linux-user: Define AT_RANDOM to support target stack protection mechanism.

The dynamic linker from the GNU C library v2.10+ uses the ELF
auxiliary vector AT_RANDOM [1] as a pointer to 16 bytes with random
values to initialize the stack protection mechanism.  Technically the
emulated GNU dynamic linker crashes due to a NULL pointer
derefencement if it is built with stack protection enabled and if
AT_RANDOM is not defined by the QEMU ELF loader.

[1] This ELF auxiliary vector was introduced in Linux v2.6.29.

This patch can be tested with the code above:

    #include <elf.h>       /* Elf*_auxv_t, AT_RANDOM, */
    #include <stdio.h>     /* printf(3), */
    #include <stdlib.h>    /* exit(3), EXIT_*, */
    #include <stdint.h>    /* uint8_t, */
    #include <string.h>    /* memcpy(3), */

    #if defined(__LP64__) || defined(__ILP64__) || defined(__LLP64__)
    #    define Elf_auxv_t Elf64_auxv_t
    #else
    #    define Elf_auxv_t Elf32_auxv_t
    #endif

    main(int argc, char* argv[], char* envp[])
    {
        Elf_auxv_t *auxv;

        /* *envp = NULL marks end of envp. */
        while (*envp++ != NULL);

        /* auxv->a_type = AT_NULL marks the end of auxv. */
        for (auxv = (Elf_auxv_t *)envp; auxv->a_type != AT_NULL; auxv++) {
            if (auxv->a_type == AT_RANDOM) {
                int i;
                uint8_t rand_bytes[16];

                printf("AT_RANDOM is: 0x%x\n", auxv->a_un.a_val);
                memcpy(rand_bytes, (const uint8_t *)auxv->a_un.a_val, sizeof(rand_bytes));
                printf("it points to: ");
                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                    printf("0x%02x ", rand_bytes[i]);
                }
                printf("\n");
                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
            }
        }
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

Changes introduced in v2 and v3:

    * Fix typos + thinko (AT_RANDOM is used for stack canary, not for
      ASLR)

    * AT_RANDOM points to 16 random bytes stored inside the user
      stack.

    * Add a small test program.
Signed-off-by: NCédric VINCENT <cedric.vincent@st.com>
Signed-off-by: NLaurent ALFONSI <laurent.alfonsi@st.com>
Signed-off-by: NRiku Voipio <riku.voipio@iki.fi>

linux-user/elfload.c

@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ struct exec
 #define TARGET_ELF_PAGESTART(_v) ((_v) & ~(unsigned long)(TARGET_ELF_EXEC_PAGESIZE-1))
 #define TARGET_ELF_PAGEOFFSET(_v) ((_v) & (TARGET_ELF_EXEC_PAGESIZE-1))
 
-#define DLINFO_ITEMS 12
+#define DLINFO_ITEMS 13
 
 static inline void memcpy_fromfs(void * to, const void * from, unsigned long n)
 {
@@ -1202,6 +1202,9 @@ static abi_ulong create_elf_tables(abi_ulong p, int argc, int envc,
 {
     abi_ulong sp;
     int size;
+    int i;
+    abi_ulong u_rand_bytes;
+    uint8_t k_rand_bytes[16];
     abi_ulong u_platform;
     const char *k_platform;
     const int n = sizeof(elf_addr_t);
@@ -1231,6 +1234,20 @@ static abi_ulong create_elf_tables(abi_ulong p, int argc, int envc,
         /* FIXME - check return value of memcpy_to_target() for failure */
         memcpy_to_target(sp, k_platform, len);
     }
+
+    /*
+     * Generate 16 random bytes for userspace PRNG seeding (not
+     * cryptically secure but it's not the aim of QEMU).
+     */
+    srand((unsigned int) time(NULL));
+    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        k_rand_bytes[i] = rand();
+    }
+    sp -= 16;
+    u_rand_bytes = sp;
+    /* FIXME - check return value of memcpy_to_target() for failure */
+    memcpy_to_target(sp, k_rand_bytes, 16);
+
     /*
      * Force 16 byte _final_ alignment here for generality.
      */
@@ -1271,6 +1288,8 @@ static abi_ulong create_elf_tables(abi_ulong p, int argc, int envc,
     NEW_AUX_ENT(AT_EGID, (abi_ulong) getegid());
     NEW_AUX_ENT(AT_HWCAP, (abi_ulong) ELF_HWCAP);
     NEW_AUX_ENT(AT_CLKTCK, (abi_ulong) sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK));
+    NEW_AUX_ENT(AT_RANDOM, (abi_ulong) u_rand_bytes);
+
     if (k_platform)
         NEW_AUX_ENT(AT_PLATFORM, u_platform);
 #ifdef ARCH_DLINFO