It was hard to keep a test running, moving tasks between memcgs with
move_charge_at_immigrate, while swapping: mem_cgroup_id_get_many()'s
refcount is discovered to be 0 (supposedly impossible), so it is then
forced to REFCOUNT_SATURATED, and after thousands of warnings in quick
succession, the test is at last put out of misery by being OOM killed.

This is because of the way moved_swap accounting was saved up until the
task move gets completed in __mem_cgroup_clear_mc(), deferred from when
mem_cgroup_move_swap_account() actually exchanged old and new ids.
Concurrent activity can free up swap quicker than the task is scanned,
bringing id refcount down 0 (which should only be possible when
offlining).

Just skip that optimization: do that part of the accounting immediately.

Fixes: 615d66c3 ("mm: memcontrol: fix memcg id ref counter on swap charge move")
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.2007071431050.4726@eggly.anvilsSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Prabhakar reported an OOPS inside mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages()
function in a corner case seen on some arm64 boards when kdump kernel
runs with "cgroup_disable=memory" passed to the kdump kernel via
bootargs.

The root-cause behind the same is that currently mem_cgroup_swap_init()
function is implemented as a subsys_initcall() call instead of a
core_initcall(), this means 'cgroup_memory_noswap' still remains set to
the default value (false) even when memcg is disabled via
"cgroup_disable=memory" boot parameter.

This may result in premature OOPS inside mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages()
function in corner cases:

  Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000188
  Mem abort info:
    ESR = 0x96000006
    EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
    SET = 0, FnV = 0
    EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
  Data abort info:
    ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006
    CM = 0, WnR = 0
  [0000000000000188] user address but active_mm is swapper
  Internal error: Oops: 96000006 [#1] SMP
  Modules linked in:
  <..snip..>
  Call trace:
    mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages+0x9c/0xf4
    shrink_lruvec+0x404/0x4f8
    shrink_node+0x1a8/0x688
    do_try_to_free_pages+0xe8/0x448
    try_to_free_pages+0x110/0x230
    __alloc_pages_slowpath.constprop.106+0x2b8/0xb48
    __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x2ac/0x2f8
    alloc_page_interleave+0x20/0x90
    alloc_pages_current+0xdc/0xf8
    atomic_pool_expand+0x60/0x210
    __dma_atomic_pool_init+0x50/0xa4
    dma_atomic_pool_init+0xac/0x158
    do_one_initcall+0x50/0x218
    kernel_init_freeable+0x22c/0x2d0
    kernel_init+0x18/0x110
    ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18
  Code: aa1403e3 91106000 97f82a27 14000011 (f940c663)
  ---[ end trace 9795948475817de4 ]---
  Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception
  Rebooting in 10 seconds..

Fixes: eccb52e7 ("mm: memcontrol: prepare swap controller setup for integration")
Reported-by: NPrabhakar Kushwaha <pkushwaha@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: NBhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1593641660-13254-2-git-send-email-bhsharma@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Using uninitialized_var() is dangerous as it papers over real bugs[1]
(or can in the future), and suppresses unrelated compiler warnings
(e.g. "unused variable"). If the compiler thinks it is uninitialized,
either simply initialize the variable or make compiler changes.

In preparation for removing[2] the[3] macro[4], remove all remaining
needless uses with the following script:

git grep '\buninitialized_var\b' | cut -d: -f1 | sort -u | \
	xargs perl -pi -e \
		's/\buninitialized_var\(([^\)]+)\)/\1/g;
		 s:\s*/\* (GCC be quiet|to make compiler happy) \*/$::g;'

drivers/video/fbdev/riva/riva_hw.c was manually tweaked to avoid
pathological white-space.

No outstanding warnings were found building allmodconfig with GCC 9.3.0
for x86_64, i386, arm64, arm, powerpc, powerpc64le, s390x, mips, sparc64,
alpha, and m68k.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200603174714.192027-1-glider@google.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CA+55aFw+Vbj0i=1TGqCR5vQkCzWJ0QxK6CernOU6eedsudAixw@mail.gmail.com/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CA+55aFwgbgqhbp1fkxvRKEpzyR5J8n1vKT1VZdz9knmPuXhOeg@mail.gmail.com/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CA+55aFz2500WfbKXAx8s67wrm9=yVJu65TpLgN_ybYNv0VEOKA@mail.gmail.com/

Reviewed-by: Leon Romanovsky <leonro@mellanox.com> # drivers/infiniband and mlx4/mlx5
Acked-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com> # IB
Acked-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@codeaurora.org> # wireless drivers
Reviewed-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com> # erofs
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

Looks like one of these got missed when massaging in f86b810c ("mm,
memcg: prevent memory.low load/store tearing") with other linux-mm
changes.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200612174437.GA391453@chrisdown.nameSigned-off-by: NChris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Reported-by: NMichal Koutny <mkoutny@suse.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We should put the css reference when memory allocation failed.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200614122653.98829-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: f0a3a24b ("mm: memcg/slab: rework non-root kmem_cache lifecycle management")
Signed-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Tejun reports seeing rare div0 crashes in memory.low stress testing:

  RIP: 0010:mem_cgroup_calculate_protection+0xed/0x150
  Code: 0f 46 d1 4c 39 d8 72 57 f6 05 16 d6 42 01 40 74 1f 4c 39 d8 76 1a 4c 39 d1 76 15 4c 29 d1 4c 29 d8 4d 29 d9 31 d2 48 0f af c1 <49> f7 f1 49 01 c2 4c 89 96 38 01 00 00 5d c3 48 0f af c7 31 d2 49
  RSP: 0018:ffffa14e01d6fcd0 EFLAGS: 00010246
  RAX: 000000000243e384 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000008f4b
  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff8b89bee84000 RDI: 0000000000000000
  RBP: ffffa14e01d6fcd0 R08: ffff8b89ca7d40f8 R09: 0000000000000000
  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000006422f7 R12: 0000000000000000
  R13: ffff8b89d9617000 R14: ffff8b89bee84000 R15: ffffa14e01d6fdb8
  FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8b8a1f1c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
  CR2: 00007f93b1fc175b CR3: 000000016100a000 CR4: 0000000000340ea0
  Call Trace:
    shrink_node+0x1e5/0x6c0
    balance_pgdat+0x32d/0x5f0
    kswapd+0x1d7/0x3d0
    kthread+0x11c/0x160
    ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30

This happens when parent_usage == siblings_protected.

We check that usage is bigger than protected, which should imply
parent_usage being bigger than siblings_protected.  However, we don't
read (or even update) these values atomically, and they can be out of
sync as the memory state changes under us.  A bit of fluctuation around
the target protection isn't a big deal, but we need to handle the div0
case.

Check the parent state explicitly to make sure we have a reasonable
positive value for the divisor.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200615140658.601684-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Fixes: 8a931f80 ("mm: memcontrol: recursive memory.low protection")
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NChris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Convert comments that reference mmap_sem to reference mmap_lock instead.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up linux-next leftovers]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/lockaphore/lock/, per Vlastimil]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: more linux-next fixups, per Michel]
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200520052908.204642-13-walken@google.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This change converts the existing mmap_sem rwsem calls to use the new mmap
locking API instead.

The change is generated using coccinelle with the following rule:

// spatch --sp-file mmap_lock_api.cocci --in-place --include-headers --dir .

@@
expression mm;
@@
(
-init_rwsem
+mmap_init_lock
|
-down_write
+mmap_write_lock
|
-down_write_killable
+mmap_write_lock_killable
|
-down_write_trylock
+mmap_write_trylock
|
-up_write
+mmap_write_unlock
|
-downgrade_write
+mmap_write_downgrade
|
-down_read
+mmap_read_lock
|
-down_read_killable
+mmap_read_lock_killable
|
-down_read_trylock
+mmap_read_trylock
|
-up_read
+mmap_read_unlock
)
-(&mm->mmap_sem)
+(mm)
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: NLaurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200520052908.204642-5-walken@google.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There are some typos in comment, fix them.

s/responsiblity/responsibility
s/oflline/offline
Signed-off-by: NEthon Paul <ethp@qq.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200411064246.15781-1-ethp@qq.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently, scan pressure between the anon and file LRU lists is balanced
based on a mixture of reclaim efficiency and a somewhat vague notion of
"value" of having certain pages in memory over others.  That concept of
value is problematic, because it has caused us to count any event that
remotely makes one LRU list more or less preferrable for reclaim, even
when these events are not directly comparable and impose very different
costs on the system.  One example is referenced file pages that we still
deactivate and referenced anonymous pages that we actually rotate back to
the head of the list.

There is also conceptual overlap with the LRU algorithm itself.  By
rotating recently used pages instead of reclaiming them, the algorithm
already biases the applied scan pressure based on page value.  Thus, when
rebalancing scan pressure due to rotations, we should think of reclaim
cost, and leave assessing the page value to the LRU algorithm.

Lastly, considering both value-increasing as well as value-decreasing
events can sometimes cause the same type of event to be counted twice,
i.e.  how rotating a page increases the LRU value, while reclaiming it
succesfully decreases the value.  In itself this will balance out fine,
but it quietly skews the impact of events that are only recorded once.

The abstract metric of "value", the murky relationship with the LRU
algorithm, and accounting both negative and positive events make the
current pressure balancing model hard to reason about and modify.

This patch switches to a balancing model of accounting the concrete,
actually observed cost of reclaiming one LRU over another.  For now, that
cost includes pages that are scanned but rotated back to the list head.
Subsequent patches will add consideration for IO caused by refaulting of
recently evicted pages.

Replace struct zone_reclaim_stat with two cost counters in the lruvec, and
make everything that affects cost go through a new lru_note_cost()
function.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200520232525.798933-9-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The previous patches have simplified the access rules around
page->mem_cgroup somewhat:

1. We never change page->mem_cgroup while the page is isolated by
   somebody else.  This was by far the biggest exception to our rules and
   it didn't stop at lock_page() or lock_page_memcg().

2. We charge pages before they get put into page tables now, so the
   somewhat fishy rule about "can be in page table as long as it's still
   locked" is now gone and boiled down to having an exclusive reference to
   the page.

Document the new rules.  Any of the following will stabilize the
page->mem_cgroup association:

- the page lock
- LRU isolation
- lock_page_memcg()
- exclusive access to the page
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-20-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Swapin faults were the last event to charge pages after they had already
been put on the LRU list.  Now that we charge directly on swapin, the
lrucare portion of the charge code is unused.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-19-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Without swap page tracking, users that are otherwise memory controlled can
easily escape their containment and allocate significant amounts of memory
that they're not being charged for.  That's because swap does readahead,
but without the cgroup records of who owned the page at swapout, readahead
pages don't get charged until somebody actually faults them into their
page table and we can identify an owner task.  This can be maliciously
exploited with MADV_WILLNEED, which triggers arbitrary readahead
allocations without charging the pages.

Make swap swap page tracking an integral part of memcg and remove the
Kconfig options.  In the first place, it was only made configurable to
allow users to save some memory.  But the overhead of tracking cgroup
ownership per swap page is minimal - 2 byte per page, or 512k per 1G of
swap, or 0.04%.  Saving that at the expense of broken containment
semantics is not something we should present as a coequal option.

The swapaccount=0 boot option will continue to exist, and it will
eliminate the page_counter overhead and hide the swap control files, but
it won't disable swap slot ownership tracking.

This patch makes sure we always have the cgroup records at swapin time;
the next patch will fix the actual bug by charging readahead swap pages at
swapin time rather than at fault time.

v2: fix double swap charge bug in cgroup1/cgroup2 code gating

[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix crash with cgroup_disable=memory]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200521215855.GB815153@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-16-hannes@cmpxchg.orgDebugged-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Debugged-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

A few cleanups to streamline the swap controller setup:

- Replace the do_swap_account flag with cgroup_memory_noswap. This
  brings it in line with other functionality that is usually available
  unless explicitly opted out of - nosocket, nokmem.

- Remove the really_do_swap_account flag that stores the boot option
  and is later used to switch the do_swap_account. It's not clear why
  this indirection is/was necessary. Use do_swap_account directly.

- Minor coding style polishing
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-15-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There are no more users. RIP in peace.

[arnd@arndb.de: fix an unused-function warning]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200528095640.151454-1-arnd@arndb.deSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-14-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

With rmap memcg locking already in place for NR_ANON_MAPPED, it's just a
small step to remove the MEMCG_RSS_HUGE wart and switch memcg to the
native NR_ANON_THPS accounting sites.

[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fixes]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200512121750.GA397968@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Tested-by: NNaresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>	[build-tested]
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-12-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Memcg maintains a private MEMCG_RSS counter.  This divergence from the
generic VM accounting means unnecessary code overhead, and creates a
dependency for memcg that page->mapping is set up at the time of charging,
so that page types can be told apart.

Convert the generic accounting sites to mod_lruvec_page_state and friends
to maintain the per-cgroup vmstat counter of NR_ANON_MAPPED.  We use
lock_page_memcg() to stabilize page->mem_cgroup during rmap changes, the
same way we do for NR_FILE_MAPPED.

With the previous patch removing MEMCG_CACHE and the private NR_SHMEM
counter, this patch finally eliminates the need to have page->mapping set
up at charge time.  However, we need to have page->mem_cgroup set up by
the time rmap runs and does the accounting, so switch the commit and the
rmap callbacks around.

v2: fix temporary accounting bug by switching rmap<->commit (Joonsoo)
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-11-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Memcg maintains private MEMCG_CACHE and NR_SHMEM counters.  This
divergence from the generic VM accounting means unnecessary code overhead,
and creates a dependency for memcg that page->mapping is set up at the
time of charging, so that page types can be told apart.

Convert the generic accounting sites to mod_lruvec_page_state and friends
to maintain the per-cgroup vmstat counters of NR_FILE_PAGES and NR_SHMEM.
The page is already locked in these places, so page->mem_cgroup is stable;
we only need minimal tweaks of two mem_cgroup_migrate() calls to ensure
it's set up in time.

Then replace MEMCG_CACHE with NR_FILE_PAGES and delete the private
NR_SHMEM accounting sites.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-10-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Anonymous compound pages can be mapped by ptes, which means that if we
want to track NR_MAPPED_ANON, NR_ANON_THPS on a per-cgroup basis, we have
to be prepared to see tail pages in our accounting functions.

Make mod_lruvec_page_state() and lock_page_memcg() deal with tail pages
correctly, namely by redirecting to the head page which has the
page->mem_cgroup set up.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-9-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When memcg uses the generic vmstat counters, it doesn't need to do
anything at charging and uncharging time.  It does, however, need to
migrate counts when pages move to a different cgroup in move_account.

Prepare the move_account function for the arrival of NR_FILE_PAGES,
NR_ANON_MAPPED, NR_ANON_THPS etc.  by having a branch for files and a
branch for anon, which can then divided into sub-branches.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-8-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The uncharge batching code adds up the anon, file, kmem counts to
determine the total number of pages to uncharge and references to drop.
But the next patches will remove the anon and file counters.

Maintain an aggregate nr_pages in the uncharge_gather struct.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-7-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The try/commit/cancel protocol that memcg uses dates back to when pages
used to be uncharged upon removal from the page cache, and thus couldn't
be committed before the insertion had succeeded.  Nowadays, pages are
uncharged when they are physically freed; it doesn't matter whether the
insertion was successful or not.  For the page cache, the transaction
dance has become unnecessary.

Introduce a mem_cgroup_charge() function that simply charges a newly
allocated page to a cgroup and sets up page->mem_cgroup in one single
step.  If the insertion fails, the caller doesn't have to do anything but
free/put the page.

Then switch the page cache over to this new API.

Subsequent patches will also convert anon pages, but it needs a bit more
prep work.  Right now, memcg depends on page->mapping being already set up
at the time of charging, so that it can maintain its own MEMCG_CACHE and
MEMCG_RSS counters.  For anon, page->mapping is set under the same pte
lock under which the page is publishd, so a single charge point that can
block doesn't work there just yet.

The following prep patches will replace the private memcg counters with
the generic vmstat counters, thus removing the page->mapping dependency,
then complete the transition to the new single-point charge API and delete
the old transactional scheme.

v2: leave shmem swapcache when charging fails to avoid double IO (Joonsoo)
v3: rebase on preceeding shmem simplification patch
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-6-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The cgroup swaprate throttling is about matching new anon allocations to
the rate of available IO when that is being throttled.  It's the io
controller hooking into the VM, rather than a memory controller thing.

Rename mem_cgroup_throttle_swaprate() to cgroup_throttle_swaprate(), and
drop the @memcg argument which is only used to check whether the preceding
page charge has succeeded and the fault is proceeding.

We could decouple the call from mem_cgroup_try_charge() here as well, but
that would cause unnecessary churn: the following patches convert all
callsites to a new charge API and we'll decouple as we go along.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-5-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The memcg charging API carries a boolean @compound parameter that tells
whether the page we're dealing with is a hugepage.
mem_cgroup_commit_charge() has another boolean @lrucare that indicates
whether the page needs LRU locking or not while charging.  The majority of
callsites know those parameters at compile time, which results in a lot of
naked "false, false" argument lists.  This makes for cryptic code and is a
breeding ground for subtle mistakes.

Thankfully, the huge page state can be inferred from the page itself and
doesn't need to be passed along.  This is safe because charging completes
before the page is published and somebody may split it.

Simplify the callsites by removing @compound, and let memcg infer the
state by using hpage_nr_pages() unconditionally.  That function does
PageTransHuge() to identify huge pages, which also helpfully asserts that
nobody passes in tail pages by accident.

The following patches will introduce a new charging API, best not to carry
over unnecessary weight.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-4-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The move_lock is a per-memcg lock, but the VM accounting code that needs
to acquire it comes from the page and follows page->mem_cgroup under RCU
protection.  That means that the page becomes unlocked not when we drop
the move_lock, but when we update page->mem_cgroup.  And that assignment
doesn't imply any memory ordering.  If that pointer write gets reordered
against the reads of the page state - page_mapped, PageDirty etc.  the
state may change while we rely on it being stable and we can end up
corrupting the counters.

Place an SMP memory barrier to make sure we're done with all page state by
the time the new page->mem_cgroup becomes visible.

Also replace the open-coded move_lock with a lock_page_memcg() to make it
more obvious what we're serializing against.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-3-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently reading memory.numa_stat traverses the underlying memcg tree
multiple times to accumulate the stats to present the hierarchical view of
the memcg tree.  However the kernel already maintains the hierarchical
view of the stats and use it in memory.stat.  Just use the same mechanism
in memory.numa_stat as well.

I ran a simple benchmark which reads root_mem_cgroup's memory.numa_stat
file in the presense of 10000 memcgs.  The results are:

Without the patch:
$ time cat /dev/cgroup/memory/memory.numa_stat > /dev/null

real    0m0.700s
user    0m0.001s
sys     0m0.697s

With the patch:
$ time cat /dev/cgroup/memory/memory.numa_stat > /dev/null

real    0m0.001s
user    0m0.001s
sys     0m0.000s

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: avoid forcing out-of-line code generation]
Signed-off-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200304022058.248270-1-shakeelb@google.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

While trying to use remote memcg charging in an out-of-tree kernel
module I found it's not working, because the current thread is a
workqueue thread.

As we will probably encounter this issue in the future as the users of
memalloc_use_memcg() grow, and it's nothing wrong for this usage, it's
better we fix it now.
Signed-off-by: NZefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1d202a12-26fe-0012-ea14-f025ddcd044a@huawei.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add a memory.swap.high knob, which can be used to protect the system
from SWAP exhaustion.  The mechanism used for penalizing is similar to
memory.high penalty (sleep on return to user space).

That is not to say that the knob itself is equivalent to memory.high.
The objective is more to protect the system from potentially buggy tasks
consuming a lot of swap and impacting other tasks, or even bringing the
whole system to stand still with complete SWAP exhaustion.  Hopefully
without the need to find per-task hard limits.

Slowing misbehaving tasks down gradually allows user space oom killers
or other protection mechanisms to react.  oomd and earlyoom already do
killing based on swap exhaustion, and memory.swap.high protection will
help implement such userspace oom policies more reliably.

We can use one counter for number of pages allocated under pressure to
save struct task space and avoid two separate hierarchy walks on the hot
path.  The exact overage is calculated on return to user space, anyway.

Take the new high limit into account when determining if swap is "full".
Borrowing the explanation from Johannes:

  The idea behind "swap full" is that as long as the workload has plenty
  of swap space available and it's not changing its memory contents, it
  makes sense to generously hold on to copies of data in the swap device,
  even after the swapin.  A later reclaim cycle can drop the page without
  any IO.  Trading disk space for IO.

  But the only two ways to reclaim a swap slot is when they're faulted
  in and the references go away, or by scanning the virtual address space
  like swapoff does - which is very expensive (one could argue it's too
  expensive even for swapoff, it's often more practical to just reboot).

  So at some point in the fill level, we have to start freeing up swap
  slots on fault/swapin.  Otherwise we could eventually run out of swap
  slots while they're filled with copies of data that is also in RAM.

  We don't want to OOM a workload because its available swap space is
  filled with redundant cache.
Signed-off-by: NJakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-5-kuba@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

High memory limit is currently recorded directly in struct mem_cgroup.
We are about to add a high limit for swap, move the field to struct
page_counter and add some helpers.
Signed-off-by: NJakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-4-kuba@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We will want to call calculate_high_delay() twice - once for memory and
once for swap, and we should apply the clamp value to sum of the
penalties.  Clamping has to be applied outside of calculate_high_delay().
Signed-off-by: NJakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-3-kuba@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "memcg: Slow down swap allocation as the available space
gets depleted", v6.

Tejun describes the problem as follows:

When swap runs out, there's an abrupt change in system behavior - the
anonymous memory suddenly becomes unmanageable which readily breaks any
sort of memory isolation and can bring down the whole system.  To avoid
that, oomd [1] monitors free swap space and triggers kills when it drops
below the specific threshold (e.g.  15%).

While this works, it's far from ideal:

 - Depending on IO performance and total swap size, a given
   headroom might not be enough or too much.

 - oomd has to monitor swap depletion in addition to the usual
   pressure metrics and it currently doesn't consider memory.swap.max.

Solve this by adapting parts of the approach that memory.high uses -
slow down allocation as the resource gets depleted turning the depletion
behavior from abrupt cliff one to gradual degradation observable through
memory pressure metric.

[1] https://github.com/facebookincubator/oomd

This patch (of 4):

Slice the memory overage calculation logic a little bit so we can reuse
it to apply a similar penalty to the swap.  The logic which accesses the
memory-specific fields (use and high values) has to be taken out of
calculate_high_delay().
Signed-off-by: NJakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-1-kuba@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-2-kuba@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

One way to measure the efficiency of memory reclaim is to look at the
ratio (pgscan+pfrefill)/pgsteal.  However at the moment these stats are
not updated consistently at the system level and the ratio of these are
not very meaningful.  The pgsteal and pgscan are updated for only global
reclaim while pgrefill gets updated for global as well as cgroup
reclaim.

Please note that this difference is only for system level vmstats.  The
cgroup stats returned by memory.stat are actually consistent.  The
cgroup's pgsteal contains number of reclaimed pages for global as well
as cgroup reclaim.  So, one way to get the system level stats is to get
these stats from root's memory.stat, so, expose memory.stat for the root
cgroup.

From Johannes Weiner:
	There are subtle differences between /proc/vmstat and
	memory.stat, and cgroup-aware code that wants to watch the full
	hierarchy currently has to know about these intricacies and
	translate semantics back and forth.

	Generally having the fully recursive memory.stat at the root
	level could help a broader range of usecases.

Why not fix the stats by including both the global and cgroup reclaim
activity instead of exposing root cgroup's memory.stat? The reason is
the benefit of having metrics exposing the activity that happens purely
due to machine capacity rather than localized activity that happens due
to the limits throughout the cgroup tree.  Additionally there are
userspace tools like sysstat(sar) which reads these stats to inform
about the system level reclaim activity.  So, we should not break such
use-cases.
Suggested-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NYafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NChris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508170630.94406-1-shakeelb@google.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When the variables count and limit have the same value(count == limit),
the result of min(margin, limit - count) statement should be 0 and the
variable margin is set to 0.  So in this case, the min() statement is
not necessary and we can directly set the variable margin to 0.
Signed-off-by: NKaixu Xia <kaixuxia@tencent.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1587479661-27237-1-git-send-email-kaixuxia@tencent.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There's a new workingset counter introduced in commit 1899ad18 ("mm:
workingset: tell cache transitions from workingset thrashing").  With
the help of this counter we can know the workingset is transitioning or
thrashing.  To leverage the benifit of this counter to memcg, we should
introduce it into memory.stat.  Then we could know the workingset of the
workload inside a memcg better.

Bellow is the verification of this new counter in memory.stat.  Read a
file into the memory and then read it again to make these pages be
active.  The size of this file is 1G.  (memory.max is greater than file
size) The counters in memory.stat will be

	inactive_file 0
	active_file 1073639424

	workingset_refault 0
	workingset_activate 0
	workingset_restore 0
	workingset_nodereclaim 0

Trigger the memcg reclaim by setting a lower value to memory.high, and
then some pages will be demoted into inactive list, and then some pages
in the inactive list will be evicted into the storage.

	inactive_file 498094080
	active_file 310063104

	workingset_refault 0
	workingset_activate 0
	workingset_restore 0
	workingset_nodereclaim 0

Then recover the memory.high and read the file into memory again.  As a
result of it, the transitioning will occur.  Bellow is the result of
this transitioning,

	inactive_file 498094080
	active_file 575397888

	workingset_refault 64746
	workingset_activate 64746
	workingset_restore 64746
	workingset_nodereclaim 0
Signed-off-by: NYafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NChris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200504153522.11553-1-laoar.shao@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

After an NFS page has been written it is considered "unstable" until a
COMMIT request succeeds.  If the COMMIT fails, the page will be
re-written.

These "unstable" pages are currently accounted as "reclaimable", either
in WB_RECLAIMABLE, or in NR_UNSTABLE_NFS which is included in a
'reclaimable' count.  This might have made sense when sending the COMMIT
required a separate action by the VFS/MM (e.g.  releasepage() used to
send a COMMIT).  However now that all writes generated by ->writepages()
will automatically be followed by a COMMIT (since commit 919e3bd9
("NFS: Ensure we commit after writeback is complete")) it makes more
sense to treat them as writeback pages.

So this patch removes NR_UNSTABLE_NFS and accounts unstable pages in
NR_WRITEBACK and WB_WRITEBACK.

A particular effect of this change is that when
wb_check_background_flush() calls wb_over_bg_threshold(), the latter
will report 'true' a lot less often as the 'unstable' pages are no
longer considered 'dirty' (as there is nothing that writeback can do
about them anyway).

Currently wb_check_background_flush() will trigger writeback to NFS even
when there are relatively few dirty pages (if there are lots of unstable
pages), this can result in small writes going to the server (10s of
Kilobytes rather than a Megabyte) which hurts throughput.  With this
patch, there are fewer writes which are each larger on average.

Where the NR_UNSTABLE_NFS count was included in statistics
virtual-files, the entry is retained, but the value is hard-coded as
zero.  static trace points and warning printks which mentioned this
counter no longer report it.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: re-layout comment]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk warning]
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: NTrond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>	[mm]
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87d06j7gqa.fsf@notabene.neil.brown.nameSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When I run my memcg testcase which creates lots of memcgs, I found
there're unexpected out of memory logs while there're still enough
available free memory.  The error log is

  mkdir: cannot create directory 'foo.65533': Cannot allocate memory

The reason is when we try to create more than MEM_CGROUP_ID_MAX memcgs,
an -ENOMEM errno will be set by mem_cgroup_css_alloc(), but the right
errno should be -ENOSPC "No space left on device", which is an
appropriate errno for userspace's failed mkdir.

As the errno really misled me, we should make it right.  After this
patch, the error log will be

  mkdir: cannot create directory 'foo.65533': No space left on device

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/EBUSY/ENOSPC/, per Michal]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/EBUSY/ENOSPC/, per Michal]
Fixes: 73f576c0 ("mm: memcontrol: fix cgroup creation failure after many small jobs")
Suggested-by: NMatthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NYafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200407063621.GA18914@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1586192163-20099-1-git-send-email-laoar.shao@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If a cgroup violates its memory.high constraints, we may end up unduly
penalising it.  For example, for the following hierarchy:

  A:   max high, 20 usage
  A/B: 9 high, 10 usage
  A/C: max high, 10 usage

We would end up doing the following calculation below when calculating
high delay for A/B:

  A/B: 10 - 9 = 1...
  A:   20 - PAGE_COUNTER_MAX = 21, so set max_overage to 21.

This gets worse with higher disparities in usage in the parent.

I have no idea how this disappeared from the final version of the patch,
but it is certainly Not Good(tm).  This wasn't obvious in testing because,
for a simple cgroup hierarchy with only one child, the result is usually
roughly the same.  It's only in more complex hierarchies that things go
really awry (although still, the effects are limited to a maximum of 2
seconds in schedule_timeout_killable at a maximum).

[chris@chrisdown.name: changelog]
Fixes: e26733e0 ("mm, memcg: throttle allocators based on ancestral memory.high")
Signed-off-by: NJakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NChris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[5.4.x]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200331152424.GA1019937@chrisdown.nameSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Convert the various /* fallthrough */ comments to the pseudo-keyword
fallthrough;

Done via script:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/b56602fcf79f849e733e7b521bb0e17895d390fa.1582230379.git.joe@perches.com/Signed-off-by: NJoe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NGustavo A. R. Silva <gustavo@embeddedor.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f62fea5d10eb0ccfc05d87c242a620c261219b66.camel@perches.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The root of the hierarchy cannot have high set, so we will never reclaim
based on it.  This makes that clearer and avoids another entry.
Signed-off-by: NChris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200312164137.GA1753625@chrisdown.nameSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If a task is getting moved out of the OOMing cgroup, it might result in
unexpected OOM killings if memory.oom.group is used anywhere in the cgroup
tree.

Imagine the following example:

          A (oom.group = 1)
         / \
  (OOM) B   C

Let's say B's memory.max is exceeded and it's OOMing.  The OOM killer
selects a task in B as a victim, but someone asynchronously moves the task
into C.  mem_cgroup_get_oom_group() will iterate over all ancestors of C
up to the root cgroup.  In theory it had to stop at the oom_domain level -
the memory cgroup which is OOMing.  But because B is not an ancestor of C,
it's not happening.  Instead it chooses A (because it's oom.group is set),
and kills all tasks in A.  This behavior is wrong because the OOM happened
in B, so there is no reason to kill anything outside.

Fix this by checking it the memory cgroup to which the task belongs is a
descendant of the oom_domain.  If not, memory.oom.group should be ignored,
and the OOM killer should kill only the victim task.
Reported-by: NDan Schatzberg <dschatzberg@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200316223510.3176148-1-guro@fb.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>