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  1. 30 1月, 2019 1 次提交
  3. 19 5月, 2018 1 次提交
  5. 16 5月, 2018 2 次提交
  7. 12 3月, 2018 6 次提交
    • K
      x86/boot/compressed/64: Handle 5-level paging boot if kernel is above 4G · 194a9749
      由 Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于 
      This patch addresses a shortcoming in current boot process on machines
that supports 5-level paging.

If a bootloader enables 64-bit mode with 4-level paging, we might need to
switch over to 5-level paging. The switching requires the disabling
paging. It works fine if kernel itself is loaded below 4G.

But if the bootloader put the kernel above 4G (not sure if anybody does
this), we would lose control as soon as paging is disabled, because the
code becomes unreachable to the CPU.

This patch implements a trampoline in lower memory to handle this
situation.

We only need the memory for a very short time, until the main kernel
image sets up own page tables.

We go through the trampoline even if we don't have to: if we're already
in 5-level paging mode or if we don't need to switch to it. This way the
trampoline gets tested on every boot.
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180312100246.89175-5-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      194a9749
    • K
      x86/boot/compressed/64: Use page table in trampoline memory · 0a1756bd
      由 Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于 
      If a bootloader enables 64-bit mode with 4-level paging, we might need to
switch over to 5-level paging. The switching requires the disabling
paging. It works fine if kernel itself is loaded below 4G.

But if the bootloader put the kernel above 4G (i.e. in kexec() case),
we would lose control as soon as paging is disabled, because the code
becomes unreachable to the CPU.

To handle the situation, we need a trampoline in lower memory that would
take care of switching on 5-level paging.

Apart from the trampoline code itself we also need a place to store
top-level page table in lower memory as we don't have a way to load
64-bit values into CR3 in 32-bit mode. We only really need 8 bytes there
as we only use the very first entry of the page table. But we allocate a
whole page anyway.

This patch switches 32-bit code to use page table in trampoline memory.
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180312100246.89175-4-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      0a1756bd
    • K
      x86/boot/compressed/64: Use stack from trampoline memory · f7ff53e4
      由 Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于 
      As the first step on using trampoline memory, let's make 32-bit code use
stack there.

Separate stack is required to return back from trampoline and we cannot
user stack from 64-bit mode as it may be above 4G.
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180312100246.89175-3-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      f7ff53e4
    • K
      x86/boot/compressed/64: Make sure we have a 32-bit code segment · 7beebacc
      由 Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于 
      When kernel starts in 64-bit mode we inherit the GDT from the bootloader.
It may cause a problem if the GDT doesn't have a 32-bit code segment
where we expect it to be.

Load our own GDT with known segments.
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180312100246.89175-2-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      7beebacc
    • K
      x86/boot/compressed/64: Set up trampoline memory · 32fcefa2
      由 Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于 
      This patch clears up trampoline memory and copies trampoline code in
place. It's not yet used though.
Tested-by: NBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180226180451.86788-5-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      32fcefa2
    • K
      x86/boot/compressed/64: Save and restore trampoline memory · fb526835
      由 Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于 
      The memory area we found for trampoline shouldn't contain anything
useful. But let's preserve the data anyway. Just to be on safe side.

paging_prepare() would save the data into a buffer.

cleanup_trampoline() would restore it back once we are done with the
trampoline.
Tested-by: NBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180226180451.86788-4-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      fb526835
  9. 11 2月, 2018 1 次提交
  11. 07 12月, 2017 1 次提交
  13. 07 11月, 2017 1 次提交
    • T
      x86/boot: Add early boot support when running with SEV active · 1958b5fc
      由 Tom Lendacky 提交于 
      Early in the boot process, add checks to determine if the kernel is
running with Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) active.

Checking for SEV requires checking that the kernel is running under a
hypervisor (CPUID 0x00000001, bit 31), that the SEV feature is available
(CPUID 0x8000001f, bit 1) and then checking a non-interceptable SEV MSR
(0xc0010131, bit 0).

This check is required so that during early compressed kernel booting the
pagetables (both the boot pagetables and KASLR pagetables (if enabled) are
updated to include the encryption mask so that when the kernel is
decompressed into encrypted memory, it can boot properly.

After the kernel is decompressed and continues booting the same logic is
used to check if SEV is active and set a flag indicating so.  This allows
to distinguish between SME and SEV, each of which have unique differences
in how certain things are handled: e.g. DMA (always bounce buffered with
SEV) or EFI tables (always access decrypted with SME).
Signed-off-by: NTom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: NBrijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: NBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Tested-by: NBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171020143059.3291-13-brijesh.singh@amd.com
      1958b5fc
  15. 02 11月, 2017 1 次提交
    • G
      License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license · b2441318
      由 Greg Kroah-Hartman 提交于 
      Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: NKate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NPhilippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
      b2441318
  17. 29 8月, 2017 1 次提交
    • J
      x86/boot/64: Extract efi_pe_entry() from startup_64() · 9e085cef
      由 Jiri Slaby 提交于 
      Similarly to the 32-bit code, efi_pe_entry body() is somehow squashed into
startup_64().

In the old days, we forced startup_64() to start at offset 0x200 and efi_pe_entry()
to start at 0x210. But this requirement was removed long time ago, in:

  99f857db ("x86, build: Dynamically find entry points in compressed startup code")

The way it is now makes the code less readable and illogical. Given
we can now safely extract the inlined efi_pe_entry() body from
startup_64() into a separate function, we do so.

We also annotate the function appropriatelly by ENTRY+ENDPROC.

ABI offsets are preserved:

  0000000000000000 T startup_32
  0000000000000200 T startup_64
  0000000000000390 T efi64_stub_entry

On the top-level, it looked like:

	.org 0x200
	ENTRY(startup_64)
	#ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB		; start of inlined
		jmp     preferred_addr
	GLOBAL(efi_pe_entry)
		... ; a lot of assembly (efi_pe_entry)
		leaq    preferred_addr(%rax), %rax
		jmp     *%rax
	preferred_addr:
	#endif				; end of inlined
		... ; a lot of assembly (startup_64)
	ENDPROC(startup_64)

And it is now converted into:

	.org 0x200
	ENTRY(startup_64)
		... ; a lot of assembly (startup_64)
	ENDPROC(startup_64)

	#ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
	ENTRY(efi_pe_entry)
		... ; a lot of assembly (efi_pe_entry)
		leaq    startup_64(%rax), %rax
		jmp     *%rax
	ENDPROC(efi_pe_entry)
	#endif
Signed-off-by: NJiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170824073327.4129-2-jslaby@suse.czSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      9e085cef
  19. 13 6月, 2017 1 次提交
    • K
      x86/boot/compressed: Enable 5-level paging during decompression stage · 34bbb000
      由 Kirill A. Shutemov 提交于 
      We need to cover two basic cases: when bootloader left us in 32-bit mode
and when bootloader enabled long mode.

The patch implements unified codepath to enabled 5-level paging for both
cases. It means case when we start in 32-bit mode, we first enable long
mode with 4-level and then switch over to 5-level paging.

Switching from 4-level to 5-level paging is not trivial. We cannot do it
directly. Setting LA57 in long mode would trigger #GP. So we need to
switch off long mode first and the then re-enable with 5-level paging.

NOTE: The need of switching off long mode means we are in trouble if
bootloader put us above 4G boundary. If bootloader wants to boot 5-level
paging kernel, it has to put kernel below 4G or enable 5-level paging on
it's own, so we could avoid the step.
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170606113133.22974-7-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      34bbb000
  21. 07 2月, 2017 1 次提交
  23. 07 11月, 2016 1 次提交
  25. 09 9月, 2016 1 次提交
    • L
      x86/efi: Allow invocation of arbitrary boot services · 0a637ee6
      由 Lukas Wunner 提交于 
      We currently allow invocation of 8 boot services with efi_call_early().
Not included are LocateHandleBuffer and LocateProtocol in particular.
For graphics output or to retrieve PCI ROMs and Apple device properties,
we're thus forced to use the LocateHandle + AllocatePool + LocateHandle
combo, which is cumbersome and needs more code.

The ARM folks allow invocation of the full set of boot services but are
restricted to our 8 boot services in functions shared across arches.

Thus, rather than adding just LocateHandleBuffer and LocateProtocol to
struct efi_config, let's rework efi_call_early() to allow invocation of
arbitrary boot services by selecting the 64 bit vs 32 bit code path in
the macro itself.

When compiling for 32 bit or for 64 bit without mixed mode, the unused
code path is optimized away and the binary code is the same as before.
But on 64 bit with mixed mode enabled, this commit adds one compare
instruction to each invocation of a boot service and, depending on the
code path selected, two jump instructions. (Most of the time gcc
arranges the jumps in the 32 bit code path.) The result is a minuscule
performance penalty and the binary code becomes slightly larger and more
difficult to read when disassembled. This isn't a hot path, so these
drawbacks are arguably outweighed by the attainable simplification of
the C code. We have some overhead anyway for thunking or conversion
between calling conventions.

The 8 boot services can consequently be removed from struct efi_config.

No functional change intended (for now).

Example -- invocation of free_pool before (64 bit code path):
0x2d4      movq  %ds:efi_early, %rdx          ; efi_early
0x2db      movq  %ss:arg_0-0x20(%rsp), %rsi
0x2e0      xorl  %eax, %eax
0x2e2      movq  %ds:0x28(%rdx), %rdi         ; efi_early->free_pool
0x2e6      callq *%ds:0x58(%rdx)              ; efi_early->call()

Example -- invocation of free_pool after (64 / 32 bit mixed code path):
0x0dc      movq  %ds:efi_early, %rax          ; efi_early
0x0e3      cmpb  $0, %ds:0x28(%rax)           ; !efi_early->is64 ?
0x0e7      movq  %ds:0x20(%rax), %rdx         ; efi_early->call()
0x0eb      movq  %ds:0x10(%rax), %rax         ; efi_early->boot_services
0x0ef      je    $0x150
0x0f1      movq  %ds:0x48(%rax), %rdi         ; free_pool (64 bit)
0x0f5      xorl  %eax, %eax
0x0f7      callq *%rdx
...
0x150      movl  %ds:0x30(%rax), %edi         ; free_pool (32 bit)
0x153      jmp   $0x0f5

Size of eboot.o text section:
CONFIG_X86_32:                         6464 before, 6318 after
CONFIG_X86_64 && !CONFIG_EFI_MIXED:    7670 before, 7573 after
CONFIG_X86_64 &&  CONFIG_EFI_MIXED:    7670 before, 8319 after
Signed-off-by: NLukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
      0a637ee6
  27. 07 5月, 2016 1 次提交
    • K
      x86/KASLR: Build identity mappings on demand · 3a94707d
      由 Kees Cook 提交于 
      Currently KASLR only supports relocation in a small physical range (from
16M to 1G), due to using the initial kernel page table identity mapping.
To support ranges above this, we need to have an identity mapping for the
desired memory range before we can decompress (and later run) the kernel.

32-bit kernels already have the needed identity mapping. This patch adds
identity mappings for the needed memory ranges on 64-bit kernels. This
happens in two possible boot paths:

If loaded via startup_32(), we need to set up the needed identity map.

If loaded from a 64-bit bootloader, the bootloader will have already
set up an identity mapping, and we'll start via the compressed kernel's
startup_64(). In this case, the bootloader's page tables need to be
avoided while selecting the new uncompressed kernel location. If not,
the decompressor could overwrite them during decompression.

To accomplish this, we could walk the pagetable and find every page
that is used, and add them to mem_avoid, but this needs extra code and
will require increasing the size of the mem_avoid array.

Instead, we can create a new set of page tables for our own identity
mapping instead. The pages for the new page table will come from the
_pagetable section of the compressed kernel, which means they are
already contained by in mem_avoid array. To do this, we reuse the code
from the uncompressed kernel's identity mapping routines.

The _pgtable will be shared by both the 32-bit and 64-bit paths to reduce
init_size, as now the compressed kernel's _rodata to _end will contribute
to init_size.

To handle the possible mappings, we need to increase the existing page
table buffer size:

When booting via startup_64(), we need to cover the old VO, params,
cmdline and uncompressed kernel. In an extreme case we could have them
all beyond the 512G boundary, which needs (2+2)*4 pages with 2M mappings.
And we'll need 2 for first 2M for VGA RAM. One more is needed for level4.
This gets us to 19 pages total.

When booting via startup_32(), KASLR could move the uncompressed kernel
above 4G, so we need to create extra identity mappings, which should only
need (2+2) pages at most when it is beyond the 512G boundary. So 19
pages is sufficient for this case as well.

The resulting BOOT_*PGT_SIZE defines use the "_SIZE" suffix on their
names to maintain logical consistency with the existing BOOT_HEAP_SIZE
and BOOT_STACK_SIZE defines.

This patch is based on earlier patches from Yinghai Lu and Baoquan He.
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com
Cc: lasse.collin@tukaani.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462572095-11754-4-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      3a94707d
  29. 29 4月, 2016 2 次提交
    • Y
      x86/KASLR: Clean up unused code from old 'run_size' and rename it to 'kernel_total_size' · 4d2d5424
      由 Yinghai Lu 提交于 
      Since 'run_size' is now calculated in misc.c, the old script and associated
argument passing is no longer needed. This patch removes them, and renames
'run_size' to the more descriptive 'kernel_total_size'.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NBaoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
[ Rewrote the changelog, renamed 'run_size' to 'kernel_total_size' ]
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: lasse.collin@tukaani.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461888548-32439-6-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      4d2d5424
    • Y
      x86/boot: Move compressed kernel to the end of the decompression buffer · 974f221c
      由 Yinghai Lu 提交于 
      This change makes later calculations about where the kernel is located
easier to reason about. To better understand this change, we must first
clarify what 'VO' and 'ZO' are. These values were introduced in commits
by hpa:

  77d1a499 ("x86, boot: make symbols from the main vmlinux available")
  37ba7ab5 ("x86, boot: make kernel_alignment adjustable; new bzImage fields")

Specifically:

All names prefixed with 'VO_':

 - relate to the uncompressed kernel image

 - the size of the VO image is: VO__end-VO__text ("VO_INIT_SIZE" define)

All names prefixed with 'ZO_':

 - relate to the bootable compressed kernel image (boot/compressed/vmlinux),
   which is composed of the following memory areas:
     - head text
     - compressed kernel (VO image and relocs table)
     - decompressor code

 - the size of the ZO image is: ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 ("ZO_INIT_SIZE" define, though see below)

The 'INIT_SIZE' value is used to find the larger of the two image sizes:

 #define ZO_INIT_SIZE    (ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 + ZO_z_extract_offset)
 #define VO_INIT_SIZE    (VO__end - VO__text)

 #if ZO_INIT_SIZE > VO_INIT_SIZE
 # define INIT_SIZE ZO_INIT_SIZE
 #else
 # define INIT_SIZE VO_INIT_SIZE
 #endif

The current code uses extract_offset to decide where to position the
copied ZO (i.e. ZO starts at extract_offset). (This is why ZO_INIT_SIZE
currently includes the extract_offset.)

Why does z_extract_offset exist? It's needed because we are trying to minimize
the amount of RAM used for the whole act of creating an uncompressed, executable,
properly relocation-linked kernel image in system memory. We do this so that
kernels can be booted on even very small systems.

To achieve the goal of minimal memory consumption we have implemented an in-place
decompression strategy: instead of cleanly separating the VO and ZO images and
also allocating some memory for the decompression code's runtime needs, we instead
create this elaborate layout of memory buffers where the output (decompressed)
stream, as it progresses, overlaps with and destroys the input (compressed)
stream. This can only be done safely if the ZO image is placed to the end of the
VO range, plus a certain amount of safety distance to make sure that when the last
bytes of the VO range are decompressed, the compressed stream pointer is safely
beyond the end of the VO range.

z_extract_offset is calculated in arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c during
the build process, at a point when we know the exact compressed and
uncompressed size of the kernel images and can calculate this safe minimum
offset value. (Note that the mkpiggy.c calculation is not perfect, because
we don't know the decompressor used at that stage, so the z_extract_offset
calculation is necessarily imprecise and is mostly based on gzip internals -
we'll improve that in the next patch.)

When INIT_SIZE is bigger than VO_INIT_SIZE (uncommon but possible),
the copied ZO occupies the memory from extract_offset to the end of
decompression buffer. It overlaps with the soon-to-be-uncompressed kernel
like this:

                            |-----compressed kernel image------|
                            V                                  V
0                       extract_offset                      +INIT_SIZE
|-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
            |               |                         |        |
          VO__text      startup_32 of ZO          VO__end    ZO__end
            ^                                         ^
            |-------uncompressed kernel image---------|

When INIT_SIZE is equal to VO_INIT_SIZE (likely) there's still space
left from end of ZO to the end of decompressing buffer, like below.

                            |-compressed kernel image-|
                            V                         V
0                       extract_offset                      +INIT_SIZE
|-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
            |               |                         |        |
          VO__text      startup_32 of ZO          ZO__end    VO__end
            ^                                                  ^
            |------------uncompressed kernel image-------------|

To simplify calculations and avoid special cases, it is cleaner to
always place the compressed kernel image in memory so that ZO__end
is at the end of the decompression buffer, instead of placing t at
the start of extract_offset as is currently done.

This patch adds BP_init_size (which is the INIT_SIZE as passed in from
the boot_params) into asm-offsets.c to make it visible to the assembly
code.

Then when moving the ZO, it calculates the starting position of
the copied ZO (via BP_init_size and the ZO run size) so that the VO__end
will be at the end of the decompression buffer. To make the position
calculation safe, the end of ZO is page aligned (and a comment is added
to the existing VO alignment for good measure).
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
[ Rewrote changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: lasse.collin@tukaani.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461888548-32439-3-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
[ Rewrote the changelog some more. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      974f221c
  31. 19 4月, 2016 1 次提交
    • K
      x86/boot: Clarify purpose of functions in misc.c · c0402881
      由 Kees Cook 提交于 
      The function "decompress_kernel" now performs many more duties, so this
patch renames it to "extract_kernel" and updates callers and comments.
Additionally the file header comment for misc.c is improved to actually
describe what is contained.
Suggested-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460997735-24785-5-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      c0402881
  33. 29 3月, 2016 1 次提交
    • H
      x86/build: Build compressed x86 kernels as PIE · 6d92bc9d
      由 H.J. Lu 提交于 
      The 32-bit x86 assembler in binutils 2.26 will generate R_386_GOT32X
relocation to get the symbol address in PIC.  When the compressed x86
kernel isn't built as PIC, the linker optimizes R_386_GOT32X relocations
to their fixed symbol addresses.  However, when the compressed x86
kernel is loaded at a different address, it leads to the following
load failure:

  Failed to allocate space for phdrs

during the decompression stage.

If the compressed x86 kernel is relocatable at run-time, it should be
compiled with -fPIE, instead of -fPIC, if possible and should be built as
Position Independent Executable (PIE) so that linker won't optimize
R_386_GOT32X relocation to its fixed symbol address.

Older linkers generate R_386_32 relocations against locally defined
symbols, _bss, _ebss, _got and _egot, in PIE.  It isn't wrong, just less
optimal than R_386_RELATIVE.  But the x86 kernel fails to properly handle
R_386_32 relocations when relocating the kernel.  To generate
R_386_RELATIVE relocations, we mark _bss, _ebss, _got and _egot as
hidden in both 32-bit and 64-bit x86 kernels.

To build a 64-bit compressed x86 kernel as PIE, we need to disable the
relocation overflow check to avoid relocation overflow errors. We do
this with a new linker command-line option, -z noreloc-overflow, which
got added recently:

 commit 4c10bbaa0912742322f10d9d5bb630ba4e15dfa7
 Author: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
 Date:   Tue Mar 15 11:07:06 2016 -0700

    Add -z noreloc-overflow option to x86-64 ld

    Add -z noreloc-overflow command-line option to the x86-64 ELF linker to
    disable relocation overflow check.  This can be used to avoid relocation
    overflow check if there will be no dynamic relocation overflow at
    run-time.

The 64-bit compressed x86 kernel is built as PIE only if the linker supports
-z noreloc-overflow.  So far 64-bit relocatable compressed x86 kernel
boots fine even when it is built as a normal executable.
Signed-off-by: NH.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
[ Edited the changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      6d92bc9d
  35. 02 4月, 2015 1 次提交
  37. 19 2月, 2015 1 次提交
  39. 02 11月, 2014 1 次提交
    • J
      x86, kaslr: Prevent .bss from overlaping initrd · e6023367
      由 Junjie Mao 提交于 
      When choosing a random address, the current implementation does not take into
account the reversed space for .bss and .brk sections. Thus the relocated kernel
may overlap other components in memory. Here is an example of the overlap from a
x86_64 kernel in qemu (the ranges of physical addresses are presented):

 Physical Address

    0x0fe00000                  --+--------------------+  <-- randomized base
                               /  |  relocated kernel  |
                   vmlinux.bin    | (from vmlinux.bin) |
    0x1336d000    (an ELF file)   +--------------------+--
                               \  |                    |  \
    0x1376d870                  --+--------------------+   |
                                  |    relocs table    |   |
    0x13c1c2a8                    +--------------------+   .bss and .brk
                                  |                    |   |
    0x13ce6000                    +--------------------+   |
                                  |                    |  /
    0x13f77000                    |       initrd       |--
                                  |                    |
    0x13fef374                    +--------------------+

The initrd image will then be overwritten by the memset during early
initialization:

[    1.655204] Unpacking initramfs...
[    1.662831] Initramfs unpacking failed: junk in compressed archive

This patch prevents the above situation by requiring a larger space when looking
for a random kernel base, so that existing logic can effectively avoids the
overlap.

[kees: switched to perl to avoid hex translation pain in mawk vs gawk]
[kees: calculated overlap without relocs table]

Fixes: 82fa9637 ("x86, kaslr: Select random position from e820 maps")
Reported-by: NFengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunjie Mao <eternal.n08@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1414762838-13067-1-git-send-email-eternal.n08@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
      e6023367
  41. 23 9月, 2014 1 次提交
  43. 09 9月, 2014 1 次提交
    • M
      x86/efi: Fixup GOT in all boot code paths · 9cb0e394
      由 Matt Fleming 提交于 
      Maarten reported that his Macbook pro 8.2 stopped booting after commit
f23cf8bd ("efi/x86: efistub: Move shared dependencies to
<asm/efi.h>"), the main feature of which is changing the visibility of
symbol 'efi_early' from local to global.

By making 'efi_early' global we end up requiring an entry in the Global
Offset Table. Unfortunately, while we do include code to fixup GOT
entries in the early boot code, it's only called after we've executed
the EFI boot stub.

What this amounts to is that references to 'efi_early' in the EFI boot
stub don't point to the correct place.

Since we've got multiple boot entry points we need to be prepared to
fixup the GOT in multiple places, while ensuring that we never do it
more than once, otherwise the GOT entries will still point to the wrong
place.
Reported-by: NMaarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@canonical.com>
Tested-by: NMaarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@canonical.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
      9cb0e394
  45. 17 4月, 2014 1 次提交
    • M
      x86/efi: Delete most of the efi_call* macros · 62fa6e69
      由 Matt Fleming 提交于 
      We really only need one phys and one virt function call, and then only
one assembly function to make firmware calls.

Since we are not using the C type system anyway, we're not really losing
much by deleting the macros apart from no longer having a check that
we are passing the correct number of parameters. The lack of duplicated
code seems like a worthwhile trade-off.

Cc: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
      62fa6e69
  47. 11 4月, 2014 1 次提交
  49. 05 3月, 2014 4 次提交
    • M
      x86/boot: Fix non-EFI build · 3db4cafd
      由 Matt Fleming 提交于 
      The kbuild test robot reported the following errors, introduced with
commit 54b52d87 ("x86/efi: Build our own EFI services pointer
table"),

 arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.o: In function `efi32_config':
>> (.data+0x58): undefined reference to `efi_call_phys'

 arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.o: In function `efi64_config':
>> (.data+0x90): undefined reference to `efi_call6'

Wrap the efi*_config structures in #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB so that we
don't make references to EFI functions if they're not compiled in.
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
      3db4cafd
    • M
      x86/boot: Don't overwrite cr4 when enabling PAE · 108d3f44
      由 Matt Fleming 提交于 
      Some EFI firmware makes use of the FPU during boottime services and
clearing X86_CR4_OSFXSR by overwriting %cr4 causes the firmware to
crash.

Add the PAE bit explicitly instead of trashing the existing contents,
leaving the rest of the bits as the firmware set them.

Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
      108d3f44
    • M
      x86/efi: Firmware agnostic handover entry points · b8ff87a6
      由 Matt Fleming 提交于 
      The EFI handover code only works if the "bitness" of the firmware and
the kernel match, i.e. 64-bit firmware and 64-bit kernel - it is not
possible to mix the two. This goes against the tradition that a 32-bit
kernel can be loaded on a 64-bit BIOS platform without having to do
anything special in the boot loader. Linux distributions, for one thing,
regularly run only 32-bit kernels on their live media.

Despite having only one 'handover_offset' field in the kernel header,
EFI boot loaders use two separate entry points to enter the kernel based
on the architecture the boot loader was compiled for,

    (1) 32-bit loader: handover_offset
    (2) 64-bit loader: handover_offset + 512

Since we already have two entry points, we can leverage them to infer
the bitness of the firmware we're running on, without requiring any boot
loader modifications, by making (1) and (2) valid entry points for both
CONFIG_X86_32 and CONFIG_X86_64 kernels.

To be clear, a 32-bit boot loader will always use (1) and a 64-bit boot
loader will always use (2). It's just that, if a single kernel image
supports (1) and (2) that image can be used with both 32-bit and 64-bit
boot loaders, and hence both 32-bit and 64-bit EFI.

(1) and (2) must be 512 bytes apart at all times, but that is already
part of the boot ABI and we could never change that delta without
breaking existing boot loaders anyhow.
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
      b8ff87a6
    • M
      x86/efi: Build our own EFI services pointer table · 54b52d87
      由 Matt Fleming 提交于 
      It's not possible to dereference the EFI System table directly when
booting a 64-bit kernel on a 32-bit EFI firmware because the size of
pointers don't match.

In preparation for supporting the above use case, build a list of
function pointers on boot so that callers don't have to worry about
converting pointer sizes through multiple levels of indirection.
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
      54b52d87
  51. 13 10月, 2013 1 次提交
  53. 08 8月, 2013 1 次提交
  55. 28 5月, 2013 1 次提交
  57. 02 3月, 2013 1 次提交
  59. 30 1月, 2013 1 次提交