提交 baea7b94 编写于 作者: R Russell King

Merge branch 'origin' into for-linus

Conflicts:
	MAINTAINERS

要显示的变更太多。

To preserve performance only 1000 of 1000+ files are displayed.
What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/bl_power
Date: April 2005
KernelVersion: 2.6.12
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Control BACKLIGHT power, values are FB_BLANK_* from fb.h
- FB_BLANK_UNBLANK (0) : power on.
- FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN (4) : power off
Users: HAL
What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/brightness
Date: April 2005
KernelVersion: 2.6.12
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Control the brightness for this <backlight>. Values
are between 0 and max_brightness. This file will also
show the brightness level stored in the driver, which
may not be the actual brightness (see actual_brightness).
Users: HAL
What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/actual_brightness
Date: March 2006
KernelVersion: 2.6.17
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Show the actual brightness by querying the hardware.
Users: HAL
What: /sys/class/backlight/<backlight>/max_brightness
Date: April 2005
KernelVersion: 2.6.12
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Maximum brightness for <backlight>.
Users: HAL
What: /sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/lcd_power
Date: April 2005
KernelVersion: 2.6.12
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Control LCD power, values are FB_BLANK_* from fb.h
- FB_BLANK_UNBLANK (0) : power on.
- FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN (4) : power off
What: /sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/contrast
Date: April 2005
KernelVersion: 2.6.12
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Current contrast of this LCD device. Value is between 0 and
/sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/max_contrast.
What: /sys/class/lcd/<lcd>/max_contrast
Date: April 2005
KernelVersion: 2.6.12
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Maximum contrast for this LCD device.
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/brightness
Date: March 2006
KernelVersion: 2.6.17
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Set the brightness of the LED. Most LEDs don't
have hardware brightness support so will just be turned on for
non-zero brightness settings. The value is between 0 and
/sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness.
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness
Date: March 2006
KernelVersion: 2.6.17
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Maximum brightness level for this led, default is 255 (LED_FULL).
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/trigger
Date: March 2006
KernelVersion: 2.6.17
Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Description:
Set the trigger for this LED. A trigger is a kernel based source
of led events.
You can change triggers in a similar manner to the way an IO
scheduler is chosen. Trigger specific parameters can appear in
/sys/class/leds/<led> once a given trigger is selected.
......@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Description:
/gpioN ... for each exported GPIO #N
/value ... always readable, writes fail for input GPIOs
/direction ... r/w as: in, out (default low); write: high, low
/edge ... r/w as: none, falling, rising, both
/gpiochipN ... for each gpiochip; #N is its first GPIO
/base ... (r/o) same as N
/label ... (r/o) descriptive, not necessarily unique
......
What: /sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/display
Date: January 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.20
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
This file allows display switching. The value
is composed by 4 bits and defined as follow:
4321
|||`- LCD
||`-- CRT
|`--- TV
`---- DVI
Ex: - 0 (0000b) means no display
- 3 (0011b) CRT+LCD.
What: /sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/gps
Date: January 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.20
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
Control the gps device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
Users: Lapsus
What: /sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/ledd
Date: January 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.20
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
Some models like the W1N have a LED display that can be
used to display several informations.
To control the LED display, use the following :
echo 0x0T000DDD > /sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/
where T control the 3 letters display, and DDD the 3 digits display.
The DDD table can be found in Documentation/laptops/asus-laptop.txt
What: /sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/bluetooth
Date: January 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.20
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
Control the bluetooth device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
This may control the led, the device or both.
Users: Lapsus
What: /sys/devices/platform/asus-laptop/wlan
Date: January 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.20
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
Control the bluetooth device. 1 means on, 0 means off.
This may control the led, the device or both.
Users: Lapsus
What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/disp
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
This file allows display switching.
- 1 = LCD
- 2 = CRT
- 3 = LCD+CRT
If you run X11, you should use xrandr instead.
What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/camera
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
Control the camera. 1 means on, 0 means off.
What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/cardr
Date: May 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
Control the card reader. 1 means on, 0 means off.
What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/cpufv
Date: Jun 2009
KernelVersion: 2.6.31
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
Change CPU clock configuration.
On the Eee PC 1000H there are three available clock configuration:
* 0 -> Super Performance Mode
* 1 -> High Performance Mode
* 2 -> Power Saving Mode
On Eee PC 701 there is only 2 available clock configurations.
Available configuration are listed in available_cpufv file.
Reading this file will show the raw hexadecimal value which
is defined as follow:
| 8 bit | 8 bit |
| `---- Current mode
`------------ Availables modes
For example, 0x301 means: mode 1 selected, 3 available modes.
What: /sys/devices/platform/eeepc-laptop/available_cpufv
Date: Jun 2009
KernelVersion: 2.6.31
Contact: "Corentin Chary" <corentincj@iksaif.net>
Description:
List available cpufv modes.
......@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml mcabook.xml device-drivers.xml \
genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \
mac80211.xml debugobjects.xml sh.xml regulator.xml \
alsa-driver-api.xml writing-an-alsa-driver.xml \
tracepoint.xml
tracepoint.xml media.xml
###
# The build process is as follows (targets):
......@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ PS_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x)
###
# The targets that may be used.
PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs cleandocs
PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs cleandocs media
BOOKS := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(DOCBOOKS))
xmldocs: $(BOOKS)
......@@ -45,12 +45,16 @@ PDF := $(patsubst %.xml, %.pdf, $(BOOKS))
pdfdocs: $(PDF)
HTML := $(sort $(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(BOOKS)))
htmldocs: $(HTML)
htmldocs: media $(HTML)
$(call build_main_index)
MAN := $(patsubst %.xml, %.9, $(BOOKS))
mandocs: $(MAN)
media:
mkdir -p $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/media/
cp $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/*.png $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/v4l/*.gif $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/media/
installmandocs: mandocs
mkdir -p /usr/local/man/man9/
install Documentation/DocBook/man/*.9.gz /usr/local/man/man9/
......
此差异已折叠。
<title>DVB CA Device</title>
<para>The DVB CA device controls the conditional access hardware. It can be accessed through
<emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0</emphasis>. Data types and and ioctl definitions can be accessed by
including <emphasis role="tt">linux/dvb/ca.h</emphasis> in your application.
</para>
<section id="ca_data_types">
<title>CA Data Types</title>
<section id="ca_slot_info_t">
<title>ca_slot_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
/&#x22C6; slot interface types and info &#x22C6;/
typedef struct ca_slot_info_s {
int num; /&#x22C6; slot number &#x22C6;/
int type; /&#x22C6; CA interface this slot supports &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI 1 /&#x22C6; CI high level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_LINK 2 /&#x22C6; CI link layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_PHYS 4 /&#x22C6; CI physical layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_SC 128 /&#x22C6; simple smart card interface &#x22C6;/
unsigned int flags;
#define CA_CI_MODULE_PRESENT 1 /&#x22C6; module (or card) inserted &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_MODULE_READY 2
} ca_slot_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca_descr_info_t">
<title>ca_descr_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr_info_s {
unsigned int num; /&#x22C6; number of available descramblers (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int type; /&#x22C6; type of supported scrambling system &#x22C6;/
#define CA_ECD 1
#define CA_NDS 2
#define CA_DSS 4
} ca_descr_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca_cap_t">
<title>ca_cap_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_cap_s {
unsigned int slot_num; /&#x22C6; total number of CA card and module slots &#x22C6;/
unsigned int slot_type; /&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_num; /&#x22C6; total number of descrambler slots (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_type;/&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
} ca_cap_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca_msg_t">
<title>ca_msg_t</title>
<programlisting>
/&#x22C6; a message to/from a CI-CAM &#x22C6;/
typedef struct ca_msg_s {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int type;
unsigned int length;
unsigned char msg[256];
} ca_msg_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca_descr_t">
<title>ca_descr_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr_s {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int parity;
unsigned char cw[8];
} ca_descr_t;
</programlisting>
</section></section>
<section id="ca_function_calls">
<title>CA Function Calls</title>
<section id="ca_fopen">
<title>open()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call opens a named ca device (e.g. /dev/ost/ca) for subsequent use.</para>
<para>When an open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready for use.
The significance of blocking or non-blocking mode is described in the
documentation for functions where there is a difference. It does not affect the
semantics of the open() call itself. A device opened in blocking mode can later
be put into non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command
of the fcntl system call. This is a standard system call, documented in the Linux
manual page for fcntl. Only one user can open the CA Device in O_RDWR
mode. All other attempts to open the device in this mode will fail, and an error
code will be returned.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int open(const char &#x22C6;deviceName, int flags);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>const char
*deviceName</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Name of specific video device.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int flags</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>A bit-wise OR of the following flags:</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDONLY read-only access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDWR read/write access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_NONBLOCK open in non-blocking mode</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>(blocking mode is the default)</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ENODEV</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device driver not loaded/available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINTERNAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Internal error.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBUSY</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device or resource busy.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="ca_fclose">
<title>close()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call closes a previously opened audio device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int close(int fd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
</section>
此差异已折叠。
<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Ralph</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">J. K.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Marcus</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">O. C.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Mauro</firstname>
<surname>Chehab</surname>
<othername role="mi">Carvalho</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>mchehab@redhat.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Ported document to Docbook XML.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<year>2003</year>
<year>2009</year>
<holder>Convergence GmbH</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.1</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-16</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Added ISDB-T test originally written by Patrick Boettcher
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>Conversion from LaTex to DocBook XML. The
contents is the same as the original LaTex version.</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2003-07-24</date>
<authorinitials>rjkm</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision on LaTEX.</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>LINUX DVB API</title>
<subtitle>Version 3</subtitle>
<!-- ADD THE CHAPTERS HERE -->
<chapter id="dvb_introdution">
&sub-intro;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_frontend">
&sub-frontend;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_demux">
&sub-demux;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_video">
&sub-video;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_audio">
&sub-audio;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_ca">
&sub-ca;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_net">
&sub-net;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_kdapi">
&sub-kdapi;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_examples">
&sub-examples;
</chapter>
<!-- END OF CHAPTERS -->
<title>Examples</title>
<para>In this section we would like to present some examples for using the DVB API.
</para>
<para>Maintainer note: This section is out of date. Please refer to the sample programs packaged
with the driver distribution from <ulink url="http://linuxtv.org/hg/dvb-apps" />.
</para>
<section id="tuning">
<title>Tuning</title>
<para>We will start with a generic tuning subroutine that uses the frontend and SEC, as well as
the demux devices. The example is given for QPSK tuners, but can easily be adjusted for
QAM.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/sec.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DMX "/dev/dvb/adapter0/demux1"
#define FRONT "/dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend1"
#define SEC "/dev/dvb/adapter0/sec1"
/&#x22C6; routine for checking if we have a signal and other status information&#x22C6;/
int FEReadStatus(int fd, fe_status_t &#x22C6;stat)
{
int ans;
if ( (ans = ioctl(fd,FE_READ_STATUS,stat) &#x003C; 0)){
perror("FE READ STATUS: ");
return -1;
}
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_POWER)
printf("FE HAS POWER\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_SIGNAL)
printf("FE HAS SIGNAL\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_SPECTRUM_INV)
printf("SPEKTRUM INV\n");
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; tune qpsk &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; freq: frequency of transponder &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid, tpid: PIDs of video, audio and teletext TS packets &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; diseqc: DiSEqC address of the used LNB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; pol: Polarisation &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; srate: Symbol Rate &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; fec. FEC &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof1: local frequency of lower LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof2: local frequency of upper LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_slof: switch frequency of LNB &#x22C6;/
int set_qpsk_channel(int freq, int vpid, int apid, int tpid,
int diseqc, int pol, int srate, int fec, int lnb_lof1,
int lnb_lof2, int lnb_slof)
{
struct secCommand scmd;
struct secCmdSequence scmds;
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
FrontendParameters frp;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
FrontendEvent event;
int demux1, demux2, demux3, front;
frequency = (uint32_t) freq;
symbolrate = (uint32_t) srate;
if((front = open(FRONT,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("FRONTEND DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if((sec = open(SEC,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux3 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux3=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (freq &#x003C; lnb_slof) {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof1);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_OFF;
} else {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof2);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_ON;
}
frp.Inversion = INVERSION_AUTO;
if (pol) scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_18;
else scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_13;
scmd.type=0;
scmd.u.diseqc.addr=0x10;
scmd.u.diseqc.cmd=0x38;
scmd.u.diseqc.numParams=1;
scmd.u.diseqc.params[0] = 0xF0 | ((diseqc &#x22C6; 4) &amp; 0x0F) |
(scmds.continuousTone == SEC_TONE_ON ? 1 : 0) |
(scmds.voltage==SEC_VOLTAGE_18 ? 2 : 0);
scmds.miniCommand=SEC_MINI_NONE;
scmds.numCommands=1;
scmds.commands=&amp;scmd;
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
frp.u.qpsk.SymbolRate = srate;
frp.u.qpsk.FEC_inner = fec;
if (ioctl(front, FE_SET_FRONTEND, &amp;frp) &#x003C; 0){
perror("QPSK TUNE: ");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = front;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
if (poll(pfd,1,3000)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
printf("Getting QPSK event\n");
if ( ioctl(front, FE_GET_EVENT, &amp;event)
== -EOVERFLOW){
perror("qpsk get event");
return -1;
}
printf("Received ");
switch(event.type){
case FE_UNEXPECTED_EV:
printf("unexpected event\n");
return -1;
case FE_FAILURE_EV:
printf("failure event\n");
return -1;
case FE_COMPLETION_EV:
printf("completion event\n");
}
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_vpid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_apid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = tpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_TELETEXT;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux3, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_tpid");
return -1;
}
return has_signal(fds);
}
</programlisting>
<para>The program assumes that you are using a universal LNB and a standard DiSEqC
switch with up to 4 addresses. Of course, you could build in some more checking if
tuning was successful and maybe try to repeat the tuning process. Depending on the
external hardware, i.e. LNB and DiSEqC switch, and weather conditions this may be
necessary.
</para>
</section>
<section id="the_dvr_device">
<title>The DVR device</title>
<para>The following program code shows how to use the DVR device for recording.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DVR "/dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr1"
#define AUDIO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/audio1"
#define VIDEO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/video1"
#define BUFFY (188&#x22C6;20)
#define MAX_LENGTH (1024&#x22C6;1024&#x22C6;5) /&#x22C6; record 5MB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; switch the demuxes to recording, assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int switch_to_record(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; start recording MAX_LENGTH , assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int record_dvr(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
int i;
int len;
int written;
uint8_t buf[BUFFY];
uint64_t length;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
int dvr, dvr_out;
/&#x22C6; open dvr device &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr = open(DVR, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DVR DEVICE");
return -1;
}
/&#x22C6; switch video and audio demuxes to dvr &#x22C6;/
printf ("Switching dvr on\n");
i = switch_to_record(demux1, demux2, vpid, apid);
printf("finished: ");
printf("Recording %2.0f MB of test file in TS format\n",
MAX_LENGTH/(1024.0&#x22C6;1024.0));
length = 0;
/&#x22C6; open output file &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr_out = open(DVR_FILE,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT
|O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR
|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|
S_IWOTH)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("Can't open file for dvr test");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = dvr;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
/&#x22C6; poll for dvr data and write to file &#x22C6;/
while (length &#x003C; MAX_LENGTH ) {
if (poll(pfd,1,1)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
len = read(dvr, buf, BUFFY);
if (len &#x003C; 0){
perror("recording");
return -1;
}
if (len &#x003E; 0){
written = 0;
while (written &#x003C; len)
written +=
write (dvr_out,
buf, len);
length += len;
printf("written %2.0f MB\r",
length/1024./1024.);
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
</programlisting>
</section>
此差异已折叠。
<title>Introduction</title>
<section id="requisites">
<title>What you need to know</title>
<para>The reader of this document is required to have some knowledge in
the area of digital video broadcasting (DVB) and should be familiar with
part I of the MPEG2 specification ISO/IEC 13818 (aka ITU-T H.222), i.e
you should know what a program/transport stream (PS/TS) is and what is
meant by a packetized elementary stream (PES) or an I-frame.</para>
<para>Various DVB standards documents are available from
<ulink url="http://www.dvb.org" /> and/or
<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org" />.</para>
<para>It is also necessary to know how to access unix/linux devices and
how to use ioctl calls. This also includes the knowledge of C or C++.
</para>
</section>
<section id="history">
<title>History</title>
<para>The first API for DVB cards we used at Convergence in late 1999
was an extension of the Video4Linux API which was primarily developed
for frame grabber cards. As such it was not really well suited to be
used for DVB cards and their new features like recording MPEG streams
and filtering several section and PES data streams at the same time.
</para>
<para>In early 2000, we were approached by Nokia with a proposal for a
new standard Linux DVB API. As a commitment to the development of
terminals based on open standards, Nokia and Convergence made it
available to all Linux developers and published it on
<ulink url="http://www.linuxtv.org/" /> in September 2000.
Convergence is the maintainer of the Linux DVB API. Together with the
LinuxTV community (i.e. you, the reader of this document), the Linux DVB
API will be constantly reviewed and improved. With the Linux driver for
the Siemens/Hauppauge DVB PCI card Convergence provides a first
implementation of the Linux DVB API.</para>
</section>
<section id="overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<figure id="stb_components">
<title>Components of a DVB card/STB</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.png" format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>A DVB PCI card or DVB set-top-box (STB) usually consists of the
following main hardware components: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Frontend consisting of tuner and DVB demodulator</para>
<para>Here the raw signal reaches the DVB hardware from a satellite dish
or antenna or directly from cable. The frontend down-converts and
demodulates this signal into an MPEG transport stream (TS). In case of a
satellite frontend, this includes a facility for satellite equipment
control (SEC), which allows control of LNB polarization, multi feed
switches or dish rotors.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Conditional Access (CA) hardware like CI adapters and smartcard slots
</para>
<para>The complete TS is passed through the CA hardware. Programs to
which the user has access (controlled by the smart card) are decoded in
real time and re-inserted into the TS.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Demultiplexer which filters the incoming DVB stream</para>
<para>The demultiplexer splits the TS into its components like audio and
video streams. Besides usually several of such audio and video streams
it also contains data streams with information about the programs
offered in this or other streams of the same provider.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>MPEG2 audio and video decoder</para>
<para>The main targets of the demultiplexer are the MPEG2 audio and
video decoders. After decoding they pass on the uncompressed audio and
video to the computer screen or (through a PAL/NTSC encoder) to a TV
set.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><xref linkend="stb_components" /> shows a crude schematic of the control and data flow
between those components.</para>
<para>On a DVB PCI card not all of these have to be present since some
functionality can be provided by the main CPU of the PC (e.g. MPEG
picture and sound decoding) or is not needed (e.g. for data-only uses
like &#8220;internet over satellite&#8221;). Also not every card or STB
provides conditional access hardware.</para>
</section>
<section id="dvb_devices">
<title>Linux DVB Devices</title>
<para>The Linux DVB API lets you control these hardware components
through currently six Unix-style character devices for video, audio,
frontend, demux, CA and IP-over-DVB networking. The video and audio
devices control the MPEG2 decoder hardware, the frontend device the
tuner and the DVB demodulator. The demux device gives you control over
the PES and section filters of the hardware. If the hardware does not
support filtering these filters can be implemented in software. Finally,
the CA device controls all the conditional access capabilities of the
hardware. It can depend on the individual security requirements of the
platform, if and how many of the CA functions are made available to the
application through this device.</para>
<para>All devices can be found in the <emphasis role="tt">/dev</emphasis>
tree under <emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb</emphasis>. The individual devices
are called:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/audioM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/videoM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/frontendM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/netM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/demuxM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/caM</emphasis>,</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
<para>where N enumerates the DVB PCI cards in a system starting
from&#x00A0;0, and M enumerates the devices of each type within each
adapter, starting from&#x00A0;0, too. We will omit the &#8220;<emphasis
role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/</emphasis>&#8221; in the further dicussion
of these devices. The naming scheme for the devices is the same wheter
devfs is used or not.</para>
<para>More details about the data structures and function calls of all
the devices are described in the following chapters.</para>
</section>
<section id="include_files">
<title>API include files</title>
<para>For each of the DVB devices a corresponding include file exists.
The DVB API include files should be included in application sources with
a partial path like:</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<para>To enable applications to support different API version, an
additional include file <emphasis
role="tt">linux/dvb/version.h</emphasis> exists, which defines the
constant <emphasis role="tt">DVB_API_VERSION</emphasis>. This document
describes <emphasis role="tt">DVB_API_VERSION&#x00A0;3</emphasis>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt">
<title>ISDB-T frontend</title>
<para>This section describes shortly what are the possible parameters in the Linux
DVB-API called "S2API" and now DVB API 5 in order to tune an ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb
demodulator:</para>
<para>This ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb API extension should reflect all information
needed to tune any ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb hardware. Of course it is possible
that some very sophisticated devices won't need certain parameters to
tune.</para>
<para>The information given here should help application writers to know how
to handle ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb hardware using the Linux DVB-API.</para>
<para>The details given here about ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb are just enough to
basically show the dependencies between the needed parameter values,
but surely some information is left out. For more detailed information
see the following documents:</para>
<para>ARIB STD-B31 - "Transmission System for Digital Terrestrial
Television Broadcasting" and</para>
<para>ARIB TR-B14 - "Operational Guidelines for Digital Terrestrial
Television Broadcasting".</para>
<para>In order to read this document one has to have some knowledge the
channel structure in ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb. I.e. it has to be known to
the reader that an ISDB-T channel consists of 13 segments, that it can
have up to 3 layer sharing those segments, and things like that.</para>
<para>Parameters used by ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb.</para>
<section id="isdbt-parms">
<title>Parameters that are common with DVB-T and ATSC</title>
<section id="isdbt-freq">
<title><constant>DTV_FREQUENCY</constant></title>
<para>Central frequency of the channel.</para>
<para>For ISDB-T the channels are usally transmitted with an offset of 143kHz. E.g. a
valid frequncy could be 474143 kHz. The stepping is bound to the bandwidth of
the channel which is 6MHz.</para>
<para>As in ISDB-Tsb the channel consists of only one or three segments the
frequency step is 429kHz, 3*429 respectively. As for ISDB-T the
central frequency of the channel is expected.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-bw">
<title><constant>DTV_BANDWIDTH_HZ</constant> (optional)</title>
<para>Possible values:</para>
<para>For ISDB-T it should be always 6000000Hz (6MHz)</para>
<para>For ISDB-Tsb it can vary depending on the number of connected segments</para>
<para>Note: Hardware specific values might be given here, but standard
applications should not bother to set a value to this field as
standard demods are ignoring it anyway.</para>
<para>Bandwidth in ISDB-T is fixed (6MHz) or can be easily derived from
other parameters (DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX,
DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT).</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-delivery-sys">
<title><constant>DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: <constant>SYS_ISDBT</constant></para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-tx-mode">
<title><constant>DTV_TRANSMISSION_MODE</constant></title>
<para>ISDB-T supports three carrier/symbol-size: 8K, 4K, 2K. It is called
'mode' in the standard: Mode 1 is 2K, mode 2 is 4K, mode 3 is 8K</para>
<para>Possible values: <constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_2K</constant>, <constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K</constant>,
<constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_AUTO</constant>, <constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_4K</constant></para>
<para>If <constant>DTV_TRANSMISSION_MODE</constant> is set the <constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_AUTO</constant> the
hardware will try to find the correct FFT-size (if capable) and will
use TMCC to fill in the missing parameters.</para>
<para><constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_4K</constant> is added at the same time as the other new parameters.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-guard-interval">
<title><constant>DTV_GUARD_INTERVAL</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_1_32</constant>, <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16</constant>, <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8</constant>,
<constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_1_4</constant>, <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO</constant></para>
<para>If <constant>DTV_GUARD_INTERVAL</constant> is set the <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO</constant> the hardware will
try to find the correct guard interval (if capable) and will use TMCC to fill
in the missing parameters.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-new-parms">
<title>ISDB-T only parameters</title>
<section id="isdbt-part-rec">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant></title>
<para><constant>If DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '0' this bit-field represents whether
the channel is in partial reception mode or not.</para>
<para>If '1' <constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYERA_*</constant> values are assigned to the center segment and
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYERA_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> has to be '1'.</para>
<para>If in addition <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '1'
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant> represents whether this ISDB-Tsb channel
is consisting of one segment and layer or three segments and two layers.</para>
<para>Possible values: 0, 1, -1 (AUTO)</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-sound-bcast">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant></title>
<para>This field represents whether the other DTV_ISDBT_*-parameters are
referring to an ISDB-T and an ISDB-Tsb channel. (See also
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant>).</para>
<para>Possible values: 0, 1, -1 (AUTO)</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-sb-ch-id">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SUBCHANNEL_ID</constant></title>
<para>This field only applies if <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '1'.</para>
<para>(Note of the author: This might not be the correct description of the
<constant>SUBCHANNEL-ID</constant> in all details, but it is my understanding of the technical
background needed to program a device)</para>
<para>An ISDB-Tsb channel (1 or 3 segments) can be broadcasted alone or in a
set of connected ISDB-Tsb channels. In this set of channels every
channel can be received independently. The number of connected
ISDB-Tsb segment can vary, e.g. depending on the frequency spectrum
bandwidth available.</para>
<para>Example: Assume 8 ISDB-Tsb connected segments are broadcasted. The
broadcaster has several possibilities to put those channels in the
air: Assuming a normal 13-segment ISDB-T spectrum he can align the 8
segments from position 1-8 to 5-13 or anything in between.</para>
<para>The underlying layer of segments are subchannels: each segment is
consisting of several subchannels with a predefined IDs. A sub-channel
is used to help the demodulator to synchronize on the channel.</para>
<para>An ISDB-T channel is always centered over all sub-channels. As for
the example above, in ISDB-Tsb it is no longer as simple as that.</para>
<para><constant>The DTV_ISDBT_SB_SUBCHANNEL_ID</constant> parameter is used to give the
sub-channel ID of the segment to be demodulated.</para>
<para>Possible values: 0 .. 41, -1 (AUTO)</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-sb-seg-idx">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX</constant></title>
<para>This field only applies if <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '1'.</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX</constant> gives the index of the segment to be
demodulated for an ISDB-Tsb channel where several of them are
transmitted in the connected manner.</para>
<para>Possible values: 0 .. <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> - 1</para>
<para>Note: This value cannot be determined by an automatic channel search.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-sb-seg-cnt">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant></title>
<para>This field only applies if <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '1'.</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> gives the total count of connected ISDB-Tsb
channels.</para>
<para>Possible values: 1 .. 13</para>
<para>Note: This value cannot be determined by an automatic channel search.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdb-hierq-layers">
<title>Hierarchical layers</title>
<para>ISDB-T channels can be coded hierarchically. As opposed to DVB-T in
ISDB-T hierarchical layers can be decoded simultaneously. For that
reason a ISDB-T demodulator has 3 viterbi and 3 reed-solomon-decoders.</para>
<para>ISDB-T has 3 hierarchical layers which each can use a part of the
available segments. The total number of segments over all layers has
to 13 in ISDB-T.</para>
<section id="isdbt-layer-ena">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED</constant></title>
<para>Hierarchical reception in ISDB-T is achieved by enabling or disabling
layers in the decoding process. Setting all bits of
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED</constant> to '1' forces all layers (if applicable) to be
demodulated. This is the default.</para>
<para>If the channel is in the partial reception mode
(<constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant> = 1) the central segment can be decoded
independently of the other 12 segments. In that mode layer A has to
have a <constant>SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> of 1.</para>
<para>In ISDB-Tsb only layer A is used, it can be 1 or 3 in ISDB-Tsb
according to <constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant>. <constant>SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> must be filled
accordingly.</para>
<para>Possible values: 0x1, 0x2, 0x4 (|-able)</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[0:0]</constant> - layer A</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[1:1]</constant> - layer B</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[2:2]</constant> - layer C</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[31:3]</constant> unused</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-layer-fec">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_FEC</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: <constant>FEC_AUTO</constant>, <constant>FEC_1_2</constant>, <constant>FEC_2_3</constant>, <constant>FEC_3_4</constant>, <constant>FEC_5_6</constant>, <constant>FEC_7_8</constant></para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-layer-mod">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_MODULATION</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: <constant>QAM_AUTO</constant>, QP<constant>SK, QAM_16</constant>, <constant>QAM_64</constant>, <constant>DQPSK</constant></para>
<para>Note: If layer C is <constant>DQPSK</constant> layer B has to be <constant>DQPSK</constant>. If layer B is <constant>DQPSK</constant>
and <constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant>=0 layer has to be <constant>DQPSK</constant>.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-layer-seg-cnt">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1 (AUTO)</para>
<para>Note: Truth table for <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> and
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant> and <constant>LAYER</constant>*_SEGMENT_COUNT</para>
<informaltable id="isdbt-layer_seg-cnt-table">
<tgroup cols="6">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>PR</entry>
<entry>SB</entry>
<entry>Layer A width</entry>
<entry>Layer B width</entry>
<entry>Layer C width</entry>
<entry>total width</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>13</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>13</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>13</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="isdbt_layer_t_interl">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_TIME_INTERLEAVING</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, -1 (AUTO)</para>
<para>Note: The real inter-leaver depth-names depend on the mode (fft-size); the values
here are referring to what can be found in the TMCC-structure -
independent of the mode.</para>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</section>
此差异已折叠。
<title>DVB Network API</title>
<para>The DVB net device enables feeding of MPE (multi protocol encapsulation) packets
received via DVB into the Linux network protocol stack, e.g. for internet via satellite
applications. It can be accessed through <emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapter0/net0</emphasis>. Data types and
and ioctl definitions can be accessed by including <emphasis role="tt">linux/dvb/net.h</emphasis> in your
application.
</para>
<section id="dvb_net_types">
<title>DVB Net Data Types</title>
<para>To be written&#x2026;
</para>
</section>
此差异已折叠。
此差异已折叠。
<!-- Generated file! Do not edit. -->
<index><title>List of Types</title>
<indexentry><primaryie><link linkend='v4l2-std-id'>v4l2_std_id</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-buf-type'>v4l2_buf_type</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-colorspace'>v4l2_colorspace</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-ctrl-type'>v4l2_ctrl_type</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-exposure-auto-type'>v4l2_exposure_auto_type</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-field'>v4l2_field</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-frmivaltypes'>v4l2_frmivaltypes</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-frmsizetypes'>v4l2_frmsizetypes</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-memory'>v4l2_memory</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-ac3-bitrate'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_ac3_bitrate</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-crc'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_crc</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-emphasis'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_emphasis</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-encoding'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_encoding</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-l1-bitrate'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_l1_bitrate</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-l2-bitrate'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_l2_bitrate</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-l3-bitrate'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_l3_bitrate</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-mode'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_mode</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-mode-extension'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_mode_extension</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-audio-sampling-freq'>v4l2_mpeg_audio_sampling_freq</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='chroma-spatial-filter-type'>v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_chroma_spatial_filter_type</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='luma-spatial-filter-type'>v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_luma_spatial_filter_type</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-cx2341x-video-median-filter-type'>v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_median_filter_type</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-cx2341x-video-spatial-filter-mode'>v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_spatial_filter_mode</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-cx2341x-video-temporal-filter-mode'>v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_temporal_filter_mode</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-stream-type'>v4l2_mpeg_stream_type</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt'>v4l2_mpeg_stream_vbi_fmt</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-video-aspect'>v4l2_mpeg_video_aspect</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-video-bitrate-mode'>v4l2_mpeg_video_bitrate_mode</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-video-encoding'>v4l2_mpeg_video_encoding</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-power-line-frequency'>v4l2_power_line_frequency</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-priority'>v4l2_priority</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-tuner-type'>v4l2_tuner_type</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-preemphasis'>v4l2_preemphasis</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-audio'>v4l2_audio</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-audioout'>v4l2_audioout</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-buffer'>v4l2_buffer</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-capability'>v4l2_capability</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-captureparm'>v4l2_captureparm</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-clip'>v4l2_clip</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-control'>v4l2_control</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-crop'>v4l2_crop</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-cropcap'>v4l2_cropcap</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-dbg-chip-ident'>v4l2_dbg_chip_ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-dbg-match'>v4l2_dbg_match</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-dbg-register'>v4l2_dbg_register</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-enc-idx'>v4l2_enc_idx</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-enc-idx-entry'>v4l2_enc_idx_entry</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-encoder-cmd'>v4l2_encoder_cmd</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-ext-control'>v4l2_ext_control</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-ext-controls'>v4l2_ext_controls</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-fmtdesc'>v4l2_fmtdesc</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-format'>v4l2_format</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-fract'>v4l2_fract</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-framebuffer'>v4l2_framebuffer</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-frequency'>v4l2_frequency</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-frmival-stepwise'>v4l2_frmival_stepwise</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-frmivalenum'>v4l2_frmivalenum</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-frmsize-discrete'>v4l2_frmsize_discrete</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-frmsize-stepwise'>v4l2_frmsize_stepwise</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-frmsizeenum'>v4l2_frmsizeenum</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-hw-freq-seek'>v4l2_hw_freq_seek</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-input'>v4l2_input</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-jpegcompression'>v4l2_jpegcompression</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-modulator'>v4l2_modulator</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv'>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_fmt_ivtv</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-output'>v4l2_output</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-outputparm'>v4l2_outputparm</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-pix-format'>v4l2_pix_format</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-queryctrl'>v4l2_queryctrl</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-querymenu'>v4l2_querymenu</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-rect'>v4l2_rect</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-requestbuffers'>v4l2_requestbuffers</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-sliced-vbi-cap'>v4l2_sliced_vbi_cap</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-sliced-vbi-data'>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-sliced-vbi-format'>v4l2_sliced_vbi_format</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-standard'>v4l2_standard</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-streamparm'>v4l2_streamparm</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-timecode'>v4l2_timecode</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-tuner'>v4l2_tuner</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-vbi-format'>v4l2_vbi_format</link></primaryie></indexentry>
<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link linkend='v4l2-window'>v4l2_window</link></primaryie></indexentry>
</index>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % media-entities SYSTEM "./media-entities.tmpl"> %media-entities;
<!ENTITY media-indices SYSTEM "./media-indices.tmpl">
<!ENTITY eg "e.&nbsp;g.">
<!ENTITY ie "i.&nbsp;e.">
<!ENTITY fd "File descriptor returned by <link linkend='func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.">
<!ENTITY i2c "I<superscript>2</superscript>C">
<!ENTITY return-value "<title>Return Value</title><para>On success <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> is returned, on error <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> and the <varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately:</para>">
<!ENTITY manvol "<manvolnum>2</manvolnum>">
<!-- Table templates: structs, structs w/union, defines. -->
<!ENTITY cs-str "<colspec colname='c1' colwidth='1*' /><colspec colname='c2' colwidth='1*' /><colspec colname='c3' colwidth='2*' /><spanspec spanname='hspan' namest='c1' nameend='c3' />">
<!ENTITY cs-ustr "<colspec colname='c1' colwidth='1*' /><colspec colname='c2' colwidth='1*' /><colspec colname='c3' colwidth='1*' /><colspec colname='c4' colwidth='2*' /><spanspec spanname='hspan' namest='c1' nameend='c4' />">
<!ENTITY cs-def "<colspec colname='c1' colwidth='3*' /><colspec colname='c2' colwidth='1*' /><colspec colname='c3' colwidth='4*' /><spanspec spanname='hspan' namest='c1' nameend='c3' />">
<!-- Video for Linux mailing list address. -->
<!ENTITY v4l-ml "<ulink url='http://www.linuxtv.org/lists.php'>http://www.linuxtv.org/lists.php</ulink>">
<!-- LinuxTV v4l-dvb repository. -->
<!ENTITY v4l-dvb "<ulink url='http://linuxtv.org/repo/'>http://linuxtv.org/repo/</ulink>">
]>
<book id="media_api">
<bookinfo>
<title>LINUX MEDIA INFRASTRUCTURE API</title>
<copyright>
<year>2009</year>
<holder>LinuxTV Developers</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify
this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. A copy of the license is included in the chapter entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License"</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc> <!-- autogenerated -->
<preface>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>This document covers the Linux Kernel to Userspace API's used by
video and radio straming devices, including video cameras,
analog and digital TV receiver cards, AM/FM receiver cards,
streaming capture devices.</para>
<para>It is divided into three parts.</para>
<para>The first part covers radio, capture,
cameras and analog TV devices.</para>
<para>The second part covers the
API used for digital TV and Internet reception via one of the
several digital tv standards. While it is called as DVB API,
in fact it covers several different video standards including
DVB-T, DVB-S, DVB-C and ATSC. The API is currently being updated
to documment support also for DVB-S2, ISDB-T and ISDB-S.</para>
<para>The third part covers other API's used by all media infrastructure devices</para>
<para>For additional information and for the latest development code,
see: <ulink url="http://linuxtv.org">http://linuxtv.org</ulink>.</para>
<para>For discussing improvements, reporting troubles, sending new drivers, etc, please mail to: <ulink url="http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-media">Linux Media Mailing List (LMML).</ulink>.</para>
</preface>
<part id="v4l2spec">
&sub-v4l2;
</part>
<part id="dvbapi">
&sub-dvbapi;
</part>
<part id="v4ldvb_common">
<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Mauro</firstname>
<surname>Chehab</surname>
<othername role="mi">Carvalho</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>mchehab@redhat.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Initial version.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2009</year>
<holder>Mauro Carvalho Chehab</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>Other API's used by media infrastructure drivers</title>
<chapter id="remote_controllers">
&sub-remote_controllers;
</chapter>
</part>
&sub-fdl-appendix;
</book>
......@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ static void board_select_chip (struct mtd_info *mtd, int chip)
<para>
The blocks in which the tables are stored are procteted against
accidental access by marking them bad in the memory bad block
table. The bad block table managment functions are allowed
table. The bad block table management functions are allowed
to circumvernt this protection.
</para>
<para>
......
......@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@
<para>
The SAS transport class contains common code to deal with SAS HBAs,
an aproximated representation of SAS topologies in the driver model,
and various sysfs attributes to expose these topologies and managment
and various sysfs attributes to expose these topologies and management
interfaces to userspace.
</para>
<para>
......
......@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
<param name="chunk.quietly">1</param>
<param name="funcsynopsis.style">ansi</param>
<param name="funcsynopsis.tabular.threshold">80</param>
<param name="callout.graphics">0</param>
<!-- <param name="paper.type">A4</param> -->
<param name="generate.section.toc.level">2</param>
</stylesheet>
<bibliography>
<title>References</title>
<biblioentry id="eia608">
<abbrev>EIA&nbsp;608-B</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Electronic Industries Alliance (<ulink
url="http://www.eia.org">http://www.eia.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>EIA 608-B "Recommended Practice for Line 21 Data
Service"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="en300294">
<abbrev>EN&nbsp;300&nbsp;294</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>EN 300 294 "625-line television Wide Screen Signalling
(WSS)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="ets300231">
<abbrev>ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;231</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink
url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ETS 300 231 "Specification of the domestic video
Programme Delivery Control system (PDC)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="ets300706">
<abbrev>ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;706</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ETS 300 706 "Enhanced Teletext specification"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="mpeg2part1">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;13818-1</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>), International
Organisation for Standardisation (<ulink
url="http://www.iso.ch">http://www.iso.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 "Information
technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="mpeg2part2">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;13818-2</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>), International
Organisation for Standardisation (<ulink
url="http://www.iso.ch">http://www.iso.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO/IEC 13818-2 "Information
technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Video"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu470">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.470</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6 "Conventional Television
Systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu601">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.601</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-5 "Studio Encoding Parameters
of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect
Ratios"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu653">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.653</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.653-3 "Teletext systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu709">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.709</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.709-5 "Parameter values for the
HDTV standards for production and international programme
exchange"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu1119">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.1119</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.1119 "625-line
television Wide Screen Signalling (WSS)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="jfif">
<abbrev>JFIF</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Independent JPEG Group (<ulink
url="http://www.ijg.org">http://www.ijg.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>JPEG File Interchange Format</title>
<subtitle>Version 1.02</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte12m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;12M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 12M-1999 "Television, Audio and Film - Time and
Control Code"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte170m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;170M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 170M-1999 "Television - Composite Analog Video
Signal - NTSC for Studio Applications"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte240m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;240M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 240M-1999 "Television - Signal Parameters -
1125-Line High-Definition Production"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="en50067">
<abbrev>EN&nbsp;50067</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
(<ulink url="http://www.cenelec.eu">http://www.cenelec.eu</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting
in the frequency range from 87,5 to 108,0 MHz</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="nrsc4">
<abbrev>NRSC-4</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>National Radio Systems Committee
(<ulink url="http://www.nrscstandards.org">http://www.nrscstandards.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>NTSC-4: United States RBDS Standard</title>
</biblioentry>
</bibliography>
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<title>Video Capture Interface</title>
<para>Video capture devices sample an analog video signal and store
the digitized images in memory. Today nearly all devices can capture
at full 25 or 30 frames/second. With this interface applications can
control the capture process and move images from the driver into user
space.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 video capture devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/video</filename>
and <filename>/dev/video0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/video63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 0 to 63. <filename>/dev/video</filename> is typically a
symbolic link to the preferred video device. Note the same device
files are used for video output devices.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video capture interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. As secondary device functions
they may also support the <link linkend="overlay">video overlay</link>
(<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant>) and the <link
linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI capture</link>
(<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE</constant>) interface. At least one of
the read/write or streaming I/O methods must be supported. Tuners and
audio inputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video capture devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio input</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">tuner</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video input</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video capture devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Image Format Negotiation</title>
<para>The result of a capture operation is determined by
cropping and image format parameters. The former select an area of the
video picture to capture, the latter how images are stored in memory,
&ie; in RGB or YUV format, the number of bits per pixel or width and
height. Together they also define how images are scaled in the
process.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis> reset
at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device
and then reading from it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2
applications ensure they really get what they want, including cropping
and scaling.</para>
<para>Cropping initialization at minimum requires to reset the
parameters to defaults. An example is given in <xref
linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>To query the current image format applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-pix-format; <structfield>pix</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-pix-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers may
adjust the parameters and finally return the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.</para>
<para>Like <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> the
&VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be used to learn about hardware limitations
without disabling I/O or possibly time consuming hardware
preparations.</para>
<para>The contents of &v4l2-pix-format; are discussed in <xref
linkend="pixfmt" />. See also the specification of the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>
and <constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> ioctls for details. Video
capture devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading Images</title>
<para>A video capture device may support the <link
linkend="rw">read() function</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. See <xref
linkend="io" /> for details.</para>
</section>
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<title>Codec Interface</title>
<note>
<title>Suspended</title>
<para>This interface has been be suspended from the V4L2 API
implemented in Linux 2.6 until we have more experience with codec
device interfaces.</para>
</note>
<para>A V4L2 codec can compress, decompress, transform, or otherwise
convert video data from one format into another format, in memory.
Applications send data to be converted to the driver through a
&func-write; call, and receive the converted data through a
&func-read; call. For efficiency a driver may also support streaming
I/O.</para>
<para>[to do]</para>
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<title>Effect Devices Interface</title>
<note>
<title>Suspended</title>
<para>This interface has been be suspended from the V4L2 API
implemented in Linux 2.6 until we have more experience with effect
device interfaces.</para>
</note>
<para>A V4L2 video effect device can do image effects, filtering, or
combine two or more images or image streams. For example video
transitions or wipes. Applications send data to be processed and
receive the result data either with &func-read; and &func-write;
functions, or through the streaming I/O mechanism.</para>
<para>[to do]</para>
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<title>Video Output Overlay Interface</title>
<subtitle>Also known as On-Screen Display (OSD)</subtitle>
<note>
<title>Experimental</title>
<para>This is an <link linkend="experimental">experimental</link>
interface and may change in the future.</para>
</note>
<para>Some video output devices can overlay a framebuffer image onto
the outgoing video signal. Applications can set up such an overlay
using this interface, which borrows structures and ioctls of the <link
linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> interface.</para>
<para>The OSD function is accessible through the same character
special file as the <link linkend="capture">Video Output</link> function.
Note the default function of such a <filename>/dev/video</filename> device
is video capturing or output. The OSD function is only available after
calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the <wordasword>Video Output
Overlay</wordasword> interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Framebuffer</title>
<para>Contrary to the <wordasword>Video Overlay</wordasword>
interface the framebuffer is normally implemented on the TV card and
not the graphics card. On Linux it is accessible as a framebuffer
device (<filename>/dev/fbN</filename>). Given a V4L2 device,
applications can find the corresponding framebuffer device by calling
the &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; ioctl. It returns, amongst other information, the
physical address of the framebuffer in the
<structfield>base</structfield> field of &v4l2-framebuffer;. The
framebuffer device ioctl <constant>FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO</constant>
returns the same address in the <structfield>smem_start</structfield>
field of struct <structname>fb_fix_screeninfo</structname>. The
<constant>FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO</constant> ioctl and struct
<structname>fb_fix_screeninfo</structname> are defined in the
<filename>linux/fb.h</filename> header file.</para>
<para>The width and height of the framebuffer depends on the
current video standard. A V4L2 driver may reject attempts to change
the video standard (or any other ioctl which would imply a framebuffer
size change) with an &EBUSY; until all applications closed the
framebuffer device.</para>
<example>
<title>Finding a framebuffer device for OSD</title>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;linux/fb.h&gt;
&v4l2-framebuffer; fbuf;
unsigned int i;
int fb_fd;
if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_G_FBUF, &amp;fbuf)) {
perror ("VIDIOC_G_FBUF");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (i = 0; i &gt; 30; ++i) {
char dev_name[16];
struct fb_fix_screeninfo si;
snprintf (dev_name, sizeof (dev_name), "/dev/fb%u", i);
fb_fd = open (dev_name, O_RDWR);
if (-1 == fb_fd) {
switch (errno) {
case ENOENT: /* no such file */
case ENXIO: /* no driver */
continue;
default:
perror ("open");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
if (0 == ioctl (fb_fd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &amp;si)) {
if (si.smem_start == (unsigned long) fbuf.base)
break;
} else {
/* Apparently not a framebuffer device. */
}
close (fb_fd);
fb_fd = -1;
}
/* fb_fd is the file descriptor of the framebuffer device
for the video output overlay, or -1 if no device was found. */
</programlisting>
</example>
</section>
<section>
<title>Overlay Window and Scaling</title>
<para>The overlay is controlled by source and target rectangles.
The source rectangle selects a subsection of the framebuffer image to
be overlaid, the target rectangle an area in the outgoing video signal
where the image will appear. Drivers may or may not support scaling,
and arbitrary sizes and positions of these rectangles. Further drivers
may support any (or none) of the clipping/blending methods defined for
the <link linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> interface.</para>
<para>A &v4l2-window; defines the size of the source rectangle,
its position in the framebuffer and the clipping/blending method to be
used for the overlay. To get the current parameters applications set
the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl. The driver fills the
<structname>v4l2_window</structname> substructure named
<structfield>win</structfield>. It is not possible to retrieve a
previously programmed clipping list or bitmap.</para>
<para>To program the source rectangle applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant>, initialize
the <structfield>win</structfield> substructure and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. The driver adjusts the parameters against
hardware limits and returns the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does. Like
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>, the &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be
used to learn about driver capabilities without actually changing
driver state. Unlike <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> this also works
after the overlay has been enabled.</para>
<para>A &v4l2-crop; defines the size and position of the target
rectangle. The scaling factor of the overlay is implied by the width
and height given in &v4l2-window; and &v4l2-crop;. The cropping API
applies to <wordasword>Video Output</wordasword> and <wordasword>Video
Output Overlay</wordasword> devices in the same way as to
<wordasword>Video Capture</wordasword> and <wordasword>Video
Overlay</wordasword> devices, merely reversing the direction of the
data flow. For more information see <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Enabling Overlay</title>
<para>There is no V4L2 ioctl to enable or disable the overlay,
however the framebuffer interface of the driver may support the
<constant>FBIOBLANK</constant> ioctl.</para>
</section>
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