qemu: deprecate QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV

This makes qemuDomainSupportsNetdev identical to qemuDomainSupportsNicdev and leaves some code in qemuDomainAttachNetDevice to be cleaned up later. Signed-off-by: N Ján Tomko <jtomko@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: N Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>

qemu: deprecate QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV
This makes qemuDomainSupportsNetdev identical to qemuDomainSupportsNicdev and leaves some code in qemuDomainAttachNetDevice to be cleaned up later. Signed-off-by: N Ján Tomko <jtomko@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: N Andrea Bolognani <abologna@redhat.com>
ad8a7c4f · Ján Tomko · 6826c99a · ad8a7c4f · ad8a7c4f · ad8a7c4f
77 changed file
--- a/src/qemu/qemu_capabilities.c
+++ b/src/qemu/qemu_capabilities.c
@@ -3641,7 +3641,6 @@ virQEMUCapsInitQMPBasic(virQEMUCapsPtr qemuCaps)
    virQEMUCapsSet(qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_DRIVE_SERIAL);
    virQEMUCapsSet(qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_MONITOR_JSON);
    virQEMUCapsSet(qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_SDL);
-    virQEMUCapsSet(qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV);
    virQEMUCapsSet(qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_RTC);
    virQEMUCapsSet(qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_VHOST_NET);
    virQEMUCapsSet(qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NODEFCONFIG);

--- a/src/qemu/qemu_capabilities.h
+++ b/src/qemu/qemu_capabilities.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ typedef enum {
    X_QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE, /* Is the -device arg available */
    QEMU_CAPS_SDL, /* Is the new -sdl arg available */
    X_QEMU_CAPS_SMP_TOPOLOGY, /* -smp has sockets/cores/threads */
-    QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV, /* -netdev flag & netdev_add/remove */
+    X_QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV, /* -netdev flag & netdev_add/remove */
    /* 30 */
    QEMU_CAPS_RTC, /* The -rtc flag for clock options */

--- a/src/qemu/qemu_domain.c
+++ b/src/qemu/qemu_domain.c
@@ -9178,12 +9178,12 @@ qemuDomainSupportsNicdev(virDomainDefPtr def,
 bool
 qemuDomainSupportsNetdev(virDomainDefPtr def,
-                         virQEMUCapsPtr qemuCaps,
+                         virQEMUCapsPtr qemuCaps ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                         virDomainNetDefPtr net)
 {
    if (!qemuDomainSupportsNicdev(def, net))
        return false;
-    return virQEMUCapsGet(qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV);
+    return true;
 }
 bool

--- a/src/qemu/qemu_hotplug.c
+++ b/src/qemu/qemu_hotplug.c
@@ -1029,18 +1029,7 @@ qemuDomainAttachNetDevice(virQEMUDriverPtr driver,
    releaseaddr = true;
-    if (virQEMUCapsGet(priv->qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV)) {
+    vlan = -1;
-        vlan = -1;
-    } else {
-        vlan = qemuDomainNetVLAN(net);
-        if (vlan < 0) {
-            virReportError(VIR_ERR_CONFIG_UNSUPPORTED, "%s",
-                           _("Unable to attach network devices without vlan"));
-            goto cleanup;
-        }
-    }
    if (VIR_ALLOC_N(tapfdName, tapfdSize) < 0 ||
        VIR_ALLOC_N(vhostfdName, vhostfdSize) < 0)
        goto cleanup;
@@ -1055,19 +1044,11 @@ qemuDomainAttachNetDevice(virQEMUDriverPtr driver,
            goto cleanup;
    }
-    if (virQEMUCapsGet(priv->qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV)) {
+    if (!(netstr = qemuBuildHostNetStr(net, driver,
-        if (!(netstr = qemuBuildHostNetStr(net, driver,
+                                       ',', -1,
-                                           ',', -1,
+                                       tapfdName, tapfdSize,
-                                           tapfdName, tapfdSize,
+                                       vhostfdName, vhostfdSize)))
-                                           vhostfdName, vhostfdSize)))
+        goto cleanup;
-            goto cleanup;
-    } else {
-        if (!(netstr = qemuBuildHostNetStr(net, driver,
-                                           ' ', vlan,
-                                           tapfdName, tapfdSize,
-                                           vhostfdName, vhostfdSize)))
-            goto cleanup;
-    }
    qemuDomainObjEnterMonitor(driver, vm);
@@ -1080,25 +1061,14 @@ qemuDomainAttachNetDevice(virQEMUDriverPtr driver,
        charDevPlugged = true;
    }
-    if (virQEMUCapsGet(priv->qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV)) {
+    if (qemuMonitorAddNetdev(priv->mon, netstr,
-        if (qemuMonitorAddNetdev(priv->mon, netstr,
+                             tapfd, tapfdName, tapfdSize,
-                                 tapfd, tapfdName, tapfdSize,
+                             vhostfd, vhostfdName, vhostfdSize) < 0) {
-                                 vhostfd, vhostfdName, vhostfdSize) < 0) {
+        ignore_value(qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm));
-            ignore_value(qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm));
+        virDomainAuditNet(vm, NULL, net, "attach", false);
-            virDomainAuditNet(vm, NULL, net, "attach", false);
+        goto try_remove;
-            goto try_remove;
-        }
-        netdevPlugged = true;
-    } else {
-        if (qemuMonitorAddHostNetwork(priv->mon, netstr,
-                                      tapfd, tapfdName, tapfdSize,
-                                      vhostfd, vhostfdName, vhostfdSize) < 0) {
-            ignore_value(qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm));
-            virDomainAuditNet(vm, NULL, net, "attach", false);
-            goto try_remove;
-        }
-        hostPlugged = true;
    }
+    netdevPlugged = true;
    if (qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm) < 0)
        goto cleanup;
@@ -1129,15 +1099,10 @@ qemuDomainAttachNetDevice(virQEMUDriverPtr driver,
        } else {
            qemuDomainObjEnterMonitor(driver, vm);
-            if (virQEMUCapsGet(priv->qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV)) {
+            if (qemuMonitorSetLink(priv->mon, net->info.alias, VIR_DOMAIN_NET_INTERFACE_LINK_STATE_DOWN) < 0) {
-                if (qemuMonitorSetLink(priv->mon, net->info.alias, VIR_DOMAIN_NET_INTERFACE_LINK_STATE_DOWN) < 0) {
+                ignore_value(qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm));
-                    ignore_value(qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm));
+                virDomainAuditNet(vm, NULL, net, "attach", false);
-                    virDomainAuditNet(vm, NULL, net, "attach", false);
+                goto try_remove;
-                    goto try_remove;
-                }
-            } else {
-                virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_FAILED, "%s",
-                               _("setting of link state not supported: Link is up"));
            }
            if (qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm) < 0)
@@ -1205,22 +1170,18 @@ qemuDomainAttachNetDevice(virQEMUDriverPtr driver,
    virErrorPreserveLast(&originalError);
    if (vlan < 0) {
-        if (virQEMUCapsGet(priv->qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV)) {
+        char *netdev_name;
-            char *netdev_name;
+        if (virAsprintf(&netdev_name, "host%s", net->info.alias) >= 0) {
-            if (virAsprintf(&netdev_name, "host%s", net->info.alias) >= 0) {
+            qemuDomainObjEnterMonitor(driver, vm);
-                qemuDomainObjEnterMonitor(driver, vm);
+            if (charDevPlugged &&
-                if (charDevPlugged &&
+                qemuMonitorDetachCharDev(priv->mon, charDevAlias) < 0)
-                    qemuMonitorDetachCharDev(priv->mon, charDevAlias) < 0)
+                VIR_WARN("Failed to remove associated chardev %s", charDevAlias);
-                    VIR_WARN("Failed to remove associated chardev %s", charDevAlias);
+            if (netdevPlugged &&
-                if (netdevPlugged &&
+                qemuMonitorRemoveNetdev(priv->mon, netdev_name) < 0)
-                    qemuMonitorRemoveNetdev(priv->mon, netdev_name) < 0)
+                VIR_WARN("Failed to remove network backend for netdev %s",
-                    VIR_WARN("Failed to remove network backend for netdev %s",
+                         netdev_name);
-                             netdev_name);
+            ignore_value(qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm));
-                ignore_value(qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm));
+            VIR_FREE(netdev_name);
-                VIR_FREE(netdev_name);
-            }
-        } else {
-            VIR_WARN("Unable to remove network backend");
        }
    } else {
        char *hostnet_name;
@@ -4196,26 +4157,11 @@ qemuDomainRemoveNetDevice(virQEMUDriverPtr driver,
    qemuDomainObjEnterMonitor(driver, vm);
-    if (virQEMUCapsGet(priv->qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV)) {
+    if (qemuMonitorRemoveNetdev(priv->mon, hostnet_name) < 0) {
-        if (qemuMonitorRemoveNetdev(priv->mon, hostnet_name) < 0) {
+        if (qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm) < 0)
-            if (qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm) < 0)
-                goto cleanup;
-            virDomainAuditNet(vm, net, NULL, "detach", false);
-            goto cleanup;
-        }
-    } else {
-        int vlan;
-        if ((vlan = qemuDomainNetVLAN(net)) < 0 ||
-            qemuMonitorRemoveHostNetwork(priv->mon, vlan, hostnet_name) < 0) {
-            if (vlan < 0) {
-                virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_FAILED, "%s",
-                               _("unable to determine original VLAN"));
-            }
-            if (qemuDomainObjExitMonitor(driver, vm) < 0)
-                goto cleanup;
-            virDomainAuditNet(vm, net, NULL, "detach", false);
            goto cleanup;
-        }
+        virDomainAuditNet(vm, net, NULL, "detach", false);
+        goto cleanup;
    }
    if (actualType == VIR_DOMAIN_NET_TYPE_VHOSTUSER) {

--- a/src/qemu/qemu_process.c
+++ b/src/qemu/qemu_process.c
@@ -2382,12 +2382,6 @@ qemuProcessSetLinkStates(virQEMUDriverPtr driver,
            VIR_DEBUG("Setting link state: %s", def->nets[i]->info.alias);
-            if (!virQEMUCapsGet(priv->qemuCaps, QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV)) {
-                virReportError(VIR_ERR_OPERATION_UNSUPPORTED, "%s",
-                               _("Setting of link state is not supported by this qemu"));
-                goto cleanup;
-            }
            rv = qemuMonitorSetLink(priv->mon,
                                    def->nets[i]->info.alias,
                                    VIR_DOMAIN_NET_INTERFACE_LINK_STATE_DOWN);

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_1.5.3.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_1.5.3.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_1.6.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_1.6.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_1.7.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_1.7.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.1.1.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.1.1.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.10.0.aarch64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.10.0.aarch64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.10.0.ppc64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.10.0.ppc64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.10.0.s390x.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.10.0.s390x.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.10.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.10.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.11.0.s390x.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.11.0.s390x.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.12.0.aarch64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.12.0.aarch64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.12.0.ppc64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.12.0.ppc64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.12.0.s390x.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.12.0.s390x.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='enable-kvm'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.12.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.12.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.4.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.4.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.5.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.5.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.6.0.aarch64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.6.0.aarch64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.6.0.ppc64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.6.0.ppc64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.6.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.6.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.7.0.s390x.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.7.0.s390x.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.7.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.7.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.8.0.s390x.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.8.0.s390x.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.8.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.8.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.9.0.ppc64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.9.0.ppc64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.9.0.s390x.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.9.0.s390x.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='nodefconfig'/>

--- a/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.9.0.x86_64.xml
+++ b/tests/qemucapabilitiesdata/caps_2.9.0.x86_64.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  <flag name='drive-serial'/>
  <flag name='monitor-json'/>
  <flag name='sdl'/>
-  <flag name='netdev'/>
  <flag name='rtc'/>
  <flag name='vhost-net'/>
  <flag name='no-hpet'/>

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-aavmf-virtio-mmio.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-aavmf-virtio-mmio.args
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-aarch64test/monitor.sock,server,nowait \
 -device virtio-serial-device,id=virtio-serial0 \
 -drive file=/aarch64.raw,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 \
 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0 \
-device virtio-net-device,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-device,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
 -chardev pty,id=charconsole0 \
 -device virtconsole,chardev=charconsole0,id=console0 \
 -device virtio-balloon-device,id=balloon0 \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-kvm-32-on-64.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-kvm-32-on-64.args
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ server,nowait \
 -append 'console=ttyAMA0,115200n8 rw root=/dev/vda rootwait physmap.enabled=0' \
 -drive file=/arm.raw,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 \
 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0 \
-device virtio-net-device,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-device,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \
 -serial chardev:charserial0
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-video-virtio-gpu-pci.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-video-virtio-gpu-pci.args
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-aarch64-vgpu/monitor.sock,server,nowait \
 addr=0x1 \
 -device ioh3420,port=0x9,chassis=2,id=pci.2,bus=pcie.0,multifunction=on,\
 addr=0x1.0x1 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:73:34:53,bus=pci.1,addr=0x0,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-bootindex=1 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:73:34:53,bus=pci.1,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+addr=0x0,bootindex=1 \
 -device virtio-gpu-pci,id=video0,bus=pci.2,addr=0x0
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virt-2.6-virtio-pci-default.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virt-2.6-virtio-pci-default.args
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-aarch64test/monitor.sock,server,nowait \
 -drive file=/aarch64.raw,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 \
 -device virtio-blk-pci,bus=pci.2,addr=0x3,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,\
 id=virtio-disk0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37,bus=pci.2,addr=0x1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37,bus=pci.2,\
+addr=0x1 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \
 -serial chardev:charserial0 \
 -chardev pty,id=charconsole1 \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virt-default-nic.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virt-default-nic.args
@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-aarch64-virt-default/monitor.sock,server,nowait \
 -kernel /aarch64.kernel \
 -initrd /aarch64.initrd \
 -append console=ttyAMA0 \
-device virtio-net-device,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0
+-device virtio-net-device,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virt-virtio.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virt-virtio.args
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-aarch64test/monitor.sock,server,nowait \
 -device virtio-serial-device,id=virtio-serial0 \
 -drive file=/aarch64.raw,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 \
 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0 \
-device virtio-net-device,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-device,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \
 -serial chardev:charserial0 \
 -chardev pty,id=charconsole1 \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virtio-pci-default.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virtio-pci-default.args
@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ addr=0x1 \
 -drive file=/aarch64.raw,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 \
 -device virtio-blk-pci,bus=pci.3,addr=0x0,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,\
 id=virtio-disk0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37,bus=pci.1,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x0 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \
 -serial chardev:charserial0 \
 -chardev pty,id=charconsole1 \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virtio-pci-manual-addresses.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/aarch64-virtio-pci-manual-addresses.args
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-aarch64test/monitor.sock,server,nowait \
 -drive file=/aarch64.raw,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-scsi0-0-0-0 \
 -device scsi-disk,bus=scsi0.0,channel=0,scsi-id=0,lun=0,\
 drive=drive-scsi0-0-0-0,id=scsi0-0-0-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37,bus=pci.3,addr=0x2 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37,bus=pci.3,\
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:38,bus=pci.2,addr=0x1 \
+addr=0x2 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:38,bus=pci.2,\
+addr=0x1
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/arm-vexpressa9-virtio.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/arm-vexpressa9-virtio.args
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/arm.raw,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 \
 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0 \
-device virtio-net-device,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-device,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \
 -serial chardev:charserial0 \
 -chardev pty,id=charconsole1 \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/arm-virt-virtio.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/arm-virt-virtio.args
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ server,nowait \
 -device virtio-serial-device,id=virtio-serial0 \
 -drive file=/arm.raw,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0 \
 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0 \
-device virtio-net-device,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-device,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:09:a4:37 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \
 -serial chardev:charserial0 \
 -chardev pty,id=charconsole1 \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/boot-complex-bootindex.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/boot-complex-bootindex.args
@@ -37,8 +37,9 @@ bootindex=1 \
 -global isa-fdc.bootindexA=4 \
 -drive file=/dev/fd1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-fdc0-0-1 \
 -global isa-fdc.driveB=drive-fdc0-0-1 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:11,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-bootindex=2 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:11,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+addr=0x3,bootindex=2 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:22,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:22,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/boot-complex.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/boot-complex.args
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ readonly=on \
 -global isa-fdc.driveA=drive-fdc0-0-0 \
 -drive file=/dev/fd1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-fdc0-0-1 \
 -global isa-fdc.driveB=drive-fdc0-0-1 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:11,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:11,bus=pci.0,\
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:22,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 \
+addr=0x3 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:22,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/boot-order.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/boot-order.args
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ id=virtio-disk0,bootindex=3 \
 -drive file=/dev/null,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-fdc0-0-1 \
 -global isa-fdc.driveB=drive-fdc0-0-1 \
 -global isa-fdc.bootindexB=4 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-bootindex=2 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+addr=0x3,bootindex=2 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/boot-strict.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/boot-strict.args
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ bootindex=1 \
 -global isa-fdc.bootindexA=4 \
 -drive file=/dev/fd1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-fdc0-0-1 \
 -global isa-fdc.driveB=drive-fdc0-0-1 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:11,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-bootindex=2 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:11,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+addr=0x3,bootindex=2 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:22,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:22,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/controller-order.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/controller-order.args
@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ id=virtio-disk0 \
 -drive file=/tmp/Fedora-17-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso,format=raw,if=none,\
 id=drive-ide0-1-0,media=cdrom,readonly=on \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:4d:4b:19,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:4d:4b:19,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3 \
 -chardev spicevmc,id=charsmartcard0,name=smartcard \
 -device ccid-card-passthru,chardev=charsmartcard0,id=smartcard0,bus=ccid0.0 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/disk-copy_on_read.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/disk-copy_on_read.args
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ id=virtio-disk0 \
 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-KDE.iso,format=raw,if=none,\
 id=drive-ide0-1-0,media=cdrom,readonly=on \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,tx=bh,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:e5:48:58,bus=pci.0,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-addr=0x3 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,tx=bh,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:e5:48:58,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/disk-ioeventfd.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/disk-ioeventfd.args
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0 \
 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-KDE.iso,format=raw,if=none,\
 id=drive-ide0-1-0,media=cdrom,readonly=on \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,tx=bh,ioeventfd=off,vlan=0,id=net0,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,tx=bh,ioeventfd=off,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,\
 mac=52:54:00:e5:48:58,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/event_idx.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/event_idx.args
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0 \
 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-KDE.iso,format=raw,if=none,\
 id=drive-ide0-1-0,media=cdrom,readonly=on \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,event_idx=off,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:e5:48:58,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,event_idx=off,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+mac=52:54:00:e5:48:58,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/graphics-spice-timeout.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/graphics-spice-timeout.args
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ id=virtio-disk0 \
 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-KDE.iso,format=raw,if=none,\
 id=drive-ide0-1-0,media=cdrom,readonly=on \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:71:70:89,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7 \
+-netdev tap,fd=3,id=hostnet0 \
-net tap,fd=3,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:71:70:89,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x7 \
 -device usb-tablet,id=input0,bus=usb.0,port=1 \
 -spice port=5900,addr=127.0.0.1 \
 -vga std \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/intel-iommu-caching-mode.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/intel-iommu-caching-mode.args
@@ -23,5 +23,6 @@ server,nowait \
 -device pci-bridge,chassis_nr=2,id=pci.2,bus=pci.1,addr=0x0 \
 -device ioh3420,port=0x10,chassis=3,id=pci.3,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2 \
 -device ich9-usb-ehci1,id=usb,bus=pci.2,addr=0x2.0x7 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:ab:0c:5c,bus=pci.2,addr=0x1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:ab:0c:5c,bus=pci.2,\
+addr=0x1
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/machine-loadparm-multiple-disks-nets-s390.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/machine-loadparm-multiple-disks-nets-s390.args
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ id=virtio-disk0,bootindex=1 \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest2,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk1 \
 -device virtio-blk-ccw,devno=fe.0.0003,drive=drive-virtio-disk1,\
 id=virtio-disk1,bootindex=3 \
-device virtio-net-ccw,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:54,devno=fe.0.0000,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-bootindex=2 \
+-device virtio-net-ccw,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:54,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+devno=fe.0.0000,bootindex=2 \
-device virtio-net-ccw,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:42:36,devno=fe.0.0004 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1 \
+-device virtio-net-ccw,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:42:36,\
+devno=fe.0.0004 \
 -device virtio-balloon-ccw,id=balloon0,devno=fe.0.0001
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/machine-loadparm-net-s390.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/machine-loadparm-net-s390.args
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none \
 -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-QEMUGuest1/monitor.sock,\
 server,nowait \
 -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=readline \
-device virtio-net-ccw,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:54,devno=fe.0.0000,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-bootindex=1 \
+-device virtio-net-ccw,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:54,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+devno=fe.0.0000,bootindex=1 \
 -device virtio-balloon-ccw,id=balloon0,devno=fe.0.0001
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-client.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-client.args
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:8c:b9:05,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev socket,connect=192.168.0.1:5558,id=hostnet0 \
-net socket,connect=192.168.0.1:5558,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:8c:b9:05,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-eth-hostip.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-eth-hostip.args
@@ -21,5 +21,6 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev tap,fd=3,id=hostnet0 \
-net tap,fd=3,vlan=0,name=hostnet0
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-eth-ifname.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-eth-ifname.args
@@ -21,5 +21,6 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev tap,fd=3,id=hostnet0 \
-net tap,fd=3,vlan=0,name=hostnet0
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-eth-names.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-eth-names.args
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev tap,fd=3,id=hostnet0 \
-net tap,fd=3,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:56,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 \
+addr=0x3 \
-net tap,fd=3,vlan=1,name=hostnet1 \
+-netdev tap,fd=3,id=hostnet1 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:56,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-eth.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-eth.args
@@ -21,5 +21,6 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev tap,fd=3,id=hostnet0 \
-net tap,fd=3,vlan=0,name=hostnet0
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-mcast.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-mcast.args
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:8c:b9:05,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev socket,mcast=192.0.0.1:5558,id=hostnet0 \
-net socket,mcast=192.0.0.1:5558,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:8c:b9:05,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-server.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-server.args
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:8c:b9:05,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev socket,listen=192.168.0.1:5558,id=hostnet0 \
-net socket,listen=192.168.0.1:5558,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:8c:b9:05,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-udp.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-udp.args
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:8c:b9:05,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev socket,udp=192.168.10.1:5555,localaddr=192.168.10.1:5556,id=hostnet0 \
-net socket,udp=192.168.10.1:5555,localaddr=192.168.10.1:5556,vlan=0,\
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:8c:b9:05,bus=pci.0,\
-name=hostnet0 \
+addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-user.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-user.args
@@ -21,5 +21,6 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-ccw.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-ccw.args
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none \
 server,nowait \
 -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=readline \
 -boot c \
-device virtio-net-ccw,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,devno=fe.0.0001 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-ccw,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,\
-device virtio-net-ccw,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:54,devno=fe.0.0000 \
+devno=fe.0.0001 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
+-device virtio-net-ccw,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=00:11:22:33:44:54,\
+devno=fe.0.0000 \
 -device virtio-balloon-ccw,id=balloon0,devno=fe.0.000a
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-device.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-device.args
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,tx=bh,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-addr=0x3 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,tx=bh,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-disable-offloads.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-disable-offloads.args
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest7,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
 -device virtio-net-pci,csum=off,gso=off,host_tso4=off,host_tso6=off,\
 host_ecn=off,host_ufo=off,mrg_rxbuf=off,guest_csum=off,guest_tso4=off,\
-guest_tso6=off,guest_ecn=off,guest_ufo=off,vlan=0,id=net0,\
+guest_tso6=off,guest_ecn=off,guest_ufo=off,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,\
 mac=00:22:44:66:88:aa,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-rxtxqueuesize.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-rxtxqueuesize.args
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,rx_queue_size=512,tx_queue_size=1024,vlan=0,id=net0,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,rx_queue_size=512,tx_queue_size=1024,netdev=hostnet0,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-s390.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio-s390.args
@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none \
 server,nowait \
 -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=readline \
 -boot c \
-device virtio-net-s390,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0
+-device virtio-net-s390,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/net-virtio.args
@@ -21,5 +21,6 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:11:22:33:44:55,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/pci-bridge.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/pci-bridge.args
@@ -22,70 +22,93 @@ server,nowait \
 -drive file=/var/iso/f18kde.iso,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-1-0,\
 media=cdrom,readonly=on \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:f1:95:51,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:f1:95:51,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:5c:c6:1a,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7 \
+addr=0x5 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
-device e1000,vlan=2,id=net2,mac=52:54:00:39:97:ac,bus=pci.0,addr=0x8 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:5c:c6:1a,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7 \
-net user,vlan=2,name=hostnet2 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet2 \
-device e1000,vlan=3,id=net3,mac=52:54:00:45:28:cb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x9 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet2,id=net2,mac=52:54:00:39:97:ac,bus=pci.0,addr=0x8 \
-net user,vlan=3,name=hostnet3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet3 \
-device e1000,vlan=4,id=net4,mac=52:54:00:ee:b9:a8,bus=pci.0,addr=0xa \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet3,id=net3,mac=52:54:00:45:28:cb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x9 \
-net user,vlan=4,name=hostnet4 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet4 \
-device e1000,vlan=5,id=net5,mac=52:54:00:a9:f7:17,bus=pci.0,addr=0xb \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet4,id=net4,mac=52:54:00:ee:b9:a8,bus=pci.0,addr=0xa \
-net user,vlan=5,name=hostnet5 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet5 \
-device e1000,vlan=6,id=net6,mac=52:54:00:df:2b:f3,bus=pci.0,addr=0xc \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet5,id=net5,mac=52:54:00:a9:f7:17,bus=pci.0,addr=0xb \
-net user,vlan=6,name=hostnet6 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet6 \
-device e1000,vlan=7,id=net7,mac=52:54:00:78:94:b4,bus=pci.0,addr=0xd \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet6,id=net6,mac=52:54:00:df:2b:f3,bus=pci.0,addr=0xc \
-net user,vlan=7,name=hostnet7 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet7 \
-device e1000,vlan=8,id=net8,mac=52:54:00:6b:9b:06,bus=pci.0,addr=0xe \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet7,id=net7,mac=52:54:00:78:94:b4,bus=pci.0,addr=0xd \
-net user,vlan=8,name=hostnet8 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet8 \
-device e1000,vlan=9,id=net9,mac=52:54:00:17:df:bc,bus=pci.0,addr=0xf \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet8,id=net8,mac=52:54:00:6b:9b:06,bus=pci.0,addr=0xe \
-net user,vlan=9,name=hostnet9 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet9 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=10,id=net10,mac=52:54:00:3b:d0:51,bus=pci.0,addr=0x10 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet9,id=net9,mac=52:54:00:17:df:bc,bus=pci.0,addr=0xf \
-net user,vlan=10,name=hostnet10 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet10 \
-device e1000,vlan=11,id=net11,mac=52:54:00:8d:2d:17,bus=pci.0,addr=0x11 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet10,id=net10,mac=52:54:00:3b:d0:51,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=11,name=hostnet11 \
+addr=0x10 \
-device e1000,vlan=12,id=net12,mac=52:54:00:a7:66:af,bus=pci.0,addr=0x12 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet11 \
-net user,vlan=12,name=hostnet12 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet11,id=net11,mac=52:54:00:8d:2d:17,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=13,id=net13,mac=52:54:00:54:ab:d7,bus=pci.0,addr=0x13 \
+addr=0x11 \
-net user,vlan=13,name=hostnet13 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet12 \
-device e1000,vlan=14,id=net14,mac=52:54:00:1f:99:90,bus=pci.0,addr=0x14 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet12,id=net12,mac=52:54:00:a7:66:af,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=14,name=hostnet14 \
+addr=0x12 \
-device e1000,vlan=15,id=net15,mac=52:54:00:c8:43:87,bus=pci.0,addr=0x15 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet13 \
-net user,vlan=15,name=hostnet15 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet13,id=net13,mac=52:54:00:54:ab:d7,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=16,id=net16,mac=52:54:00:df:22:b2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x16 \
+addr=0x13 \
-net user,vlan=16,name=hostnet16 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet14 \
-device e1000,vlan=17,id=net17,mac=52:54:00:d2:9a:47,bus=pci.0,addr=0x17 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet14,id=net14,mac=52:54:00:1f:99:90,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=17,name=hostnet17 \
+addr=0x14 \
-device e1000,vlan=18,id=net18,mac=52:54:00:86:05:e2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x18 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet15 \
-net user,vlan=18,name=hostnet18 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet15,id=net15,mac=52:54:00:c8:43:87,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=19,id=net19,mac=52:54:00:8c:1c:c2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x19 \
+addr=0x15 \
-net user,vlan=19,name=hostnet19 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet16 \
-device e1000,vlan=20,id=net20,mac=52:54:00:48:58:92,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1a \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet16,id=net16,mac=52:54:00:df:22:b2,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=20,name=hostnet20 \
+addr=0x16 \
-device e1000,vlan=21,id=net21,mac=52:54:00:99:e5:bf,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1b \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet17 \
-net user,vlan=21,name=hostnet21 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet17,id=net17,mac=52:54:00:d2:9a:47,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=22,id=net22,mac=52:54:00:b1:8c:25,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1c \
+addr=0x17 \
-net user,vlan=22,name=hostnet22 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet18 \
-device e1000,vlan=23,id=net23,mac=52:54:00:60:e0:d0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1d \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet18,id=net18,mac=52:54:00:86:05:e2,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=23,name=hostnet23 \
+addr=0x18 \
-device e1000,vlan=24,id=net24,mac=52:54:00:37:00:6a,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1e \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet19 \
-net user,vlan=24,name=hostnet24 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet19,id=net19,mac=52:54:00:8c:1c:c2,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=25,id=net25,mac=52:54:00:c7:c8:ad,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1f \
+addr=0x19 \
-net user,vlan=25,name=hostnet25 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet20 \
-device e1000,vlan=26,id=net26,mac=52:54:00:4e:a7:cf,bus=pci.1,addr=0x1 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet20,id=net20,mac=52:54:00:48:58:92,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=26,name=hostnet26 \
+addr=0x1a \
-device e1000,vlan=27,id=net27,mac=52:54:00:00:79:69,bus=pci.1,addr=0x2 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet21 \
-net user,vlan=27,name=hostnet27 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet21,id=net21,mac=52:54:00:99:e5:bf,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=28,id=net28,mac=52:54:00:47:00:6f,bus=pci.1,addr=0x3 \
+addr=0x1b \
-net user,vlan=28,name=hostnet28 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet22 \
-device e1000,vlan=29,id=net29,mac=52:54:00:2a:8c:8b,bus=pci.1,addr=0x4 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet22,id=net22,mac=52:54:00:b1:8c:25,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=29,name=hostnet29 \
+addr=0x1c \
-device e1000,vlan=30,id=net30,mac=52:54:00:ec:d5:e3,bus=pci.1,addr=0x5 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet23 \
-net user,vlan=30,name=hostnet30 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet23,id=net23,mac=52:54:00:60:e0:d0,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=31,id=net31,mac=52:54:00:7e:6e:c8,bus=pci.1,addr=0x6 \
+addr=0x1d \
-net user,vlan=31,name=hostnet31 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet24 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet24,id=net24,mac=52:54:00:37:00:6a,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x1e \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet25 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet25,id=net25,mac=52:54:00:c7:c8:ad,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x1f \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet26 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet26,id=net26,mac=52:54:00:4e:a7:cf,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet27 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet27,id=net27,mac=52:54:00:00:79:69,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x2 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet28 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet28,id=net28,mac=52:54:00:47:00:6f,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet29 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet29,id=net29,mac=52:54:00:2a:8c:8b,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x4 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet30 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet30,id=net30,mac=52:54:00:ec:d5:e3,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x5 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet31 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet31,id=net31,mac=52:54:00:7e:6e:c8,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x6 \
 -vnc 127.0.0.1:0 \
 -k en-us \
 -vga cirrus \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/pci-expander-bus.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/pci-expander-bus.args
@@ -22,68 +22,91 @@ path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-expander-test/monitor.sock,server,nowait \
 -boot c \
 -device pxb,bus_nr=254,id=pci.1,numa_node=1,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
 -device pxb,bus_nr=252,id=pci.2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:f1:95:51,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:f1:95:51,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:5c:c6:1a,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7 \
+addr=0x5 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
-device e1000,vlan=2,id=net2,mac=52:54:00:39:97:ac,bus=pci.0,addr=0x8 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:5c:c6:1a,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7 \
-net user,vlan=2,name=hostnet2 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet2 \
-device e1000,vlan=3,id=net3,mac=52:54:00:45:28:cb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x9 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet2,id=net2,mac=52:54:00:39:97:ac,bus=pci.0,addr=0x8 \
-net user,vlan=3,name=hostnet3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet3 \
-device e1000,vlan=4,id=net4,mac=52:54:00:ee:b9:a8,bus=pci.0,addr=0xa \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet3,id=net3,mac=52:54:00:45:28:cb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x9 \
-net user,vlan=4,name=hostnet4 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet4 \
-device e1000,vlan=5,id=net5,mac=52:54:00:a9:f7:17,bus=pci.0,addr=0xb \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet4,id=net4,mac=52:54:00:ee:b9:a8,bus=pci.0,addr=0xa \
-net user,vlan=5,name=hostnet5 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet5 \
-device e1000,vlan=6,id=net6,mac=52:54:00:df:2b:f3,bus=pci.0,addr=0xc \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet5,id=net5,mac=52:54:00:a9:f7:17,bus=pci.0,addr=0xb \
-net user,vlan=6,name=hostnet6 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet6 \
-device e1000,vlan=7,id=net7,mac=52:54:00:78:94:b4,bus=pci.0,addr=0xd \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet6,id=net6,mac=52:54:00:df:2b:f3,bus=pci.0,addr=0xc \
-net user,vlan=7,name=hostnet7 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet7 \
-device e1000,vlan=8,id=net8,mac=52:54:00:6b:9b:06,bus=pci.0,addr=0xe \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet7,id=net7,mac=52:54:00:78:94:b4,bus=pci.0,addr=0xd \
-net user,vlan=8,name=hostnet8 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet8 \
-device e1000,vlan=9,id=net9,mac=52:54:00:17:df:bc,bus=pci.0,addr=0xf \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet8,id=net8,mac=52:54:00:6b:9b:06,bus=pci.0,addr=0xe \
-net user,vlan=9,name=hostnet9 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet9 \
-device e1000,vlan=10,id=net10,mac=52:54:00:3b:d0:51,bus=pci.0,addr=0x10 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet9,id=net9,mac=52:54:00:17:df:bc,bus=pci.0,addr=0xf \
-net user,vlan=10,name=hostnet10 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet10 \
-device e1000,vlan=11,id=net11,mac=52:54:00:8d:2d:17,bus=pci.0,addr=0x11 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet10,id=net10,mac=52:54:00:3b:d0:51,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=11,name=hostnet11 \
+addr=0x10 \
-device e1000,vlan=12,id=net12,mac=52:54:00:a7:66:af,bus=pci.0,addr=0x12 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet11 \
-net user,vlan=12,name=hostnet12 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet11,id=net11,mac=52:54:00:8d:2d:17,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=13,id=net13,mac=52:54:00:54:ab:d7,bus=pci.0,addr=0x13 \
+addr=0x11 \
-net user,vlan=13,name=hostnet13 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet12 \
-device e1000,vlan=14,id=net14,mac=52:54:00:1f:99:90,bus=pci.0,addr=0x14 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet12,id=net12,mac=52:54:00:a7:66:af,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=14,name=hostnet14 \
+addr=0x12 \
-device e1000,vlan=15,id=net15,mac=52:54:00:c8:43:87,bus=pci.0,addr=0x15 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet13 \
-net user,vlan=15,name=hostnet15 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet13,id=net13,mac=52:54:00:54:ab:d7,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=16,id=net16,mac=52:54:00:df:22:b2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x16 \
+addr=0x13 \
-net user,vlan=16,name=hostnet16 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet14 \
-device e1000,vlan=17,id=net17,mac=52:54:00:d2:9a:47,bus=pci.0,addr=0x17 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet14,id=net14,mac=52:54:00:1f:99:90,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=17,name=hostnet17 \
+addr=0x14 \
-device e1000,vlan=18,id=net18,mac=52:54:00:86:05:e2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x18 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet15 \
-net user,vlan=18,name=hostnet18 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet15,id=net15,mac=52:54:00:c8:43:87,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=19,id=net19,mac=52:54:00:8c:1c:c2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x19 \
+addr=0x15 \
-net user,vlan=19,name=hostnet19 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet16 \
-device e1000,vlan=20,id=net20,mac=52:54:00:48:58:92,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1a \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet16,id=net16,mac=52:54:00:df:22:b2,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=20,name=hostnet20 \
+addr=0x16 \
-device e1000,vlan=21,id=net21,mac=52:54:00:99:e5:bf,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1b \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet17 \
-net user,vlan=21,name=hostnet21 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet17,id=net17,mac=52:54:00:d2:9a:47,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=22,id=net22,mac=52:54:00:b1:8c:25,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1c \
+addr=0x17 \
-net user,vlan=22,name=hostnet22 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet18 \
-device e1000,vlan=23,id=net23,mac=52:54:00:60:e0:d0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1d \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet18,id=net18,mac=52:54:00:86:05:e2,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=23,name=hostnet23 \
+addr=0x18 \
-device e1000,vlan=24,id=net24,mac=52:54:00:37:00:6a,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1e \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet19 \
-net user,vlan=24,name=hostnet24 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet19,id=net19,mac=52:54:00:8c:1c:c2,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=25,id=net25,mac=52:54:00:c7:c8:ad,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1f \
+addr=0x19 \
-net user,vlan=25,name=hostnet25 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet20 \
-device e1000,vlan=26,id=net26,mac=52:54:00:4e:a7:cf,bus=pci.1,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet20,id=net20,mac=52:54:00:48:58:92,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=26,name=hostnet26 \
+addr=0x1a \
-device e1000,vlan=27,id=net27,mac=52:54:00:00:79:69,bus=pci.1,addr=0x1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet21 \
-net user,vlan=27,name=hostnet27 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet21,id=net21,mac=52:54:00:99:e5:bf,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=28,id=net28,mac=52:54:00:47:00:6f,bus=pci.1,addr=0x2 \
+addr=0x1b \
-net user,vlan=28,name=hostnet28 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet22 \
-device e1000,vlan=29,id=net29,mac=52:54:00:2a:8c:8b,bus=pci.1,addr=0x3 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet22,id=net22,mac=52:54:00:b1:8c:25,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=29,name=hostnet29 \
+addr=0x1c \
-device e1000,vlan=30,id=net30,mac=52:54:00:ec:d5:e3,bus=pci.1,addr=0x4 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet23 \
-net user,vlan=30,name=hostnet30 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet23,id=net23,mac=52:54:00:60:e0:d0,bus=pci.0,\
-device e1000,vlan=31,id=net31,mac=52:54:00:7e:6e:c8,bus=pci.1,addr=0x5 \
+addr=0x1d \
-net user,vlan=31,name=hostnet31 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet24 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet24,id=net24,mac=52:54:00:37:00:6a,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x1e \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet25 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet25,id=net25,mac=52:54:00:c7:c8:ad,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x1f \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet26 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet26,id=net26,mac=52:54:00:4e:a7:cf,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet27 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet27,id=net27,mac=52:54:00:00:79:69,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet28 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet28,id=net28,mac=52:54:00:47:00:6f,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x2 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet29 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet29,id=net29,mac=52:54:00:2a:8c:8b,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet30 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet30,id=net30,mac=52:54:00:ec:d5:e3,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x4 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet31 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet31,id=net31,mac=52:54:00:7e:6e:c8,bus=pci.1,\
+addr=0x5 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/pci-rom.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/pci-rom.args
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ server,nowait \
 -usb \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest2,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:24:a5:9f,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-rombar=1 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:24:a5:9f,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+addr=0x3,rombar=1 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:24:a5:9e,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
-romfile=/etc/fake/bootrom.bin \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:24:a5:9e,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1 \
+addr=0x4,romfile=/etc/fake/bootrom.bin \
 -device pci-assign,host=06:12.5,id=hostdev0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5,rombar=0 \
 -device pci-assign,host=06:12.6,id=hostdev1,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6,rombar=1,\
 romfile=/etc/fake/bootrom.bin \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/pcie-expander-bus.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/pcie-expander-bus.args
@@ -57,67 +57,94 @@ path=/tmp/lib/domain--1-pcie-expander-bus-te/monitor.sock,server,nowait \
 -device xio3130-downstream,port=0x1f,chassis=35,id=pci.35,bus=pci.3,addr=0x1f \
 -drive file=/dev/HostVG/QEMUGuest1,format=raw,if=none,id=drive-sata0-0-0 \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,drive=drive-sata0-0-0,id=sata0-0-0 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:f1:95:51,bus=pci.4,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:f1:95:51,bus=pci.4,\
-device e1000,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:5c:c6:1a,bus=pci.5,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=1,name=hostnet1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet1 \
-device e1000,vlan=2,id=net2,mac=52:54:00:39:97:ac,bus=pci.6,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:5c:c6:1a,bus=pci.5,addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=2,name=hostnet2 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet2 \
-device e1000,vlan=3,id=net3,mac=52:54:00:ee:b9:a8,bus=pci.7,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet2,id=net2,mac=52:54:00:39:97:ac,bus=pci.6,addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=3,name=hostnet3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet3 \
-device e1000,vlan=4,id=net4,mac=52:54:00:a9:f7:17,bus=pci.8,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet3,id=net3,mac=52:54:00:ee:b9:a8,bus=pci.7,addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=4,name=hostnet4 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet4 \
-device e1000,vlan=5,id=net5,mac=52:54:00:df:2b:f3,bus=pci.9,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet4,id=net4,mac=52:54:00:a9:f7:17,bus=pci.8,addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=5,name=hostnet5 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet5 \
-device e1000,vlan=6,id=net6,mac=52:54:00:78:94:b4,bus=pci.10,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet5,id=net5,mac=52:54:00:df:2b:f3,bus=pci.9,addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=6,name=hostnet6 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet6 \
-device e1000,vlan=7,id=net7,mac=52:54:00:6b:9b:06,bus=pci.11,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet6,id=net6,mac=52:54:00:78:94:b4,bus=pci.10,\
-net user,vlan=7,name=hostnet7 \
+addr=0x0 \
-device e1000,vlan=8,id=net8,mac=52:54:00:17:df:bc,bus=pci.12,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet7 \
-net user,vlan=8,name=hostnet8 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet7,id=net7,mac=52:54:00:6b:9b:06,bus=pci.11,\
-device e1000,vlan=9,id=net9,mac=52:54:00:3b:d0:51,bus=pci.13,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=9,name=hostnet9 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet8 \
-device e1000,vlan=10,id=net10,mac=52:54:00:8d:2d:17,bus=pci.14,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet8,id=net8,mac=52:54:00:17:df:bc,bus=pci.12,\
-net user,vlan=10,name=hostnet10 \
+addr=0x0 \
-device e1000,vlan=11,id=net11,mac=52:54:00:a7:66:af,bus=pci.15,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet9 \
-net user,vlan=11,name=hostnet11 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet9,id=net9,mac=52:54:00:3b:d0:51,bus=pci.13,\
-device e1000,vlan=12,id=net12,mac=52:54:00:54:ab:d7,bus=pci.16,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=12,name=hostnet12 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet10 \
-device e1000,vlan=13,id=net13,mac=52:54:00:1f:99:90,bus=pci.17,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet10,id=net10,mac=52:54:00:8d:2d:17,bus=pci.14,\
-net user,vlan=13,name=hostnet13 \
+addr=0x0 \
-device e1000,vlan=14,id=net14,mac=52:54:00:c8:43:87,bus=pci.18,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet11 \
-net user,vlan=14,name=hostnet14 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet11,id=net11,mac=52:54:00:a7:66:af,bus=pci.15,\
-device e1000,vlan=15,id=net15,mac=52:54:00:df:22:b2,bus=pci.19,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=15,name=hostnet15 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet12 \
-device e1000,vlan=16,id=net16,mac=52:54:00:d2:9a:47,bus=pci.20,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet12,id=net12,mac=52:54:00:54:ab:d7,bus=pci.16,\
-net user,vlan=16,name=hostnet16 \
+addr=0x0 \
-device e1000,vlan=17,id=net17,mac=52:54:00:86:05:e2,bus=pci.21,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet13 \
-net user,vlan=17,name=hostnet17 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet13,id=net13,mac=52:54:00:1f:99:90,bus=pci.17,\
-device e1000,vlan=18,id=net18,mac=52:54:00:8c:1c:c2,bus=pci.22,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=18,name=hostnet18 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet14 \
-device e1000,vlan=19,id=net19,mac=52:54:00:48:58:92,bus=pci.23,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet14,id=net14,mac=52:54:00:c8:43:87,bus=pci.18,\
-net user,vlan=19,name=hostnet19 \
+addr=0x0 \
-device e1000,vlan=20,id=net20,mac=52:54:00:99:e5:bf,bus=pci.24,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet15 \
-net user,vlan=20,name=hostnet20 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet15,id=net15,mac=52:54:00:df:22:b2,bus=pci.19,\
-device e1000,vlan=21,id=net21,mac=52:54:00:b1:8c:25,bus=pci.25,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=21,name=hostnet21 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet16 \
-device e1000,vlan=22,id=net22,mac=52:54:00:60:e0:d0,bus=pci.26,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet16,id=net16,mac=52:54:00:d2:9a:47,bus=pci.20,\
-net user,vlan=22,name=hostnet22 \
+addr=0x0 \
-device e1000,vlan=23,id=net23,mac=52:54:00:37:00:6a,bus=pci.27,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet17 \
-net user,vlan=23,name=hostnet23 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet17,id=net17,mac=52:54:00:86:05:e2,bus=pci.21,\
-device e1000,vlan=24,id=net24,mac=52:54:00:c7:c8:ad,bus=pci.28,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=24,name=hostnet24 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet18 \
-device e1000,vlan=25,id=net25,mac=52:54:00:4e:a7:cf,bus=pci.29,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet18,id=net18,mac=52:54:00:8c:1c:c2,bus=pci.22,\
-net user,vlan=25,name=hostnet25 \
+addr=0x0 \
-device e1000,vlan=26,id=net26,mac=52:54:00:00:79:69,bus=pci.30,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet19 \
-net user,vlan=26,name=hostnet26 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet19,id=net19,mac=52:54:00:48:58:92,bus=pci.23,\
-device e1000,vlan=27,id=net27,mac=52:54:00:47:00:6f,bus=pci.31,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=27,name=hostnet27 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet20 \
-device e1000,vlan=28,id=net28,mac=52:54:00:2a:8c:8b,bus=pci.32,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet20,id=net20,mac=52:54:00:99:e5:bf,bus=pci.24,\
-net user,vlan=28,name=hostnet28 \
+addr=0x0 \
-device e1000,vlan=29,id=net29,mac=52:54:00:ec:d5:e3,bus=pci.33,addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet21 \
-net user,vlan=29,name=hostnet29 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet21,id=net21,mac=52:54:00:b1:8c:25,bus=pci.25,\
-device e1000,vlan=30,id=net30,mac=52:54:00:7e:6e:c8,bus=pci.34,addr=0x0 \
+addr=0x0 \
-net user,vlan=30,name=hostnet30 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet22 \
-device e1000,vlan=31,id=net31,mac=52:54:00:7e:6d:c9,bus=pci.35,addr=0x0 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet22,id=net22,mac=52:54:00:60:e0:d0,bus=pci.26,\
-net user,vlan=31,name=hostnet31
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet23 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet23,id=net23,mac=52:54:00:37:00:6a,bus=pci.27,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet24 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet24,id=net24,mac=52:54:00:c7:c8:ad,bus=pci.28,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet25 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet25,id=net25,mac=52:54:00:4e:a7:cf,bus=pci.29,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet26 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet26,id=net26,mac=52:54:00:00:79:69,bus=pci.30,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet27 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet27,id=net27,mac=52:54:00:47:00:6f,bus=pci.31,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet28 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet28,id=net28,mac=52:54:00:2a:8c:8b,bus=pci.32,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet29 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet29,id=net29,mac=52:54:00:ec:d5:e3,bus=pci.33,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet30 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet30,id=net30,mac=52:54:00:7e:6e:c8,bus=pci.34,\
+addr=0x0 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet31 \
+-device e1000,netdev=hostnet31,id=net31,mac=52:54:00:7e:6d:c9,bus=pci.35,\
+addr=0x0
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/q35-pci-force-address.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/q35-pci-force-address.args
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ server,nowait \
 -device i82801b11-bridge,id=pci.1,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x1e \
 -device pci-bridge,chassis_nr=2,id=pci.2,bus=pci.1,addr=0x0 \
 -device ioh3420,port=0x10,chassis=3,id=pci.3,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2 \
-device e1000e,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:aa:bf:ef,bus=pci.2,addr=0x1 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device e1000e,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:aa:bf:ef,bus=pci.2,\
+addr=0x1 \
 -device intel-hda,id=sound0,bus=pci.3,addr=0x0 \
 -device hda-duplex,id=sound0-codec0,bus=sound0.0,cad=0
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/user-aliases.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/user-aliases.args
@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@ id=ua-myEncryptedDisk1 \
 if=none,id=drive-ua-WhatAnAwesomeCDROM,media=cdrom,readonly=on,cache=none \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ua-WhatAnAwesomeCDROM,\
 id=ua-WhatAnAwesomeCDROM \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=ua-CheckoutThisNIC,mac=52:54:00:d6:c0:0b,\
+-netdev tap,fd=3,id=hostua-CheckoutThisNIC \
-bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostua-CheckoutThisNIC,id=ua-CheckoutThisNIC,\
-net tap,fd=3,vlan=0,name=hostua-CheckoutThisNIC \
+mac=52:54:00:d6:c0:0b,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=1,id=ua-WeCanAlsoDoServerMode,mac=52:54:00:22:c9:42,\
+-netdev socket,listen=127.0.0.1:1234,id=hostua-WeCanAlsoDoServerMode \
-bus=pci.0,addr=0x9 \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostua-WeCanAlsoDoServerMode,\
-net socket,listen=127.0.0.1:1234,vlan=1,name=hostua-WeCanAlsoDoServerMode \
+id=ua-WeCanAlsoDoServerMode,mac=52:54:00:22:c9:42,bus=pci.0,addr=0x9 \
-device rtl8139,vlan=2,id=ua-AndAlsoClientMode,mac=52:54:00:8c:b1:f8,bus=pci.0,\
+-netdev socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234,id=hostua-AndAlsoClientMode \
-addr=0xa \
+-device rtl8139,netdev=hostua-AndAlsoClientMode,id=ua-AndAlsoClientMode,\
-net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234,vlan=2,name=hostua-AndAlsoClientMode \
+mac=52:54:00:8c:b1:f8,bus=pci.0,addr=0xa \
 -device ccid-card-emulated,backend=nss-emulated,id=smartcard0,bus=ua-myCCID.0 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \
 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/virtio-lun.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/virtio-lun.args
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ id=virtio-disk0 \
 -drive file=/dev/sdfake2,format=qcow2,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk1 \
 -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=on,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5,drive=drive-virtio-disk1,\
 id=virtio-disk1 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:e5:48:58,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:e5:48:58,bus=pci.0,\
+addr=0x3 \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7
--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/virtio-options.args
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvdata/virtio-options.args
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ ats=on,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
 path=/export/fs2 \
 -device virtio-9p-pci,id=fs1,fsdev=fsdev-fs1,mount_tag=fs2,iommu_platform=on,\
 ats=on,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 \
-device virtio-net-pci,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=52:54:56:58:5a:5c,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6,\
+-netdev user,id=hostnet0 \
-iommu_platform=on,ats=on \
+-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:56:58:5a:5c,bus=pci.0,\
-net user,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 \
+addr=0x6,iommu_platform=on,ats=on \
 -device virtio-mouse-pci,id=input0,bus=pci.0,addr=0xe,iommu_platform=on,ats=on \
 -device virtio-keyboard-pci,id=input1,bus=pci.0,addr=0x10,iommu_platform=on,\
 ats=on \

--- a/tests/qemuxml2argvtest.c
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2argvtest.c
@@ -1218,22 +1218,21 @@ mymain(void)
    DO_TEST("misc-no-reboot", NONE);
    DO_TEST("misc-uuid", NONE);
    DO_TEST_PARSE_ERROR("vhost_queues-invalid", NONE);
-    DO_TEST("net-vhostuser", QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV);
+    DO_TEST("net-vhostuser", NONE);
    DO_TEST("net-vhostuser-multiq",
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV, QEMU_CAPS_VHOSTUSER_MULTIQUEUE);
+            QEMU_CAPS_VHOSTUSER_MULTIQUEUE);
-    DO_TEST_FAILURE("net-vhostuser-multiq", QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV);
+    DO_TEST_FAILURE("net-vhostuser-multiq", NONE);
    DO_TEST_FAILURE("net-vhostuser-fail",
-                    QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
                    QEMU_CAPS_VHOSTUSER_MULTIQUEUE);
    DO_TEST("net-user", NONE);
-    DO_TEST("net-user-addr", QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV);
+    DO_TEST("net-user-addr", NONE);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio", NONE);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio-device",
            QEMU_CAPS_NODEFCONFIG, QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_TX_ALG);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio-disable-offloads",
            QEMU_CAPS_NODEFCONFIG);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio-netdev",
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV, QEMU_CAPS_NODEFCONFIG);
+            QEMU_CAPS_NODEFCONFIG);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio-s390",
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_S390);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio-ccw",
@@ -2242,7 +2241,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -2267,7 +2265,6 @@ mymain(void)
    DO_TEST("q35-virtio-pci",
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -2290,7 +2287,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -2312,7 +2308,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -2334,7 +2329,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -2362,7 +2356,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,

--- a/tests/qemuxml2xmltest.c
+++ b/tests/qemuxml2xmltest.c
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ mymain(void)
    DO_TEST("misc-uuid", NONE);
    DO_TEST("net-vhostuser", NONE);
    DO_TEST("net-user", NONE);
-    DO_TEST("net-user-addr", QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV);
+    DO_TEST("net-user-addr", NONE);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio", NONE);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio-device", NONE);
    DO_TEST("net-virtio-disable-offloads", NONE);
@@ -754,7 +754,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -777,7 +776,6 @@ mymain(void)
    DO_TEST("q35-virtio-pci",
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -800,7 +798,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -822,7 +819,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -844,7 +840,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,
@@ -871,7 +866,6 @@ mymain(void)
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_PCI_DISABLE_LEGACY,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_RNG,
            QEMU_CAPS_OBJECT_RNG_RANDOM,
-            QEMU_CAPS_NETDEV,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_NET,
            QEMU_CAPS_DEVICE_VIRTIO_GPU,
            QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_GPU_VIRGL,