The video sprites support various video surface formats natively and can
handle scaling as well.  So add support for them using the new DRM core
sprite support functions.

v2: use drm specific fourcc header and defines
v3: address Daniel's comments:
  - don't take struct mutex around register access (only needed for
    regs in the GT power well)
  - don't hold struct mutex across vblank waits
  - fix up update_plane API (pass obj instead of GTT offset)
  - add interlaced defines for sprite regs
  - drop unnecessary 'reg' variables
  - comment double buffered reg flushing
  Also fix w/h confusion when writing the scaling reg.
v4: more fixes, address more comments from Daniel, and include Hai's fix
  - prevent divide by zero in scaling calculation (Hai Lan)
  - update to Ville's new DRM_FORMAT_* types
  - fix sprite watermark handling (calc based on CRTC size, separate
    from normal display wm)
  - remove private refcounts now that the fb cleanups handles things
v5: add linear surface support
v6: remove color key clearing & setting from update_plane

For this version, I tested DPMS since it came up in the last review;
DPMS off/on works ok when a video player is working under X, but for
power saving we'll probably want to do something smarter.  I'll leave
that for a separate patch on top.  Likewise with the refcounting/fb
layer handling, which are really separate cleanups.
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

We learned that the ECOBUS register was inside the GT power well, and
so *did* need force wake to be read, so it gets removed from the list
of 'doesn't need force wake' registers.

That means the code reading ECOBUS after forcing the mt_force_wake
function to be called needs to use I915_READ_NOTRACE; it doesn't need
to do more force wake fun as it's already done it manually.

This also adds a comment explaining why the MT forcewake testing code
only needs to call mt_forcewake_get/put and not disable RC6 manually
-- the ECOBUS read will return 0 if the device is in RC6 and isn't
using MT forcewake, causing the test to work correctly.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>

Otherwise hangcheck spuriously fires when running blitter/bsd-only
workloads.

Contrary to a similar patch by Ben Widawsky this does not check
INSTDONE of the other rings. Chris Wilson implied that in a failure to
detect a hang, most likely because INSTDONE was fluctuating. Thus only
check ACTHD, which as far as I know is rather reliable. Also, blitter
and bsd rings can't launch complex tasks from a single instruction
(like 3D_PRIM on the render with complex or even infinite shaders).

This fixes spurious gpu hang detection when running
tests/gem_hangcheck_forcewake on snb/ivb.
Signed-Off-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Reviewed-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

This adds a default setting for semaphores parameter, and enables
semaphores by default on IVB.

For now, as semaphores interaction with VTd causes random issues on
SNB, we do not enable them by default. But they can still be enabled
via the semaphores=1 kernel parameter.

v2: enables semaphores on SNB when IO remapping is disabled, with base
on Keith Packard patch.

CC: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
CC: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
CC: Keith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
CC: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
CC: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42696
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=40564
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=41353
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=38862Reviewed-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Signed-off-by: NEugeni Dodonov <eugeni.dodonov@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

RC6 should always work on IVB, and should work on SNB whenever IO
remapping is disabled. RC6 never works on Ironlake. Make the default
value for the parameter follow these guidelines. Setting the value
to either 0 or 1 will force the specified behavior.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Reviewed-by: NKenneth Graunke <kenneth@whitecape.org>
Reviewed-by: NEugeni Dodonov <eugeni.dodonov@intel.com>
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=38567
Cc: Ted Phelps <phelps@gnusto.com>
Cc: Peter <pab1612@gmail.com>
Cc: Lukas Hejtmanek <xhejtman@fi.muni.cz>
Cc: Andrew Lutomirski <luto@mit.edu>

This prevents an in-kernel division by zero which happens when we are
asking for i915_chipset_val too quickly, or within a race condition
between the power monitoring thread and userspace accesses via debugfs.

The issue can be reproduced easily via the following command:
while ``; do cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/i915_emon_status; done

This is particularly dangerous because it can be triggered by
a non-privileged user by just reading the debugfs entry.

This issue was also found independently by Konstantin Belousov
<kostikbel@gmail.com>, who proposed a similar patch.
Reported-by: NKonstantin Belousov <kostikbel@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Acked-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Reviewed-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NEugeni Dodonov <eugeni.dodonov@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

On IVB C0+ with newer BIOSes, the forcewake handshake has changed.  There's
now a bitfield for different driver components to keep the GT powered
on.  On Linux, we centralize forcewake handling in one place, so we
still just need a single bit, but we need to use the new registers if MT
forcewake is enabled.

This needs testing on affected machines.  Please reply with your
tested-by if you had problems after a BIOS upgrade and this patch fixes
them.

v2: force MT mode. shift by 16
v3: set MT force wake bits then check ECOBUS

Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42923Tested-by: NManoj Iyer <manoj.iyer@canonical.com>
Tested-by: NRobert Hooker <robert.hooker@canonical.com>
Tested-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Testing i915_panel_use_ssc for the default value was broken, so the
driver would never autodetect the correct value.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichel Alexandre Salim <salimma@fedoraproject.org>
Tested-by: NMichel Alexandre Salim <salimma@fedoraproject.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

In preparation of to support 32 fences on Ivybdrigde.
Signed-Off-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Reviewed-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

With the tracing code in there they are far too big to inline.

.text savings compared to a non force inline kernel:

i915_restore_display                        4393   12036   +7643
i915_save_display                           4295   11459   +7164
i915_handle_error                           2979    6666   +3687
i915_driver_irq_handler                     2923    5086   +2163
i915_ringbuffer_info                         458    1661   +1203
i915_save_vga                                  -    1200   +1200
i915_driver_irq_uninstall                    453    1624   +1171
i915_driver_irq_postinstall                  913    2078   +1165
ironlake_enable_drps                         719    1872   +1153
i915_restore_vga                               -    1142   +1142
intel_display_capture_error_state            784    2030   +1246
intel_init_emon                              719    2016   +1297

and more ...

[AK: these are older numbers, with the new SNB forcewake checks
it will be even worse]
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Acked-by: NBen Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Well almost anyway.  IVB has 3 planes, pipes, transcoders, and FDI
interfaces, but only 2 pipe PLLs.  So two of the pipes must use the same
pipe timings (e.g. 2 DP plus one other, or two HDMI with the same mode
and one other, etc.).
Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Tested-By: NEugeni Dodonov <eugeni.dodonov@intel.com>
Reviewed-By: NEugeni Dodonov <eugeni.dodonov@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

I have no evidence for this byte being used this way, and lots of
counterexamples.  Restore the struct to its empirical definition and
patch up gmbus setup to match.
Signed-off-by: NAdam Jackson <ajax@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

This value doesn't come directly from the VBT, and so is rather
specific to the particular DP output.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>

Store the panel power sequencing delays in the dp private structure,
rather than the global device structure. Who knows, maybe we'll get
more than one eDP device in the future.

From the eDP spec, we need the following numbers:

 T1 + T3	Power on to Aux Channel operation (panel_power_up_delay)

		This marks how long it takes the panel to boot up and
		get ready to receive aux channel communications.

 T8		Video signal to backlight on (backlight_on_delay)

		Once a valid video signal is being sent to the device,
		it can take a while before the panel is actuall
		showing useful data. This delay allows the panel
		to get something reasonable up before the backlight
		is turned on.

 T9		Backlight off to video off (backlight_off_delay)

		Turning the backlight off can take a moment, so
		this delay makes sure there is still valid video
		data on the screen.

 T10		Video off to power off (panel_power_down_delay)

		Presumably this delay allows the panel to perform
		an orderly shutdown of the display.

 T11 + T12	Power off to power on (panel_power_cycle_delay)

		So, once you turn the panel off, you have to wait a
		while before you can turn it back on. This delay is
		usually the longest in the entire sequence.

Neither the VBIOS source code nor the hardware documentation has a
clear mapping between the delay values they provide and those required
by the eDP spec. The VBIOS code actually uses two different labels for
the delay values in the five words of the relevant VBT table.

**** MORE LATER ***

Look at both the current hardware register settings and the VBT
specified panel power sequencing timings. Use the maximum of the two
delays, to make sure things work reliably. If there is no VBT data,
then those values will be initialized to zero, so we'll just use the
values as programmed in the hardware. Note that the BIOS just fetches
delays from the VBT table to place in the hardware registers, so we
should get the same values from both places, except for rounding.

VBT doesn't provide any values for T1 or T2, so we'll always just use
the hardware value for that.

The panel power up delay is thus T1 + T2 + T3, which should be
sufficient in all cases.

The panel power down delay is T1 + T2 + T12, using T1+T2 as a proxy
for T11, which isn't available anywhere.

For the backlight delays, the eDP spec says T6 + T8 is the delay from the
end of link training to backlight on and T9 is the delay from
backlight off until video off. The hardware provides a 'backlight on'
delay, which I'm taking to be T6 + T8 while the VBT provides something
called 'T7', which I'm assuming is s

On the macbook air I'm testing with, this yields a power-up delay of
over 200ms and a power-down delay of over 600ms. It all works now, but
we're frobbing these power controls several times during mode setting,
making the whole process take an awfully long time.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

The reference clock configuration must be done before any mode setting
can occur as all outputs must be disabled to change
anything. Initialize the clocks after turning everything off during
the initialization process.

Also, re-initialize the refclk at resume time.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

This tells the driver whether a CK505 clock source is available on
pre-PCH hardware. If so, it should be used as the non-SSC source,
leaving the internal clock for use as the SSC source.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Reviewed-by: NChris Wison <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>

Add ELD support for Intel Eaglelake, IbexPeak/Ironlake,
SandyBridge/CougarPoint and IvyBridge/PantherPoint chips.

ELD (EDID-Like Data) describes to the HDMI/DP audio driver the audio
capabilities of the plugged monitor. It's built and passed to audio
driver in 2 steps:

(1) at get_modes time, parse EDID and save ELD to drm_connector.eld[]

(2) at mode_set time, write drm_connector.eld[] to the Transcoder's hw
    ELD buffer and set the ELD_valid bit to inform HDMI/DP audio driver

This patch is tested OK on G45/HDMI, IbexPeak/HDMI and IvyBridge/HDMI+DP.
Test scheme: plug in the HDMI/DP monitor, and run

        cat /proc/asound/card0/eld*

to check if the monitor name, HDMI/DP type, etc. show up correctly.

Minor imperfection: the GEN5_AUD_CNTL_ST/DIP_Port_Select field always
reads 0 (reserved). Without knowing the port number, I worked it around
by setting the ELD_valid bit for ALL the three ports. It's tested to not
be a problem, because the audio driver will find invalid ELD data and
hence rightfully abort, even when it sees the ELD_valid indicator.

Thanks to Zhenyu and Pierre-Louis for a lot of valuable help and testing.

CC: Zhao Yakui <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
CC: Wang Zhenyu <zhenyu.z.wang@intel.com>
CC: Jeremy Bush <contractfrombelow@gmail.com>
CC: Christopher White <c.white@pulseforce.com>
CC: Pierre-Louis Bossart <pierre-louis.bossart@intel.com>
CC: Paul Menzel <paulepanter@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Various issues involved with the space character were generating
warnings in the checkpatch.pl file. This patch removes most of those
warnings.
Signed-off-by: NAkshay Joshi <me@akshayjoshi.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Not all systems expose a firmware or platform mechanism for changing the backlight intensity on i915, so add native driver support.
Signed-off-by: NMatthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Cc: Alex Deucher <alexdeucher@gmail.com>
Cc: Ben Skeggs <bskeggs@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Tested-by: NSedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@googlemail.com>
Tested-by: NMichel Alexandre Salim <salimma@fedoraproject.org>
Tested-by: NKamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

At least on a Lenovo X220 the HPD bits of this are enabled at boot but
cleared after resume, which means plug interrupts stop working.

This also happens to fix DP displays re-lighting on resume.  I'm quite
certain that's an accident: the first DP link train inevitably fails on
that machine, and it's only serendipity that we're getting multiple plug
interrupts and the second train works.  But I shall take my victories
where I get them.
Signed-off-by: NAdam Jackson <ajax@redhat.com>
Tested-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Reviewed-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Align unfenced buffers on older hardware to the power-of-two object
size.  The docs suggest that it should be possible to align only to a
power-of-two tile height, but using the already computed fence size is
easier and always correct. We also have to make sure that we unbind
misaligned buffers upon tiling changes.

In order to prevent a repetition of this bug, we change the interface
to the alignment computation routines to force the caller to provide
the requested alignment and size of the GTT binding rather than assume
the current values on the object.
Reported-and-tested-by: NSitosfe Wheeler <sitsofe@yahoo.com>
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36326Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

We've tried several times to make this machine 'just work', but every
patch that does causes many other machines to fail. This adds a quirk
which special cases this hardware and forces ssc to be
disabled. There's no way to override this from the command line; that
would be a significantly more invasive change.

This patch fixes #36656 on fdo bugzilla:
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36656Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
References: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36656Reviewed-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>

Signed-off-by: NBen Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

The read back of the available FIFO entries is vital for system
stability, but extremely costly. However, we only need a guide so as to
avoid eating into the reserved entries and since we are the only
consumer we can cache the read of the count from the last write.
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NBen Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Upon review, all path share the same dependencies for updating the
registers and so we can benefit from sharing the code and checking
early.

This removes the unsightly intel_wait_for_vblank() from the lowlevel
functions and upon further analysis the only path that will require a
wait is if we are performing an instantaneous transition between two
valid FBC configurations. The page-flip path itself will have disabled
FBC registers and will have waited for at least one vblank before
finishing the flip and attempting to re-enable FBC. This wait can be
accomplished simply by delaying the enable until after we are sure that
a vblank will have passed, which we are already doing to make sure that
the display is settled before enabling FBC.
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

In order to accommodate the requirements of re-enabling FBC after
page-flipping, but to avoid doing so and incurring the cost of a wait
for vblank in the middle of a page-flip sequence, we defer the actual
enablement by 50ms. If any request to disable FBC arrive within that
interval, the enablement is cancelled and we are saved from blocking on
the wait.
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

As the enable/disable routines will be gain additional complexity in
future patches, it is necessary that all callers do not bypass the
generic interface by calling into the chipset routines directly. to do
this we make the chipset routines static, so there is no choice.
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Updating the planes is device specific, so create a new display callback
and use it in pipe_set_base.  (In fact we could go even further, valid
display plane bits have changed with each generation, as has tiled
buffer handling.)
Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Reviewed-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

This lets us make the various IRQ functions static and helps avoid
problems like the one fixed in "drm/i915: Use chipset-specific irq
installers" where one of the exported functions was called rather than
the chipset specific version.

This also fixes a UMS-mode bug -- the correct irq functions for IRL
and later chips were only getting loaded in the KMS path.
Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Reviewed-by: NBen Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Lots of register access in these functions, some of which requires the
struct mutex.

These functions now hold the struct mutex across the calls to
i915_save_display and i915_restore_display, and so the internal mutex
calls in those functions have been removed. To ensure that no-one else
was calling them (and hence violating the new required locking
invarient), those functions have been made static.

gen6_enable_rps locks the struct mutex, and so i915_restore_state
unlocks the mutex around calls to that function.
Reviewed-by: NBen Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Provide a parameter to disable hanghcheck. This is useful mostly for
developers trying to debug known problems, and probably should not be
touched by normal users.
Reviewed-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NBen Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

This makes things a little clearer and prevents us from running old code
on a new chipset that may not be supported.
Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Reviewied-by: NBen Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

We need to perform a few operations in order to move the object into the
display plane (where it can be accessed coherently by the display
engine) that are important for future safety to forbid whilst pinned. As a
result, we want to need to perform some of the operations before pinning,
but some are required once we have been bound into the GTT. So combine
the pinning performed by all the callers with set_to_display_plane(), so
this complication is contained within the single function.
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>

[anholt v2: Don't forget that when going from cached to uncached, we
haven't been tracking the write domain from the CPU perspective, since
we haven't needed it for GPU coherency.]

[ickle v3: We also need to make sure we relinquish any fences on older
chipsets and clear the GTT for sane domain tracking.]
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NEric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>

... reincarnated from i915_gem_object_flush_gpu(). The semantic
difference is that after calling finish_gpu() the object no longer
resides in any GPU domain, and so will cause the GPU caches to be
invalidated if it is ever used again.
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>

Make the audio property creation routine common and share the single
property between the connectors.
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Superseded by the tracking the render generation in the chipset
capabiltiies struct.
Signed-off-by: NChris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

FBC has too many corner cases that we don't currently deal with, so
disable it by default so we can enable more important features like RC6,
which conflicts in some configurations.

Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=31742Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Reviewed-by: NBen Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

Ibex Peak and CougarPoint already require a different setting (added
here), and future chips will likely follow that precedent.
Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Reviewed-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

This helps contain the mess to init_display() instead.
Signed-off-by: NJesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Reviewed-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Signed-off-by: NKeith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>