Implement merge method for the snapshot origin to improve read
performance.

Without merge method, dm asks the upper layers to submit smallest possible
bios --- one page. Submitting such small bios impacts performance negatively
when reading or writing the origin device.

Without this patch, CPU consumption when reading the origin on lvm on md-raid0
was 6 to 12%, with this patch, it drops to 1 to 4%.

Note: in my testing, it actually degraded performance in some settings, I
traced it to Maxtor disks having problems with > 512-sector requests.
Reducing the number of sectors to /sys/block/sd*/queue/max_sectors_kb to
256 fixed the read performance. I think we don't have to care about weird
disks that actually degrade performance because of large requests being
sent to them.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Validate chunk size against both origin and snapshot sector size

Don't allow chunk size smaller than either origin or snapshot logical
sector size. Reading or writing data not aligned to sector size is not
allowed and causes immediate errors.

This requires us to open the origin before initialising the
exception store and to export dm_snap_origin.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Iterate both origin and snapshot devices

iterate_devices method should call the callback for all the devices where
the bio may be remapped. Thus, snapshot_iterate_devices should call the callback
for both snapshot and origin underlying devices because it remaps some bios
to the snapshot and some to the origin.

snapshot_iterate_devices called the callback only for the origin device.
This led to badly calculated device limits if snapshot and origin were placed
on different types of disks.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Eliminate a 4-byte hole in 'struct dm_io_memory' by moving 'offset' above the
'ptr' to which it applies (size reduced from 24 to 16 bytes).  And by
association, 1-4 byte hole is eliminated in 'struct dm_io_request' (size
reduced from 56 to 48 bytes).

Eliminate all 6 4-byte holes and 1 cache-line in 'struct dm_snapshot' (size
reduced from 392 to 368 bytes).
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Remove unused parameters(start and len) of dm_get_device()
and fix the callers.
Signed-off-by: NNikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

If the snapshot we are merging became invalid (e.g. it ran out of
space) redirect all I/O directly to the origin device.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Set 'merge_failed' flag if a snapshot fails to merge.  Update
snapshot_status() to report "Merge failed" if 'merge_failed' is set.
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

s->store->type->prepare_merge returns the number of chunks that can be
copied linearly working backwards from the returned chunk number.

For example, if it returns 3 chunks with old_chunk == 10 and new_chunk
== 20, then chunk 20 can be copied to 10, chunk 19 to 9 and 18 to 8.

Until now kcopyd only copied one chunk at a time.  This patch now copies
the full set at once.

Consequently, snapshot_merge_process() needs to delay the merging of all
chunks if any have writes in progress, not just the first chunk in the
region that is to be merged.

snapshot-merge's performance is now comparable to the original
snapshot-origin target.
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

When there is one merging snapshot and other non-merging snapshots,
snapshot_merge_process() must make exceptions in the non-merging
snapshots.

Use a sequence count to resolve the race between I/O to chunks that are
about to be merged.  The count increases each time an exception
reallocation finishes.  Use wait_event() to wait until the count
changes.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Track writes to chunks that are currently being merged and delay merging
a chunk until all writes to that chunk finish.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

While a set of chunks is being merged, any overlapping writes need to be
queued.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Merging is started when origin is resumed and it is stopped when
origin is suspended or when the merging snapshot is destroyed or
errors are detected.

Merging is not yet interlocked with writes: this will be handled in
subsequent patches.

The code relies on callbacks from a private kcopyd thread.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Merging more than one snapshot is not supported, so prevent
this happening.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Sets num_flush_requests=2 to support flushing both the origin and cow
devices used by the snapshot-merge target.

Also, snapshot_ctr() now gets the origin device using FMODE_WRITE if the
target is snapshot-merge (which writes to the origin device).
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

The snapshot-merge target should not allocate new exceptions because the
intent is to merge all of its exceptions as quickly and safely as
possible.

This patch introduces the snapshot-merge mapping function and updates
__origin_write() so that it doesn't allocate exceptions on any snapshots
that are being merged.

If a write request to a merging snapshot device is to be dispatched
directly to the origin (because the chunk is not remapped or was already
merged), snapshot_merge_map() must make exceptions in other snapshots so
calls do_origin().
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

To track the completion of exceptions relating to the same location on
the device, the current code selects one exception as primary_pe, links
the other exceptions to it and uses reference counting to wait until all
the reallocations are complete.

It is considered too complicated to extend this code to handle the new
snapshot-merge target, where sets of non-overlapping chunks would also
need to become linked.

Instead, a simpler (but less efficient) approach is taken.  Bios are
linked to one exception.  When it completes, bios are simply retried,
and if other related exceptions are still outstanding, they'll get
queued again to wait for another one.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

The snapshot-merge target allows a snapshot to be merged back into the
snapshot's origin device.

One anticipated use of snapshot merging is the rollback of filesystems
to back out problematic system upgrades.

This patch adds snapshot-merge target management to both
dm_snapshot_init() and dm_snapshot_exit().  As an initial place-holder,
snapshot-merge is identical to the snapshot target.  Documentation is
provided.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Move the __chunk_is_tracked() loop into a separate function as we will
also need to call it from the write path in the rare case of conflicting
writes to the same chunk.

Originally introduced in commit a8d41b59
("dm snapshot: fix race during exception creation").
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

To support the merging of snapshots back into their origin we need
to trigger exceptions in other snapshots not being merged without
any incoming bio on the origin device.  The bio parameter to
__origin_write() becomes optional and the sector needs supplying
separately.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Permit in-use snapshot exception data to be 'handed over' from one
snapshot instance to another.  This is a pre-requisite for patches
that allow the changes made in a snapshot device to be merged back into
its origin device and also allows device resizing.

The basic call sequence is:

  dmsetup load new_snapshot (referencing the existing in-use cow device)
     - the ctr code detects that the cow is already in use and allows the
       two snapshot target instances to be linked together
  dmsetup suspend original_snapshot
  dmsetup resume new_snapshot
     - the new_snapshot becomes live, and if anything now tries to access
       the original one it will receive -EIO
  dmsetup remove original_snapshot

(There can only be two snapshot targets referencing the same cow device
simultaneously.)
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Keep track of whether or not the device is suspended within the snapshot
target module, the same as we do in dm-raid1.

We will use this later to enforce the correct sequence of ioctls to
transfer the in-core exceptions from a snapshot target instance in
one table to a replacement one capable of merging them back
into the origin.
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Store the reference to the snapshot cow device in the core snapshot
code instead of each exception store.  It can be accessed through the
new function dm_snap_cow().  Exception stores should each now maintain a
reference to their parent snapshot struct.

This is cleaner and makes part of the forthcoming snapshot merge code simpler.
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Cc: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>

Add number of sectors used by metadata to the end of the snapshot's status
line.

Renamed dm_exception_store_type's 'fraction_full' to 'usage'.  Renamed
arguments to be clearer about what is being returned.  Also added
'metadata_sectors'.
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Rename exception functions.  Preparing to pull them out of
dm-snap.c for broader use.
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Rename exception_table for broader use outside dm-snap.c
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

The exception structure is not necessarily just a snapshot
element (especially after we pull it out of dm-snap.c).

Renaming appropriately.
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Consolidate the insert_*exception functions.  'insert_completed_exception'
already contains all the logic to handle 'insert_exception' (via
check for a hash_shift of 0), so remove redundant function.
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

The origin needs to find minimum chunksize of all snapshots.  This logic is
moved to a separate function because it will be used at another place in
the snapshot merge patches.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Under some special conditions the snapshot hash_size is calculated as zero.
This patch instead sets a minimum value of 64, the same as for the
pending exception table.

rounddown_pow_of_two(0) is an undefined operation (it expands to shift
by -1).  init_exception_table with an argument of 0 would fail with -ENOMEM.

The way to trigger the problem is to create a snapshot with a chunk size
that is larger than the origin device.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Take snapshot lock only for STATUSTYPE_INFO, not STATUSTYPE_TABLE.

Commit 4c6fff44
(dm-snapshot-lock-snapshot-while-supplying-status.patch)
introduced this use of the lock, but userspace applications using
libdevmapper have been found to request STATUSTYPE_TABLE while the device
is suspended and the lock is already held, leading to deadlock.  Since
the lock is not necessary in this case, don't try to take it.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Use unsigned integer chunk size.

Maximum chunk size is 512kB, there won't ever be need to use 4GB chunk size,
so the number can be 32-bit. This fixes compiler failure on 32-bit systems
with large block devices.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

This patch locks the snapshot when returning status.  It fixes a race
when it could return an invalid number of free chunks if someone
was simultaneously modifying it.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

If we are creating snapshot with memory-stored exception store, fail if
the user didn't specify chunk size. Zero chunk size would probably crash
a lot of places in the rest of snapshot code.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

While initializing the snapshot module, if we fail to register
the snapshot target then we must back-out the exception store
module initialization.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Avoid a race causing corruption when snapshots of the same origin have
different chunk sizes by sorting the internal list of snapshots by chunk
size, largest first.
  https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=182659

For example, let's have two snapshots with different chunk sizes. The
first snapshot (1) has small chunk size and the second snapshot (2) has
large chunk size.  Let's have chunks A, B, C in these snapshots:
snapshot1: ====A====   ====B====
snapshot2: ==========C==========

(Chunk size is a power of 2. Chunks are aligned.)

A write to the origin at a position within A and C comes along. It
triggers reallocation of A, then reallocation of C and links them
together using A as the 'primary' exception.

Then another write to the origin comes along at a position within B and
C.  It creates pending exception for B.  C already has a reallocation in
progress and it already has a primary exception (A), so nothing is done
to it: B and C are not linked.

If the reallocation of B finishes before the reallocation of C, because
there is no link with the pending exception for C it does not know to
wait for it and, the second write is dispatched to the origin and causes
data corruption in the chunk C in snapshot2.

To avoid this situation, we maintain snapshots sorted in descending
order of chunk size.  This leads to a guaranteed ordering on the links
between the pending exceptions and avoids the problem explained above -
both A and B now get linked to C.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Implement the .iterate_devices for the origin and snapshot targets.
dm-snapshot's lack of .iterate_devices resulted in the inability to
properly establish queue_limits for both targets.

With 4K sector drives: an unfortunate side-effect of not establishing
proper limits in either targets' DM device was that IO to the devices
would fail even though both had been created without error.

Commit af4874e0 ("dm target:s introduce
iterate devices fn") in 2.6.31-rc1 should have implemented .iterate_devices
for dm-snap.c's origin and snapshot targets.
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Flush support for dm-snapshot target.

This patch just forwards the flush request to either the origin or the snapshot
device.  (It doesn't flush exception store metadata.)
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

It's used by DM and MD and generally useful, so move the bio list
helpers into bio.h.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Let the exception store types print out their status through
the new API, rather than having the snapshot code do it.

Adjust the buffer position to allow for the preceding DMEMIT in the
arguments to type->status().
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

First step of having the exception stores parse their own arguments -
generalizing the interface.
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>