• J
    ./Makefile: tell gcc optimizer to never introduce new data races · 69102311
    Jiri Kosina 提交于
    We have been chasing a memory corruption bug, which turned out to be
    caused by very old gcc (4.3.4), which happily turned conditional load
    into a non-conditional one, and that broke correctness (the condition
    was met only if lock was held) and corrupted memory.
    
    This particular problem with that particular code did not happen when
    never gccs were used.  I've brought this up with our gcc folks, as I
    wanted to make sure that this can't really happen again, and it turns
    out it actually can.
    
    Quoting Martin Jambor <mjambor@suse.cz>:
     "More current GCCs are more careful when it comes to replacing a
      conditional load with a non-conditional one, most notably they check
      that a store happens in each iteration of _a_ loop but they assume
      loops are executed.  They also perform a simple check whether the
      store cannot trap which currently passes only for non-const
      variables.  A simple testcase demonstrating it on an x86_64 is for
      example the following:
    
      $ cat cond_store.c
    
      int g_1 = 1;
    
      int g_2[1024] __attribute__((section ("safe_section"), aligned (4096)));
    
      int c = 4;
    
      int __attribute__ ((noinline))
      foo (void)
      {
        int l;
        for (l = 0; (l != 4); l++) {
          if (g_1)
            return l;
          for (g_2[0] = 0; (g_2[0] >= 26); ++g_2[0])
            ;
        }
        return 2;
      }
    
      int main (int argc, char* argv[])
      {
        if (mprotect (g_2, sizeof(g_2), PROT_READ) == -1)
          {
            int e = errno;
            error (e, e, "mprotect error %i", e);
          }
        foo ();
        __builtin_printf("OK\n");
        return 0;
      }
      /* EOF */
      $ ~/gcc/trunk/inst/bin/gcc cond_store.c -O2 --param allow-store-data-races=0
      $ ./a.out
      OK
      $ ~/gcc/trunk/inst/bin/gcc cond_store.c -O2 --param allow-store-data-races=1
      $ ./a.out
      Segmentation fault
    
      The testcase fails the same at least with 4.9, 4.8 and 4.7.  Therefore
      I would suggest building kernels with this parameter set to zero. I
      also agree with Jikos that the default should be changed for -O2.  I
      have run most of the SPEC 2k6 CPU benchmarks (gamess and dealII
      failed, at -O2, not sure why) compiled with and without this option
      and did not see any real difference between respective run-times"
    
    Hopefully the default will be changed in newer gccs, but let's force it
    for kernel builds so that we are on a safe side even when older gcc are
    used.
    
    The code in question was out-of-tree printk-in-NMI (yeah, surprise
    suprise, once again) patch written by Petr Mladek, let me quote his
    comment from our internal bugzilla:
    
     "I have spent few days investigating inconsistent state of kernel ring buffer.
      It went out that it was caused by speculative store generated by
      gcc-4.3.4.
    
      The problem is in assembly generated for make_free_space(). The functions is
      called the following way:
    
      + vprintk_emit();
          + log = MAIN_LOG; // with logbuf_lock
             or
             log = NMI_LOG; // with nmi_logbuf_lock
             cont_add(log, ...);
              + cont_flush(log, ...);
                  + log_store(log, ...);
                        + log_make_free_space(log, ...);
    
      If called with log = NMI_LOG then only nmi_log_* global variables are safe to
      modify but the generated code does store also into (main_)log_* global
      variables:
    
      <log_make_free_space>:
             55                      push   %rbp
             89 f6                   mov    %esi,%esi
    
             48 8b 05 03 99 51 01    mov    0x1519903(%rip),%rax       # ffffffff82620868 <nmi_log_next_id>
             44 8b 1d ec 98 51 01    mov    0x15198ec(%rip),%r11d      # ffffffff82620858 <log_next_idx>
             8b 35 36 60 14 01       mov    0x1146036(%rip),%esi       # ffffffff8224cfa8 <log_buf_len>
             44 8b 35 33 60 14 01    mov    0x1146033(%rip),%r14d      # ffffffff8224cfac <nmi_log_buf_len>
             4c 8b 2d d0 98 51 01    mov    0x15198d0(%rip),%r13       # ffffffff82620850 <log_next_seq>
             4c 8b 25 11 61 14 01    mov    0x1146111(%rip),%r12       # ffffffff8224d098 <log_buf>
             49 89 c2                mov    %rax,%r10
             48 21 c2                and    %rax,%rdx
             48 8b 1d 0c 99 55 01    mov    0x155990c(%rip),%rbx       # ffffffff826608a0 <nmi_log_buf>
             49 c1 ea 20             shr    $0x20,%r10
             48 89 55 d0             mov    %rdx,-0x30(%rbp)
             44 29 de                sub    %r11d,%esi
             45 29 d6                sub    %r10d,%r14d
             4c 8b 0d 97 98 51 01    mov    0x1519897(%rip),%r9	# ffffffff82620840 <log_first_seq>
             eb 7e                   jmp    ffffffff81107029	<log_make_free_space+0xe9>
      [...]
             85 ff                   test   %edi,%edi                  # edi = 1 for NMI_LOG
             4c 89 e8                mov    %r13,%rax
             4c 89 ca                mov    %r9,%rdx
             74 0a                   je     ffffffff8110703d	<log_make_free_space+0xfd>
             8b 15 27 98 51 01       mov    0x1519827(%rip),%edx       # ffffffff82620860 <nmi_log_first_id>
             48 8b 45 d0             mov    -0x30(%rbp),%rax
             48 39 c2                cmp    %rax,%rdx                  # end of loop
             0f 84 da 00 00 00       je     ffffffff81107120 <log_make_free_space+0x1e0>
      [...]
             85 ff                   test   %edi,%edi                  # edi = 1 for NMI_LOG
             4c 89 0d 17 97 51 01    mov    %r9,0x1519717(%rip)        # ffffffff82620840 <log_first_seq>
                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                                     KABOOOM
             74 35                   je     ffffffff81107160		 <log_make_free_space+0x220>
    
      It stores log_first_seq when edi == NMI_LOG. This instructions are used also
      when edi == MAIN_LOG but the store is done speculatively before the condition
      is decided.  It is unsafe because we do not have "logbuf_lock" in NMI context
      and some other process migh modify "log_first_seq" in parallel"
    
    I believe that the best course of action is both
    
     - building kernel (and anything multi-threaded, I guess) with that
       optimization turned off
     - persuade gcc folks to change the default for future releases
    Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
    Cc: Martin Jambor <mjambor@suse.cz>
    Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
    Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
    Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
    Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
    Cc: Marek Polacek <polacek@redhat.com>
    Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
    Cc: Steven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
    Cc: Richard Biener <richard.guenther@gmail.com>
    Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
    Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
    Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
    69102311
Makefile 52.1 KB