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  1. 13 7月, 2019 7 次提交
  3. 29 6月, 2019 1 次提交
  5. 25 6月, 2019 1 次提交
  7. 03 6月, 2019 2 次提交
    • R
      mm/vmalloc: Avoid rare case of flushing TLB with weird arguments · 31e67340
      由 Rick Edgecombe 提交于 
      In a rare case, flush_tlb_kernel_range() could be called with a start
higher than the end.

In vm_remove_mappings(), in case page_address() returns 0 for all pages
(for example they were all in highmem), _vm_unmap_aliases() will be
called with start = ULONG_MAX, end = 0 and flush = 1.

If at the same time, the vmalloc purge operation is triggered by something
else while the current operation is between remove_vm_area() and
_vm_unmap_aliases(), then the vm mapping just removed will be already
purged. In this case the call of vm_unmap_aliases() may not find any other
mappings to flush and so end up flushing start = ULONG_MAX, end = 0. So
only set flush = true if we find something in the direct mapping that we
need to flush, and this way this can't happen.
Signed-off-by: NRick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Cc: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 868b104d ("mm/vmalloc: Add flag for freeing of special permsissions")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527211058.2729-3-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      31e67340
    • R
      mm/vmalloc: Fix calculation of direct map addr range · 8e41f872
      由 Rick Edgecombe 提交于 
      The calculation of the direct map address range to flush was wrong.
This could cause the RO direct map alias to not get flushed. Today
this shouldn't be a problem because this flush is only needed on x86
right now and the spurious fault handler will fix cached RO->RW
translations. In the future though, it could cause the permissions
to remain RO in the TLB for the direct map alias, and then the page
would return from the page allocator to some other component as RO
and cause a crash.

So fix fix the address range calculation so the flush will include the
direct map range.
Signed-off-by: NRick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Cc: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 868b104d ("mm/vmalloc: Add flag for freeing of special permsissions")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527211058.2729-2-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      8e41f872
  9. 02 6月, 2019 1 次提交
  11. 21 5月, 2019 1 次提交
  13. 19 5月, 2019 3 次提交
    • U
      mm/vmap: add DEBUG_AUGMENT_LOWEST_MATCH_CHECK macro · a6cf4e0f
      由 Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) 提交于 
      This macro adds some debug code to check that vmap allocations are
happened in ascending order.

By default this option is set to 0 and not active.  It requires
recompilation of the kernel to activate it.  Set to 1, compile the
kernel.

[urezki@gmail.com: v4]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190406183508.25273-4-urezki@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190402162531.10888-4-urezki@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NUladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      a6cf4e0f
    • U
      mm/vmap: add DEBUG_AUGMENT_PROPAGATE_CHECK macro · bb850f4d
      由 Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) 提交于 
      This macro adds some debug code to check that the augment tree is
maintained correctly, meaning that every node contains valid
subtree_max_size value.

By default this option is set to 0 and not active.  It requires
recompilation of the kernel to activate it.  Set to 1, compile the
kernel.

[urezki@gmail.com: v4]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190406183508.25273-3-urezki@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190402162531.10888-3-urezki@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NUladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      bb850f4d
    • U
      mm/vmalloc.c: keep track of free blocks for vmap allocation · 68ad4a33
      由 Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) 提交于 
      Patch series "improve vmap allocation", v3.

Objective
---------

Please have a look for the description at:

  https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/10/19/786

but let me also summarize it a bit here as well.

The current implementation has O(N) complexity. Requests with different
permissive parameters can lead to long allocation time. When i say
"long" i mean milliseconds.

Description
-----------

This approach organizes the KVA memory layout into free areas of the
1-ULONG_MAX range, i.e.  an allocation is done over free areas lookups,
instead of finding a hole between two busy blocks.  It allows to have
lower number of objects which represent the free space, therefore to have
less fragmented memory allocator.  Because free blocks are always as large
as possible.

It uses the augment tree where all free areas are sorted in ascending
order of va->va_start address in pair with linked list that provides
O(1) access to prev/next elements.

Since the tree is augment, we also maintain the "subtree_max_size" of VA
that reflects a maximum available free block in its left or right
sub-tree.  Knowing that, we can easily traversal toward the lowest (left
most path) free area.

Allocation: ~O(log(N)) complexity.  It is sequential allocation method
therefore tends to maximize locality.  The search is done until a first
suitable block is large enough to encompass the requested parameters.
Bigger areas are split.

I copy paste here the description of how the area is split, since i
described it in https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/10/19/786

<snip>

A free block can be split by three different ways.  Their names are
FL_FIT_TYPE, LE_FIT_TYPE/RE_FIT_TYPE and NE_FIT_TYPE, i.e.  they
correspond to how requested size and alignment fit to a free block.

FL_FIT_TYPE - in this case a free block is just removed from the free
list/tree because it fully fits.  Comparing with current design there is
an extra work with rb-tree updating.

LE_FIT_TYPE/RE_FIT_TYPE - left/right edges fit.  In this case what we do
is just cutting a free block.  It is as fast as a current design.  Most of
the vmalloc allocations just end up with this case, because the edge is
always aligned to 1.

NE_FIT_TYPE - Is much less common case.  Basically it happens when
requested size and alignment does not fit left nor right edges, i.e.  it
is between them.  In this case during splitting we have to build a
remaining left free area and place it back to the free list/tree.

Comparing with current design there are two extra steps.  First one is we
have to allocate a new vmap_area structure.  Second one we have to insert
that remaining free block to the address sorted list/tree.

In order to optimize a first case there is a cache with free_vmap objects.
Instead of allocating from slab we just take an object from the cache and
reuse it.

Second one is pretty optimized.  Since we know a start point in the tree
we do not do a search from the top.  Instead a traversal begins from a
rb-tree node we split.
<snip>

De-allocation.  ~O(log(N)) complexity.  An area is not inserted straight
away to the tree/list, instead we identify the spot first, checking if it
can be merged around neighbors.  The list provides O(1) access to
prev/next, so it is pretty fast to check it.  Summarizing.  If merged then
large coalesced areas are created, if not the area is just linked making
more fragments.

There is one more thing that i should mention here.  After modification of
VA node, its subtree_max_size is updated if it was/is the biggest area in
its left or right sub-tree.  Apart of that it can also be populated back
to upper levels to fix the tree.  For more details please have a look at
the __augment_tree_propagate_from() function and the description.

Tests and stressing
-------------------

I use the "test_vmalloc.sh" test driver available under
"tools/testing/selftests/vm/" since 5.1-rc1 kernel.  Just trigger "sudo
./test_vmalloc.sh" to find out how to deal with it.

Tested on different platforms including x86_64/i686/ARM64/x86_64_NUMA.
Regarding last one, i do not have any physical access to NUMA system,
therefore i emulated it.  The time of stressing is days.

If you run the test driver in "stress mode", you also need the patch that
is in Andrew's tree but not in Linux 5.1-rc1.  So, please apply it:

http://git.cmpxchg.org/cgit.cgi/linux-mmotm.git/commit/?id=e0cf7749bade6da318e98e934a24d8b62fab512c

After massive testing, i have not identified any problems like memory
leaks, crashes or kernel panics.  I find it stable, but more testing would
be good.

Performance analysis
--------------------

I have used two systems to test.  One is i5-3320M CPU @ 2.60GHz and
another is HiKey960(arm64) board.  i5-3320M runs on 4.20 kernel, whereas
Hikey960 uses 4.15 kernel.  I have both system which could run on 5.1-rc1
as well, but the results have not been ready by time i an writing this.

Currently it consist of 8 tests.  There are three of them which correspond
to different types of splitting(to compare with default).  We have 3
ones(see above).  Another 5 do allocations in different conditions.

a) sudo ./test_vmalloc.sh performance

When the test driver is run in "performance" mode, it runs all available
tests pinned to first online CPU with sequential execution test order.  We
do it in order to get stable and repeatable results.  Take a look at time
difference in "long_busy_list_alloc_test".  It is not surprising because
the worst case is O(N).

# i5-3320M
How many cycles all tests took:
CPU0=646919905370(default) cycles vs CPU0=193290498550(patched) cycles

# See detailed table with results here:
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/i5-3320M_performance_default.txt
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/i5-3320M_performance_patched.txt

# Hikey960 8x CPUs
How many cycles all tests took:
CPU0=3478683207 cycles vs CPU0=463767978 cycles

# See detailed table with results here:
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/HiKey960_performance_default.txt
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/HiKey960_performance_patched.txt

b) time sudo ./test_vmalloc.sh test_repeat_count=1

With this configuration, all tests are run on all available online CPUs.
Before running each CPU shuffles its tests execution order.  It gives
random allocation behaviour.  So it is rough comparison, but it puts in
the picture for sure.

# i5-3320M
<default>            vs            <patched>
real    101m22.813s                real    0m56.805s
user    0m0.011s                   user    0m0.015s
sys     0m5.076s                   sys     0m0.023s

# See detailed table with results here:
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/i5-3320M_test_repeat_count_1_default.txt
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/i5-3320M_test_repeat_count_1_patched.txt

# Hikey960 8x CPUs
<default>            vs            <patched>
real    unknown                    real    4m25.214s
user    unknown                    user    0m0.011s
sys     unknown                    sys     0m0.670s

I did not manage to complete this test on "default Hikey960" kernel
version.  After 24 hours it was still running, therefore i had to cancel
it.  That is why real/user/sys are "unknown".

This patch (of 3):

Currently an allocation of the new vmap area is done over busy list
iteration(complexity O(n)) until a suitable hole is found between two busy
areas.  Therefore each new allocation causes the list being grown.  Due to
over fragmented list and different permissive parameters an allocation can
take a long time.  For example on embedded devices it is milliseconds.

This patch organizes the KVA memory layout into free areas of the
1-ULONG_MAX range.  It uses an augment red-black tree that keeps blocks
sorted by their offsets in pair with linked list keeping the free space in
order of increasing addresses.

Nodes are augmented with the size of the maximum available free block in
its left or right sub-tree.  Thus, that allows to take a decision and
traversal toward the block that will fit and will have the lowest start
address, i.e.  it is sequential allocation.

Allocation: to allocate a new block a search is done over the tree until a
suitable lowest(left most) block is large enough to encompass: the
requested size, alignment and vstart point.  If the block is bigger than
requested size - it is split.

De-allocation: when a busy vmap area is freed it can either be merged or
inserted to the tree.  Red-black tree allows efficiently find a spot
whereas a linked list provides a constant-time access to previous and next
blocks to check if merging can be done.  In case of merging of
de-allocated memory chunk a large coalesced area is created.

Complexity: ~O(log(N))

[urezki@gmail.com: v3]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190402162531.10888-2-urezki@gmail.com
[urezki@gmail.com: v4]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190406183508.25273-2-urezki@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190321190327.11813-2-urezki@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NUladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      68ad4a33
  15. 15 5月, 2019 2 次提交
  17. 30 4月, 2019 1 次提交
    • R
      mm/vmalloc: Add flag for freeing of special permsissions · 868b104d
      由 Rick Edgecombe 提交于 
      Add a new flag VM_FLUSH_RESET_PERMS, for enabling vfree operations to
immediately clear executable TLB entries before freeing pages, and handle
resetting permissions on the directmap. This flag is useful for any kind
of memory with elevated permissions, or where there can be related
permissions changes on the directmap. Today this is RO+X and RO memory.

Although this enables directly vfreeing non-writeable memory now,
non-writable memory cannot be freed in an interrupt because the allocation
itself is used as a node on deferred free list. So when RO memory needs to
be freed in an interrupt the code doing the vfree needs to have its own
work queue, as was the case before the deferred vfree list was added to
vmalloc.

For architectures with set_direct_map_ implementations this whole operation
can be done with one TLB flush when centralized like this. For others with
directmap permissions, currently only arm64, a backup method using
set_memory functions is used to reset the directmap. When arm64 adds
set_direct_map_ functions, this backup can be removed.

When the TLB is flushed to both remove TLB entries for the vmalloc range
mapping and the direct map permissions, the lazy purge operation could be
done to try to save a TLB flush later. However today vm_unmap_aliases
could flush a TLB range that does not include the directmap. So a helper
is added with extra parameters that can allow both the vmalloc address and
the direct mapping to be flushed during this operation. The behavior of the
normal vm_unmap_aliases function is unchanged.
Suggested-by: NDave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Suggested-by: NAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: NWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: NRick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: <deneen.t.dock@intel.com>
Cc: <kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com>
Cc: <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <linux_dti@icloud.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190426001143.4983-17-namit@vmware.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      868b104d
  19. 06 3月, 2019 9 次提交
  21. 29 12月, 2018 1 次提交
  23. 27 10月, 2018 2 次提交
  25. 18 8月, 2018 1 次提交
  27. 15 6月, 2018 1 次提交
  29. 08 6月, 2018 3 次提交
  31. 16 5月, 2018 2 次提交
  33. 22 2月, 2018 1 次提交
  35. 14 10月, 2017 1 次提交
    • J
      Revert "vmalloc: back off when the current task is killed" · b8c8a338
      由 Johannes Weiner 提交于 
      This reverts commits 5d17a73a ("vmalloc: back off when the current
task is killed") and 171012f5 ("mm: don't warn when vmalloc() fails
due to a fatal signal").

Commit 5d17a73a ("vmalloc: back off when the current task is
killed") made all vmalloc allocations from a signal-killed task fail.
We have seen crashes in the tty driver from this, where a killed task
exiting tries to switch back to N_TTY, fails n_tty_open because of the
vmalloc failing, and later crashes when dereferencing tty->disc_data.

Arguably, relying on a vmalloc() call to succeed in order to properly
exit a task is not the most robust way of doing things.  There will be a
follow-up patch to the tty code to fall back to the N_NULL ldisc.

But the justification to make that vmalloc() call fail like this isn't
convincing, either.  The patch mentions an OOM victim exhausting the
memory reserves and thus deadlocking the machine.  But the OOM killer is
only one, improbable source of fatal signals.  It doesn't make sense to
fail allocations preemptively with plenty of memory in most cases.

The patch doesn't mention real-life instances where vmalloc sites would
exhaust memory, which makes it sound more like a theoretical issue to
begin with.  But just in case, the OOM access to memory reserves has
been restricted on the allocator side in cd04ae1e ("mm, oom: do not
rely on TIF_MEMDIE for memory reserves access"), which should take care
of any theoretical concerns on that front.

Revert this patch, and the follow-up that suppresses the allocation
warnings when we fail the allocations due to a signal.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171004185906.GB2136@cmpxchg.org
Fixes:  171012f5 ("mm: don't warn when vmalloc() fails due to a fatal signal")
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@llwyncelyn.cymru>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      b8c8a338