Comments can be helpful, but assertions carry more force.  This
commit therefore adds lockdep_assert_held() and RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN()
calls to enforce lock-held and interrupt-disabled preconditions.
Reported-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit makes srcu_bootup_announce() check for non-default values
of the auto-expedite holdoff time exp_holdoff and print a message if so.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Because exp_holdoff is not used outside of srcutree.c, it can be static.
This commit therefore makes this change.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit updates rcu_bootup_announce_oddness() to check additional
Kconfig options and module/boot parameters.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit adds a rcupdate_announce_bootup_oddness() function to
print out non-default values of significant kernel boot parameter
settings to aid in debugging.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit adds WARN_ON_ONCE() calls that trigger if either
rcu_sched_qs() or rcu_bh_qs() are invoked with preemption enabled.
In the immortal words of Peter Zijlstra: "these are much harder to ignore
than comments".
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit classifies tail recursion as an alternative way to write
a loop, with similar limitations.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit documents the auto-expediting requirement satisfied by
commits 2da4b2a7 ("srcu: Expedite first synchronize_srcu() when idle")
and 22607d66 ("srcu: Specify auto-expedite holdoff time").
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Currently, when running from a git archive, the testid.txt file contains
only the branch name, the output of "git status", and the SHA-1 of
the current HEAD.  This is useful, but does not uniquely identify the
source code that was built.  This commit therefore adds the output of
"git diff HEAD", which means that if two testid.txt files compare equal,
they correspond to exactly the same source code.  Give or take the
possibility of SHA-1 collisions, that is.  ;-)
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit adds a writer_holdoff boot parameter to rcuperf, which is
intended to be used to test Tree SRCU's auto-expediting.  This
boot parameter is in microseconds, and defaults to zero (that is,
disabled).  Set it to a bit larger than srcutree.exp_holdoff,
keeping the nanosecond/microsecond conversion, to force Tree SRCU
to auto-expedite more aggressively.

This commit also adds documentation for this parameter, and fixes some
alphabetization while in the neighborhood.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Most OS distribution have awk in /usr/bin not in /bin
Without this patch, kernel-devsrc fails to build as
runtime dependency for srcu-cbmc script /bin/awk is
not found.
Signed-off-by: NKushwaha, Priyalee <priyalee.kushwaha@intel.com>
Acked-by: NLance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Common-case use of rcuperf must set rcuperf.nreaders=0 and if not built
as a module, rcuperf.shutdown.  This commit therefore sets the default
for rcuperf.nreaders to zero and sets the default for rcuperf.shutdown
to zero if rcuperf is built as a module and to one otherwise.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit rearranges Tiny SRCU's srcu_struct structure, substitutes
u8 for bool, and shrinks counters down to short.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Given that the plan is to retire Classic SRCU in the near future, this
commit reduces the number of CPUs dedicated to testing Classic SRCU.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Currently, the only way to tell whether a given kernel is running
Classic, Tiny, or Tree SRCU is to look at the .config file, which
can easily be lost or associated with the wrong kernel.  This commit
therefore has Classic and Tree SRCU identify themselves at boot time.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit adds a TINY rcuperf test scenario, which allows performance
testing of Tiny RCU and Tiny SRCU.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit changes "architecure" to the correct spelling,
"architecture".
Signed-off-by: NStan Drozd <drozdziak1@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

There is material describing the ordering guarantees provided by
spin_unlock_wait(), but it is not necessarily easy to find.  This commit
therefore adds a docbook header comment to this function informally
describing its semantics.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>

This commit explicitly states that surrounding a non-value-returning
atomic read-modify atomic operations provides full ordering, just as
is provided by value-returning atomic read-modify-write operations.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit adds a perf_type of "srcud", which species that rcuperf
test SRCU on a dynamically initialized srcu_struct.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

There was a time when the expedited grace-period primitives
(synchronize_rcu_expedited(), synchronize_rcu_bh_expedited(), and
synchronize_sched_expedited()) used rather antisocial kernel
facilities like try_stop_cpus().  However, they have since been
housebroken to use only single-CPU IPIs, and typically cause less
disturbance than a scheduling-clock interrupt.  Furthermore, this
disturbance can be eliminated entirely using NO_HZ_FULL on the
one hand or the rcupdate.rcu_normal boot parameter on the other.

This commit therefore removes checkpatch's complaints about use
of the expedited RCU primitives.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done() function returns a logical expression,
but its return type is nevertheless int.  This commit therefore changes
the return type to bool.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit adds a Kconfig-fragment file for Classic SRCU to ease
performance comparisons with Tree SRCU.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit upgrades rcuperf so that it can do performance testing on
asynchronous grace-period primitives such as call_srcu().  There is
a new rcuperf.gp_async module parameter that specifies this new behavior,
with the pre-existing rcuperf.gp_exp testing expedited grace periods such as
synchronize_rcu_expedited, and with the default being to test synchronous
non-expedited grace periods such as synchronize_rcu().

There is also a new rcuperf.gp_async_max module parameter that specifies
the maximum number of outstanding callbacks per writer kthread, defaulting
to 1,000.  When this limit is exceeded, the writer thread invokes the
appropriate flavor of rcu_barrier() to wait for callbacks to drain.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Removed the redundant initialization noted by Arnd Bergmann. ]

The synchronize_kernel() primitive was removed in favor of
synchronize_sched() more than a decade ago, and it seems likely that
rather few kernel hackers are familiar with it.  Its continued presence
is therefore providing more confusion than enlightenment.  This commit
therefore removes the reference from the synchronize_sched() header
comment, and adds the corresponding information to the synchronize_rcu(0
header comment.
Reported-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The TREE and TREE54 rcuperf scenarios' Kconfig fragment files specified
conflicting values for CONFIG_RCU_TRACE.  This commit therefore removes
the =n line in favor of the =y line.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Current rcuperf startup checks to see if the user asked to measure
only expedited grace periods, yet constrained all grace periods to be
normal, or if the user asked to measure only normal grace periods, yet
constrained all grace periods to be expedited.  Useless tests of this
sort are aborted.

Unfortunately, making RCU work through the mid-boot dead zone [1] puts
RCU into expedited-only mode during that zone.  Which happens to also
be the exact time that rcuperf carries out the aforementioned check.
So if the user asks rcuperf to measure only normal grace periods (the
default), rcuperf will now always complain and terminate the test.

This commit therefore moves the checks to rcu_perf_cleanup().  This has
the disadvantage of failing to abort useless tests, but avoids the need to
create yet another kthread and the need to do fiddly checks involving the
holdoff time.  (Yes, another approach is to do the checks in a late-stage
init function, but that would require some way to communicate badness
to rcuperf's kthreads, and seems not worth the bother.)

[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/716148/Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Although preemptible RCU allows its read-side critical sections to be
preempted, general blocking is forbidden.  The reason for this is that
excessive preemption times can be handled by CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y, but a
voluntarily blocked task doesn't care how high you boost its priority.
Because preemptible RCU is a global mechanism, one ill-behaved reader
hurts everyone.  Hence the prohibition against general blocking in
RCU-preempt read-side critical sections.  Preemption yes, blocking no.

This commit enforces this prohibition.

There is a special exception for the -rt patchset (which they kindly
volunteered to implement):  It is OK to block (as opposed to merely being
preempted) within an RCU-preempt read-side critical section, but only if
the blocking is subject to priority inheritance.  This exception permits
CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y to get -rt RCU readers out of trouble.

Why doesn't this exception also apply to mainline's rt_mutex?  Because
of the possibility that someone does general blocking while holding
an rt_mutex.  Yes, the priority boosting will affect the rt_mutex,
but it won't help with the task doing general blocking while holding
that rt_mutex.
Reported-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Earlier versions of Tree SRCU were subject to a counter overflow bug that
could theoretically result in too-short grace periods.  This commit
eliminates this problem by adding an update-side memory barrier.
The short explanation is that if the updater sums the unlock counts
too late to see a given __srcu_read_unlock() increment, that CPU's
next __srcu_read_lock() must see the new value of ->srcu_idx, thus
incrementing the other bank of counters.  This eliminates the possibility
of destructive counter overflow as long as the srcu_read_lock() nesting
level does not exceed floor(ULONG_MAX/NR_CPUS/2), which should be an
eminently reasonable nesting limit, especially on 64-bit systems.
Reported-by: NLance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: NLance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

A number of the rcutorture test scenarios were not using the desired
Kconfig options because dependencies were preventing the selections in the
Kconfig-fragment files from being honored.  This commit therefore updates
the Kconfig-fragment files to account for these changes in dependencies.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The rcutorture scripting handles the CONFIG_*_TORTURE_TEST Kconfig
options specially, and therefore greps them out of the Kconfig-fragment
files.  Unfortunately, a poor choice of grep pattern means that the
CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_CLEANUP, CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_INIT,
and CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT Kconfig options are also grepped
out, preventing rcutorture from using them.  This commit therefore fixes
the offending grep pattern to focus only on the CONFIG_*_TORTURE_TEST
Kconfig options.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Currently rcu_barrier() uses call_rcu() to enqueue new callbacks
on each CPU with a non-empty callback list.  This works, but means
that rcu_barrier() forces grace periods that are not otherwise needed.
The key point is that rcu_barrier() never needs to wait for a grace
period, but instead only for all pre-existing callbacks to be invoked.
This means that rcu_barrier()'s new callbacks should be placed in
the callback-list segment containing the last pre-existing callback.

This commit makes this change using the new rcu_segcblist_entrain()
function.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

A robust combination of paranoia and cowardice has resulted in retaining
Classic SRCU (CONFIG_CLASSIC_SRCU) as a backup for the shiny new Tiny
and Tree SRCU implementations.  If it is to be a viable backup, it of
course needs to be tested.  This commit therefore adds an rcutorture
scenario named SRCU-C for Classic SRCU.  This commit also adds this
scenario to the set that are run by default.

Once sufficient good experience has accumulated for Tiny and Tree SRCU,
this test will be removed, along with the Classic SRCU implementation
itself.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit adds an SRCU-t rcutorture scenario for the new Tiny SRCU
implementation, removing the need to pass the --bootargs parameter to
kvm.sh to run Tiny SRCU tests.  This commit also adds SRCU-t to the set
of scenarios that are run by default.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Kconfig "select" clauses can defeat Kconfig-fragment file attempts to
clear a given Kconfig variable, and dependencies can defeat attempts to
set a given Kconfig variable.  Because "select" clauses and dependencies
can be added at any time, there needs to be a way to verify that the
Kconfig-fragment file's requests were honored.  And there is, except
that it is buggy.  This commit therefore provides the needed fix.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit adds a test for a three-level srcu_node tree for Tree SRCU
in the existing SRCU-P scenario.  This requires enabling CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT,
so the CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT=n scenario is now SRCU-N.  The reason for using
SRCU-P for the tall tree is that preemption raises the possibility of
locating more bugs than does the non-preemptive SRCU-N.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Back when SRCU was simpler, there wasn't much need for lockdep.
However, with Tree SRCU, it is needed.  This commit therefore adds
CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING to the SRCU-P scenario.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Linu Cherian reported a WARN in cleanup_srcu_struct() when shutting
down a guest running iperf on a VFIO assigned device.  This happens
because irqfd_wakeup() calls srcu_read_lock(&kvm->irq_srcu) in interrupt
context, while a worker thread does the same inside kvm_set_irq().  If the
interrupt happens while the worker thread is executing __srcu_read_lock(),
updates to the Classic SRCU ->lock_count[] field or the Tree SRCU
->srcu_lock_count[] field can be lost.

The docs say you are not supposed to call srcu_read_lock() and
srcu_read_unlock() from irq context, but KVM interrupt injection happens
from (host) interrupt context and it would be nice if SRCU supported the
use case.  KVM is using SRCU here not really for the "sleepable" part,
but rather due to its IPI-free fast detection of grace periods.  It is
therefore not desirable to switch back to RCU, which would effectively
revert commit 719d93cd ("kvm/irqchip: Speed up KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING",
2014-01-16).

However, the docs are overly conservative.  You can have an SRCU instance
only has users in irq context, and you can mix process and irq context
as long as process context users disable interrupts.  In addition,
__srcu_read_unlock() actually uses this_cpu_dec() on both Tree SRCU and
Classic SRCU.  For those two implementations, only srcu_read_lock()
is unsafe.

When Classic SRCU's __srcu_read_unlock() was changed to use this_cpu_dec(),
in commit 5a41344a ("srcu: Simplify __srcu_read_unlock() via
this_cpu_dec()", 2012-11-29), __srcu_read_lock() did two increments.
Therefore it kept __this_cpu_inc(), with preempt_disable/enable in
the caller.  Tree SRCU however only does one increment, so on most
architectures it is more efficient for __srcu_read_lock() to use
this_cpu_inc(), and any performance differences appear to be down in
the noise.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 719d93cd ("kvm/irqchip: Speed up KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING")
Reported-by: NLinu Cherian <linuc.decode@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: NLinu Cherian <linuc.decode@gmail.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Linu Cherian reported a WARN in cleanup_srcu_struct() when shutting
down a guest running iperf on a VFIO assigned device.  This happens
because irqfd_wakeup() calls srcu_read_lock(&kvm->irq_srcu) in interrupt
context, while a worker thread does the same inside kvm_set_irq().  If the
interrupt happens while the worker thread is executing __srcu_read_lock(),
updates to the Classic SRCU ->lock_count[] field or the Tree SRCU
->srcu_lock_count[] field can be lost.

The docs say you are not supposed to call srcu_read_lock() and
srcu_read_unlock() from irq context, but KVM interrupt injection happens
from (host) interrupt context and it would be nice if SRCU supported the
use case.  KVM is using SRCU here not really for the "sleepable" part,
but rather due to its IPI-free fast detection of grace periods.  It is
therefore not desirable to switch back to RCU, which would effectively
revert commit 719d93cd ("kvm/irqchip: Speed up KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING",
2014-01-16).

However, the docs are overly conservative.  You can have an SRCU instance
only has users in irq context, and you can mix process and irq context
as long as process context users disable interrupts.  In addition,
__srcu_read_unlock() actually uses this_cpu_dec() on both Tree SRCU and
Classic SRCU.  For those two implementations, only srcu_read_lock()
is unsafe.

When Classic SRCU's __srcu_read_unlock() was changed to use this_cpu_dec(),
in commit 5a41344a ("srcu: Simplify __srcu_read_unlock() via
this_cpu_dec()", 2012-11-29), __srcu_read_lock() did two increments.
Therefore it kept __this_cpu_inc(), with preempt_disable/enable in
the caller.  Tree SRCU however only does one increment, so on most
architectures it is more efficient for __srcu_read_lock() to use
this_cpu_inc(), and any performance differences appear to be down in
the noise.

Unlike Classic and Tree SRCU, Tiny SRCU does increments and decrements on
a single variable.  Therefore, as Peter Zijlstra pointed out, Tiny SRCU's
implementation already supports mixed-context use of srcu_read_lock()
and srcu_read_unlock(), at least as long as uses of srcu_read_lock()
and srcu_read_unlock() in each handler are nested and paired properly.
In other words, it is still illegal to (say) invoke srcu_read_lock()
in an interrupt handler and to invoke the matching srcu_read_unlock()
in a softirq handler.  Therefore, the only change required for Tiny SRCU
is to its comments.

Fixes: 719d93cd ("kvm/irqchip: Speed up KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING")
Reported-by: NLinu Cherian <linuc.decode@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: NLinu Cherian <linuc.decode@gmail.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>