Add __force cast of node_guid to __u64, since we are sticking it into a
structure whose definition is shared with userspace.
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>

Mostly update the RB tree comparisons to force __be types to normal
integers, but the change to cm_format_sidr_req() is a real fix:
param->path->pkey is already __be16.
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
Acked-by: NSean Hefty <sean.hefty@intel.com>

Trivial fixes to stamp_send_wqe().
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>

Fix

    drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ipath_init_chip.c:526:10: warning: symbol 'val' shadows an earlier one
    drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ipath_init_chip.c:473:6: originally declared here

by giving the second val a different name.
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
Acked-by: NArthur Jones <arthur.jones@qlogic.com>

There's no reason for the third parameter of ipath_count_units() to be
a u32 *, so change it to be an int * instead.  This fixes the sparse
warning:

    drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ipath_file_ops.c:1654:47: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
    drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ipath_file_ops.c:1654:47:    expected unsigned int [usertype] *maxportsp
    drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ipath_file_ops.c:1654:47:    got int *<noident>
Signed-off-by: NArthur Jones <arthur.jones@qlogic.com>
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>

IDR IDs are signed, so struct ib_uobject.id should be signed.  This
avoids some sparse pointer signedness warnings.
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>

Fix sparse warnings about pointer signedness by using a signed int when
calling idr_get_new_above().
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
Acked-by: NSteve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>

Write tests for NULL pointers as

	if (!ptr)

instead of

	if (ptr == 0UL)

to fix sparse warnings.
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
Acked-by: NSteve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>

Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>

Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>

Fix a few whitespace and other coding style problems.
Signed-off-by: NRoland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bart/ide-2.6:
  it821x: do not describe noraid parameter with its value
  Pb1200/DBAu1200: fix bad IDE resource size
  Au1200: IDE driver build fix
  Au1200: kill IDE driver function prototypes
  avr32 mustn't select HAVE_IDE

Describe noraid parameter with its name (and not its value).
Signed-off-by: NPaul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>

The header files for the Pb1200/DBAu1200 boards have wrong definition for the
IDE interface's decoded range length -- it should be 512 bytes according to
what the IDE driver does.  In addition, the IDE platform device claims 1 byte
too many for its memory resource -- fix the platform code and the IDE driver
in accordance.
Signed-off-by: NSergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>

The driver fails to compile with CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_MDMA2_DBDMA enabled:

drivers/ide/mips/au1xxx-ide.c: In function `auide_build_dmatable':
drivers/ide/mips/au1xxx-ide.c:256: error: implicit declaration of function
`sg_virt'
drivers/ide/mips/au1xxx-ide.c:275: error: implicit declaration of function
`sg_next'
drivers/ide/mips/au1xxx-ide.c:275: warning: assignment makes pointer from
integer without a cast

Fix this by including <linux/scatterlist.h>. While at it, remove the #include's
without which the driver happily builds.
Signed-off-by: NSergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>

Fix these warnings emitted when compiling drivers/ide/mips/au1xxx-ide.c:

include/asm/mach-au1x00/au1xxx_ide.h:137: warning: 'auide_tune_drive' declared 
`static' but never defined
include/asm/mach-au1x00/au1xxx_ide.h:138: warning: 'auide_tune_chipset' declared
 `static' but never defined

by wiping out the whole "function prototyping" section from the header file
<asm-mips/mach-au1x00/au1xxx_ide.h> as it mostly declared functions that are
already dead in the IDE driver; move the only useful prototype into the driver.
Signed-off-by: NSergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>

There's a libata based PATA driver for avr32, but no support for 
drivers/ide/ on avr32.

This patch fixes the following compile error:

<--  snip  -->

...
  CC [M]  drivers/ide/ide-cd.o
In file included from /home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/drivers/ide/ide-cd.c:37:
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/include/linux/ide.h:209:21: error: asm/ide.h: No such file or directory
make[3]: *** [drivers/ide/ide-cd.o] Error 1

<--  snip  -->
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Acked-by: NSam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
  block: update git url for blktrace
  io context: increment task attachment count in ioc_task_link()

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6:
  USB: remove broken usb-serial num_endpoints check
  USB: option: Add new vendor ID and device ID for AMOI HSDPA modem
  USB: support more Huawei data card product IDs
  USB: option.c: add more device IDs
  USB: Obscure Maxon BP3-USB Device Support 16d8:6280 for option driver

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6:
  [TCP]: Add return value indication to tcp_prune_ofo_queue().
  PS3: gelic: fix the oops on the broken IE returned from the hypervisor
  b43legacy: fix DMA mapping leakage
  mac80211: remove message on receiving unexpected unencrypted frames
  Update rt2x00 MAINTAINERS entry
  Add rfkill to MAINTAINERS file
  rfkill: Fix device type check when toggling states
  b43legacy: Fix usage of struct device used for DMAing
  ssb: Fix usage of struct device used for DMAing
  MAINTAINERS: move to generic repository for iwlwifi
  b43legacy: fix initvals loading on bcm4303
  rtl8187: Add missing priv->vif assignments
  netconsole: only set CON_PRINTBUFFER if the user specifies a netconsole
  [CAN]: Update documentation of struct sockaddr_can
  MAINTAINERS: isdn4linux@listserv.isdn4linux.de is subscribers-only
  [TCP]: Fix never pruned tcp out-of-order queue.
  [NET_SCHED] sch_api: fix qdisc_tree_decrease_qlen() loop

Describe debug parameters with their names (and not their values).
Signed-off-by: NPaul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The num_interrupt_in, num_bulk_in, and other checks in the usb-serial
code are just wrong, there are too many different devices out there with
different numbers of endpoints.  We need to just be sticking with the
device ids instead of trying to catch this kind of thing.  It broke too
many different devices.

This fixes a large number of usb-serial devices to get them working
properly again.


Cc: Oliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

This patch add new vendor ID and device ID  for AMOI HSDPA modem. 

From: tang kai <tangk73@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

 - declare the unusal device for Huawei data card devices in
   unusual_devs.h
 - disable the product ID matching for Huawei data card devices in
   usb_match_device function of driver.c
 - declare the product IDs in option.c.
Signed-off-by: Nfangxiaozhi <huananhu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Add devices by AMOI and NovatelWireless.
Signed-Off-By: NMatthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

The modem was detected, the ttyUSB{0,1,2} appeared, a call could be
made, and the expected data rate was achieved.  Tested for an hour or
two, total of 100Mb.  I shall do more testing.
Signed-off-by: NJames Cameron <quozl@laptop.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Returns non-zero if tp->out_of_order_queue was seen non-empty.
This allows tcp_try_rmem_schedule() to return early.
Signed-off-by: NVitaliy Gusev <vgusev@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10124

this change:

      commit 08f1c192
      Author: Muli Ben-Yehuda <muli@il.ibm.com>
      Date:   Sun Jul 22 00:23:39 2007 +0300

         x86-64: introduce struct pci_sysdata to facilitate sharing of ->sysdata

         This patch introduces struct pci_sysdata to x86 and x86-64, and
         converts the existing two users (NUMA, Calgary) to use it.

         This lays the groundwork for having other users of sysdata, such as
         the PCI domains work.

         The Calgary bits are tested, the NUMA bits just look ok.

replaces pcibios_scan_root by pci_scan_bus_parented...

but in pcibios_scan_root we have a check about scanned busses.

Cc: <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
Cc: Stian Jordet <stian@jordet.net>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "Yinghai Lu" <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The THERMAL_MAX_TRIPS value is set to 10.  It is too few for the Compaq AP550
machine which has 12 trip points.
Signed-off-by: NKrzysztof Helt <krzysztof.h1@wp.pl>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

List could have become empty after the unlocked check that was made earlier,
so check again inside the lock.

Should fix https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=427765Signed-off-by: NChuck Ebbert <cebbert@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The SPI core now expects num_chipselect to be set correctly as due to added
checks on the chip being selected before an transfer is allowed.  This patch
adds a num_cs field to the platform data which needs to be set correctly
before adding the SPI platform device.
Signed-off-by: NBen Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pass the bus number we expect the S3C24XX SPI driver to attach to via the
platform data.
Signed-off-by: NBen Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The s3c24xx_spi_txrx() function should initialise the completion each time
before using it, otherwise we end up with the possibility of returning success
before the interrupt handler has processed all the data.
Signed-off-by: NBen Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mb_cache_entry_alloc() was allocating cache entries with GFP_KERNEL.  But
filesystems are calling this function while holding xattr_sem so possible
recursion into the fs violates locking ordering of xattr_sem and transaction
start / i_mutex for ext2-4.  Change mb_cache_entry_alloc() so that filesystems
can specify desired gfp mask and use GFP_NOFS from all of them.
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reported-by: NDave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As shown by Gurudas Pai recently, we can put hugepages into the surplus
state (by echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages), even when
/proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages is 0. This is actually correct, to
allow the original goal (shrink the static pool to 0) to succeed (we are
converting hugepages to surplus because they are in use). However, the
documentation does not accurately reflect this case. Update it.
Signed-off-by: NNishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In a5d76b54 (memory unplug: page isolation by
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki), "isolate" migratetype added.  but unfortunately, it
doesn't treat /proc/pagetypeinfo display logic.

this patch add "Isolate" to pagetype name field.

/proc/pagetype
before:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free pages count per migrate type at order       0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9     10
Node    0, zone      DMA, type    Unmovable      1      2      2      2      1      2      2      1      1      0      0
Node    0, zone      DMA, type  Reclaimable      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone      DMA, type      Movable      2      3      3      1      3      3      2      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone      DMA, type      Reserve      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      1
Node    0, zone      DMA, type       <NULL>      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone   Normal, type    Unmovable      1      9      7      4      1      1      1      1      0      0      0
Node    0, zone   Normal, type  Reclaimable      5      2      0      0      1      1      0      0      0      1      0
Node    0, zone   Normal, type      Movable      0      1      1      0      0      0      1      0      0      1     60
Node    0, zone   Normal, type      Reserve      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      1
Node    0, zone   Normal, type       <NULL>      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type    Unmovable      0      0      1      1      1      0      1      1      2      2      0
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type  Reclaimable      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type      Movable    236     62      6      2      2      1      1      0      1      1     16
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type      Reserve      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      1
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type       <NULL>      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Number of blocks type     Unmovable  Reclaimable      Movable      Reserve       <NULL>
Node 0, zone      DMA            1            0            2       1            0
Node 0, zone   Normal           10           40          169       1            0
Node 0, zone  HighMem            2            0          283       1            0

after:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free pages count per migrate type at order       0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9     10
Node    0, zone      DMA, type    Unmovable      1      2      2      2      1      2      2      1      1      0      0
Node    0, zone      DMA, type  Reclaimable      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone      DMA, type      Movable      2      3      3      1      3      3      2      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone      DMA, type      Reserve      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      1
Node    0, zone      DMA, type      Isolate      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone   Normal, type    Unmovable      0      2      1      1      0      1      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone   Normal, type  Reclaimable      1      1      1      1      1      0      1      1      1      0      0
Node    0, zone   Normal, type      Movable      0      1      1      1      0      1      0      1      0      0    196
Node    0, zone   Normal, type      Reserve      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      1
Node    0, zone   Normal, type      Isolate      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type    Unmovable      0      1      0      0      0      1      1      1      2      2      0
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type  Reclaimable      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type      Movable      1      0      1      1      0      0      0      0      1      0    200
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type      Reserve      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      1
Node    0, zone  HighMem, type      Isolate      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Number of blocks type     Unmovable  Reclaimable      Movable      Reserve      Isolate
Node 0, zone      DMA            1            0            2       1            0
Node 0, zone   Normal            8            4          207       1            0
Node 0, zone  HighMem            2            0          283       1            0
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

A couple of typos crept into the newly added document about the seq_file
interface.  This patch corrects those typos and simultaneously deletes
unnecessary trailing spaces.
Signed-off-by: NDmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch fixes this error:

In file included from /home/wangcong/projects/linux-2.6/arch/um/kernel/smp.c:9:
include2/asm/tlb.h: In function `tlb_remove_page':
include2/asm/tlb.h:101: error: implicit declaration of function `page_cache_release'

And since including <linux/pagemap.h> in <linux/swap.h> will break sparc,
we add this #include in uml's own header.
Acked-by: NJeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: NWANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When I used a test program to fork mass processes and immediately move them to
a cgroup where the memory limit is low enough to trigger oom kill, I got oops:

BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000808
IP: [<ffffffff8045c47f>] _spin_lock_irqsave+0x8/0x18
PGD 4c95f067 PUD 4406c067 PMD 0
Oops: 0002 [1] SMP
CPU 2
Modules linked in:

Pid: 11973, comm: a.out Not tainted 2.6.25-rc7 #5
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8045c47f>]  [<ffffffff8045c47f>] _spin_lock_irqsave+0x8/0x18
RSP: 0018:ffff8100448c7c30  EFLAGS: 00010002
RAX: 0000000000000202 RBX: 0000000000000009 RCX: 000000000001c9f3
RDX: 0000000000000100 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000808
RBP: ffff81007e444080 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff8100448c7900
R10: ffff81000105f480 R11: 00000100ffffffff R12: ffff810067c84140
R13: 0000000000000001 R14: ffff8100441d0018 R15: ffff81007da56200
FS:  00007f70eb1856f0(0000) GS:ffff81007fbad3c0(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 0000000000000808 CR3: 000000004498a000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process a.out (pid: 11973, threadinfo ffff8100448c6000, task ffff81007da533e0)
Stack:  ffffffff8023ef5a 00000000000000d0 ffffffff80548dc0 00000000000000d0
 ffff810067c84140 ffff81007e444080 ffffffff8026cef9 00000000000000d0
 ffff8100441d0000 00000000000000d0 ffff8100441d0000 ffff8100505445c0
Call Trace:
 [<ffffffff8023ef5a>] ? force_sig_info+0x25/0xb9
 [<ffffffff8026cef9>] ? oom_kill_task+0x77/0xe2
 [<ffffffff8026d696>] ? mem_cgroup_out_of_memory+0x55/0x67
 [<ffffffff802910ad>] ? mem_cgroup_charge_common+0xec/0x202
 [<ffffffff8027997b>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x24e/0x77f
 [<ffffffff8022c4af>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0xe
 [<ffffffff8027a17a>] ? get_user_pages+0x2ce/0x3af
 [<ffffffff80290fee>] ? mem_cgroup_charge_common+0x2d/0x202
 [<ffffffff8027a441>] ? make_pages_present+0x8e/0xa4
 [<ffffffff8027d1ab>] ? mmap_region+0x373/0x429
 [<ffffffff8027d7eb>] ? do_mmap_pgoff+0x2ff/0x364
 [<ffffffff80210471>] ? sys_mmap+0xe5/0x111
 [<ffffffff8020bfc9>] ? tracesys+0xdc/0xe1

Code: 00 00 01 48 8b 3c 24 e9 46 d4 dd ff f0 ff 07 48 8b 3c 24 e9 3a d4 dd ff fe 07 48 8b 3c 24 e9 2f d4 dd ff 9c 58 fa ba 00 01 00 00 <f0> 66 0f c1 17 38 f2 74 06 f3 90 8a 17 eb f6 c3 fa b8 00 01 00
RIP  [<ffffffff8045c47f>] _spin_lock_irqsave+0x8/0x18
 RSP <ffff8100448c7c30>
CR2: 0000000000000808
---[ end trace c3702fa668021ea4 ]---

It's reproducable in a x86_64 box, but doesn't happen in x86_32.

This is because tsk->sighand is not guarded by RCU, so we have to
hold tasklist_lock, just as what out_of_memory() does.
Signed-off-by: NLi Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@cs.washington.edu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>