m is not already set),
+		change this fields value to k + 10 ** m.
\ No newline at end of file

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-regulator

 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../state
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		state. This holds the regulator output state.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../type
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		type. This holds the regulator type.
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../microvolts
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		microvolts. This holds the regulator output voltage setting
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../microamps
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		microamps. This holds the regulator output current limit
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../opmode
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		opmode. This holds the regulator operating mode setting.
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../min_microvolts
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		min_microvolts. This holds the minimum safe working regulator
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../max_microvolts
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		max_microvolts. This holds the maximum safe working regulator
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../min_microamps
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		min_microamps. This holds the minimum safe working regulator
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../max_microamps
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		max_microamps. This holds the maximum safe working regulator
@@ -157,10 +157,23 @@ Description:
 		platform code.
 
 
+What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../name
+Date:		October 2008
+KernelVersion:	2.6.28
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
+Description:
+		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
+		name. This holds a string identifying the regulator for
+		display purposes.
+
+		NOTE: this will be empty if no suitable name is provided
+		by platform or regulator drivers.
+
+
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../num_users
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		num_users. This holds the number of consumer devices that
@@ -170,7 +183,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../requested_microamps
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		requested_microamps. This holds the total requested load
@@ -181,7 +194,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../parent
 Date:		April 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Some regulator directories will contain a link called parent.
 		This points to the parent or supply regulator if one exists.
@@ -189,7 +202,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_mem_microvolts
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_mem_microvolts. This holds the regulator output
@@ -203,7 +216,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_disk_microvolts
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_disk_microvolts. This holds the regulator output
@@ -217,7 +230,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_standby_microvolts
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_standby_microvolts. This holds the regulator output
@@ -231,7 +244,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_mem_mode
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_mem_mode. This holds the regulator operating mode
@@ -245,7 +258,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_disk_mode
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_disk_mode. This holds the regulator operating mode
@@ -258,7 +271,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_standby_mode
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_standby_mode. This holds the regulator operating mode
@@ -272,7 +285,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_mem_state
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_mem_state. This holds the regulator operating state
@@ -287,7 +300,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_disk_state
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_disk_state. This holds the regulator operating state
@@ -302,7 +315,7 @@ Description:
 What:		/sys/class/regulator/.../suspend_standby_state
 Date:		May 2008
 KernelVersion:	2.6.26
-Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
+Contact:	Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
 Description:
 		Each regulator directory will contain a field called
 		suspend_standby_state. This holds the regulator operating

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-usb_host

+What:           /sys/class/usb_host/usb_hostN/wusb_chid
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                Write the CHID (16 space-separated hex octets) for this host controller.
+                This starts the host controller, allowing it to accept connection from
+                WUSB devices.
+
+                Set an all zero CHID to stop the host controller.
+
+What:           /sys/class/usb_host/usb_hostN/wusb_trust_timeout
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                Devices that haven't sent a WUSB packet to the host
+                within 'wusb_trust_timeout' ms are considered to have
+                disconnected and are removed.  The default value of
+                4000 ms is the value required by the WUSB
+                specification.
+
+                Since this relates to security (specifically, the
+                lifetime of PTKs and GTKs) it should not be changed
+                from the default.

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-uwb_rc

+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                Interfaces for WiMedia Ultra Wideband Common Radio
+                Platform (UWB) radio controllers.
+
+                Familiarity with the ECMA-368 'High Rate Ultra
+                Wideband MAC and PHY Specification' is assumed.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/beacon_timeout_ms
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Description:
+                If no beacons are received from a device for at least
+                this time, the device will be considered to have gone
+                and it will be removed.  The default is 3 superframes
+                (~197 ms) as required by the specification.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                An individual UWB radio controller.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/beacon
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                Write:
+
+                <channel> [<bpst offset>]
+
+                to start beaconing on a specific channel, or stop
+                beaconing if <channel> is -1.  Valid channels depends
+                on the radio controller's supported band groups.
+
+                <bpst offset> may be used to try and join a specific
+                beacon group if more than one was found during a scan.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/scan
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                Write:
+
+                <channel> <type> [<bpst offset>]
+
+                to start (or stop) scanning on a channel.  <type> is one of:
+                    0 - scan
+                    1 - scan outside BP
+                    2 - scan while inactive
+                    3 - scanning disabled
+                    4 - scan (with start time of <bpst offset>)
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/mac_address
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                The EUI-48, in colon-separated hex octets, for this
+                radio controller.  A write will change the radio
+                controller's EUI-48 but only do so while the device is
+                not beaconing or scanning.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/wusbhc
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                A symlink to the device (if any) of the WUSB Host
+                Controller PAL using this radio controller.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/<EUI-48>/
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                A neighbour UWB device that has either been detected
+                as part of a scan or is a member of the radio
+                controllers beacon group.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/<EUI-48>/BPST
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                The time (using the radio controllers internal 1 ms
+                interval superframe timer) of the last beacon from
+                this device was received.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/<EUI-48>/DevAddr
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                The current DevAddr of this device in colon separated
+                hex octets.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/<EUI-48>/EUI_48
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+                The EUI-48 of this device in colon separated hex
+                octets.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/<EUI-48>/BPST
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/<EUI-48>/IEs
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                The latest IEs included in this device's beacon, in
+                space separated hex octets with one IE per line.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/<EUI-48>/LQE
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                Link Quality Estimate - the Signal to Noise Ratio
+                (SNR) of all packets received from this device in dB.
+                This gives an estimate on a suitable PHY rate. Refer
+                to [ECMA-368] section 13.3 for more details.
+
+What:           /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbN/<EUI-48>/RSSI
+Date:           July 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
+Description:
+                Received Signal Strength Indication - the strength of
+                the received signal in dB.  LQE is a more useful
+                measure of the radio link quality.

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-profiling

+What:		/sys/kernel/profile
+Date:		September 2008
+Contact:	Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Description:
+		/sys/kernel/profile is the runtime equivalent
+		of the boot-time profile= option.
+
+		You can get the same effect running:
+
+			echo 2 > /sys/kernel/profile
+
+		as you would by issuing profile=2 on the boot
+		command line.

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-wusb_cbaf

+What:           /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb_cbaf/.../wusb_*
+Date:           August 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                Various files for managing Cable Based Association of
+                (wireless) USB devices.
+
+                The sequence of operations should be:
+
+                1. Device is plugged in.
+
+                2. The connection manager (CM) sees a device with CBA capability.
+                   (the wusb_chid etc. files in /sys/devices/blah/OURDEVICE).
+
+                3. The CM writes the host name, supported band groups,
+                   and the CHID (host ID) into the wusb_host_name,
+                   wusb_host_band_groups and wusb_chid files. These
+                   get sent to the device and the CDID (if any) for
+                   this host is requested.
+
+                4. The CM can verify that the device's supported band
+                   groups (wusb_device_band_groups) are compatible
+                   with the host.
+
+                5. The CM reads the wusb_cdid file.
+
+                6. The CM looks it up its database.
+
+                   - If it has a matching CHID,CDID entry, the device
+                     has been authorized before and nothing further
+                     needs to be done.
+
+                   - If the CDID is zero (or the CM doesn't find a
+                     matching CDID in its database), the device is
+                     assumed to be not known.  The CM may associate
+                     the host with device by: writing a randomly
+                     generated CDID to wusb_cdid and then a random CK
+                     to wusb_ck (this uploads the new CC to the
+                     device).
+
+                     CMD may choose to prompt the user before
+                     associating with a new device.
+
+                7. Device is unplugged.
+
+                References:
+                  [WUSB-AM] Association Models Supplement to the
+                            Certified Wireless Universal Serial Bus
+                            Specification, version 1.0.
+
+What:           /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb_cbaf/.../wusb_chid
+Date:           August 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                The CHID of the host formatted as 16 space-separated
+                hex octets.
+
+                Writes fetches device's supported band groups and the
+                the CDID for any existing association with this host.
+
+What:           /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb_cbaf/.../wusb_host_name
+Date:           August 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                A friendly name for the host as a UTF-8 encoded string.
+
+What:           /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb_cbaf/.../wusb_host_band_groups
+Date:           August 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                The band groups supported by the host, in the format
+                defined in [WUSB-AM].
+
+What:           /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb_cbaf/.../wusb_device_band_groups
+Date:           August 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                The band groups supported by the device, in the format
+                defined in [WUSB-AM].
+
+What:           /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb_cbaf/.../wusb_cdid
+Date:           August 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                The device's CDID formatted as 16 space-separated hex
+                octets.
+
+What:           /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb_cbaf/.../wusb_ck
+Date:           August 2008
+KernelVersion:  2.6.27
+Contact:        David Vrabel <david.vrabel@csr.com>
+Description:
+                Write 16 space-separated random, hex octets to
+                associate with the device.

Documentation/DMA-API.txt

@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ With scatterlists, you use the resulting mapping like this:
 	int i, count = dma_map_sg(dev, sglist, nents, direction);
 	struct scatterlist *sg;
 
-	for (i = 0, sg = sglist; i < count; i++, sg++) {
+	for_each_sg(sglist, sg, count, i) {
 		hw_address[i] = sg_dma_address(sg);
 		hw_len[i] = sg_dma_len(sg);
 	}

Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt

@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ failure can be determined by:
 	dma_addr_t dma_handle;
 
 	dma_handle = pci_map_single(pdev, addr, size, direction);
-	if (pci_dma_mapping_error(dma_handle)) {
+	if (pci_dma_mapping_error(pdev, dma_handle)) {
 		/*
 		 * reduce current DMA mapping usage,
 		 * delay and try again later or

Documentation/DocBook/Makefile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # To add a new book the only step required is to add the book to the
 # list of DOCBOOKS.
 
-DOCBOOKS := wanbook.xml z8530book.xml mcabook.xml videobook.xml \
+DOCBOOKS := wanbook.xml z8530book.xml mcabook.xml \
 	    kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \
 	    procfs-guide.xml writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \
 	    kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml usb.xml kgdb.xml \

Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl

@@ -557,6 +557,9 @@ Near-term plans include converting all of them, except for "gadgetfs".
 </para>
 
 !Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
+!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_ecm.c
+!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_subset.c
+!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_obex.c
 !Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_serial.c
 
 </sect1>

Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl

@@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ X!Earch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c
   <chapter id="security">
      <title>Security Framework</title>
 !Isecurity/security.c
+!Esecurity/inode.c
   </chapter>
 
   <chapter id="audit">
@@ -364,6 +365,10 @@ X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 !Eblock/blk-barrier.c
 !Eblock/blk-tag.c
 !Iblock/blk-tag.c
+!Eblock/blk-integrity.c
+!Iblock/blktrace.c
+!Iblock/genhd.c
+!Eblock/genhd.c
   </chapter>
 
   <chapter id="chrdev">

Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl

@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ static struct block_device_operations opt_fops = {
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      Function names as strings (__FUNCTION__).
+      Function names as strings (__func__).
      </para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>

Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl

@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ usage should require reading the full document.
         this though and the recommendation to allow only a single
         interface in STA mode at first!
       </para>
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_types
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_init_conf
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_conf
     </chapter>
@@ -177,8 +176,7 @@ usage should require reading the full document.
         <title>functions/definitions</title>
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_status
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rx_flags
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_control
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_flags
+!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_info
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_irqsafe
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status
@@ -189,12 +187,11 @@ usage should require reading the full document.
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_duration
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_generic_frame_duration
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen_from_skb
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen
+!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hdrlen
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queue
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queue
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_queues
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queues
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queues
+!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queues
       </sect1>
     </chapter>
 
@@ -230,8 +227,7 @@ usage should require reading the full document.
       <title>Multiple queues and QoS support</title>
       <para>TBD</para>
 !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_params
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_stats_data
-!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue
+!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_stats
     </chapter>
 
     <chapter id="AP">

Documentation/DocBook/procfs-guide.tmpl

@@ -14,17 +14,20 @@
 	<othername>(J.A.K.)</othername>
 	<surname>Mouw</surname>
 	<affiliation>
-	  <orgname>Delft University of Technology</orgname>
-	  <orgdiv>Faculty of Information Technology and Systems</orgdiv>
 	  <address>
-            <email>J.A.K.Mouw@its.tudelft.nl</email>
-            <pob>PO BOX 5031</pob>
-            <postcode>2600 GA</postcode>
-            <city>Delft</city>
-            <country>The Netherlands</country>
+            <email>mouw@nl.linux.org</email>
           </address>
 	</affiliation>
       </author>
+      <othercredit>
+	<contrib>
+	This software and documentation were written while working on the
+	LART computing board
+	(<ulink url="http://www.lartmaker.nl/">http://www.lartmaker.nl/</ulink>),
+	which was sponsored by the Delt University of Technology projects
+	Mobile Multi-media Communications and Ubiquitous Communications.
+	</contrib>
+      </othercredit>
     </authorgroup>
 
     <revhistory>
@@ -108,18 +111,6 @@
       proofreading.
     </para>
 
-    <para>
-      This documentation was written while working on the LART
-      computing board (<ulink
-      url="http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/">http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/</ulink>),
-      which is sponsored by the Mobile Multi-media Communications
-      (<ulink
-      url="http://www.mmc.tudelft.nl/">http://www.mmc.tudelft.nl/</ulink>)
-      and Ubiquitous Communications (<ulink
-      url="http://www.ubicom.tudelft.nl/">http://www.ubicom.tudelft.nl/</ulink>)
-      projects.
-    </para>
-
     <para>
       Erik
     </para>

Documentation/DocBook/procfs_example.c

 /*
  * procfs_example.c: an example proc interface
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2001, Erik Mouw (J.A.K.Mouw@its.tudelft.nl)
+ * Copyright (C) 2001, Erik Mouw (mouw@nl.linux.org)
  *
  * This file accompanies the procfs-guide in the Linux kernel
  * source. Its main use is to demonstrate the concepts and
  * functions described in the guide.
  *
  * This software has been developed while working on the LART
- * computing board (http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/), which is
- * sponsored by the Mobile Multi-media Communications
- * (http://www.mmc.tudelft.nl/) and Ubiquitous Communications 
- * (http://www.ubicom.tudelft.nl/) projects.
- *
- * The author can be reached at:
- *
- *  Erik Mouw
- *  Information and Communication Theory Group
- *  Faculty of Information Technology and Systems
- *  Delft University of Technology
- *  P.O. Box 5031
- *  2600 GA Delft
- *  The Netherlands
- *
+ * computing board (http://www.lartmaker.nl), which was sponsored
+ * by the Delt University of Technology projects Mobile Multi-media
+ * Communications and Ubiquitous Communications.
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute
  * it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General

Documentation/HOWTO

@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ documentation files are also added which explain how to use the feature.
 When a kernel change causes the interface that the kernel exposes to
 userspace to change, it is recommended that you send the information or
 a patch to the manual pages explaining the change to the manual pages
-maintainer at mtk.manpages@gmail.com.
+maintainer at mtk.manpages@gmail.com, and CC the list
+linux-api@vger.kernel.org.
 
 Here is a list of files that are in the kernel source tree that are
 required reading:
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ required reading:
 
     Other excellent descriptions of how to create patches properly are:
 	"The Perfect Patch"
-		http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt
+		http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt
 	"Linux kernel patch submission format"
 		http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html
 
@@ -619,7 +620,7 @@ all time.  It should describe the patch completely, containing:
 For more details on what this should all look like, please see the
 ChangeLog section of the document:
   "The Perfect Patch"
-      http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt
+      http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt
 
 
 

Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt

@@ -236,10 +236,8 @@ software system can set different pages for controlling accesses to the
 MSI-X structure. The implementation of MSI support requires the PCI
 subsystem, not a device driver, to maintain full control of the MSI-X
 table/MSI-X PBA (Pending Bit Array) and MMIO address space of the MSI-X
-table/MSI-X PBA.  A device driver is prohibited from requesting the MMIO
-address space of the MSI-X table/MSI-X PBA. Otherwise, the PCI subsystem
-will fail enabling MSI-X on its hardware device when it calls the function
-pci_enable_msix().
+table/MSI-X PBA.  A device driver should not access the MMIO address
+space of the MSI-X table/MSI-X PBA.
 
 5.3.2 API pci_enable_msix
 

Documentation/PCI/pci.txt

@@ -163,6 +163,10 @@ need pass only as many optional fields as necessary:
 	o class and classmask fields default to 0
 	o driver_data defaults to 0UL.
 
+Note that driver_data must match the value used by any of the pci_device_id
+entries defined in the driver. This makes the driver_data field mandatory
+if all the pci_device_id entries have a non-zero driver_data value.
+
 Once added, the driver probe routine will be invoked for any unclaimed
 PCI devices listed in its (newly updated) pci_ids list.
 

Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt

@@ -203,22 +203,17 @@ to mmio_enabled.
 
 3.3 helper functions
 
-3.3.1 int pci_find_aer_capability(struct pci_dev *dev);
-pci_find_aer_capability locates the PCI Express AER capability
-in the device configuration space. If the device doesn't support
-PCI-Express AER, the function returns 0.
-
-3.3.2 int pci_enable_pcie_error_reporting(struct pci_dev *dev);
+3.3.1 int pci_enable_pcie_error_reporting(struct pci_dev *dev);
 pci_enable_pcie_error_reporting enables the device to send error
 messages to root port when an error is detected. Note that devices
 don't enable the error reporting by default, so device drivers need
 call this function to enable it.
 
-3.3.3 int pci_disable_pcie_error_reporting(struct pci_dev *dev);
+3.3.2 int pci_disable_pcie_error_reporting(struct pci_dev *dev);
 pci_disable_pcie_error_reporting disables the device to send error
 messages to root port when an error is detected.
 
-3.3.4 int pci_cleanup_aer_uncorrect_error_status(struct pci_dev *dev);
+3.3.3 int pci_cleanup_aer_uncorrect_error_status(struct pci_dev *dev);
 pci_cleanup_aer_uncorrect_error_status cleanups the uncorrectable
 error status register.
 

Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
 		number of updates per grace period.
 
 9.	All RCU list-traversal primitives, which include
-	rcu_dereference(), list_for_each_rcu(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(),
+	rcu_dereference(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(),
 	list_for_each_continue_rcu(), and list_for_each_safe_rcu(),
 	must be either within an RCU read-side critical section or
 	must be protected by appropriate update-side locks.  RCU

Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ release_referenced()			delete()
 					}
 
 If this list/array is made lock free using RCU as in changing the
-write_lock() in add() and delete() to spin_lock and changing read_lock
-in search_and_reference to rcu_read_lock(), the atomic_get in
-search_and_reference could potentially hold reference to an element which
+write_lock() in add() and delete() to spin_lock() and changing read_lock()
+in search_and_reference() to rcu_read_lock(), the atomic_inc() in
+search_and_reference() could potentially hold reference to an element which
 has already been deleted from the list/array.  Use atomic_inc_not_zero()
 in this scenario as follows:
 
@@ -40,20 +40,20 @@ add()					search_and_reference()
 {					{
     alloc_object			    rcu_read_lock();
     ...					    search_for_element
-    atomic_set(&el->rc, 1);		    if (atomic_inc_not_zero(&el->rc)) {
-    write_lock(&list_lock);		        rcu_read_unlock();
+    atomic_set(&el->rc, 1);		    if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&el->rc)) {
+    spin_lock(&list_lock);		        rcu_read_unlock();
 					        return FAIL;
     add_element				    }
     ...					    ...
-    write_unlock(&list_lock);		    rcu_read_unlock();
+    spin_unlock(&list_lock);		    rcu_read_unlock();
 }					}
 3.					4.
 release_referenced()			delete()
 {					{
-    ...					    write_lock(&list_lock);
+    ...					    spin_lock(&list_lock);
     if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))       ...
         call_rcu(&el->head, el_free);       delete_element
-    ...                                     write_unlock(&list_lock);
+    ...                                     spin_unlock(&list_lock);
 } 					    ...
 					    if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
 					        call_rcu(&el->head, el_free);

Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt

@@ -786,8 +786,6 @@ RCU pointer/list traversal:
 	list_for_each_entry_rcu
 	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu
 
-	list_for_each_rcu		(to be deprecated in favor of
-					 list_for_each_entry_rcu)
 	list_for_each_continue_rcu	(to be deprecated in favor of new
 					 list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu)
 

Documentation/SAK.txt

 Linux 2.4.2 Secure Attention Key (SAK) handling
-18 March 2001, Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
+18 March 2001, Andrew Morton
 
 An operating system's Secure Attention Key is a security tool which is
 provided as protection against trojan password capturing programs.  It

Documentation/SELinux.txt

+If you want to use SELinux, chances are you will want
+to use the distro-provided policies, or install the
+latest reference policy release from
+	http://oss.tresys.com/projects/refpolicy
+
+However, if you want to install a dummy policy for
+testing, you can do using 'mdp' provided under
+scripts/selinux.  Note that this requires the selinux
+userspace to be installed - in particular you will
+need checkpolicy to compile a kernel, and setfiles and
+fixfiles to label the filesystem.
+
+	1. Compile the kernel with selinux enabled.
+	2. Type 'make' to compile mdp.
+	3. Make sure that you are not running with
+	   SELinux enabled and a real policy.  If
+	   you are, reboot with selinux disabled
+	   before continuing.
+	4. Run install_policy.sh:
+		cd scripts/selinux
+		sh install_policy.sh
+
+Step 4 will create a new dummy policy valid for your
+kernel, with a single selinux user, role, and type.
+It will compile the policy, will set your SELINUXTYPE to
+dummy in /etc/selinux/config, install the compiled policy
+as 'dummy', and relabel your filesystem.

Documentation/SubmitChecklist

@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ kernel patches.
 
 19: All new userspace interfaces are documented in Documentation/ABI/.
     See Documentation/ABI/README for more information.
+    Patches that change userspace interfaces should be CCed to
+    linux-api@vger.kernel.org.
 
 20: Check that it all passes `make headers_check'.
 
@@ -83,3 +85,6 @@ kernel patches.
 23: Tested after it has been merged into the -mm patchset to make sure
     that it still works with all of the other queued patches and various
     changes in the VM, VFS, and other subsystems.
+
+24: All memory barriers {e.g., barrier(), rmb(), wmb()} need a comment in the
+    source code that explains the logic of what they are doing and why.

Documentation/SubmittingDrivers

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Linux 2.4:
 Linux 2.6:
 	The same rules apply as 2.4 except that you should follow linux-kernel
 	to track changes in API's. The final contact point for Linux 2.6
-	submissions is Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>.
+	submissions is Andrew Morton.
 
 What Criteria Determine Acceptance
 ----------------------------------

Documentation/SubmittingPatches

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Quilt:
 http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt
 
 Andrew Morton's patch scripts:
-http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/
+http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/patch-scripts.tar.gz
 Instead of these scripts, quilt is the recommended patch management
 tool (see above).
 
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ person it names.  This tag documents that potentially interested parties
 have been included in the discussion
 
 
-14) Using Test-by: and Reviewed-by:
+14) Using Tested-by: and Reviewed-by:
 
 A Tested-by: tag indicates that the patch has been successfully tested (in
 some environment) by the person named.  This tag informs maintainers that
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ SECTION 3 - REFERENCES
 ----------------------
 
 Andrew Morton, "The perfect patch" (tpp).
-  <http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt>
+  <http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt>
 
 Jeff Garzik, "Linux kernel patch submission format".
   <http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html>
@@ -672,4 +672,9 @@ Kernel Documentation/CodingStyle:
 
 Linus Torvalds's mail on the canonical patch format:
   <http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/4/7/183>
+
+Andi Kleen, "On submitting kernel patches"
+  Some strategies to get difficult or controversal changes in.
+  http://halobates.de/on-submitting-patches.pdf
+
 --

Documentation/blackfin/kgdb.txt

-			A Simple Guide to Configure KGDB
-
-			Sonic Zhang <sonic.zhang@analog.com>
-				Aug. 24th 2006
-
-
-This KGDB patch enables the kernel developer to do source level debugging on
-the kernel for the Blackfin architecture.  The debugging works over either the
-ethernet interface or one of the uarts.  Both software breakpoints and
-hardware breakpoints are supported in this version.
-http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=kgdb
-
-
-2 known issues:
-1. This bug:
-       http://blackfin.uclinux.org/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=544&group_id=18&atid=145
-   The GDB client for Blackfin uClinux causes incorrect values of local
-   variables to be displayed when the user breaks the running of kernel in GDB.
-2. Because of a hardware bug in Blackfin 533 v1.0.3:
-       05000067 - Watchpoints (Hardware Breakpoints) are not supported
-   Hardware breakpoints cannot be set properly.
-
-
-Debug over Ethernet:
- 
-1. Compile and install the cross platform version of gdb for blackfin, which
-   can be found at $(BINROOT)/bfin-elf-gdb.
-
-2. Apply this patch to the 2.6.x kernel.  Select the menuconfig option under
-   "Kernel hacking" -> "Kernel debugging" -> "KGDB: kernel debug with remote gdb".
-   With this selected, option "Full Symbolic/Source Debugging support" and 
-   "Compile the kernel with frame pointers" are also selected.
-
-3. Select option "KGDB: connect over (Ethernet)".  Add "kgdboe=@target-IP/,@host-IP/" to
-   the option "Compiled-in Kernel Boot Parameter" under "Kernel hacking".
-
-4. Connect minicom to the serial port and boot the kernel image.
-
-5. Configure the IP "/> ifconfig eth0 target-IP"
-
-6. Start GDB client "bfin-elf-gdb vmlinux".
-
-7. Connect to the target "(gdb) target remote udp:target-IP:6443".
-
-8. Set software breakpoint "(gdb) break sys_open".
-
-9. Continue "(gdb) c".
-
-10. Run ls in the target console "/> ls".
-
-11. Breakpoint hits. "Breakpoint 1: sys_open(..."
-
-12. Display local variables and function paramters.
-    (*) This operation gives wrong results, see known issue 1.
-
-13. Single stepping "(gdb) si".
-
-14. Remove breakpoint 1. "(gdb) del 1"
-
-15. Set hardware breakpoint "(gdb) hbreak sys_open".
-
-16. Continue "(gdb) c".
-
-17. Run ls in the target console "/> ls".
-
-18. Hardware breakpoint hits. "Breakpoint 1: sys_open(...".
-    (*) This hardware breakpoint will not be hit, see known issue 2.
-
-19. Continue "(gdb) c".
-
-20. Interrupt the target in GDB "Ctrl+C".
-
-21. Detach from the target "(gdb) detach".
-
-22. Exit GDB "(gdb) quit".
-
-
-Debug over the UART:
-
-1. Compile and install the cross platform version of gdb for blackfin, which
-   can be found at $(BINROOT)/bfin-elf-gdb.
-
-2. Apply this patch to the 2.6.x kernel.  Select the menuconfig option under
-   "Kernel hacking" -> "Kernel debugging" -> "KGDB: kernel debug with remote gdb".
-   With this selected, option "Full Symbolic/Source Debugging support" and 
-   "Compile the kernel with frame pointers" are also selected.
-
-3. Select option "KGDB: connect over (UART)".  Set "KGDB: UART port number" to be
-   a different one from the console.  Don't forget to change the mode of
-   blackfin serial driver to PIO.  Otherwise kgdb works incorrectly on UART.
- 
-4. If you want connect to kgdb when the kernel boots, enable
-   "KGDB: Wait for gdb connection early" 
-
-5. Compile kernel.
-
-6. Connect minicom to the serial port of the console and boot the kernel image.
-
-7. Start GDB client "bfin-elf-gdb vmlinux".
-
-8. Set the baud rate in GDB "(gdb) set remotebaud 57600".
-
-9. Connect to the target on the second serial port "(gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS1".
-
-10. Set software breakpoint "(gdb) break sys_open".
-
-11. Continue "(gdb) c". 
-
-12. Run ls in the target console "/> ls". 
-
-13. A breakpoint is hit. "Breakpoint 1: sys_open(..."
-
-14. All other operations are the same as that in KGDB over Ethernet. 
-
-
-Debug over the same UART as console:
-
-1. Compile and install the cross platform version of gdb for blackfin, which
-   can be found at $(BINROOT)/bfin-elf-gdb.
-
-2. Apply this patch to the 2.6.x kernel.  Select the menuconfig option under
-   "Kernel hacking" -> "Kernel debugging" -> "KGDB: kernel debug with remote gdb".
-   With this selected, option "Full Symbolic/Source Debugging support" and 
-   "Compile the kernel with frame pointers" are also selected.
-
-3. Select option "KGDB: connect over UART".  Set "KGDB: UART port number" to console.
-   Don't forget to change the mode of blackfin serial driver to PIO.
-   Otherwise kgdb works incorrectly on UART.
- 
-4. If you want connect to kgdb when the kernel boots, enable
-   "KGDB: Wait for gdb connection early" 
-
-5. Connect minicom to the serial port and boot the kernel image. 
-
-6. (Optional) Ask target to wait for gdb connection by entering Ctrl+A. In minicom, you should enter Ctrl+A+A.
-
-7. Start GDB client "bfin-elf-gdb vmlinux".
-
-8. Set the baud rate in GDB "(gdb) set remotebaud 57600".
-
-9. Connect to the target "(gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS0".
-
-10. Set software breakpoint "(gdb) break sys_open".
-
-11. Continue "(gdb) c". Then enter Ctrl+C twice to stop GDB connection.
-
-12. Run ls in the target console "/> ls". Dummy string can be seen on the console.
-
-13. Then connect the gdb to target again. "(gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS0".
-    Now you will find a breakpoint is hit. "Breakpoint 1: sys_open(..."
-
-14. All other operations are the same as that in KGDB over Ethernet.  The only
-    difference is that after continue command in GDB, please stop GDB
-    connection by 2 "Ctrl+C"s and connect again after breakpoints are hit or
-    Ctrl+A is entered.

Documentation/block/data-integrity.txt

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ will require extra work due to the application tag.
       retrieve the tag buffer using bio_integrity_get_tag().
 
 
-6.3 PASSING EXISTING INTEGRITY METADATA
+5.3 PASSING EXISTING INTEGRITY METADATA
 
     Filesystems that either generate their own integrity metadata or
     are capable of transferring IMD from user space can use the
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ will require extra work due to the application tag.
       integrity upon completion.
 
 
-6.4 REGISTERING A BLOCK DEVICE AS CAPABLE OF EXCHANGING INTEGRITY
+5.4 REGISTERING A BLOCK DEVICE AS CAPABLE OF EXCHANGING INTEGRITY
     METADATA
 
     To enable integrity exchange on a block device the gendisk must be

Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt

@@ -30,12 +30,18 @@ write_expire	(in ms)
 Similar to read_expire mentioned above, but for writes.
 
 
-fifo_batch
+fifo_batch	(number of requests)
 ----------
 
-When a read request expires its deadline, we must move some requests from
-the sorted io scheduler list to the block device dispatch queue. fifo_batch
-controls how many requests we move.
+Requests are grouped into ``batches'' of a particular data direction (read or
+write) which are serviced in increasing sector order.  To limit extra seeking,
+deadline expiries are only checked between batches.  fifo_batch controls the
+maximum number of requests per batch.
+
+This parameter tunes the balance between per-request latency and aggregate
+throughput.  When low latency is the primary concern, smaller is better (where
+a value of 1 yields first-come first-served behaviour).  Increasing fifo_batch
+generally improves throughput, at the cost of latency variation.
 
 
 writes_starved	(number of dispatches)

Documentation/cdrom/ide-cd

@@ -145,8 +145,7 @@ useful for reading photocds.
 
 To play an audio CD, you should first unmount and remove any data
 CDROM.  Any of the CDROM player programs should then work (workman,
-workbone, cdplayer, etc.).  Lacking anything else, you could use the
-cdtester program in Documentation/cdrom/sbpcd.
+workbone, cdplayer, etc.).
 
 On a few drives, you can read digital audio directly using a program
 such as cdda2wav.  The only types of drive which I've heard support

Documentation/cgroups/freezer-subsystem.txt

+	The cgroup freezer is useful to batch job management system which start
+and stop sets of tasks in order to schedule the resources of a machine
+according to the desires of a system administrator. This sort of program
+is often used on HPC clusters to schedule access to the cluster as a
+whole. The cgroup freezer uses cgroups to describe the set of tasks to
+be started/stopped by the batch job management system. It also provides
+a means to start and stop the tasks composing the job.
+
+	The cgroup freezer will also be useful for checkpointing running groups
+of tasks. The freezer allows the checkpoint code to obtain a consistent
+image of the tasks by attempting to force the tasks in a cgroup into a
+quiescent state. Once the tasks are quiescent another task can
+walk /proc or invoke a kernel interface to gather information about the
+quiesced tasks. Checkpointed tasks can be restarted later should a
+recoverable error occur. This also allows the checkpointed tasks to be
+migrated between nodes in a cluster by copying the gathered information
+to another node and restarting the tasks there.
+
+	Sequences of SIGSTOP and SIGCONT are not always sufficient for stopping
+and resuming tasks in userspace. Both of these signals are observable
+from within the tasks we wish to freeze. While SIGSTOP cannot be caught,
+blocked, or ignored it can be seen by waiting or ptracing parent tasks.
+SIGCONT is especially unsuitable since it can be caught by the task. Any
+programs designed to watch for SIGSTOP and SIGCONT could be broken by
+attempting to use SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to stop and resume tasks. We can
+demonstrate this problem using nested bash shells:
+
+	$ echo $$
+	16644
+	$ bash
+	$ echo $$
+	16690
+
+	From a second, unrelated bash shell:
+	$ kill -SIGSTOP 16690
+	$ kill -SIGCONT 16990
+
+	<at this point 16990 exits and causes 16644 to exit too>
+
+	This happens because bash can observe both signals and choose how it
+responds to them.
+
+	Another example of a program which catches and responds to these
+signals is gdb. In fact any program designed to use ptrace is likely to
+have a problem with this method of stopping and resuming tasks.
+
+	 In contrast, the cgroup freezer uses the kernel freezer code to
+prevent the freeze/unfreeze cycle from becoming visible to the tasks
+being frozen. This allows the bash example above and gdb to run as
+expected.
+
+	The freezer subsystem in the container filesystem defines a file named
+freezer.state. Writing "FROZEN" to the state file will freeze all tasks in the
+cgroup. Subsequently writing "THAWED" will unfreeze the tasks in the cgroup.
+Reading will return the current state.
+
+* Examples of usage :
+
+   # mkdir /containers/freezer
+   # mount -t cgroup -ofreezer freezer  /containers
+   # mkdir /containers/0
+   # echo $some_pid > /containers/0/tasks
+
+to get status of the freezer subsystem :
+
+   # cat /containers/0/freezer.state
+   THAWED
+
+to freeze all tasks in the container :
+
+   # echo FROZEN > /containers/0/freezer.state
+   # cat /containers/0/freezer.state
+   FREEZING
+   # cat /containers/0/freezer.state
+   FROZEN
+
+to unfreeze all tasks in the container :
+
+   # echo THAWED > /containers/0/freezer.state
+   # cat /containers/0/freezer.state
+   THAWED
+
+This is the basic mechanism which should do the right thing for user space task
+in a simple scenario.
+
+It's important to note that freezing can be incomplete. In that case we return
+EBUSY. This means that some tasks in the cgroup are busy doing something that
+prevents us from completely freezing the cgroup at this time. After EBUSY,
+the cgroup will remain partially frozen -- reflected by freezer.state reporting
+"FREEZING" when read. The state will remain "FREEZING" until one of these
+things happens:
+
+	1) Userspace cancels the freezing operation by writing "THAWED" to
+		the freezer.state file
+	2) Userspace retries the freezing operation by writing "FROZEN" to
+		the freezer.state file (writing "FREEZING" is not legal
+		and returns EIO)
+	3) The tasks that blocked the cgroup from entering the "FROZEN"
+		state disappear from the cgroup's set of tasks.

Documentation/controllers/memory.txt

@@ -112,14 +112,22 @@ the per cgroup LRU.
 
 2.2.1 Accounting details
 
-All mapped pages (RSS) and unmapped user pages (Page Cache) are accounted.
-RSS pages are accounted at the time of page_add_*_rmap() unless they've already
-been accounted for earlier. A file page will be accounted for as Page Cache;
-it's mapped into the page tables of a process, duplicate accounting is carefully
-avoided. Page Cache pages are accounted at the time of add_to_page_cache().
-The corresponding routines that remove a page from the page tables or removes
-a page from Page Cache is used to decrement the accounting counters of the
-cgroup.
+All mapped anon pages (RSS) and cache pages (Page Cache) are accounted.
+(some pages which never be reclaimable and will not be on global LRU
+ are not accounted. we just accounts pages under usual vm management.)
+
+RSS pages are accounted at page_fault unless they've already been accounted
+for earlier. A file page will be accounted for as Page Cache when it's
+inserted into inode (radix-tree). While it's mapped into the page tables of
+processes, duplicate accounting is carefully avoided.
+
+A RSS page is unaccounted when it's fully unmapped. A PageCache page is
+unaccounted when it's removed from radix-tree.
+
+At page migration, accounting information is kept.
+
+Note: we just account pages-on-lru because our purpose is to control amount
+of used pages. not-on-lru pages are tend to be out-of-control from vm view.
 
 2.3 Shared Page Accounting
 

Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt

@@ -35,11 +35,9 @@ Mailing List
 ------------
 There is a CPU frequency changing CVS commit and general list where
 you can report bugs, problems or submit patches. To post a message,
-send an email to cpufreq@lists.linux.org.uk, to subscribe go to
-http://lists.linux.org.uk/mailman/listinfo/cpufreq. Previous post to the
-mailing list are available to subscribers at
-http://lists.linux.org.uk/mailman/private/cpufreq/.
-
+send an email to cpufreq@vger.kernel.org, to subscribe go to
+http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#cpufreq and follow the
+instructions there.
 
 Links
 -----
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ how to access the CVS repository:
 * http://cvs.arm.linux.org.uk/
 
 the CPUFreq Mailing list:
-* http://lists.linux.org.uk/mailman/listinfo/cpufreq
+* http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#cpufreq
 
 Clock and voltage scaling for the SA-1100:
 * http://www.lartmaker.nl/projects/scaling

Documentation/cpusets.txt

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ hooks, beyond what is already present, required to manage dynamic
 job placement on large systems.
 
 Cpusets use the generic cgroup subsystem described in
-Documentation/cgroup.txt.
+Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt.
 
 Requests by a task, using the sched_setaffinity(2) system call to
 include CPUs in its CPU affinity mask, and using the mbind(2) and

Documentation/cris/README

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ operating system.
 The ETRAX 100LX chip
 --------------------
 
-For reference, plase see the press-release:
+For reference, please see the press-release:
 
 http://www.axis.com/news/us/001101_etrax.htm
 

Documentation/development-process/1.Intro

+1: A GUIDE TO THE KERNEL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
+
+The purpose of this document is to help developers (and their managers)
+work with the development community with a minimum of frustration.  It is
+an attempt to document how this community works in a way which is
+accessible to those who are not intimately familiar with Linux kernel
+development (or, indeed, free software development in general).  While
+there is some technical material here, this is very much a process-oriented
+discussion which does not require a deep knowledge of kernel programming to
+understand.
+
+
+1.1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
+
+The rest of this section covers the scope of the kernel development process
+and the kinds of frustrations that developers and their employers can
+encounter there.  There are a great many reasons why kernel code should be
+merged into the official ("mainline") kernel, including automatic
+availability to users, community support in many forms, and the ability to
+influence the direction of kernel development.  Code contributed to the
+Linux kernel must be made available under a GPL-compatible license.
+
+Section 2 introduces the development process, the kernel release cycle, and
+the mechanics of the merge window.  The various phases in the patch
+development, review, and merging cycle are covered.  There is some
+discussion of tools and mailing lists.  Developers wanting to get started
+with kernel development are encouraged to track down and fix bugs as an
+initial exercise.
+
+Section 3 covers early-stage project planning, with an emphasis on
+involving the development community as soon as possible.
+
+Section 4 is about the coding process; several pitfalls which have been
+encountered by other developers are discussed.  Some requirements for
+patches are covered, and there is an introduction to some of the tools
+which can help to ensure that kernel patches are correct.
+
+Section 5 talks about the process of posting patches for review.  To be
+taken seriously by the development community, patches must be properly
+formatted and described, and they must be sent to the right place.
+Following the advice in this section should help to ensure the best
+possible reception for your work.
+
+Section 6 covers what happens after posting patches; the job is far from
+done at that point.  Working with reviewers is a crucial part of the
+development process; this section offers a number of tips on how to avoid
+problems at this important stage.  Developers are cautioned against
+assuming that the job is done when a patch is merged into the mainline.
+
+Section 7 introduces a couple of "advanced" topics: managing patches with
+git and reviewing patches posted by others.
+
+Section 8 concludes the document with pointers to sources for more
+information on kernel development.
+
+
+1.2: WHAT THIS DOCUMENT IS ABOUT
+
+The Linux kernel, at over 6 million lines of code and well over 1000 active
+contributors, is one of the largest and most active free software projects
+in existence.  Since its humble beginning in 1991, this kernel has evolved
+into a best-of-breed operating system component which runs on pocket-sized
+digital music players, desktop PCs, the largest supercomputers in
+existence, and all types of systems in between.  It is a robust, efficient,
+and scalable solution for almost any situation.
+
+With the growth of Linux has come an increase in the number of developers
+(and companies) wishing to participate in its development.  Hardware
+vendors want to ensure that Linux supports their products well, making
+those products attractive to Linux users.  Embedded systems vendors, who
+use Linux as a component in an integrated product, want Linux to be as
+capable and well-suited to the task at hand as possible.  Distributors and
+other software vendors who base their products on Linux have a clear
+interest in the capabilities, performance, and reliability of the Linux
+kernel.  And end users, too, will often wish to change Linux to make it
+better suit their needs.
+
+One of the most compelling features of Linux is that it is accessible to
+these developers; anybody with the requisite skills can improve Linux and
+influence the direction of its development.  Proprietary products cannot
+offer this kind of openness, which is a characteristic of the free software
+process.  But, if anything, the kernel is even more open than most other
+free software projects.  A typical three-month kernel development cycle can
+involve over 1000 developers working for more than 100 different companies
+(or for no company at all).
+
+Working with the kernel development community is not especially hard.  But,
+that notwithstanding, many potential contributors have experienced
+difficulties when trying to do kernel work.  The kernel community has
+evolved its own distinct ways of operating which allow it to function
+smoothly (and produce a high-quality product) in an environment where
+thousands of lines of code are being changed every day.  So it is not
+surprising that Linux kernel development process differs greatly from
+proprietary development methods.
+
+The kernel's development process may come across as strange and
+intimidating to new developers, but there are good reasons and solid
+experience behind it.  A developer who does not understand the kernel
+community's ways (or, worse, who tries to flout or circumvent them) will
+have a frustrating experience in store.  The development community, while
+being helpful to those who are trying to learn, has little time for those
+who will not listen or who do not care about the development process.
+
+It is hoped that those who read this document will be able to avoid that
+frustrating experience.  There is a lot of material here, but the effort
+involved in reading it will be repaid in short order.  The development
+community is always in need of developers who will help to make the kernel
+better; the following text should help you - or those who work for you -
+join our community.
+
+
+1.3: CREDITS
+
+This document was written by Jonathan Corbet, corbet@lwn.net.  It has been
+improved by comments from Johannes Berg, James Berry, Alex Chiang, Roland
+Dreier, Randy Dunlap, Jake Edge, Jiri Kosina, Matt Mackall, Arthur Marsh,
+Amanda McPherson, Andrew Morton, Andrew Price, Tsugikazu Shibata, and
+Jochen Voß. 
+
+This work was supported by the Linux Foundation; thanks especially to
+Amanda McPherson, who saw the value of this effort and made it all happen.
+
+
+1.4: THE IMPORTANCE OF GETTING CODE INTO THE MAINLINE
+
+Some companies and developers occasionally wonder why they should bother
+learning how to work with the kernel community and get their code into the
+mainline kernel (the "mainline" being the kernel maintained by Linus
+Torvalds and used as a base by Linux distributors).  In the short term,
+contributing code can look like an avoidable expense; it seems easier to
+just keep the code separate and support users directly.  The truth of the
+matter is that keeping code separate ("out of tree") is a false economy.
+
+As a way of illustrating the costs of out-of-tree code, here are a few
+relevant aspects of the kernel development process; most of these will be
+discussed in greater detail later in this document.  Consider:
+
+- Code which has been merged into the mainline kernel is available to all
+  Linux users.  It will automatically be present on all distributions which
+  enable it.  There is no need for driver disks, downloads, or the hassles
+  of supporting multiple versions of multiple distributions; it all just
+  works, for the developer and for the user.  Incorporation into the
+  mainline solves a large number of distribution and support problems.
+
+- While kernel developers strive to maintain a stable interface to user
+  space, the internal kernel API is in constant flux.  The lack of a stable
+  internal interface is a deliberate design decision; it allows fundamental
+  improvements to be made at any time and results in higher-quality code.
+  But one result of that policy is that any out-of-tree code requires
+  constant upkeep if it is to work with new kernels.  Maintaining
+  out-of-tree code requires significant amounts of work just to keep that
+  code working.
+
+  Code which is in the mainline, instead, does not require this work as the
+  result of a simple rule requiring any developer who makes an API change
+  to also fix any code that breaks as the result of that change.  So code
+  which has been merged into the mainline has significantly lower
+  maintenance costs.
+
+- Beyond that, code which is in the kernel will often be improved by other
+  developers.  Surprising results can come from empowering your user
+  community and customers to improve your product.
+
+- Kernel code is subjected to review, both before and after merging into
+  the mainline.  No matter how strong the original developer's skills are,
+  this review process invariably finds ways in which the code can be
+  improved.  Often review finds severe bugs and security problems.  This is
+  especially true for code which has been developed in a closed
+  environment; such code benefits strongly from review by outside
+  developers.  Out-of-tree code is lower-quality code.
+
+- Participation in the development process is your way to influence the
+  direction of kernel development.  Users who complain from the sidelines
+  are heard, but active developers have a stronger voice - and the ability
+  to implement changes which make the kernel work better for their needs.
+
+- When code is maintained separately, the possibility that a third party
+  will contribute a different implementation of a similar feature always
+  exists.  Should that happen, getting your code merged will become much
+  harder - to the point of impossibility.  Then you will be faced with the
+  unpleasant alternatives of either (1) maintaining a nonstandard feature
+  out of tree indefinitely, or (2) abandoning your code and migrating your
+  users over to the in-tree version.
+
+- Contribution of code is the fundamental action which makes the whole
+  process work.  By contributing your code you can add new functionality to
+  the kernel and provide capabilities and examples which are of use to
+  other kernel developers.  If you have developed code for Linux (or are
+  thinking about doing so), you clearly have an interest in the continued
+  success of this platform; contributing code is one of the best ways to
+  help ensure that success.
+
+All of the reasoning above applies to any out-of-tree kernel code,
+including code which is distributed in proprietary, binary-only form.
+There are, however, additional factors which should be taken into account
+before considering any sort of binary-only kernel code distribution.  These
+include:
+
+- The legal issues around the distribution of proprietary kernel modules
+  are cloudy at best; quite a few kernel copyright holders believe that
+  most binary-only modules are derived products of the kernel and that, as
+  a result, their distribution is a violation of the GNU General Public
+  license (about which more will be said below).  Your author is not a
+  lawyer, and nothing in this document can possibly be considered to be
+  legal advice.  The true legal status of closed-source modules can only be
+  determined by the courts.  But the uncertainty which haunts those modules
+  is there regardless.
+
+- Binary modules greatly increase the difficulty of debugging kernel
+  problems, to the point that most kernel developers will not even try.  So
+  the distribution of binary-only modules will make it harder for your
+  users to get support from the community.
+
+- Support is also harder for distributors of binary-only modules, who must
+  provide a version of the module for every distribution and every kernel
+  version they wish to support.  Dozens of builds of a single module can
+  be required to provide reasonably comprehensive coverage, and your users
+  will have to upgrade your module separately every time they upgrade their
+  kernel.
+
+- Everything that was said above about code review applies doubly to
+  closed-source code.  Since this code is not available at all, it cannot
+  have been reviewed by the community and will, beyond doubt, have serious
+  problems. 
+
+Makers of embedded systems, in particular, may be tempted to disregard much
+of what has been said in this section in the belief that they are shipping
+a self-contained product which uses a frozen kernel version and requires no
+more development after its release.  This argument misses the value of
+widespread code review and the value of allowing your users to add
+capabilities to your product.  But these products, too, have a limited
+commercial life, after which a new version must be released.  At that
+point, vendors whose code is in the mainline and well maintained will be
+much better positioned to get the new product ready for market quickly.
+
+
+1.5: LICENSING
+
+Code is contributed to the Linux kernel under a number of licenses, but all
+code must be compatible with version 2 of the GNU General Public License
+(GPLv2), which is the license covering the kernel distribution as a whole.
+In practice, that means that all code contributions are covered either by
+GPLv2 (with, optionally, language allowing distribution under later
+versions of the GPL) or the three-clause BSD license.  Any contributions
+which are not covered by a compatible license will not be accepted into the
+kernel.
+
+Copyright assignments are not required (or requested) for code contributed
+to the kernel.  All code merged into the mainline kernel retains its
+original ownership; as a result, the kernel now has thousands of owners.
+
+One implication of this ownership structure is that any attempt to change
+the licensing of the kernel is doomed to almost certain failure.  There are
+few practical scenarios where the agreement of all copyright holders could
+be obtained (or their code removed from the kernel).  So, in particular,
+there is no prospect of a migration to version 3 of the GPL in the
+foreseeable future.
+
+It is imperative that all code contributed to the kernel be legitimately
+free software.  For that reason, code from anonymous (or pseudonymous)
+contributors will not be accepted.  All contributors are required to "sign
+off" on their code, stating that the code can be distributed with the
+kernel under the GPL.  Code which has not been licensed as free software by
+its owner, or which risks creating copyright-related problems for the
+kernel (such as code which derives from reverse-engineering efforts lacking
+proper safeguards) cannot be contributed.
+
+Questions about copyright-related issues are common on Linux development
+mailing lists.  Such questions will normally receive no shortage of
+answers, but one should bear in mind that the people answering those
+questions are not lawyers and cannot provide legal advice.  If you have
+legal questions relating to Linux source code, there is no substitute for
+talking with a lawyer who understands this field.  Relying on answers
+obtained on technical mailing lists is a risky affair.

Documentation/development-process/3.Early-stage

+3: EARLY-STAGE PLANNING
+
+When contemplating a Linux kernel development project, it can be tempting
+to jump right in and start coding.  As with any significant project,
+though, much of the groundwork for success is best laid before the first
+line of code is written.  Some time spent in early planning and
+communication can save far more time later on.
+
+
+3.1: SPECIFYING THE PROBLEM
+
+Like any engineering project, a successful kernel enhancement starts with a
+clear description of the problem to be solved.  In some cases, this step is
+easy: when a driver is needed for a specific piece of hardware, for
+example.  In others, though, it is tempting to confuse the real problem
+with the proposed solution, and that can lead to difficulties.
+
+Consider an example: some years ago, developers working with Linux audio
+sought a way to run applications without dropouts or other artifacts caused
+by excessive latency in the system.  The solution they arrived at was a
+kernel module intended to hook into the Linux Security Module (LSM)
+framework; this module could be configured to give specific applications
+access to the realtime scheduler.  This module was implemented and sent to
+the linux-kernel mailing list, where it immediately ran into problems.
+
+To the audio developers, this security module was sufficient to solve their
+immediate problem.  To the wider kernel community, though, it was seen as a
+misuse of the LSM framework (which is not intended to confer privileges
+onto processes which they would not otherwise have) and a risk to system
+stability.  Their preferred solutions involved realtime scheduling access
+via the rlimit mechanism for the short term, and ongoing latency reduction
+work in the long term.
+
+The audio community, however, could not see past the particular solution
+they had implemented; they were unwilling to accept alternatives.  The
+resulting disagreement left those developers feeling disillusioned with the
+entire kernel development process; one of them went back to an audio list
+and posted this:
+
+	There are a number of very good Linux kernel developers, but they
+	tend to get outshouted by a large crowd of arrogant fools. Trying
+	to communicate user requirements to these people is a waste of
+	time. They are much too "intelligent" to listen to lesser mortals.
+
+(http://lwn.net/Articles/131776/).
+
+The reality of the situation was different; the kernel developers were far
+more concerned about system stability, long-term maintenance, and finding
+the right solution to the problem than they were with a specific module.
+The moral of the story is to focus on the problem - not a specific solution
+- and to discuss it with the development community before investing in the
+creation of a body of code.
+
+So, when contemplating a kernel development project, one should obtain
+answers to a short set of questions:
+
+ - What, exactly, is the problem which needs to be solved?
+
+ - Who are the users affected by this problem?  Which use cases should the
+   solution address?
+
+ - How does the kernel fall short in addressing that problem now?
+
+Only then does it make sense to start considering possible solutions.
+
+
+3.2: EARLY DISCUSSION
+
+When planning a kernel development project, it makes great sense to hold
+discussions with the community before launching into implementation.  Early
+communication can save time and trouble in a number of ways:
+
+ - It may well be that the problem is addressed by the kernel in ways which
+   you have not understood.  The Linux kernel is large and has a number of
+   features and capabilities which are not immediately obvious.  Not all
+   kernel capabilities are documented as well as one might like, and it is
+   easy to miss things.  Your author has seen the posting of a complete
+   driver which duplicated an existing driver that the new author had been
+   unaware of.  Code which reinvents existing wheels is not only wasteful;
+   it will also not be accepted into the mainline kernel.
+
+ - There may be elements of the proposed solution which will not be
+   acceptable for mainline merging.  It is better to find out about
+   problems like this before writing the code.
+
+ - It's entirely possible that other developers have thought about the
+   problem; they may have ideas for a better solution, and may be willing
+   to help in the creation of that solution.
+
+Years of experience with the kernel development community have taught a
+clear lesson: kernel code which is designed and developed behind closed
+doors invariably has problems which are only revealed when the code is
+released into the community.  Sometimes these problems are severe,
+requiring months or years of effort before the code can be brought up to
+the kernel community's standards.  Some examples include:
+
+ - The Devicescape network stack was designed and implemented for
+   single-processor systems.  It could not be merged into the mainline
+   until it was made suitable for multiprocessor systems.  Retrofitting
+   locking and such into code is a difficult task; as a result, the merging
+   of this code (now called mac80211) was delayed for over a year.
+
+ - The Reiser4 filesystem included a number of capabilities which, in the
+   core kernel developers' opinion, should have been implemented in the
+   virtual filesystem layer instead.  It also included features which could
+   not easily be implemented without exposing the system to user-caused
+   deadlocks.  The late revelation of these problems - and refusal to
+   address some of them - has caused Reiser4 to stay out of the mainline
+   kernel.
+
+ - The AppArmor security module made use of internal virtual filesystem
+   data structures in ways which were considered to be unsafe and
+   unreliable.  This code has since been significantly reworked, but
+   remains outside of the mainline.
+
+In each of these cases, a great deal of pain and extra work could have been
+avoided with some early discussion with the kernel developers.
+
+
+3.3: WHO DO YOU TALK TO?
+
+When developers decide to take their plans public, the next question will
+be: where do we start?  The answer is to find the right mailing list(s) and
+the right maintainer.  For mailing lists, the best approach is to look in
+the MAINTAINERS file for a relevant place to post.  If there is a suitable
+subsystem list, posting there is often preferable to posting on
+linux-kernel; you are more likely to reach developers with expertise in the
+relevant subsystem and the environment may be more supportive.
+
+Finding maintainers can be a bit harder.  Again, the MAINTAINERS file is
+the place to start.  That file tends to not always be up to date, though,
+and not all subsystems are represented there.  The person listed in the
+MAINTAINERS file may, in fact, not be the person who is actually acting in
+that role currently.  So, when there is doubt about who to contact, a
+useful trick is to use git (and "git log" in particular) to see who is
+currently active within the subsystem of interest.  Look at who is writing
+patches, and who, if anybody, is attaching Signed-off-by lines to those
+patches.  Those are the people who will be best placed to help with a new
+development project.
+
+If all else fails, talking to Andrew Morton can be an effective way to
+track down a maintainer for a specific piece of code.
+
+
+3.4: WHEN TO POST?
+
+If possible, posting your plans during the early stages can only be
+helpful.  Describe the problem being solved and any plans that have been
+made on how the implementation will be done.  Any information you can
+provide can help the development community provide useful input on the
+project.
+
+One discouraging thing which can happen at this stage is not a hostile
+reaction, but, instead, little or no reaction at all.  The sad truth of the
+matter is (1) kernel developers tend to be busy, (2) there is no shortage
+of people with grand plans and little code (or even prospect of code) to
+back them up, and (3) nobody is obligated to review or comment on ideas
+posted by others.  If a request-for-comments posting yields little in the
+way of comments, do not assume that it means there is no interest in the
+project.  Unfortunately, you also cannot assume that there are no problems
+with your idea.  The best thing to do in this situation is to proceed,
+keeping the community informed as you go.
+
+
+3.5: GETTING OFFICIAL BUY-IN
+
+If your work is being done in a corporate environment - as most Linux
+kernel work is - you must, obviously, have permission from suitably
+empowered managers before you can post your company's plans or code to a
+public mailing list.  The posting of code which has not been cleared for
+release under a GPL-compatible license can be especially problematic; the
+sooner that a company's management and legal staff can agree on the posting
+of a kernel development project, the better off everybody involved will be.
+
+Some readers may be thinking at this point that their kernel work is
+intended to support a product which does not yet have an officially
+acknowledged existence.  Revealing their employer's plans on a public
+mailing list may not be a viable option.  In cases like this, it is worth
+considering whether the secrecy is really necessary; there is often no real
+need to keep development plans behind closed doors.
+
+That said, there are also cases where a company legitimately cannot
+disclose its plans early in the development process.  Companies with
+experienced kernel developers may choose to proceed in an open-loop manner
+on the assumption that they will be able to avoid serious integration
+problems later.  For companies without that sort of in-house expertise, the
+best option is often to hire an outside developer to review the plans under
+a non-disclosure agreement.  The Linux Foundation operates an NDA program
+designed to help with this sort of situation; more information can be found
+at:
+
+    http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/NDA_program
+
+This kind of review is often enough to avoid serious problems later on
+without requiring public disclosure of the project.

Documentation/development-process/5.Posting

+5: POSTING PATCHES
+
+Sooner or later, the time comes when your work is ready to be presented to
+the community for review and, eventually, inclusion into the mainline
+kernel.  Unsurprisingly, the kernel development community has evolved a set
+of conventions and procedures which are used in the posting of patches;
+following them will make life much easier for everybody involved.  This
+document will attempt to cover these expectations in reasonable detail;
+more information can also be found in the files SubmittingPatches,
+SubmittingDrivers, and SubmitChecklist in the kernel documentation
+directory.
+
+
+5.1: WHEN TO POST
+
+There is a constant temptation to avoid posting patches before they are
+completely "ready."  For simple patches, that is not a problem.  If the
+work being done is complex, though, there is a lot to be gained by getting
+feedback from the community before the work is complete.  So you should
+consider posting in-progress work, or even making a git tree available so
+that interested developers can catch up with your work at any time.
+
+When posting code which is not yet considered ready for inclusion, it is a
+good idea to say so in the posting itself.  Also mention any major work
+which remains to be done and any known problems.  Fewer people will look at
+patches which are known to be half-baked, but those who do will come in
+with the idea that they can help you drive the work in the right direction.
+
+
+5.2: BEFORE CREATING PATCHES
+
+There are a number of things which should be done before you consider
+sending patches to the development community.  These include:
+
+ - Test the code to the extent that you can.  Make use of the kernel's
+   debugging tools, ensure that the kernel will build with all reasonable
+   combinations of configuration options, use cross-compilers to build for
+   different architectures, etc.
+
+ - Make sure your code is compliant with the kernel coding style
+   guidelines.
+
+ - Does your change have performance implications?  If so, you should run
+   benchmarks showing what the impact (or benefit) of your change is; a
+   summary of the results should be included with the patch.
+
+ - Be sure that you have the right to post the code.  If this work was done
+   for an employer, the employer likely has a right to the work and must be
+   agreeable with its release under the GPL.
+
+As a general rule, putting in some extra thought before posting code almost
+always pays back the effort in short order.
+
+
+5.3: PATCH PREPARATION
+
+The preparation of patches for posting can be a surprising amount of work,
+but, once again, attempting to save time here is not generally advisable
+even in the short term.
+
+Patches must be prepared against a specific version of the kernel.  As a
+general rule, a patch should be based on the current mainline as found in
+Linus's git tree.  It may become necessary to make versions against -mm,
+linux-next, or a subsystem tree, though, to facilitate wider testing and
+review.  Depending on the area of your patch and what is going on
+elsewhere, basing a patch against these other trees can require a
+significant amount of work resolving conflicts and dealing with API
+changes.
+
+Only the most simple changes should be formatted as a single patch;
+everything else should be made as a logical series of changes.  Splitting
+up patches is a bit of an art; some developers spend a long time figuring
+out how to do it in the way that the community expects.  There are a few
+rules of thumb, however, which can help considerably:
+
+ - The patch series you post will almost certainly not be the series of
+   changes found in your working revision control system.  Instead, the
+   changes you have made need to be considered in their final form, then
+   split apart in ways which make sense.  The developers are interested in
+   discrete, self-contained changes, not the path you took to get to those
+   changes.
+
+ - Each logically independent change should be formatted as a separate
+   patch.  These changes can be small ("add a field to this structure") or
+   large (adding a significant new driver, for example), but they should be
+   conceptually small and amenable to a one-line description.  Each patch
+   should make a specific change which can be reviewed on its own and
+   verified to do what it says it does.
+
+ - As a way of restating the guideline above: do not mix different types of
+   changes in the same patch.  If a single patch fixes a critical security
+   bug, rearranges a few structures, and reformats the code, there is a
+   good chance that it will be passed over and the important fix will be
+   lost.
+
+ - Each patch should yield a kernel which builds and runs properly; if your
+   patch series is interrupted in the middle, the result should still be a
+   working kernel.  Partial application of a patch series is a common
+   scenario when the "git bisect" tool is used to find regressions; if the
+   result is a broken kernel, you will make life harder for developers and
+   users who are engaging in the noble work of tracking down problems.
+
+ - Do not overdo it, though.  One developer recently posted a set of edits
+   to a single file as 500 separate patches - an act which did not make him
+   the most popular person on the kernel mailing list.  A single patch can
+   be reasonably large as long as it still contains a single *logical*
+   change. 
+
+ - It can be tempting to add a whole new infrastructure with a series of
+   patches, but to leave that infrastructure unused until the final patch
+   in the series enables the whole thing.  This temptation should be
+   avoided if possible; if that series adds regressions, bisection will
+   finger the last patch as the one which caused the problem, even though
+   the real bug is elsewhere.  Whenever possible, a patch which adds new
+   code should make that code active immediately.
+
+Working to create the perfect patch series can be a frustrating process
+which takes quite a bit of time and thought after the "real work" has been
+done.  When done properly, though, it is time well spent.
+
+
+5.4: PATCH FORMATTING
+
+So now you have a perfect series of patches for posting, but the work is
+not done quite yet.  Each patch needs to be formatted into a message which
+quickly and clearly communicates its purpose to the rest of the world.  To
+that end, each patch will be composed of the following:
+
+ - An optional "From" line naming the author of the patch.  This line is
+   only necessary if you are passing on somebody else's patch via email,
+   but it never hurts to add it when in doubt.
+
+ - A one-line description of what the patch does.  This message should be
+   enough for a reader who sees it with no other context to figure out the
+   scope of the patch; it is the line that will show up in the "short form"
+   changelogs.  This message is usually formatted with the relevant
+   subsystem name first, followed by the purpose of the patch.  For
+   example:
+
+	gpio: fix build on CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS=n
+
+ - A blank line followed by a detailed description of the contents of the
+   patch.  This description can be as long as is required; it should say
+   what the patch does and why it should be applied to the kernel.
+
+ - One or more tag lines, with, at a minimum, one Signed-off-by: line from
+   the author of the patch.  Tags will be described in more detail below.
+
+The above three items should, normally, be the text used when committing
+the change to a revision control system.  They are followed by:
+
+ - The patch itself, in the unified ("-u") patch format.  Using the "-p"
+   option to diff will associate function names with changes, making the
+   resulting patch easier for others to read.
+
+You should avoid including changes to irrelevant files (those generated by
+the build process, for example, or editor backup files) in the patch.  The
+file "dontdiff" in the Documentation directory can help in this regard;
+pass it to diff with the "-X" option.
+
+The tags mentioned above are used to describe how various developers have
+been associated with the development of this patch.  They are described in
+detail in the SubmittingPatches document; what follows here is a brief
+summary.  Each of these lines has the format:
+
+	tag: Full Name <email address>  optional-other-stuff
+
+The tags in common use are:
+
+ - Signed-off-by: this is a developer's certification that he or she has
+   the right to submit the patch for inclusion into the kernel.  It is an
+   agreement to the Developer's Certificate of Origin, the full text of
+   which can be found in Documentation/SubmittingPatches.  Code without a
+   proper signoff cannot be merged into the mainline.
+
+ - Acked-by: indicates an agreement by another developer (often a
+   maintainer of the relevant code) that the patch is appropriate for
+   inclusion into the kernel.
+
+ - Tested-by: states that the named person has tested the patch and found
+   it to work.
+
+ - Reviewed-by: the named developer has reviewed the patch for correctness;
+   see the reviewer's statement in Documentation/SubmittingPatches for more
+   detail.
+
+ - Reported-by: names a user who reported a problem which is fixed by this
+   patch; this tag is used to give credit to the (often underappreciated)
+   people who test our code and let us know when things do not work
+   correctly.
+
+ - Cc: the named person received a copy of the patch and had the
+   opportunity to comment on it.
+
+Be careful in the addition of tags to your patches: only Cc: is appropriate
+for addition without the explicit permission of the person named.
+
+
+5.5: SENDING THE PATCH
+
+Before you mail your patches, there are a couple of other things you should
+take care of:
+
+ - Are you sure that your mailer will not corrupt the patches?  Patches
+   which have had gratuitous white-space changes or line wrapping performed
+   by the mail client will not apply at the other end, and often will not
+   be examined in any detail.  If there is any doubt at all, mail the patch
+   to yourself and convince yourself that it shows up intact.  
+
+   Documentation/email-clients.txt has some helpful hints on making
+   specific mail clients work for sending patches.
+
+ - Are you sure your patch is free of silly mistakes?  You should always
+   run patches through scripts/checkpatch.pl and address the complaints it
+   comes up with.  Please bear in mind that checkpatch.pl, while being the
+   embodiment of a fair amount of thought about what kernel patches should
+   look like, is not smarter than you.  If fixing a checkpatch.pl complaint
+   would make the code worse, don't do it.
+
+Patches should always be sent as plain text.  Please do not send them as
+attachments; that makes it much harder for reviewers to quote sections of
+the patch in their replies.  Instead, just put the patch directly into your
+message.
+
+When mailing patches, it is important to send copies to anybody who might
+be interested in it.  Unlike some other projects, the kernel encourages
+people to err on the side of sending too many copies; don't assume that the
+relevant people will see your posting on the mailing lists.  In particular,
+copies should go to:
+
+ - The maintainer(s) of the affected subsystem(s).  As described earlier,
+   the MAINTAINERS file is the first place to look for these people.
+
+ - Other developers who have been working in the same area - especially
+   those who might be working there now.  Using git to see who else has
+   modified the files you are working on can be helpful.
+
+ - If you are responding to a bug report or a feature request, copy the
+   original poster as well.
+
+ - Send a copy to the relevant mailing list, or, if nothing else applies,
+   the linux-kernel list.
+
+ - If you are fixing a bug, think about whether the fix should go into the
+   next stable update.  If so, stable@kernel.org should get a copy of the
+   patch.  Also add a "Cc: stable@kernel.org" to the tags within the patch
+   itself; that will cause the stable team to get a notification when your
+   fix goes into the mainline.
+
+When selecting recipients for a patch, it is good to have an idea of who
+you think will eventually accept the patch and get it merged.  While it
+is possible to send patches directly to Linus Torvalds and have him merge
+them, things are not normally done that way.  Linus is busy, and there are
+subsystem maintainers who watch over specific parts of the kernel.  Usually
+you will be wanting that maintainer to merge your patches.  If there is no
+obvious maintainer, Andrew Morton is often the patch target of last resort.
+
+Patches need good subject lines.  The canonical format for a patch line is
+something like:
+
+	[PATCH nn/mm] subsys: one-line description of the patch
+
+where "nn" is the ordinal number of the patch, "mm" is the total number of
+patches in the series, and "subsys" is the name of the affected subsystem.
+Clearly, nn/mm can be omitted for a single, standalone patch.  
+
+If you have a significant series of patches, it is customary to send an
+introductory description as part zero.  This convention is not universally
+followed though; if you use it, remember that information in the
+introduction does not make it into the kernel changelogs.  So please ensure
+that the patches, themselves, have complete changelog information.
+
+In general, the second and following parts of a multi-part patch should be
+sent as a reply to the first part so that they all thread together at the
+receiving end.  Tools like git and quilt have commands to mail out a set of
+patches with the proper threading.  If you have a long series, though, and
+are using git, please provide the --no-chain-reply-to option to avoid
+creating exceptionally deep nesting.

Documentation/development-process/6.Followthrough

+6: FOLLOWTHROUGH
+
+At this point, you have followed the guidelines given so far and, with the
+addition of your own engineering skills, have posted a perfect series of
+patches.  One of the biggest mistakes that even experienced kernel
+developers can make is to conclude that their work is now done.  In truth,
+posting patches indicates a transition into the next stage of the process,
+with, possibly, quite a bit of work yet to be done.
+
+It is a rare patch which is so good at its first posting that there is no
+room for improvement.  The kernel development process recognizes this fact,
+and, as a result, is heavily oriented toward the improvement of posted
+code.  You, as the author of that code, will be expected to work with the
+kernel community to ensure that your code is up to the kernel's quality
+standards.  A failure to participate in this process is quite likely to
+prevent the inclusion of your patches into the mainline.
+
+
+6.1: WORKING WITH REVIEWERS
+
+A patch of any significance will result in a number of comments from other
+developers as they review the code.  Working with reviewers can be, for
+many developers, the most intimidating part of the kernel development
+process.  Life can be made much easier, though, if you keep a few things in
+mind:
+
+ - If you have explained your patch well, reviewers will understand its
+   value and why you went to the trouble of writing it.  But that value
+   will not keep them from asking a fundamental question: what will it be
+   like to maintain a kernel with this code in it five or ten years later?
+   Many of the changes you may be asked to make - from coding style tweaks
+   to substantial rewrites - come from the understanding that Linux will
+   still be around and under development a decade from now.
+
+ - Code review is hard work, and it is a relatively thankless occupation;
+   people remember who wrote kernel code, but there is little lasting fame
+   for those who reviewed it.  So reviewers can get grumpy, especially when
+   they see the same mistakes being made over and over again.  If you get a
+   review which seems angry, insulting, or outright offensive, resist the
+   impulse to respond in kind.  Code review is about the code, not about
+   the people, and code reviewers are not attacking you personally.
+
+ - Similarly, code reviewers are not trying to promote their employers'
+   agendas at the expense of your own.  Kernel developers often expect to
+   be working on the kernel years from now, but they understand that their
+   employer could change.  They truly are, almost without exception,
+   working toward the creation of the best kernel they can; they are not
+   trying to create discomfort for their employers' competitors.
+
+What all of this comes down to is that, when reviewers send you comments,
+you need to pay attention to the technical observations that they are
+making.  Do not let their form of expression or your own pride keep that
+from happening.  When you get review comments on a patch, take the time to
+understand what the reviewer is trying to say.  If possible, fix the things
+that the reviewer is asking you to fix.  And respond back to the reviewer:
+thank them, and describe how you will answer their questions.
+
+Note that you do not have to agree with every change suggested by
+reviewers.  If you believe that the reviewer has misunderstood your code,
+explain what is really going on.  If you have a technical objection to a
+suggested change, describe it and justify your solution to the problem.  If
+your explanations make sense, the reviewer will accept them.  Should your
+explanation not prove persuasive, though, especially if others start to
+agree with the reviewer, take some time to think things over again.  It can
+be easy to become blinded by your own solution to a problem to the point
+that you don't realize that something is fundamentally wrong or, perhaps,
+you're not even solving the right problem.
+
+One fatal mistake is to ignore review comments in the hope that they will
+go away.  They will not go away.  If you repost code without having
+responded to the comments you got the time before, you're likely to find
+that your patches go nowhere.
+
+Speaking of reposting code: please bear in mind that reviewers are not
+going to remember all the details of the code you posted the last time
+around.  So it is always a good idea to remind reviewers of previously
+raised issues and how you dealt with them; the patch changelog is a good
+place for this kind of information.  Reviewers should not have to search
+through list archives to familiarize themselves with what was said last
+time; if you help them get a running start, they will be in a better mood
+when they revisit your code.
+
+What if you've tried to do everything right and things still aren't going
+anywhere?  Most technical disagreements can be resolved through discussion,
+but there are times when somebody simply has to make a decision.  If you
+honestly believe that this decision is going against you wrongly, you can
+always try appealing to a higher power.  As of this writing, that higher
+power tends to be Andrew Morton.  Andrew has a great deal of respect in the
+kernel development community; he can often unjam a situation which seems to
+be hopelessly blocked.  Appealing to Andrew should not be done lightly,
+though, and not before all other alternatives have been explored.  And bear
+in mind, of course, that he may not agree with you either.
+
+
+6.2: WHAT HAPPENS NEXT
+
+If a patch is considered to be a good thing to add to the kernel, and once
+most of the review issues have been resolved, the next step is usually
+entry into a subsystem maintainer's tree.  How that works varies from one
+subsystem to the next; each maintainer has his or her own way of doing
+things.  In particular, there may be more than one tree - one, perhaps,
+dedicated to patches planned for the next merge window, and another for
+longer-term work.  
+
+For patches applying to areas for which there is no obvious subsystem tree
+(memory management patches, for example), the default tree often ends up
+being -mm.  Patches which affect multiple subsystems can also end up going
+through the -mm tree.
+
+Inclusion into a subsystem tree can bring a higher level of visibility to a
+patch.  Now other developers working with that tree will get the patch by
+default.  Subsystem trees typically feed into -mm and linux-next as well,
+making their contents visible to the development community as a whole.  At
+this point, there's a good chance that you will get more comments from a
+new set of reviewers; these comments need to be answered as in the previous
+round.
+
+What may also happen at this point, depending on the nature of your patch,
+is that conflicts with work being done by others turn up.  In the worst
+case, heavy patch conflicts can result in some work being put on the back
+burner so that the remaining patches can be worked into shape and merged.
+Other times, conflict resolution will involve working with the other
+developers and, possibly, moving some patches between trees to ensure that
+everything applies cleanly.  This work can be a pain, but count your
+blessings: before the advent of the linux-next tree, these conflicts often
+only turned up during the merge window and had to be addressed in a hurry.
+Now they can be resolved at leisure, before the merge window opens.
+
+Some day, if all goes well, you'll log on and see that your patch has been
+merged into the mainline kernel.  Congratulations!  Once the celebration is
+complete (and you have added yourself to the MAINTAINERS file), though, it
+is worth remembering an important little fact: the job still is not done.
+Merging into the mainline brings its own challenges.
+
+To begin with, the visibility of your patch has increased yet again.  There
+may be a new round of comments from developers who had not been aware of
+the patch before.  It may be tempting to ignore them, since there is no
+longer any question of your code being merged.  Resist that temptation,
+though; you still need to be responsive to developers who have questions or
+suggestions.
+
+More importantly, though: inclusion into the mainline puts your code into
+the hands of a much larger group of testers.  Even if you have contributed
+a driver for hardware which is not yet available, you will be surprised by
+how many people will build your code into their kernels.  And, of course,
+where there are testers, there will be bug reports.
+
+The worst sort of bug reports are regressions.  If your patch causes a
+regression, you'll find an uncomfortable number of eyes upon you;
+regressions need to be fixed as soon as possible.  If you are unwilling or
+unable to fix the regression (and nobody else does it for you), your patch
+will almost certainly be removed during the stabilization period.  Beyond
+negating all of the work you have done to get your patch into the mainline,
+having a patch pulled as the result of a failure to fix a regression could
+well make it harder for you to get work merged in the future.
+
+After any regressions have been dealt with, there may be other, ordinary
+bugs to deal with.  The stabilization period is your best opportunity to
+fix these bugs and ensure that your code's debut in a mainline kernel
+release is as solid as possible.  So, please, answer bug reports, and fix
+the problems if at all possible.  That's what the stabilization period is
+for; you can start creating cool new patches once any problems with the old
+ones have been taken care of.
+
+And don't forget that there are other milestones which may also create bug
+reports: the next mainline stable release, when prominent distributors pick
+up a version of the kernel containing your patch, etc.  Continuing to
+respond to these reports is a matter of basic pride in your work.  If that
+is insufficient motivation, though, it's also worth considering that the
+development community remembers developers who lose interest in their code
+after it's merged.  The next time you post a patch, they will be evaluating
+it with the assumption that you will not be around to maintain it
+afterward.
+
+
+6.3: OTHER THINGS THAT CAN HAPPEN
+
+One day, you may open your mail client and see that somebody has mailed you
+a patch to your code.  That is one of the advantages of having your code
+out there in the open, after all.  If you agree with the patch, you can
+either forward it on to the subsystem maintainer (be sure to include a
+proper From: line so that the attribution is correct, and add a signoff of
+your own), or send an Acked-by: response back and let the original poster
+send it upward.
+
+If you disagree with the patch, send a polite response explaining why.  If
+possible, tell the author what changes need to be made to make the patch
+acceptable to you.  There is a certain resistance to merging patches which
+are opposed by the author and maintainer of the code, but it only goes so
+far.  If you are seen as needlessly blocking good work, those patches will
+eventually flow around you and get into the mainline anyway.  In the Linux
+kernel, nobody has absolute veto power over any code.  Except maybe Linus.
+
+On very rare occasion, you may see something completely different: another
+developer posts a different solution to your problem.  At that point,
+chances are that one of the two patches will not be merged, and "mine was
+here first" is not considered to be a compelling technical argument.  If
+somebody else's patch displaces yours and gets into the mainline, there is
+really only one way to respond: be pleased that your problem got solved and
+get on with your work.  Having one's work shoved aside in this manner can
+be hurtful and discouraging, but the community will remember your reaction
+long after they have forgotten whose patch actually got merged.

Documentation/devices.txt

@@ -2571,6 +2571,9 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0	1st USB Legotower device
 		    ...
 		175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15	16th USB Legotower device
+		176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1	First USB TMC device
+		   ...
+		192 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16	16th USB TMC device
 		240 = /dev/usb/dabusb0	First daubusb device
 		    ...
 		243 = /dev/usb/dabusb3	Fourth dabusb device

Documentation/fb/intelfb.txt

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ graphics devices.  These would include:
 	Intel 915GM
 	Intel 945G
 	Intel 945GM
+	Intel 945GME
 	Intel 965G
 	Intel 965GM
 

Documentation/fb/uvesafb.txt

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ are either given on the kernel command line or as module parameters, e.g.:
 
  video=uvesafb:1024x768-32,mtrr:3,ywrap (compiled into the kernel)
 
- # modprobe uvesafb mode=1024x768-32 mtrr=3 scroll=ywrap  (module)
+ # modprobe uvesafb mode_option=1024x768-32 mtrr=3 scroll=ywrap  (module)
 
 Accepted options:
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ vtotal:n
 <mode>  The mode you want to set, in the standard modedb format.  Refer to
         modedb.txt for a detailed description.  When uvesafb is compiled as
         a module, the mode string should be provided as a value of the
-        'mode' option.
+        'mode_option' option.
 
 vbemode:x
         Force the use of VBE mode x.  The mode will only be set if it's

Documentation/filesystems/ext3.txt

@@ -96,6 +96,11 @@ errors=remount-ro(*)	Remount the filesystem read-only on an error.
 errors=continue		Keep going on a filesystem error.
 errors=panic		Panic and halt the machine if an error occurs.
 
+data_err=ignore(*)	Just print an error message if an error occurs
+			in a file data buffer in ordered mode.
+data_err=abort		Abort the journal if an error occurs in a file
+			data buffer in ordered mode.
+
 grpid			Give objects the same group ID as their creator.
 bsdgroups
 
@@ -193,6 +198,5 @@ kernel source:	<file:fs/ext3/>
 programs: 	http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net/
 		http://ext2resize.sourceforge.net
 
-useful links:	http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/ext3/ext3-usage.html
-		http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-fs7/
+useful links:	http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-fs7/
 		http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-fs8/

Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ They depend on various facilities being available:
 3.1)  Booting from a floppy using syslinux
 
 	When building kernels, an easy way to create a boot floppy that uses
-	syslinux is to use the zdisk or bzdisk make targets which use
+	syslinux is to use the zdisk or bzdisk make targets which use zimage
       	and bzimage images respectively. Both targets accept the
      	FDARGS parameter which can be used to set the kernel command line.