This organizes the list a bit, plus reduces future conflicts (if people
remember to insert new options alphabetically that is).

Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Introduce a 'COMPAT_32' helper config value for 'X86_32 || IA32_EMULATION'
and use it.

Also move some selects to this new option, to remove more selects from
the generic X86 section.
Reported-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Move a 'if IA32_EMULATION' select from the generic X86 section
to the IA32_EMULATION option.
Reported-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Move the pkeys selects from the generic x86 config section to
the X86_INTEL_MEMORY_PROTECTION_KEYS section.
Reported-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

These are easier to read when they come next to the X86_64 config.

Note that all remaining 'if X86_64' config options in the generic
section are in principle suitable for activation on 32-bit, but have
not been ported yet.
Reported-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

These are easier to read when they come next to the X86_32 config.
Reported-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Pull networking fixes from David Miller:

 1) Fix off by one wrt. indexing when dumping /proc/net/route entries,
    from Alexander Duyck.

 2) Fix lockdep splats in iwlwifi, from Johannes Berg.

 3) Cure panic when inserting certain netfilter rules when NFT_SET_HASH
    is disabled, from Liping Zhang.

 4) Memory leak when nft_expr_clone() fails, also from Liping Zhang.

 5) Disable UFO when path will apply IPSEC tranformations, from Jakub
    Sitnicki.

 6) Don't bogusly double cwnd in dctcp module, from Florian Westphal.

 7) skb_checksum_help() should never actually use the value "0" for the
    resulting checksum, that has a special meaning, use CSUM_MANGLED_0
    instead. From Eric Dumazet.

 8) Per-tx/rx queue statistic strings are wrong in qed driver, fix from
    Yuval MIntz.

 9) Fix SCTP reference counting of associations and transports in
    sctp_diag. From Xin Long.

10) When we hit ip6tunnel_xmit() we could have come from an ipv4 path in
    a previous layer or similar, so explicitly clear the ipv6 control
    block in the skb. From Eli Cooper.

11) Fix bogus sleeping inside of inet_wait_for_connect(), from WANG
    Cong.

12) Correct deivce ID of T6 adapter in cxgb4 driver, from Hariprasad
    Shenai.

13) Fix potential access past the end of the skb page frag array in
    tcp_sendmsg(). From Eric Dumazet.

14) 'skb' can legitimately be NULL in inet{,6}_exact_dif_match(). Fix
    from David Ahern.

15) Don't return an error in tcp_sendmsg() if we wronte any bytes
    successfully, from Eric Dumazet.

16) Extraneous unlocks in netlink_diag_dump(), we removed the locking
    but forgot to purge these unlock calls. From Eric Dumazet.

17) Fix memory leak in error path of __genl_register_family(). We leak
    the attrbuf, from WANG Cong.

18) cgroupstats netlink policy table is mis-sized, from WANG Cong.

19) Several XDP bug fixes in mlx5, from Saeed Mahameed.

20) Fix several device refcount leaks in network drivers, from Johan
    Hovold.

21) icmp6_send() should use skb dst device not skb->dev to determine L3
    routing domain. From David Ahern.

22) ip_vs_genl_family sets maxattr incorrectly, from WANG Cong.

23) We leak new macvlan port in some cases of maclan_common_netlink()
    errors. Fix from Gao Feng.

24) Similar to the icmp6_send() fix, icmp_route_lookup() should
    determine L3 routing domain using skb_dst(skb)->dev not skb->dev.
    Also from David Ahern.

25) Several fixes for route offloading and FIB notification handling in
    mlxsw driver, from Jiri Pirko.

26) Properly cap __skb_flow_dissect()'s return value, from Eric Dumazet.

27) Fix long standing regression in ipv4 redirect handling, wrt.
    validating the new neighbour's reachability. From Stephen Suryaputra
    Lin.

28) If sk_filter() trims the packet excessively, handle it reasonably in
    tcp input instead of exploding. From Eric Dumazet.

29) Fix handling of napi hash state when copying channels in sfc driver,
    from Bert Kenward.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (121 commits)
  mlxsw: spectrum_router: Flush FIB tables during fini
  net: stmmac: Fix lack of link transition for fixed PHYs
  sctp: change sk state only when it has assocs in sctp_shutdown
  bnx2: Wait for in-flight DMA to complete at probe stage
  Revert "bnx2: Reset device during driver initialization"
  ps3_gelic: fix spelling mistake in debug message
  net: ethernet: ixp4xx_eth: fix spelling mistake in debug message
  ibmvnic: Fix size of debugfs name buffer
  ibmvnic: Unmap ibmvnic_statistics structure
  sfc: clear napi_hash state when copying channels
  mlxsw: spectrum_router: Correctly dump neighbour activity
  mlxsw: spectrum: Fix refcount bug on span entries
  bnxt_en: Fix VF virtual link state.
  bnxt_en: Fix ring arithmetic in bnxt_setup_tc().
  Revert "include/uapi/linux/atm_zatm.h: include linux/time.h"
  tcp: take care of truncations done by sk_filter()
  ipv4: use new_gw for redirect neigh lookup
  r8152: Fix error path in open function
  net: bpqether.h: remove if_ether.h guard
  net: __skb_flow_dissect() must cap its return value
  ...

Pull arch/tile bugfix from Chris Metcalf:
 "This just fixes an incompatibility with tile __ro_after_init"

* 'stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile:
  tile: handle __ro_after_init like parisc does

Pull RTC fixes from Alexandre Belloni:
 "Here are a few driver fixes for 4.9. It has been calm for a while so I
  don't expect more for this cycle.

  Drivers:
   - asm9260: fix module autoload
   - cmos: fix crashes
   - omap: fix clock handling"

* tag 'rtc-4.9-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/abelloni/linux:
  rtc: omap: prevent disabling of clock/module during suspend
  rtc: omap: Fix selecting external osc
  rtc: cmos: Don't enable interrupts in the middle of the interrupt handler
  rtc: cmos: remove all __exit_p annotations
  rtc: asm9260: fix module autoload

The tile architecture already marks RO_DATA as read-only in
the kernel, so grouping RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA with RO_DATA, as is
done by default, means the kernel faults in init when it tries
to write to RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA.  For now, just arrange that
__ro_after_init is handled like __write_once, i.e. __read_mostly.
Reviewed-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NChris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>

Since commit b45f64d1 ("mlxsw: spectrum_router: Use FIB notifications
instead of switchdev calls") we reflect to the device the entire FIB
table and not only FIBs that point to netdevs created by the driver.

During module removal, FIBs of the second type are removed following
NETDEV_UNREGISTER events sent. The other FIBs are still present in both
the driver's cache and the device's table.

Fix this by iterating over all the FIB tables in the device and flush
them. There's no need to take locks, as we're the only writer.

Fixes: b45f64d1 ("mlxsw: spectrum_router: Use FIB notifications instead of switchdev calls")
Signed-off-by: NIdo Schimmel <idosch@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Pirko <jiri@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Commit 52f95bbf ("stmmac: fix adjust link call in case of a switch
is attached") added some logic to avoid polling the fixed PHY and
therefore invoking the adjust_link callback more than once, since this
is a fixed PHY and link events won't be generated.

This works fine the first time, because we start with phydev->irq =
PHY_POLL, so we call adjust_link, then we set phydev->irq =
PHY_IGNORE_INTERRUPT and we stop polling the PHY.

Now, if we called ndo_close(), which calls both phy_stop() and does an
explicit netif_carrier_off(), we end up with a link down. Upon calling
ndo_open() again, despite starting the PHY state machine, we have
PHY_IGNORE_INTERRUPT set, and we generate no link event at all, so the
link is permanently down.

Fixes: 52f95bbf ("stmmac: fix adjust link call in case of a switch is attached")
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NGiuseppe Cavallaro <peppe.cavallaro@st.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Now when users shutdown a sock with SEND_SHUTDOWN in sctp, even if
this sock has no connection (assoc), sk state would be changed to
SCTP_SS_CLOSING, which is not as we expect.

Besides, after that if users try to listen on this sock, kernel
could even panic when it dereference sctp_sk(sk)->bind_hash in
sctp_inet_listen, as bind_hash is null when sock has no assoc.

This patch is to move sk state change after checking sk assocs
is not empty, and also merge these two if() conditions and reduce
indent level.

Fixes: d46e416c ("sctp: sctp should change socket state when shutdown is received")
Reported-by: NAndrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Tested-by: NAndrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NXin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMarcelo Ricardo Leitner <marcelo.leitner@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NNeil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Baoquan He says:

====================
bnx2: Wait for in-flight DMA to complete at probe stage

This is v2 post.

In commit 3e1be7ad ("bnx2: Reset device during driver initialization"),
firmware requesting code was moved from open stage to probe stage.
The reason is in kdump kernel hardware iommu need device be reset in
driver probe stage, otherwise those in-flight DMA from 1st kernel
will continue going and look up into the newly created io-page tables.
However bnx2 chip resetting involves firmware requesting issue, that
need be done in open stage.

Michale Chan suggested we can just wait for the old in-flight DMA to
complete at probe stage, then though without device resetting, we
don't need to worry the old in-flight DMA could continue looking up
the newly created io-page tables.

v1->v2:
    Michael suggested to wait for the in-flight DMA to complete at probe
    stage. So give up the old method of trying to reset chip at probe
    stage, take the new way accordingly.
====================
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

In-flight DMA from 1st kernel could continue going in kdump kernel.
New io-page table has been created before bnx2 does reset at open stage.
We have to wait for the in-flight DMA to complete to avoid it look up
into the newly created io-page table at probe stage.
Suggested-by: NMichael Chan <michael.chan@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: NBaoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NMichael Chan <michael.chan@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This reverts commit 3e1be7ad.

When people build bnx2 driver into kernel, it will fail to detect
and load firmware because firmware is contained in initramfs and
initramfs has not been uncompressed yet during do_initcalls. So
revert commit 3e1be7ad and work out a new way in the later patch.
Signed-off-by: NBaoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NPaul Menzel <pmenzel@molgen.mpg.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Trivial fix to spelling mistake "unmached" to "unmatched" in
debug message.
Signed-off-by: NColin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

In commit 022d00ee ("ASoC: lpass-platform: Fix broken pcm data
usage") the stream specific information initialization was broken, with
the dma channel information not being initialized if there was no
alloc_dma_channel() helper function.

Before that, the DMA channel number was implicitly initialized to zero
because the backing store was allocated with devm_kzalloc().  When the
init code was rewritten, that implicit initialization was lost, and gcc
rightfully complains about an uninitialized variable being used.

Cc: Srinivas Kandagatla <srinivas.kandagatla@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This reverts commit bfd8d3f2.

It turns out that this flushes things much too aggressiverly, and causes
lines to break up when the system logger races with new continuation
lines being printed.

There's a pending patch to make printk() flushing much more
straightforward, but it's too invasive for 4.9, so in the meantime let's
just not make the system message logging flush continuation lines.
They'll be flushed by the final newline anyway.
Suggested-by: NPetr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This file was converted to a separate module at commit 7a0786c1
("gp8psk: Fix DVB frontend attach"), because the DVB attach routines
require it to work.  However, I forgot to copy the MODULE_foo() macros
from the original module, causing this warning:

    WARNING: modpost: missing MODULE_LICENSE() in drivers/media/dvb-frontends/gp8psk-fe.o
Reported-by: NStephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Fixes: 7a0786c1 ("gp8psk: Fix DVB frontend attach")
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "Misc fixes:

   - fix an Intel/MID boot crash/hang bug

   - fix a cache topology mis-parsing bug on certain AMD CPUs

   - fix a virtualization firmware bug by adding a check+quirk
     workaround on the kernel side"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/cpu: Deal with broken firmware (VMWare/XEN)
  x86/cpu/AMD: Fix cpu_llc_id for AMD Fam17h systems
  x86/platform/intel-mid: Retrofit pci_platform_pm_ops ->get_state hook

Pull irq fix from Ingo Molnar:
 "This fixes a genirq regression that resulted in the Intel/Broxton
  pinctrl/GPIO driver (and possibly others) spewing warnings"

* 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  genirq: Use irq type from irqdata instead of irqdesc

Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "An uncore PMU driver hardware enablement change for Intel SkyLake
  uncore PMUs (Skylake Y, U, H and S platforms), plus a number of
  tooling fixes for the histogram handling/displaying code"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf/x86/intel/uncore: Add more Intel uncore IMC PCI IDs for SkyLake
  perf hists: Fix column length on --hierarchy
  perf hists browser: Fix column indentation on --hierarchy
  perf hists browser: Show folded sign properly on --hierarchy
  perf hists browser: Fix indentation of folded sign on --hierarchy
  perf hist browser: Fix hierarchy column counts

Pull EFI fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "A boot crash fix and a build warning fix"

* 'efi-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/efi: Prevent mixed mode boot corruption with CONFIG_VMAP_STACK=y
  x86/efi: Fix EFI memmap pointer size warning

Pull NTB fixes from Jon Mason:
 "NTB bug fixes for ntb_hw_intel, ntb_perf, and ntb_pingpong.

  Also, a fixup to use jiffies in schedule_timeout_* call instead of a
  constant"

* tag 'ntb-4.9' of git://github.com/jonmason/ntb:
  ntb_perf: potential info leak in debugfs
  ntb: ntb_hw_intel: init peer_addr in struct intel_ntb_dev
  ntb: make DMA_OUT_RESOURCE_TO HZ independent
  ntb_transport: make DMA_OUT_RESOURCE_TO HZ independent
  NTB: ntb_hw_intel: Fix typo in module parameter descriptions
  ntb_pingpong: Fix db_init parameter description

This is a static checker warning, not something I'm desperately
concerned about.  But snprintf() returns the number of bytes that
would have been copied if there were space.  We really care about the
number of bytes that actually were copied so we should use scnprintf()
instead.

It probably won't overrun, and in that case we may as well just use
sprintf() but these sorts of things make static checkers and code
reviewers happier.
Signed-off-by: NDan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

The peer_addr member of intel_ntb_dev is not set, therefore when
acquiring ntb_peer_db and ntb_peer_spad we only get the offset rather
than the actual physical address. Adding fix to correct that.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Acked-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

schedule_timeout_* takes a timeout in jiffies but the code currently is
passing in a constant which makes this timeout HZ dependent, so pass it
through msecs_to_jiffies() to fix this up.
Signed-off-by: NNicholas Mc Guire <hofrat@osadl.org>
Acked-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

schedule_timeout_* takes a timeout in jiffies but the code currently is
passing in a constant which makes this timeout HZ dependent, so pass it
through msecs_to_jiffies() to fix this up.
Signed-off-by: NNicholas Mc Guire <hofrat@osadl.org>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Fix typo in module parameter descriptions.
Signed-off-by: NWei Yongjun <weiyj.lk@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Fix 'db_init' parameter description.
Signed-off-by: NWei Yongjun <weiyj.lk@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Trivial fix to spelling mistake "successed" to "succeeded"
in debug message.  Also unwrap multi-line literal string.
Signed-off-by: NColin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This mistake was causing debugfs directory creation
failures when multiple ibmvnic devices were probed.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Falcon <tlfalcon@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This structure was mapped but never subsequently unmapped.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Falcon <tlfalcon@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

efx_copy_channel() doesn't correctly clear the napi_hash related state.
This means that when napi_hash_add is called for that channel nothing is
done, and we are left with a copy of the napi_hash_node from the old
channel. When we later call napi_hash_del() on this channel we have a
stale napi_hash_node.

Corruption is only seen when there are multiple entries in one of the
napi_hash lists. This is made more likely by having a very large number
of channels. Testing was carried out with 512 channels - 32 channels on
each of 16 ports.

This failure typically appears as protection faults within napi_by_id()
or napi_hash_add(). efx_copy_channel() is only used when tx or rx ring
sizes are changed (ethtool -G).

Fixes: 36763266 ("sfc: Add support for busy polling")
Signed-off-by: NBert Kenward <bkenward@solarflare.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Pull KVM fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
 "ARM fixes.  There are a couple pending x86 patches but they'll have to
  wait for next week"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic: Kick VCPUs when queueing already pending IRQs
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic: Prevent access to invalid SPIs
  arm/arm64: KVM: Perform local TLB invalidation when multiplexing vcpus on a single CPU

Merge media fixes from Mauro Carvalho Chehab:
 "This contains two patches fixing problems with my patch series meant
  to make USB drivers to work again after the DMA on stack changes.

  The last patch on this series is actually not related to DMA on stack.
  It solves a longstanding bug affecting module unload, causing
  module_put() to be called twice. It was reported by the user who
  reported and tested the issues with the gp8psk driver with the DMA
  fixup patches. As we're late at -rc cycle, maybe you prefer to not
  apply it right now. If this is the case, I'll add to the pile of
  patches for 4.10.

  Exceptionally this time, I'm sending the patches via e-mail, because
  I'm on another trip, and won't be able to use the usual procedure
  until Monday. Also, it is only three patches, and you followed already
  the discussions about the first one"

* emailed patches from Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@osg.samsung.com>:
  gp8psk: Fix DVB frontend attach
  gp8psk: fix gp8psk_usb_in_op() logic
  dvb-usb: move data_mutex to struct dvb_usb_device

Pull char/misc fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are three small driver fixes for some reported issues for
  4.9-rc5.

  One for the hyper-v subsystem, fixing up a naming issue that showed up
  in 4.9-rc1, one mei driver fix, and one fix for parallel ports,
  resolving a reported regression.

  All have been in linux-next with no reported issues"

* tag 'char-misc-4.9-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc:
  ppdev: fix double-free of pp->pdev->name
  vmbus: make sysfs names consistent with PCI
  mei: bus: fix received data size check in NFC fixup

Pull driver core fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are two driver core fixes for 4.9-rc5.

  The first resolves an issue with some drivers not liking to be unbound
  and bound again (if CONFIG_DEBUG_TEST_DRIVER_REMOVE is enabled), which
  solves some reported problems with graphics and storage drivers. The
  other resolves a smatch error with the 4.9-rc1 driver core changes
  around this feature.

  Both have been in linux-next with no reported issues"

* tag 'driver-core-4.9-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
  driver core: fix smatch warning on dev->bus check
  driver core: skip removal test for non-removable drivers