fault.c

/*
 *  arch/s390/mm/fault.c
 *
 *  S390 version
 *    Copyright (C) 1999 IBM Deutschland Entwicklung GmbH, IBM Corporation
 *    Author(s): Hartmut Penner (hp@de.ibm.com)
 *               Ulrich Weigand (uweigand@de.ibm.com)
 *
 *  Derived from "arch/i386/mm/fault.c"
 *    Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
 */

#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/console.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/s390_ext.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include <asm/compat.h>
#include "../kernel/entry.h"

#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
#define __FAIL_ADDR_MASK 0x7ffff000
#define __SUBCODE_MASK 0x0200
#define __PF_RES_FIELD 0ULL
#else /* CONFIG_64BIT */
#define __FAIL_ADDR_MASK -4096L
#define __SUBCODE_MASK 0x0600
#define __PF_RES_FIELD 0x8000000000000000ULL
#endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */

#define VM_FAULT_BADCONTEXT	0x010000
#define VM_FAULT_BADMAP		0x020000
#define VM_FAULT_BADACCESS	0x040000

static unsigned long store_indication;

void fault_init(void)
{
	unsigned long long facility_list[2];

	if (stfle(facility_list, 2) < 2)
		return;
	if ((facility_list[0] & (1ULL << 61)) &&
	    (facility_list[1] & (1ULL << 52)))
		store_indication = 0xc00;
}

static inline int notify_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	int ret = 0;

	/* kprobe_running() needs smp_processor_id() */
	if (kprobes_built_in() && !user_mode(regs)) {
		preempt_disable();
		if (kprobe_running() && kprobe_fault_handler(regs, 14))
			ret = 1;
		preempt_enable();
	}
	return ret;
}


/*
 * Unlock any spinlocks which will prevent us from getting the
 * message out.
 */
void bust_spinlocks(int yes)
{
	if (yes) {
		oops_in_progress = 1;
	} else {
		int loglevel_save = console_loglevel;
		console_unblank();
		oops_in_progress = 0;
		/*
		 * OK, the message is on the console.  Now we call printk()
		 * without oops_in_progress set so that printk will give klogd
		 * a poke.  Hold onto your hats...
		 */
		console_loglevel = 15;
		printk(" ");
		console_loglevel = loglevel_save;
	}
}

/*
 * Returns the address space associated with the fault.
 * Returns 0 for kernel space and 1 for user space.
 */
static inline int user_space_fault(unsigned long trans_exc_code)
{
	/*
	 * The lowest two bits of the translation exception
	 * identification indicate which paging table was used.
	 */
	trans_exc_code &= 3;
	if (trans_exc_code == 2)
		/* Access via secondary space, set_fs setting decides */
		return current->thread.mm_segment.ar4;
	if (user_mode == HOME_SPACE_MODE)
		/* User space if the access has been done via home space. */
		return trans_exc_code == 3;
	/*
	 * If the user space is not the home space the kernel runs in home
	 * space. Access via secondary space has already been covered,
	 * access via primary space or access register is from user space
	 * and access via home space is from the kernel.
	 */
	return trans_exc_code != 3;
}

static inline void report_user_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code,
				     int signr, unsigned long address)
{
	if ((task_pid_nr(current) > 1) && !show_unhandled_signals)
		return;
	if (!unhandled_signal(current, signr))
		return;
	if (!printk_ratelimit())
		return;
	printk("User process fault: interruption code 0x%lX ", int_code);
	print_vma_addr(KERN_CONT "in ", regs->psw.addr & PSW_ADDR_INSN);
	printk("\n");
	printk("failing address: %lX\n", address);
	show_regs(regs);
}

/*
 * Send SIGSEGV to task.  This is an external routine
 * to keep the stack usage of do_page_fault small.
 */
static noinline void do_sigsegv(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code,
				int si_code, unsigned long trans_exc_code)
{
	struct siginfo si;
	unsigned long address;

	address = trans_exc_code & __FAIL_ADDR_MASK;
	current->thread.prot_addr = address;
	current->thread.trap_no = int_code;
	report_user_fault(regs, int_code, SIGSEGV, address);
	si.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
	si.si_code = si_code;
	si.si_addr = (void __user *) address;
	force_sig_info(SIGSEGV, &si, current);
}

static noinline void do_no_context(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code,
				   unsigned long trans_exc_code)
{
	const struct exception_table_entry *fixup;
	unsigned long address;

	/* Are we prepared to handle this kernel fault?  */
	fixup = search_exception_tables(regs->psw.addr & PSW_ADDR_INSN);
	if (fixup) {
		regs->psw.addr = fixup->fixup | PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Oops. The kernel tried to access some bad page. We'll have to
	 * terminate things with extreme prejudice.
	 */
	address = trans_exc_code & __FAIL_ADDR_MASK;
	if (!user_space_fault(trans_exc_code))
		printk(KERN_ALERT "Unable to handle kernel pointer dereference"
		       " at virtual kernel address %p\n", (void *)address);
	else
		printk(KERN_ALERT "Unable to handle kernel paging request"
		       " at virtual user address %p\n", (void *)address);

	die("Oops", regs, int_code);
	do_exit(SIGKILL);
}

static noinline void do_low_address(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code,
				    unsigned long trans_exc_code)
{
	/* Low-address protection hit in kernel mode means
	   NULL pointer write access in kernel mode.  */
	if (regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_PSTATE) {
		/* Low-address protection hit in user mode 'cannot happen'. */
		die ("Low-address protection", regs, int_code);
		do_exit(SIGKILL);
	}

	do_no_context(regs, int_code, trans_exc_code);
}

static noinline void do_sigbus(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code,
			       unsigned long trans_exc_code)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;

	/*
	 * Send a sigbus, regardless of whether we were in kernel
	 * or user mode.
	 */
	tsk->thread.prot_addr = trans_exc_code & __FAIL_ADDR_MASK;
	tsk->thread.trap_no = int_code;
	force_sig(SIGBUS, tsk);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT
static noinline int signal_return(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code,
				  unsigned long trans_exc_code)
{
	u16 instruction;
	int rc;

	rc = __get_user(instruction, (u16 __user *) regs->psw.addr);

	if (!rc && instruction == 0x0a77) {
		clear_tsk_thread_flag(current, TIF_SINGLE_STEP);
		if (is_compat_task())
			sys32_sigreturn();
		else
			sys_sigreturn();
	} else if (!rc && instruction == 0x0aad) {
		clear_tsk_thread_flag(current, TIF_SINGLE_STEP);
		if (is_compat_task())
			sys32_rt_sigreturn();
		else
			sys_rt_sigreturn();
	} else
		do_sigsegv(regs, int_code, SEGV_MAPERR, trans_exc_code);
	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT */

static noinline void do_fault_error(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code,
				    unsigned long trans_exc_code, int fault)
{
	int si_code;

	switch (fault) {
	case VM_FAULT_BADACCESS:
#ifdef CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT
		if ((regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_ASC) == PSW_ASC_SECONDARY &&
		    (trans_exc_code & 3) == 0) {
			signal_return(regs, int_code, trans_exc_code);
			break;
		}
#endif /* CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT */
	case VM_FAULT_BADMAP:
		/* Bad memory access. Check if it is kernel or user space. */
		if (regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_PSTATE) {
			/* User mode accesses just cause a SIGSEGV */
			si_code = (fault == VM_FAULT_BADMAP) ?
				SEGV_MAPERR : SEGV_ACCERR;
			do_sigsegv(regs, int_code, si_code, trans_exc_code);
			return;
		}
	case VM_FAULT_BADCONTEXT:
		do_no_context(regs, int_code, trans_exc_code);
		break;
	default: /* fault & VM_FAULT_ERROR */
		if (fault & VM_FAULT_OOM)
			pagefault_out_of_memory();
		else if (fault & VM_FAULT_SIGBUS) {
			do_sigbus(regs, int_code, trans_exc_code);
			/* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die */
			if (!(regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_PSTATE))
				do_no_context(regs, int_code, trans_exc_code);
		} else
			BUG();
		break;
	}
}

/*
 * This routine handles page faults.  It determines the address,
 * and the problem, and then passes it off to one of the appropriate
 * routines.
 *
 * interruption code (int_code):
 *   04       Protection           ->  Write-Protection  (suprression)
 *   10       Segment translation  ->  Not present       (nullification)
 *   11       Page translation     ->  Not present       (nullification)
 *   3b       Region third trans.  ->  Not present       (nullification)
 */
static inline int do_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, int access,
			       unsigned long trans_exc_code)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	struct mm_struct *mm;
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	unsigned long address;
	int fault, write;

	if (notify_page_fault(regs))
		return 0;

	tsk = current;
	mm = tsk->mm;

	/*
	 * Verify that the fault happened in user space, that
	 * we are not in an interrupt and that there is a 
	 * user context.
	 */
	fault = VM_FAULT_BADCONTEXT;
	if (unlikely(!user_space_fault(trans_exc_code) || in_atomic() || !mm))
		goto out;

	address = trans_exc_code & __FAIL_ADDR_MASK;
	/*
	 * When we get here, the fault happened in the current
	 * task's user address space, so we can switch on the
	 * interrupts again and then search the VMAs
	 */
	local_irq_enable();
	perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS, 1, 0, regs, address);
	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

	fault = VM_FAULT_BADMAP;
	vma = find_vma(mm, address);
	if (!vma)
		goto out_up;

	if (unlikely(vma->vm_start > address)) {
		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
			goto out_up;
		if (expand_stack(vma, address))
			goto out_up;
	}

	/*
	 * Ok, we have a good vm_area for this memory access, so
	 * we can handle it..
	 */
	fault = VM_FAULT_BADACCESS;
	if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & access)))
		goto out_up;

	if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
		address &= HPAGE_MASK;
	/*
	 * If for any reason at all we couldn't handle the fault,
	 * make sure we exit gracefully rather than endlessly redo
	 * the fault.
	 */
	write = (access == VM_WRITE ||
		 (trans_exc_code & store_indication) == 0x400) ?
		FAULT_FLAG_WRITE : 0;
	fault = handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, address, write);
	if (unlikely(fault & VM_FAULT_ERROR))
		goto out_up;

	if (fault & VM_FAULT_MAJOR) {
		tsk->maj_flt++;
		perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ, 1, 0,
				     regs, address);
	} else {
		tsk->min_flt++;
		perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN, 1, 0,
				     regs, address);
	}
	/*
	 * The instruction that caused the program check will
	 * be repeated. Don't signal single step via SIGTRAP.
	 */
	clear_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_SINGLE_STEP);
	fault = 0;
out_up:
	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
out:
	return fault;
}

void __kprobes do_protection_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code)
{
	unsigned long trans_exc_code = S390_lowcore.trans_exc_code;
	int fault;

	/* Protection exception is supressing, decrement psw address. */
	regs->psw.addr -= (int_code >> 16);
	/*
	 * Check for low-address protection.  This needs to be treated
	 * as a special case because the translation exception code
	 * field is not guaranteed to contain valid data in this case.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!(trans_exc_code & 4))) {
		do_low_address(regs, int_code, trans_exc_code);
		return;
	}
	fault = do_exception(regs, VM_WRITE, trans_exc_code);
	if (unlikely(fault))
		do_fault_error(regs, 4, trans_exc_code, fault);
}

void __kprobes do_dat_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code)
{
	unsigned long trans_exc_code = S390_lowcore.trans_exc_code;
	int access, fault;

	access = VM_READ | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE;
#ifdef CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT
	if ((regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_ASC) == PSW_ASC_SECONDARY &&
	    (trans_exc_code & 3) == 0)
		access = VM_EXEC;
#endif
	fault = do_exception(regs, access, trans_exc_code);
	if (unlikely(fault))
		do_fault_error(regs, int_code & 255, trans_exc_code, fault);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
void __kprobes do_asce_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, long int_code)
{
	unsigned long trans_exc_code = S390_lowcore.trans_exc_code;
	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;

	if (unlikely(!user_space_fault(trans_exc_code) || in_atomic() || !mm))
		goto no_context;

	local_irq_enable();

	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
	vma = find_vma(mm, trans_exc_code & __FAIL_ADDR_MASK);
	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

	if (vma) {
		update_mm(mm, current);
		return;
	}

	/* User mode accesses just cause a SIGSEGV */
	if (regs->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_PSTATE) {
		do_sigsegv(regs, int_code, SEGV_MAPERR, trans_exc_code);
		return;
	}

no_context:
	do_no_context(regs, int_code, trans_exc_code);
}
#endif

int __handle_fault(unsigned long uaddr, unsigned long int_code, int write_user)
{
	struct pt_regs regs;
	int access, fault;

	regs.psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits;
	if (!irqs_disabled())
		regs.psw.mask |= PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT;
	regs.psw.addr = (unsigned long) __builtin_return_address(0);
	regs.psw.addr |= PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
	uaddr &= PAGE_MASK;
	access = write_user ? VM_WRITE : VM_READ;
	fault = do_exception(&regs, access, uaddr | 2);
	if (unlikely(fault)) {
		if (fault & VM_FAULT_OOM) {
			pagefault_out_of_memory();
			fault = 0;
		} else if (fault & VM_FAULT_SIGBUS)
			do_sigbus(&regs, int_code, uaddr);
	}
	return fault ? -EFAULT : 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PFAULT 
/*
 * 'pfault' pseudo page faults routines.
 */
static ext_int_info_t ext_int_pfault;
static int pfault_disable = 0;

static int __init nopfault(char *str)
{
	pfault_disable = 1;
	return 1;
}

__setup("nopfault", nopfault);

typedef struct {
	__u16 refdiagc;
	__u16 reffcode;
	__u16 refdwlen;
	__u16 refversn;
	__u64 refgaddr;
	__u64 refselmk;
	__u64 refcmpmk;
	__u64 reserved;
} __attribute__ ((packed, aligned(8))) pfault_refbk_t;

int pfault_init(void)
{
	pfault_refbk_t refbk =
		{ 0x258, 0, 5, 2, __LC_CURRENT, 1ULL << 48, 1ULL << 48,
		  __PF_RES_FIELD };
        int rc;

	if (!MACHINE_IS_VM || pfault_disable)
		return -1;
	asm volatile(
		"	diag	%1,%0,0x258\n"
		"0:	j	2f\n"
		"1:	la	%0,8\n"
		"2:\n"
		EX_TABLE(0b,1b)
		: "=d" (rc) : "a" (&refbk), "m" (refbk) : "cc");
        __ctl_set_bit(0, 9);
        return rc;
}

void pfault_fini(void)
{
	pfault_refbk_t refbk =
	{ 0x258, 1, 5, 2, 0ULL, 0ULL, 0ULL, 0ULL };

	if (!MACHINE_IS_VM || pfault_disable)
		return;
	__ctl_clear_bit(0,9);
	asm volatile(
		"	diag	%0,0,0x258\n"
		"0:\n"
		EX_TABLE(0b,0b)
		: : "a" (&refbk), "m" (refbk) : "cc");
}

static void pfault_interrupt(__u16 int_code)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	__u16 subcode;

	/*
	 * Get the external interruption subcode & pfault
	 * initial/completion signal bit. VM stores this 
	 * in the 'cpu address' field associated with the
         * external interrupt. 
	 */
	subcode = S390_lowcore.cpu_addr;
	if ((subcode & 0xff00) != __SUBCODE_MASK)
		return;

	/*
	 * Get the token (= address of the task structure of the affected task).
	 */
	tsk = *(struct task_struct **) __LC_PFAULT_INTPARM;

	if (subcode & 0x0080) {
		/* signal bit is set -> a page has been swapped in by VM */
		if (xchg(&tsk->thread.pfault_wait, -1) != 0) {
			/* Initial interrupt was faster than the completion
			 * interrupt. pfault_wait is valid. Set pfault_wait
			 * back to zero and wake up the process. This can
			 * safely be done because the task is still sleeping
			 * and can't produce new pfaults. */
			tsk->thread.pfault_wait = 0;
			wake_up_process(tsk);
			put_task_struct(tsk);
		}
	} else {
		/* signal bit not set -> a real page is missing. */
		get_task_struct(tsk);
		set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
		if (xchg(&tsk->thread.pfault_wait, 1) != 0) {
			/* Completion interrupt was faster than the initial
			 * interrupt (swapped in a -1 for pfault_wait). Set
			 * pfault_wait back to zero and exit. This can be
			 * done safely because tsk is running in kernel 
			 * mode and can't produce new pfaults. */
			tsk->thread.pfault_wait = 0;
			set_task_state(tsk, TASK_RUNNING);
			put_task_struct(tsk);
		} else
			set_tsk_need_resched(tsk);
	}
}

void __init pfault_irq_init(void)
{
	if (!MACHINE_IS_VM)
		return;

	/*
	 * Try to get pfault pseudo page faults going.
	 */
	if (register_early_external_interrupt(0x2603, pfault_interrupt,
					      &ext_int_pfault) != 0)
		panic("Couldn't request external interrupt 0x2603");

	if (pfault_init() == 0)
		return;

	/* Tough luck, no pfault. */
	pfault_disable = 1;
	unregister_early_external_interrupt(0x2603, pfault_interrupt,
					    &ext_int_pfault);
}
#endif