Impact: new scalable dynamic percpu allocator which allows dynamic
        percpu areas to be accessed the same way as static ones

Implement scalable dynamic percpu allocator which can be used for both
static and dynamic percpu areas.  This will allow static and dynamic
areas to share faster direct access methods.  This feature is optional
and enabled only when CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA is defined by
arch.  Please read comment on top of mm/percpu.c for details.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Impact: two more public map/unmap functions

Implement map_kernel_range_noflush() and unmap_kernel_range_noflush().
These functions respectively map and unmap address range in kernel VM
area but doesn't do any vcache or tlb flushing.  These will be used by
new percpu allocator.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>

Impact: allow multiple early vm areas

There are places where kernel VM area needs to be allocated before
vmalloc is initialized.  This is done by allocating static vm_struct,
initializing several fields and linking it to vmlist and later vmalloc
initialization picking up these from vmlist.  This is currently done
manually and if there's more than one such areas, there's no defined
way to arbitrate who gets which address.

This patch implements vm_area_register_early(), which takes vm_area
struct with flags and size initialized, assigns address to it and puts
it on the vmlist.  This way, multiple early vm areas can determine
which addresses they should use.  The only current user - alpha mm
init - is converted to use it.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

Impact: kill unused functions

percpu_alloc() and its friends never saw much action.  It was supposed
to replace the cpu-mask unaware __alloc_percpu() but it never happened
and in fact __percpu_alloc_mask() itself never really grew proper
up/down handling interface either (no exported interface for
populate/depopulate).

percpu allocation is about to go through major reimplementation and
there's no reason to carry this unused interface around.  Replace it
with __alloc_percpu() and free_percpu().
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

This prepares for a real __alloc_percpu, by adding an alignment argument.
Only one place uses __alloc_percpu directly, and that's for a string.

tj: af_inet also uses __alloc_percpu(), update it.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Impact: cleanup

There are two allocated per-cpu accessor macros with almost identical
spelling.  The original and far more popular is per_cpu_ptr (44
files), so change over the other 4 files.

tj: kill percpu_ptr() and update UP too
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: lenb@kernel.org
Cc: cpufreq@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

Impact: cleanup

Move percpu_modinit() upwards.  This is to ease further changes.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

Impact: proper vcache flush on unmap_kernel_range()

flush_cache_vunmap() should be called before pages are unmapped.  Add
a call to it in unmap_kernel_range().
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

Impact: economize memory for large NR_CPUS

percpu data is setup earlier than irq, we can use percpu data
to economize memory.
Signed-off-by: NLai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

Impact: Fixes warning

Fix uv.h struct usage:

arch/x86/include/asm/uv/uv.h:16: warning: 'struct mm_struct' declared inside parameter list
arch/x86/include/asm/uv/uv.h:16: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

Impact: cleanup

With the recent changes in the 32-bit code to make system calls which
use struct pt_regs take a pointer, sys_rt_sigreturn() have become
identical between 32 and 64 bits, and both are empty wrappers around
do_rt_sigreturn().  Remove both wrappers and rename both to
sys_rt_sigreturn().

Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

Some syscalls need to access the pt_regs structure, either to copy
user register state or to modifiy it.  This patch adds stubs to load
the address of the pt_regs struct into the %eax register, and changes
the syscalls to take the pointer as an argument instead of relying on
the assumption that the pt_regs structure overlaps the function
arguments.

Drop the use of regparm(1) due to concern about gcc bugs, and to move
in the direction of the eventual removal of regparm(0) for asmlinkage.
Signed-off-by: NBrian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

Fix the ia64 build error that occurs in the linux-next tree by introducing
an ia64 version of uv.h.

Additionally, clean up the usage of is_uv_system().
Signed-off-by: NDean Nelson <dcn@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Now that no functions rely on struct pt_regs being passed by value,
various "no stack protector" annotations can be dropped.
Signed-off-by: NBrian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Some syscalls need to access the pt_regs structure, either to copy
user register state or to modifiy it.  This patch adds stubs to load
the address of the pt_regs struct into the %eax register, and changes
the syscalls to regparm(1) to receive the pt_regs pointer as the
first argument.
Signed-off-by: NBrian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The generic exception handler (error_code) passes in the pt_regs
pointer and the error code (unused in this case).  The commit
"x86: fix math_emu register frame access" changed this to pass by
value, which doesn't work correctly with stack protector enabled.
Change it back to use the pt_regs pointer.
Signed-off-by: NBrian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Stackprotector builds were failing if CROSS_COMPILER was more than
a single world (such as when distcc was used) - because the check
scripts used $1 instead of $*.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: fix x86_32 stack protector

Brian Gerst found out that %gs was being initialized to stack_canary
instead of stack_canary - 20, which basically gave the same canary
value for all threads.  Fixing this also exposed the following bugs.

* cpu_idle() didn't call boot_init_stack_canary()

* stack canary switching in switch_to() was being done too late making
  the initial run of a new thread use the old stack canary value.

Fix all of them and while at it update comment in cpu_idle() about
calling boot_init_stack_canary().
Reported-by: NBrian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: stack protector for x86_32

Implement stack protector for x86_32.  GDT entry 28 is used for it.
It's set to point to stack_canary-20 and have the length of 24 bytes.
CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR turns off CONFIG_X86_32_LAZY_GS and sets %gs
to the stack canary segment on entry.  As %gs is otherwise unused by
the kernel, the canary can be anywhere.  It's defined as a percpu
variable.

x86_32 exception handlers take register frame on stack directly as
struct pt_regs.  With -fstack-protector turned on, gcc copies the
whole structure after the stack canary and (of course) doesn't copy
back on return thus losing all changed.  For now, -fno-stack-protector
is added to all files which contain those functions.  We definitely
need something better.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: pt_regs changed, lazy gs handling made optional, add slight
        overhead to SAVE_ALL, simplifies error_code path a bit

On x86_32, %gs hasn't been used by kernel and handled lazily.  pt_regs
doesn't have place for it and gs is saved/loaded only when necessary.
In preparation for stack protector support, this patch makes lazy %gs
handling optional by doing the followings.

* Add CONFIG_X86_32_LAZY_GS and place for gs in pt_regs.

* Save and restore %gs along with other registers in entry_32.S unless
  LAZY_GS.  Note that this unfortunately adds "pushl $0" on SAVE_ALL
  even when LAZY_GS.  However, it adds no overhead to common exit path
  and simplifies entry path with error code.

* Define different user_gs accessors depending on LAZY_GS and add
  lazy_save_gs() and lazy_load_gs() which are noop if !LAZY_GS.  The
  lazy_*_gs() ops are used to save, load and clear %gs lazily.

* Define ELF_CORE_COPY_KERNEL_REGS() which always read %gs directly.

xen and lguest changes need to be verified.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: cleanup

On x86_32, %gs is handled lazily.  It's not saved and restored on
kernel entry/exit but only when necessary which usually is during task
switch but there are few other places.  Currently, it's done by
calling savesegment() and loadsegment() explicitly.  Define
get_user_gs(), set_user_gs() and task_user_gs() and use them instead.

While at it, clean up register access macros in signal.c.

This cleans up code a bit and will help future changes.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: cleanup

Use .macro instead of cpp #define where approriate.  This cleans up
code and will ease future changes.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: avoid crash on vsyscall
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: no default -fno-stack-protector if stackp is enabled, cleanup

Stackprotector make rules had the following problems.

* cc support test and warning are scattered across makefile and
  kernel/panic.c.

* -fno-stack-protector was always added regardless of configuration.

Update such that cc support test and warning are contained in makefile
and -fno-stack-protector is added iff stackp is turned off.  While at
it, prepare for 32bit support.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: misc udpate

* wrap content with CONFIG_CC_STACK_PROTECTOR so that other arch files
  can include it directly

* add missing includes

This will help future changes.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

ELF core dump is used for both user land core dump and kernel crash
dump.  Depending on architecture, register might need to be accessed
differently for userland and kernel.  Allow architectures to define
ELF_CORE_COPY_KERNEL_REGS() and use different operation for kernel
register dump.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Conflicts:
	arch/x86/kernel/acpi/boot.c

do_device_not_available() is the handler for #NM and it declares that
it takes a unsigned long and calls math_emu(), which takes a long
argument and surprisingly expects the stack frame starting at the zero
argument would match struct math_emu_info, which isn't true regardless
of configuration in the current code.

This patch makes do_device_not_available() take struct pt_regs like
other exception handlers and initialize struct math_emu_info with
pointer to it and pass pointer to the math_emu_info to math_emulate()
like normal C functions do.  This way, unless gcc makes a copy of
struct pt_regs in do_device_not_available(), the register frame is
correctly accessed regardless of kernel configuration or compiler
used.

This doesn't fix all math_emu problems but it at least gets it
somewhat working.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Conflicts:
	arch/x86/mach-voyager/voyager_smp.c
	arch/x86/mm/fault.c

Impact: cleanup

* Come on, struct info?  s/struct info/struct math_emu_info/

* Use struct pt_regs and kernel_vm86_regs instead of defining its own
  register frame structure.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: dump the correct %gs into a.out core dump

aout_dump_thread() read %gs but didn't include it in core dump.  Fix
it.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Commit 6194ba6f ("x86: don't special-case
pmd allocations as much") made changes to the way we handle pmd allocations,
and while doing that it dropped a call to  paravirt_release_pd on the
pgd page from the pgd_dtor code path.

As a result of this missing release, the hypervisor is now unaware of the
pgd page being freed, and as a result it ends up tracking this page as a
page table page.

After this the guest may start using the same page for other purposes, and
depending on what use the page is put to, it may result in various performance
and/or functional issues ( hangs, reboots).

Since this release is only required for VMI, I now release the pgd page from
the (vmi)_pgd_free hook.
Signed-off-by: NAlok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com>
Acked-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>

Impact: find right nr_irqs_gsi on some systems.

One test-system has gap between gsi's:

[    0.000000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x04] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
[    0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 4, version 0, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
[    0.000000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x05] address[0xfeafd000] gsi_base[48])
[    0.000000] IOAPIC[1]: apic_id 5, version 0, address 0xfeafd000, GSI 48-54
[    0.000000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x06] address[0xfeafc000] gsi_base[56])
[    0.000000] IOAPIC[2]: apic_id 6, version 0, address 0xfeafc000, GSI 56-62
...
[    0.000000] nr_irqs_gsi: 38

So nr_irqs_gsi is not right. some irq for MSI will overwrite with io_apic.

need to get that with acpi_probe_gsi when acpi io_apic is used
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

For Intel 7400 series CPUs, the recommendation is to use a clflush on the
monitored address just before monitor and mwait pair [1].

This clflush makes sure that there are no false wakeups from mwait when the
monitored address was recently written to.

[1] "MONITOR/MWAIT Recommendations for Intel Xeon Processor 7400 series"
    section in specification update document of 7400 series
    http://download.intel.com/design/xeon/specupdt/32033601.pdfSigned-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: bug fix

Don't use per_cpu_offset() to determine if it valid to access a
per-cpu variable for a given cpu number.  It is not a valid assumption
on x86-64 anymore. Use cpu_possible() instead.
Signed-off-by: NBrian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: cleanup and bug fix

Use the linker to create symbols for certain per-cpu variables
that are offset by __per_cpu_load.  This allows the removal of
the runtime fixup of the GDT pointer, which fixes a bug with
resume reported by Jiri Slaby.
Reported-by: NJiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NBrian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NJiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: bug fix

IA-64 needs to put percpu data in the seperate section even on UP.
Fixes regression caused by "percpu: refactor percpu.h"
Signed-off-by: NBrian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arjan/linux-2.6-async-update:
  async: use list_move_tail
  async: Rename _special -> _domain for clarity.
  async: Add some documentation.
  async: Handle kthread_run() return codes.
  async: Fix running list handling.