Performance results for fp-bench:

Host: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700K CPU @ 4.00GHz
- before:
sqrt-single: 42.30 MFlops
sqrt-double: 22.97 MFlops
- after:
sqrt-single: 311.42 MFlops
sqrt-double: 311.08 MFlops

Here USE_FP makes a huge difference for f64's, with throughput
going from ~200 MFlops to ~300 MFlops.
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>

Performance results for fp-bench:

1. Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700K CPU @ 4.00GHz
- before:
fma-single: 74.73 MFlops
fma-double: 74.54 MFlops
- after:
fma-single: 203.37 MFlops
fma-double: 169.37 MFlops

2. ARM Aarch64 A57 @ 2.4GHz
- before:
fma-single: 23.24 MFlops
fma-double: 23.70 MFlops
- after:
fma-single: 66.14 MFlops
fma-double: 63.10 MFlops

3. IBM POWER8E @ 2.1 GHz
- before:
fma-single: 37.26 MFlops
fma-double: 37.29 MFlops
- after:
fma-single: 48.90 MFlops
fma-double: 59.51 MFlops

Here having 3FP64 set to 1 pays off for x86_64:
[1] 170.15 vs [0] 153.12 MFlops
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>

Performance results for fp-bench:

1. Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700K CPU @ 4.00GHz
- before:
div-single: 34.84 MFlops
div-double: 34.04 MFlops
- after:
div-single: 275.23 MFlops
div-double: 216.38 MFlops

2. ARM Aarch64 A57 @ 2.4GHz
- before:
div-single: 9.33 MFlops
div-double: 9.30 MFlops
- after:
div-single: 51.55 MFlops
div-double: 15.09 MFlops

3. IBM POWER8E @ 2.1 GHz
- before:
div-single: 25.65 MFlops
div-double: 24.91 MFlops
- after:
div-single: 96.83 MFlops
div-double: 31.01 MFlops

Here setting 2FP64_USE_FP to 1 pays off for x86_64:
[1] 215.97 vs [0] 62.15 MFlops
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>

Performance results for fp-bench:

1. Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700K CPU @ 4.00GHz
- before:
mul-single: 126.91 MFlops
mul-double: 118.28 MFlops
- after:
mul-single: 258.02 MFlops
mul-double: 197.96 MFlops

2. ARM Aarch64 A57 @ 2.4GHz
- before:
mul-single: 37.42 MFlops
mul-double: 38.77 MFlops
- after:
mul-single: 73.41 MFlops
mul-double: 76.93 MFlops

3. IBM POWER8E @ 2.1 GHz
- before:
mul-single: 58.40 MFlops
mul-double: 59.33 MFlops
- after:
mul-single: 60.25 MFlops
mul-double: 94.79 MFlops
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>

Performance results (single and double precision) for fp-bench:

1. Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700K CPU @ 4.00GHz
- before:
add-single: 135.07 MFlops
add-double: 131.60 MFlops
sub-single: 130.04 MFlops
sub-double: 133.01 MFlops
- after:
add-single: 443.04 MFlops
add-double: 301.95 MFlops
sub-single: 411.36 MFlops
sub-double: 293.15 MFlops

2. ARM Aarch64 A57 @ 2.4GHz
- before:
add-single: 44.79 MFlops
add-double: 49.20 MFlops
sub-single: 44.55 MFlops
sub-double: 49.06 MFlops
- after:
add-single: 93.28 MFlops
add-double: 88.27 MFlops
sub-single: 91.47 MFlops
sub-double: 88.27 MFlops

3. IBM POWER8E @ 2.1 GHz
- before:
add-single: 72.59 MFlops
add-double: 72.27 MFlops
sub-single: 75.33 MFlops
sub-double: 70.54 MFlops
- after:
add-single: 112.95 MFlops
add-double: 201.11 MFlops
sub-single: 116.80 MFlops
sub-double: 188.72 MFlops

Note that the IBM and ARM machines benefit from having
HARDFLOAT_2F{32,64}_USE_FP set to 0. Otherwise their performance
can suffer significantly:
- IBM Power8:
add-single: [1] 54.94 vs [0] 116.37 MFlops
add-double: [1] 58.92 vs [0] 201.44 MFlops
- Aarch64 A57:
add-single: [1] 80.72 vs [0] 93.24 MFlops
add-double: [1] 82.10 vs [0] 88.18 MFlops

On the Intel machine, having 2F64 set to 1 pays off, but it
doesn't for 2F32:
- Intel i7-6700K:
add-single: [1] 285.79 vs [0] 426.70 MFlops
add-double: [1] 302.15 vs [0] 278.82 MFlops
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>

The appended paves the way for leveraging the host FPU for a subset
of guest FP operations. For most guest workloads (e.g. FP flags
aren't ever cleared, inexact occurs often and rounding is set to the
default [to nearest]) this will yield sizable performance speedups.

The approach followed here avoids checking the FP exception flags register.
See the added comment for details.

This assumes that QEMU is running on an IEEE754-compliant FPU and
that the rounding is set to the default (to nearest). The
implementation-dependent specifics of the FPU should not matter; things
like tininess detection and snan representation are still dealt with in
soft-fp. However, this approach will break on most hosts if we compile
QEMU with flags that break IEEE compatibility. There is no way to detect
all of these flags at compilation time, but at least we check for
-ffast-math (which defines __FAST_MATH__) and disable hardfloat
(plus emit a #warning) when it is set.

This patch just adds common code. Some operations will be migrated
to hardfloat in subsequent patches to ease bisection.

Note: some architectures (at least PPC, there might be others) clear
the status flags passed to softfloat before most FP operations. This
precludes the use of hardfloat, so to avoid introducing a performance
regression for those targets, we add a flag to disable hardfloat.
In the long run though it would be good to fix the targets so that
at least the inexact flag passed to softfloat is indeed sticky.
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>

glibc >= 2.25 defines canonicalize in commit eaf5ad0
(Add canonicalize, canonicalizef, canonicalizel., 2016-10-26).

Given that we'll be including <math.h> soon, prepare
for this by prefixing our canonicalize() with sf_ to avoid
clashing with the libc's canonicalize().
Reported-by: NBastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Tested-by: NBastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>

Older versions of Clang (before 3.5) and GCC (before 4.1) do not
support the "__attribute__((flatten))" yet. We don't care about
such old versions of GCC anymore, but since Clang 3.4 is still
used in EPEL for RHEL7 / CentOS 7, we should not use this attribute
directly but with a wrapper macro instead.
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>

The __udiv_qrnnd primitive that we nicked from gmp requires its
inputs to be normalized.  We were not doing that.  Because the
inputs are nearly normalized already, finishing that is trivial.

Replace div128to64 with a "proper" udiv_qrnnd, so that this
remains a reusable primitive.

Fixes: cf07323d
Fixes: https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1793119Tested-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

Our minimum required compiler for compiling QEMU is GCC 4.1 these days,
so we can drop the support for compilers which do not provide the
__builtin_clz*() functions yet. Since the countLeadingZeros32/64 are
then identical to the clz32/64 functions, and we do not have to sync
the softloat 2 codebase with upstream anymore (softloat 3 is a complete
rewrite) we can simply replace the functions with our QEMU versions.
Suggested-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Acked-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1538118095-7003-1-git-send-email-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

It has not had users since f83311e4 ("target-m68k: use floatx80
internally", 2017-06-21).

Note that no other bit-width has floatX_trunc_to_int.
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180814002653.12828-3-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180814002653.12828-2-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

For 0x1.0000000000003p+0 + 0x1.ffffffep+14 = 0x1.0001fffp+15
we dropped the sticky bit and so failed to raise inexact.
Reported-by: NLaurent Desnogues <laurent.desnogues@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NLaurent Desnogues <laurent.desnogues@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NLaurent Desnogues <laurent.desnogues@gmail.com>
Message-id: 20180810193129.1556-7-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

Isolate the target-specific choice to 3 functions instead of 6.

The code in floatx80_default_nan tried to be over-general.  There are
only two targets that support this format: x86 and m68k.  Thus there
is no point in inventing a mechanism for snan_bit_is_one.

Move routines that no longer have ifdefs out of softfloat-specialize.h.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

Reduce the number of ifdefs.  Correct the result for OpenRISC
and TriCore (although TriCore fixed in target-specific code).
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

Isolate the target-specific choice to 2 functions instead of 6.

The code in float16_default_nan was only correct for ARM, MIPS, and X86.
Though float16 support is rare among our targets.

The code in float128_default_nan was arguably wrong for Sparc.  While
QEMU supports the Sparc 128-bit insns, no real cpu enables it.

The code in floatx80_default_nan tried to be over-general.  There are
only two targets that support this format: x86 and m68k.  Thus there
is no point in inventing a value for snan_bit_is_one.

Move routines that no longer have ifdefs out of softfloat-specialize.h.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

For each operand, pass a single enumeration instead of a pair of booleans.
The commit also merges multiple different ifdef-selected implementations
of pickNaNMulAdd into a single function whose body is ifdef-selected.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

For each operand, pass a single enumeration instead of a pair of booleans.
The commit also merges multiple different ifdef-selected implementations
of pickNaN into a single function whose body is ifdef-selected.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

We will need these helpers within softfloat-specialize.h, so move
the definitions above the include.  After specialization, they will
not always be used so mark them to avoid the Werror.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

Only MIPS requires snan_bit_is_one to be variable.  While we are
specializing softfloat behaviour, allow other targets to eliminate
this runtime check.

Cc: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Cc: Yongbok Kim <yongbok.kim@mips.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

These functions are now unused.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

We have already checked the arguments for SNaN;
we don't need to do it again.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

This allows us to delete a lot of additional boilerplate
code which is no longer needed.
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

For float16 ARM supports an alternative half-precision format which
sacrifices the ability to represent NaN/Inf in return for a higher
dynamic range.  The new FloatFmt flag, arm_althp, is then used to
modify the behaviour of canonicalize and round_canonical with respect
to representation and exception raising.

Usage of this new flag waits until we re-factor float-to-float conversions.
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

With a canonical representation of NaNs, we can silence an SNaN
immediately rather than delay until the final format is known.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

With a canonical representation of NaNs, we can return the
default nan directly rather than delay the expansion until
the final format is known.

Note one case where we uselessly assigned to a.sign, which was
overwritten/ignored later when expanding float_class_dnan.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

Shift the NaN fraction to a canonical position, much like we
do for the fraction of normal numbers.  This will facilitate
manipulation of NaNs within the shared code paths.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

We want to be able to specialize on the canonical representation.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

The new function assumes that the input is an SNaN and
does not double-check.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

Move the ifdef inside the relevant functions instead of
duplicating the function declarations.
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

The significand is passed to normalizeRoundAndPackFloat128() as high
first, low second. The current code passes the integer first, so the
result is incorrectly shifted left by 64 bits.

This bug affects the emulation of s390x instruction CXLGBR (convert
from logical 64-bit binary-integer operand to extended BFP result).

Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NPetr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Message-Id: <20180511071052.1443-1-ptesarik@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

In float-to-integer conversion, if the floating point input
converts exactly to the largest or smallest integer that
fits in to the result type, this is not an overflow.
In this situation we were producing the correct result value,
but were incorrectly setting the Invalid flag.
For example for Arm A64, "FCVTAS w0, d0" on an input of
0x41dfffffffc00000 should produce 0x7fffffff and set no flags.

Fix the boundary case to take the right half of the if()
statements.

This fixes a regression from 2.11 introduced by the softfloat
refactoring.

Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Fixes: ab52f973Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180510140141.12120-1-peter.maydell@linaro.org

Reported by Coverity (CID1390635). We ensure this for uint_to_float
later on so we might as well mirror that.
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

It is implementation defined whether a multiply-add of
(0,inf,qnan) or (inf,0,qnan) raises InvalidaOperation or
not, so we let the target-specific pickNaNMulAdd function
handle this. This means that we must do the "return the
default NaN in default NaN mode" check after the call,
not before. Correct the ordering, and restore the comment
from the old propagateFloat64MulAddNaN() that warned about
this corner case.

This fixes a regression from 2.11 for Arm guests where we would
incorrectly fail to set the Invalid flag for these cases.

Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180504100547.14621-1-peter.maydell@linaro.org

Without bounding the increment, we can overflow exp either here
in scalbn_decomposed or when adding the bias in round_canonical.
This can result in e.g. underflowing to 0 instead of overflowing
to infinity.

The old softfloat code did bound the increment.
Signed-off-by: NRichard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Tested-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

The re-factoring of div_floats changed the order of checking meaning
an operation like -inf/0 erroneously raises the divbyzero flag.
IEEE-754 (2008) specifies this should only occur for operations on
finite operands.

We fix this by moving the check on the dividend being Inf/0 to before
the divisor is zero check.
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180416135442.30606-1-alex.bennee@linaro.org
Cc: Bastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Reviewed-by: NBastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Tested-by: NBastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

The re-factor broke the raising of INVALID when NaN/Inf is passed to
the float_to_int conversion functions. round_to_uint_and_pack got this
right for NaN but also missed out the Inf handling.

Fixes https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1759264Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NBastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Tested-by: NBastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180413140334.26622-3-alex.bennee@linaro.org
Cc: Bastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

Before 89360067 ("fpu/softfloat: re-factor minmax", 2018-02-21),
we used to return +Zero for maxnummag(-Zero,+Zero); after that
commit, we return -Zero.

Fix it by making {min,max}nummag consistent with {min,max}num,
deferring to the latter when the absolute value of the operands
is the same.

With this fix we now pass fp-test.
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NEmilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180413140334.26622-2-alex.bennee@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>