Due to a switched left and right side of an assignment,
dquot_writeback_dquots() never returned error. This could result in
errors during quota writeback to not be reported to userspace properly.
Fix it.

CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Coverity-id: 1226884
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Percpu allocator now supports allocation mask.  Add @gfp to
percpu_counter_init() so that !GFP_KERNEL allocation masks can be used
with percpu_counters too.

We could have left percpu_counter_init() alone and added
percpu_counter_init_gfp(); however, the number of users isn't that
high and introducing _gfp variants to all percpu data structures would
be quite ugly, so let's just do the conversion.  This is the one with
the most users.  Other percpu data structures are a lot easier to
convert.

This patch doesn't make any functional difference.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: N"David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

type and id were removed and qid added to quota_send_warning in commit

431f1974
("userns: Convert quota netlink aka quota_send_warning")

Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NFabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Remove dqptr_sem to make quota code scalable: Remove the dqptr_sem,
accessing inode->i_dquot now protected by dquot_srcu, and changing
inode->i_dquot is now serialized by dq_data_lock.
Signed-off-by: NLai Siyao <lai.siyao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNiu Yawei <yawei.niu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Simplify the remove_inode_dquot_ref() to make it more obvious
that now we keep one reference for each dquot from inodes.
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NNiu Yawei <yawei.niu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Avoid unnecessary dqget()/dqput() calls in __dquot_initialize(),
that will introduce global lock contention otherwise.
Signed-off-by: NLai Siyao <lai.siyao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNiu Yawei <yawei.niu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

dqptr_sem will go away. Protect Q_GETFMT quotactl by
dqonoff_mutex instead. This is also enough to make sure
quota info will not go away while we are looking at it.
Signed-off-by: NLai Siyao <lai.siyao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNiu Yawei <yawei.niu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Commit 1ab6c499 (fs: convert fs shrinkers to new scan/count API)
accidentally removed locking from quota shrinker. Fix it -
dqcache_shrink_scan() should use dq_list_lock to protect the
scan on free_dquots list.

CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 1ab6c499Signed-off-by: NNiu Yawei <yawei.niu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

The Q_XQUOTARM quotactl was not working properly, because
we weren't passing around proper flags.  The xfs_fs_set_xstate()
ioctl handler used the same flags for Q_XQUOTAON/OFF as
well as for Q_XQUOTARM, but Q_XQUOTAON/OFF look for
XFS_UQUOTA_ACCT, XFS_UQUOTA_ENFD, XFS_GQUOTA_ACCT etc,
i.e. quota type + state, while Q_XQUOTARM looks only for
the type of quota, i.e. XFS_DQ_USER, XFS_DQ_GROUP etc.

Unfortunately these flag spaces overlap a bit, so we
got semi-random results for Q_XQUOTARM; i.e. the value
for XFS_DQ_USER == XFS_UQUOTA_ACCT, etc.  yeargh.

Add a new quotactl op vector specifically for the QUOTARM
operation, since it operates with a different flag space.

This has been broken more or less forever, AFAICT.
Signed-off-by: NEric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NDave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>

Provide dqgrab() function to get quota structure reference when we are
sure it already has at least one active reference.  Make use of this
function inside quota code.
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NMark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: NSrinivas Eeda <srinivas.eeda@oracle.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Update Kconfig with a complete list of supported filesystems.
Signed-off-by: NFabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Currently last dqput() can race with dquot_scan_active() causing it to
call callback for an already deactivated dquot. The race is as follows:

CPU1					CPU2
  dqput()
    spin_lock(&dq_list_lock);
    if (atomic_read(&dquot->dq_count) > 1) {
     - not taken
    if (test_bit(DQ_ACTIVE_B, &dquot->dq_flags)) {
      spin_unlock(&dq_list_lock);
      ->release_dquot(dquot);
        if (atomic_read(&dquot->dq_count) > 1)
         - not taken
					  dquot_scan_active()
					    spin_lock(&dq_list_lock);
					    if (!test_bit(DQ_ACTIVE_B, &dquot->dq_flags))
					     - not taken
					    atomic_inc(&dquot->dq_count);
					    spin_unlock(&dq_list_lock);
        - proceeds to release dquot
					    ret = fn(dquot, priv);
					     - called for inactive dquot

Fix the problem by making sure possible ->release_dquot() is finished by
the time we call the callback and new calls to it will notice reference
dquot_scan_active() has taken and bail out.

CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # >= 2.6.29
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Register generic netlink multicast groups as an array with
the family and give them contiguous group IDs. Then instead
of passing the global group ID to the various functions that
send messages, pass the ID relative to the family - for most
families that's just 0 because the only have one group.

This avoids the list_head and ID in each group, adding a new
field for the mcast group ID offset to the family.

At the same time, this allows us to prevent abusing groups
again like the quota and dropmon code did, since we can now
check that a family only uses a group it owns.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This doesn't really change anything, but prepares for the
next patch that will change the APIs to pass the group ID
within the family, rather than the global group ID.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

The quota code is abusing the genetlink API and is using
its family ID as the multicast group ID, which is invalid
and may belong to somebody else (and likely will.)

Make the quota code use the correct API, but since this
is already used as-is by userspace, reserve a family ID
for this code and also reserve that group ID to not break
userspace assumptions.
Acked-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

The if_dqblk struct has a 4 byte hole at the end of the struct so
uninitialized stack information is leaked to user space.
Signed-off-by: NDan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Convert the filesystem shrinkers to use the new API, and standardise some
of the behaviours of the shrinkers at the same time.  For example,
nr_to_scan means the number of objects to scan, not the number of objects
to free.

I refactored the CIFS idmap shrinker a little - it really needs to be
broken up into a shrinker per tree and keep an item count with the tree
root so that we don't need to walk the tree every time the shrinker needs
to count the number of objects in the tree (i.e.  all the time under
memory pressure).

[glommer@openvz.org: fixes for ext4, ubifs, nfs, cifs and glock. Fixes are needed mainly due to new code merged in the tree]
[assorted fixes folded in]
Signed-off-by: NDave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NGlauber Costa <glommer@openvz.org>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: NArtem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NSteven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
Cc: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

The sysctl knob sysctl_vfs_cache_pressure is used to determine which
percentage of the shrinkable objects in our cache we should actively try
to shrink.

It works great in situations in which we have many objects (at least more
than 100), because the aproximation errors will be negligible.  But if
this is not the case, specially when total_objects < 100, we may end up
concluding that we have no objects at all (total / 100 = 0, if total <
100).

This is certainly not the biggest killer in the world, but may matter in
very low kernel memory situations.
Signed-off-by: NGlauber Costa <glommer@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: NCarlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
Cc: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

XFS now supports three types of quotas (user, group and project).

Current version of Q_XGETSTAT has support for only two types of quotas.
In order to support three types of quotas, the interface, specifically
struct fs_quota_stat, need to be expanded. Current version of fs_quota_stat
does not allow expansion without breaking backward compatibility.

So, a quotactl command and new fs_quota_stat structure need to be added.

This patch adds a new command Q_XGETQSTATV to quotactl() which takes
a new data structure fs_quota_statv. This new data structure provides
support for future expansion and backward compatibility.

Callers of the new quotactl command have to set the version of the data
structure being passed, and kernel will fill as much data as requested.
If the kernel does not support the user-space provided version, EINVAL
will be returned. User-space can reduce the version number and call the same
quotactl again.
Signed-off-by: NChandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NRich Johnston <rjohnston@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NBen Myers <bpm@sgi.com>

[v2: Applied rjohnston's suggestions as per Chandra's request. -bpm]

ext4 needs to convert allocated (metadata) blocks back into blocks
reserved for delayed allocation. Add functions into quota code for
supporting such operation.
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This typedef is unnecessary and should just be removed.
Signed-off-by: NJoe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

The bulk of __dquot_initialize runs under the dqptr_sem which
protects the inode->i_dquot pointers. It doesn't protect the
dereferenced contents, though. Those are protected by the
dq_data_lock, which is missing around the dquot_resv_space call.
Signed-off-by: NJeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

quotactl_cmd_write() is only ever invoked when BLOCK is configured. When
!CONFIG_BLOCK, the build warning below is displayed. Let's fix that.

fs/quota/quota.c:311:12: warning: ‘quotactl_cmd_write’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]

Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NLee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

getname() is intended to copy pathname strings from userspace into a
kernel buffer. The result is just a string in kernel space. It would
however be quite helpful to be able to attach some ancillary info to
the string.

For instance, we could attach some audit-related info to reduce the
amount of audit-related processing needed. When auditing is enabled,
we could also call getname() on the string more than once and not
need to recopy it from userspace.

This patchset converts the getname()/putname() interfaces to return
a struct instead of a string. For now, the struct just tracks the
string in kernel space and the original userland pointer for it.

Later, we'll add other information to the struct as it becomes
convenient.
Signed-off-by: NJeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

PRJQUOTA value of quota type should never reach need_print_warning() since XFS
(which is the only fs which uses that type) doesn't use generic functions
calling this function. Anyway, add PRJQUOTA case to the switch to make gcc
happy.
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Now that the type changes are done, here is the final set of
changes to make the quota code work when user namespaces are enabled.

Small cleanups and fixes to make the code build when user namespaces
are enabled.

Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: N"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Convert w_dq_id to be a struct kquid and remove the now unncessary
w_dq_type.

This is a simple conversion and enough other places have already
been converted that this actually reduces the code complexity
by a little bit, when removing now unnecessary type conversions.

Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: N"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Change struct dquot dq_id to a struct kqid and remove the now
unecessary dq_type.

Make minimal changes to dquot, quota_tree, quota_v1, quota_v2, ext3,
ext4, and ocfs2 to deal with the change in quota structures and
signatures.  The ocfs2 changes are larger than most because of the
extensive tracing throughout the ocfs2 quota code that prints out
dq_id.

quota_tree.c:get_index is modified to take a struct kqid instead of a
qid_t because all of it's callers pass in dquot->dq_id and it allows
me to introduce only a single conversion.

The rest of the changes are either just replacing dq_type with dq_id.type,
adding conversions to deal with the change in type and occassionally
adding qid_eq to allow quota id comparisons in a user namespace safe way.

Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca>
Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: N"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Modify dqget to take struct kqid instead of a type and an identifier
pair.

Modify the callers of dqget in ocfs2 and dquot to take generate
a struct kqid so they can continue to call dqget.  The conversion
to create struct kqid should all be the final conversions that
are needed in those code paths.

Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Modify quota_send_warning to take struct kqid instead a type and
identifier pair.

When sending netlink broadcasts always convert uids and quota
identifiers into the intial user namespace.  There is as yet no way to
send a netlink broadcast message with different contents to receivers
in different namespaces, so for the time being just map all of the
identifiers into the initial user namespace which preserves the
current behavior.

Change the callers of quota_send_warning in gfs2, xfs and dquot
to generate a struct kqid to pass to quota send warning.  When
all of the user namespaces convesions are complete a struct kqid
values will be availbe without need for conversion, but a conversion
is needed now to avoid needing to convert everything at once.

Cc: Ben Myers <bpm@sgi.com>
Cc: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Update the quotactl user space interface to successfull compile with
user namespaces support enabled and to hand off quota identifiers to
lower layers of the kernel in struct kqid instead of type and qid
pairs.

The quota on function is not converted because while it takes a quota
type and an id.  The id is the on disk quota format to use, which
is something completely different.

The signature of two struct quotactl_ops methods were changed to take
struct kqid argumetns get_dqblk and set_dqblk.

The dquot, xfs, and ocfs2 implementations of get_dqblk and set_dqblk
are minimally changed so that the code continues to work with
the change in parameter type.

This is the first in a series of changes to always store quota
identifiers in the kernel in struct kqid and only use raw type and qid
values when interacting with on disk structures or userspace.  Always
using struct kqid internally makes it hard to miss places that need
conversion to or from the kernel internal values.

Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Ben Myers <bpm@sgi.com>
Cc: Alex Elder <elder@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Add the data type struct kqid which holds the kernel internal form of
the owning identifier of a quota.  struct kqid is a replacement for
the implicit union of uid, gid and project id stored in an unsigned
int and the quota type field that is was used in the quota data
structures.  Making the data type explicit allows the kuid_t and
kgid_t type safety to propogate more thoroughly through the code,
revealing more places where uid/gid conversions need be made.

Along with the data type struct kqid comes the helper functions
qid_eq, qid_lt, from_kqid, from_kqid_munged, qid_valid, make_kqid,
make_kqid_invalid, make_kqid_uid, make_kqid_gid.

Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

sb->s_dqopt->dqptr_sem is used to serialize ops using pointers from inode to
dquots.  But for __dquot_alloc_space(), it could be safely moved down after the
default warn[] array got initialized.
Signed-off-by: NJie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Split off part of dquot_quota_sync() which writes dquots into a quota file
to a separate function. In the next patch we will use the function from
filesystems and we do not want to abuse ->quota_sync quotactl callback more
than necessary.
Acked-by: NSteven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

checkpatch.pl warns:

"WARNING: Use #include <linux/uaccess.h> instead of <asm/uaccess.h>"

Below patch fixes it.
Signed-off-by: NJie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

So far i_mutex was ranking above dqonoff_mutex and i_mutex on quota files
was special and ranking below dqonoff_mutex (and several other locks).
However there's no real need for i_mutex on quota files to be special.
IO on quota files is serialized by dqio_mutex anyway so we don't need to
take i_mutex when writing to quota files. Other places where we take i_mutex
on quota file can accomodate standard i_mutex lock ranking, we only need
to change the lock ranking to be dqonoff_mutex > i_mutex which is a matter
of changing documentation because there's no place which would enforce
ordering in the other direction.
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

When CONFIG_QUOTA_DEBUG is enabled we call inode_get_rsv_space() from
add_dquot_ref() while holding i_lock. But inode_get_rsv_space() is trying
to get i_lock as well resulting in double lock.

Fix the problem by moving inode_get_rsv_space() call out of i_lock.
Reported-and-analyzed-by: NJie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

dqptr_sem can be called from slab reclaim. tty layer uses GFP_KERNEL mask for
allocation so it can end up calling slab reclaim. Given quota code can call
into tty layer to print warning this creates possibility for lock inversion
between tty->atomic_write_lock and dqptr_sem.

Using direct printing of warnings from quota layer is obsolete but since it's
easy enough to change quota code to not hold any locks when printing warnings,
let's just do it. It seems like a good thing to do even when we use netlink
layer to transmit warnings to userspace.
Reported-by: NMarkus <M4rkusXXL@web.de>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Now that XFS takes quota reservations into account there is no need to flush
anything before reporting quotas - in addition to beeing fully transactional
all quota information is also 100% coherent with the rest of the filesystem
now.
Reviewed-by: NDave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NBen Myers <bpm@sgi.com>