* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-lguest: (31 commits)
  lguest: add support for indirect ring entries
  lguest: suppress notifications in example Launcher
  lguest: try to batch interrupts on network receive
  lguest: avoid sending interrupts to Guest when no activity occurs.
  lguest: implement deferred interrupts in example Launcher
  lguest: remove obsolete LHREQ_BREAK call
  lguest: have example Launcher service all devices in separate threads
  lguest: use eventfds for device notification
  eventfd: export eventfd_signal and eventfd_fget for lguest
  lguest: allow any process to send interrupts
  lguest: PAE fixes
  lguest: PAE support
  lguest: Add support for kvm_hypercall4()
  lguest: replace hypercall name LHCALL_SET_PMD with LHCALL_SET_PGD
  lguest: use native_set_* macros, which properly handle 64-bit entries when PAE is activated
  lguest: map switcher with executable page table entries
  lguest: fix writev returning short on console output
  lguest: clean up length-used value in example launcher
  lguest: Segment selectors are 16-bit long. Fix lg_cpu.ss1 definition.
  lguest: beyond ARRAY_SIZE of cpu->arch.gdt
  ...

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-virtio:
  virtio: enhance id_matching for virtio drivers
  virtio: fix id_matching for virtio drivers
  virtio: handle short buffers in virtio_rng.
  virtio_blk: add missing __dev{init,exit} markings
  virtio: indirect ring entries (VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC)
  virtio: teach virtio_has_feature() about transport features
  virtio: expose features in sysfs
  virtio_pci: optional MSI-X support
  virtio_pci: split up vp_interrupt
  virtio: find_vqs/del_vqs virtio operations
  virtio: add names to virtqueue struct, mapping from devices to queues.
  virtio: meet virtio spec by finalizing features before using device
  virtio: fix obsolete documentation on probe function

* 'cuse' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/fuse:
  CUSE: implement CUSE - Character device in Userspace
  fuse: export symbols to be used by CUSE
  fuse: update fuse_conn_init() and separate out fuse_conn_kill()
  fuse: don't use inode in fuse_file_poll
  fuse: don't use inode in fuse_do_ioctl() helper
  fuse: don't use inode in fuse_sync_release()
  fuse: create fuse_do_open() helper for CUSE
  fuse: clean up args in fuse_finish_open() and fuse_release_fill()
  fuse: don't use inode in helpers called by fuse_direct_io()
  fuse: add members to struct fuse_file
  fuse: prepare fuse_direct_io() for CUSE
  fuse: clean up fuse_write_fill()
  fuse: use struct path in release structure
  fuse: misc cleanups

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-module-and-param:
  module: cleanup FIXME comments about trimming exception table entries.
  module: trim exception table on init free.
  module: merge module_alloc() finally
  uml module: fix uml build process due to this merge
  x86 module: merge the rest functions with macros
  x86 module: merge the same functions in module_32.c and module_64.c
  uvesafb: improve parameter handling.
  module_param: allow 'bool' module_params to be bool, not just int.
  module_param: add __same_type convenience wrapper for __builtin_types_compatible_p
  module_param: split perm field into flags and perm
  module_param: invbool should take a 'bool', not an 'int'
  cyber2000fb.c: use proper method for stopping unload if CONFIG_ARCH_SHARK

* 'for-2.6.31' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bart/ide-2.6: (29 commits)
  ide: re-implement ide_pci_init_one() on top of ide_pci_init_two()
  ide: unexport ide_find_dma_mode()
  ide: fix PowerMac bootup oops
  ide: skip probe if there are no devices on the port (v2)
  sl82c105: add printk() logging facility
  ide-tape: fix proc warning
  ide: add IDE_DFLAG_NIEN_QUIRK device flag
  ide: respect quirk_drives[] list on all controllers
  hpt366: enable all quirks for devices on quirk_drives[] list
  hpt366: sync quirk_drives[] list with pdc202xx_{new,old}.c
  ide: remove superfluous SELECT_MASK() call from do_rw_taskfile()
  ide: remove superfluous SELECT_MASK() call from ide_driveid_update()
  icside: remove superfluous ->maskproc method
  ide-tape: fix IDE_AFLAG_* atomic accesses
  ide-tape: change IDE_AFLAG_IGNORE_DSC non-atomically
  pdc202xx_old: kill resetproc() method
  pdc202xx_old: don't call pdc202xx_reset() on IRQ timeout
  pdc202xx_old: use ide_dma_test_irq()
  ide: preserve Host Protected Area by default (v2)
  ide-gd: implement block device ->set_capacity method (v2)
  ...

Merge branch 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86: Provide _sdata in the vmlinux.lds.S file
  x86: handle initrd that extends into unusable memory

Support the VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC feature.

This is a simple matter of changing the descriptor walking
code to operate on a struct vring_desc* and supplying it
with an indirect table if detected.
Signed-off-by: NMark McLoughlin <markmc@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

The Guest only really needs to tell us about activity when we're going
to listen to the eventfd: normally, we don't want to know.

So if there are no available buffers, turn on notifications, re-check,
then wait for the Guest to notify us via the eventfd, then turn
notifications off again.

There's enough else going on that the differences are in the noise.

Before:				Secs	RxKicks	TxKicks
 1G TCP Guest->Host:		3.94	  4686	  32815
 1M normal pings:		104	142862	1000010
 1M 1k pings (-l 120):		57	142026	1000007

After:
 1G TCP Guest->Host:		3.76	  4691	  32811
 1M normal pings:		111	142859	 997467
 1M 1k pings (-l 120):		55	 19648	 501549
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Rather than triggering an interrupt every time, we only trigger an
interrupt when there are no more incoming packets (or the recv queue
is full).

However, the overhead of doing the select to figure this out is
measurable: 1M pings goes from 98 to 104 seconds, and 1G Guest->Host
TCP goes from 3.69 to 3.94 seconds.  It's close to the noise though.

I tested various timeouts, including reducing it as the number of
pending packets increased, timing a 1 gigabyte TCP send from Guest ->
Host and Host -> Guest (GSO disabled, to increase packet rate).

// time tcpblast -o -s 65536 -c 16k 192.168.2.1:9999 > /dev/null

Timeout		Guest->Host	Pkts/irq	Host->Guest	Pkts/irq
Before		11.3s		1.0		6.3s		1.0
0		11.7s		1.0		6.6s		23.5
1		17.1s		8.8		8.6s		26.0
1/pending	13.4s		1.9		6.6s		23.8
2/pending	13.6s		2.8		6.6s		24.1
5/pending	14.1s		5.0		6.6s		24.4
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

If we track how many buffers we've used, we can tell whether we really
need to interrupt the Guest.  This happens as a side effect of
spurious notifications.

Spurious notifications happen because it can take a while before the
Host thread wakes up and sets the VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY flag, and
meanwhile the Guest can more notifications.

A real fix would be to use wake counts, rather than a suppression
flag, but the practical difference is generally in the noise: the
interrupt is usually coalesced into a pending one anyway so we just
save a system call which isn't clearly measurable.

				Secs	Spurious IRQS
1G TCP Guest->Host:		3.93	58
1M normal pings:		100	72
1M 1k pings (-l 120):		57	492904
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Rather than sending an interrupt on every buffer, we only send an interrupt
when we're about to wait for the Guest to send us a new one.  The console
input and network input still send interrupts manually, but the block device,
network and console output queues can simply rely on this logic to send
interrupts to the Guest at the right time.

The patch is cluttered by moving trigger_irq() higher in the code.

In practice, two factors make this optimization less interesting:
(1) we often only get one input at a time, even for networking,
(2) triggering an interrupt rapidly tends to get coalesced anyway.

Before:				Secs	RxIRQS	TxIRQs
 1G TCP Guest->Host:		3.72	32784	32771
 1M normal pings:		99	1000004	995541
 100,000 1k pings (-l 120):	5	49510	49058

After:
 1G TCP Guest->Host:		3.69	32809	32769
 1M normal pings:		99	1000004	996196
 100,000 1k pings (-l 120):	5	52435	52361

(Note the interrupt count on 100k pings goes *up*: see next patch).
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

We no longer need an efficient mechanism to force the Guest back into
host userspace, as each device is serviced without bothering the main
Guest process (aka. the Launcher).
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Currently lguest has three threads: the main Launcher thread, a Waker
thread, and a thread for the block device (because synchronous block
was simply too painful to bear).

The Waker selects() on all the input file descriptors (eg. stdin, net
devices, pipe to the block thread) and when one becomes readable it calls
into the kernel to kick the Launcher thread out into userspace, which
repeats the poll, services the device(s), and then tells the kernel to
release the Waker before re-entering the kernel to run the Guest.

Also, to make a slightly-decent network transmit routine, the Launcher
would suppress further network interrupts while it set a timer: that
signal handler would write to a pipe, which would rouse the Waker
which would prod the Launcher out of the kernel to check the network
device again.

Now we can convert all our virtqueues to separate threads: each one has
a separate eventfd for when the Guest pokes the device, and can trigger
interrupts in the Guest directly.

The linecount shows how much this simplifies, but to really bring it
home, here's an strace analysis of single Guest->Host ping before:

* Guest sends packet, notifies xmit vq, return control to Launcher
* Launcher clears notification flag on xmit ring
* Launcher writes packet to TUN device
	writev(4, [{"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 10}, {"\366\r\224`\2058\272m\224vf\274\10\0E\0\0T\0\0@\0@\1\265"..., 98}], 2) = 108
* Launcher sets up interrupt for Guest (xmit ring is empty)
	write(10, "\2\0\0\0\3\0\0\0", 8) = 0
* Launcher sets up timer for interrupt mitigation
	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, {it_interval={0, 0}, it_value={0, 505}}, NULL) = 0
* Launcher re-runs guest
	pread64(10, 0xbfa5f4d4, 4, 0) ...
* Waker notices reply packet in tun device (it was in select)
	select(12, [0 3 4 6 11], NULL, NULL, NULL) = 1 (in [4])
* Waker kicks Launcher out of guest:
	pwrite64(10, "\3\0\0\0\1\0\0\0", 8, 0) = 0
* Launcher returns from running guest:
	... = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
* Launcher looks at input fds:
	select(7, [0 3 4 6], NULL, NULL, {0, 0}) = 1 (in [4], left {0, 0})
* Launcher reads pong from tun device:
	readv(4, [{"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 10}, {"\272m\224vf\274\366\r\224`\2058\10\0E\0\0T\364\26\0\0@"..., 1518}], 2) = 108
* Launcher injects guest notification:
	write(10, "\2\0\0\0\2\0\0\0", 8) = 0
* Launcher rechecks fds:
	select(7, [0 3 4 6], NULL, NULL, {0, 0}) = 0 (Timeout)
* Launcher clears Waker:
	pwrite64(10, "\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 8, 0) = 0
* Launcher reruns Guest:
	pread64(10, 0xbfa5f4d4, 4, 0) = ? ERESTARTSYS (To be restarted)
* Signal comes in, uses pipe to wake up Launcher:
	--- SIGALRM (Alarm clock) @ 0 (0) ---
	write(8, "\0", 1)       = 1
	sigreturn()             = ? (mask now [])
* Waker sees write on pipe:
	select(12, [0 3 4 6 11], NULL, NULL, NULL) = 1 (in [6])
* Waker kicks Launcher out of Guest:
	pwrite64(10, "\3\0\0\0\1\0\0\0", 8, 0) = 0
* Launcher exits from kernel:
	pread64(10, 0xbfa5f4d4, 4, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
* Launcher looks to see what fd woke it:
	select(7, [0 3 4 6], NULL, NULL, {0, 0}) = 1 (in [6], left {0, 0})
* Launcher reads timeout fd, sets notification flag on xmit ring
	read(6, "\0", 32)       = 1
* Launcher rechecks fds:
	select(7, [0 3 4 6], NULL, NULL, {0, 0}) = 0 (Timeout)
* Launcher clears Waker:
	pwrite64(10, "\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 8, 0) = 0
* Launcher resumes Guest:
	pread64(10, "\0p\0\4", 4, 0) ....

strace analysis of single Guest->Host ping after:

* Guest sends packet, notifies xmit vq, creates event on eventfd.
* Network xmit thread wakes from read on eventfd:
	read(7, "\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 8)          = 8
* Network xmit thread writes packet to TUN device
	writev(4, [{"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 10}, {"J\217\232FI\37j\27\375\276\0\304\10\0E\0\0T\0\0@\0@\1\265"..., 98}], 2) = 108
* Network recv thread wakes up from read on tunfd:
	readv(4, [{"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 10}, {"j\27\375\276\0\304J\217\232FI\37\10\0E\0\0TiO\0\0@\1\214"..., 1518}], 2) = 108
* Network recv thread sets up interrupt for the Guest
	write(6, "\2\0\0\0\2\0\0\0", 8) = 0
* Network recv thread goes back to reading tunfd
	13:39:42.460285 readv(4,  <unfinished ...>
* Network xmit thread sets up interrupt for Guest (xmit ring is empty)
	write(6, "\2\0\0\0\3\0\0\0", 8) = 0
* Network xmit thread goes back to reading from eventfd
	read(7, <unfinished ...>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Currently, when a Guest wants to perform I/O it calls LHCALL_NOTIFY with
an address: the main Launcher process returns with this address, and figures
out what device to run.

A far nicer model is to let processes bind an eventfd to an address: if we
find one, we simply signal the eventfd.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>

lguest wants to attach eventfds to guest notifications, and lguest is
usually a module.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
To: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>

We currently only allow the Launcher process to send interrupts, but it
as we already send interrupts from the hrtimer, it's a simple matter of
extracting that code into a common set_interrupt routine.

As we switch to a thread per virtqueue, this avoids a bottleneck through the
main Launcher process.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

1) j wasn't initialized in setup_pagetables, so they weren't set up for me
   causing immediate guest crashes.

2) gpte_addr should not re-read the pmd from the Guest.  Especially
   not BUG_ON() based on the value.  If we ever supported SMP guests,
   they could trigger that.  And the Launcher could also trigger it
   (tho currently root-only).
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

This version requires that host and guest have the same PAE status.
NX cap is not offered to the guest, yet.
Signed-off-by: NMatias Zabaljauregui <zabaljauregui@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Add support for kvm_hypercall4(); PAE wants it.

Signed-off-by: Matias Zabaljauregui <zabaljauregui at gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

replace LHCALL_SET_PMD with LHCALL_SET_PGD hypercall name
(That's really what it is, and the confusion gets worse with PAE support)
Signed-off-by: NMatias Zabaljauregui <zabaljauregui@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Reported-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>

Some cleanups and replace direct assignment with native_set_* macros which properly handle 64-bit entries when PAE is activated
Signed-off-by: NMatias Zabaljauregui <zabaljauregui@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Map switcher with executable page table entries.
(This bug didn't matter before PAE and hence NX support -- RR)
Signed-off-by: NMatias Zabaljauregui <zabaljauregui@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

I've never seen it here, but I can't find anywhere that says writev
will write everything.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

The "len" field in the used ring for virtio indicates the number of
bytes *written* to the buffer.  This means the guest doesn't have to
zero the buffers in advance as it always knows the used length.

Erroneously, the console and network example code puts the length
*read* into that field.  The guest ignores it, but it's wrong.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

If GDT_ENTRIES were every > 256, this could become a problem.

Signed-off-by: Matias Zabaljauregui <zabaljauregui at gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Do not go beyond ARRAY_SIZE of cpu->arch.gdt
Signed-off-by: NRoel Kluin <roel.kluin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

18 months ago 5bbf89fc changed to loading
bzImages directly, and no longer manually ungzipping them, so we no longer
need libz.

Also, -m32 is useful for those on 64-bit platforms (and harmless on
32-bit).
Reported-by: NRon Minnich <rminnich@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

The downside of the last patch which made restore_flags and irq_enable
check interrupts is that they are now too big to be patched directly
into the callsites, so the C versions are always used.

But the C versions go via PV_CALLEE_SAVE_REGS_THUNK which saves all
the registers.  In fact, we don't need any registers in the fast path,
so we can do better than this if we actually code them in assembler.

The results are in the noise, but since it's about the same amount of
code, it's worth applying.

1GB Guest->Host: input(suppressed),output(suppressed)
Before:
	Seconds: 0:16.53
	Packets: 377268,753673
	Interrupts: 22461,24297
	Notifications: 1(5245),21303(732370)
	Net IRQs triggered: 377023(245),42578(711095)

After:
	Seconds: 0:16.48
	Packets: 377289,753673
	Interrupts: 22281,24465
	Notifications: 1(5245),21296(732377)
	Net IRQs triggered: 377060(229),42564(711109)
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

lguest never checked for pending interrupts when enabling interrupts, and
things still worked.  However, it makes a significant difference to TCP
performance, so it's time we fixed it by introducing a pending_irq flag
and checking it on irq_restore and irq_enable.

These two routines are now too big to patch into the 8/10 bytes
patch space, so we drop that code.

Note: The high latency on interrupt delivery had a very curious
effect: once everything else was optimized, networking without GSO was
faster than networking with GSO, since more interrupts were sent and
hence a greater chance of one getting through to the Guest!

Note2: (Almost) Closing the same loophole for iret doesn't have any
measurable effect, so I'm leaving that patch for the moment.

Before:
	1GB tcpblast Guest->Host:		30.7 seconds
	1GB tcpblast Guest->Host (no GSO):	76.0 seconds

After:
	1GB tcpblast Guest->Host:		6.8 seconds
	1GB tcpblast Guest->Host (no GSO):	27.8 seconds
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

When the Guest does the LHCALL_HALT hypercall, we go to sleep, expecting
that a timer or the Waker will wake_up_process() us.

But we do it in a stupid way, leaving a classic missing wakeup race.

So split maybe_do_interrupt() into interrupt_pending() and
try_deliver_interrupt(), and check maybe_do_interrupt() and the
"break_out" flag before calling schedule.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

20887611 (lguest: notify on empty) introduced
lguest support for the VIRTIO_F_NOTIFY_ON_EMPTY flag, but in fact it turned on
interrupts all the time.

Because we always process one buffer at a time, the inflight count is always 0
when call trigger_irq and so we always ignore VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT from
the Guest.

It should be looking to see if there are more buffers in the Guest's queue:
if it's empty, then we force an interrupt.

This makes little difference, since we usually have an empty queue; but
that's the subject of another patch.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

The Launcher could be inside the Guest on another CPU; wake_up_process
will do nothing because it is "running".  kick_process will knock it
back into our kernel in this case, otherwise we'll miss it until the
next guest exit.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

lguest needs kick_process: wake_up_process() does nothing if a process
is running, which isn't sufficient (we need it in the kernel).

And lguest support is usually modular.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Since the Launcher process runs the Guest, it doesn't have to be very
serious about its barriers: the Guest isn't running while we are (Guest
is UP).

Before we change to use threads to service devices, we need to fix this.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Copy from arch/x86/kernel/irqinit_32.c: we don't use the vectors beyond
LGUEST_IRQS (if any), but we might as well set them all.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

We hand the /dev/lguest fd everywhere; it's far neater to just make it
a global (it already is, in fact, hidden in the waker_fds struct).
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

We can't trust the values in the device descriptor table once the
guest has booted, so keep local copies.  They could set them to
strange values then cause us to segv (they're 8 bit values, so they
can't make our pointers go too wild).

This becomes more important with the following patches which read them.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

This patch allows a virtio driver to use VIRTIO_DEV_ANY_ID for the
device id. This will be used by a test module that can be bound to
any virtio device.
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

This bug never appeared, since all current virtio drivers use
VIRTIO_DEV_ANY_ID for the vendor field. If a real vendor would be used,
the check in virtio_id_match is wrong - it returns 0 if
id->vendor == dev->id.vendor.
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

If the device fills less than 4 bytes of our random buffer, we'll
BUG_ON.  It's nicer to handle the case where it partially fills the
buffer (the protocol doesn't explicitly bad that).
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>