Some applications still rely on IP fragmentation, and to be fair linux
reassembly unit is not working under any serious load.

It uses static hash tables of 1024 buckets, and up to 128 items per bucket (!!!)

A work queue is supposed to garbage collect items when host is under memory
pressure, and doing a hash rebuild, changing seed used in hash computations.

This work queue blocks softirqs for up to 25 ms when doing a hash rebuild,
occurring every 5 seconds if host is under fire.

Then there is the problem of sharing this hash table for all netns.

It is time to switch to rhashtables, and allocate one of them per netns
to speedup netns dismantle, since this is a critical metric these days.

Lookup is now using RCU. A followup patch will even remove
the refcount hold/release left from prior implementation and save
a couple of atomic operations.

Before this patch, 16 cpus (16 RX queue NIC) could not handle more
than 1 Mpps frags DDOS.

After the patch, I reach 9 Mpps without any tuning, and can use up to 2GB
of storage for the fragments (exact number depends on frags being evicted
after timeout)

$ grep FRAG /proc/net/sockstat
FRAG: inuse 1966916 memory 2140004608

A followup patch will change the limits for 64bit arches.
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Aring <alex.aring@gmail.com>
Cc: Stefan Schmidt <stefan@osg.samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

We want to call inet_frags_init() earlier.

This is a prereq to "inet: frags: use rhashtables for reassembly units"
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

In order to simplify the API, add a pointer to struct inet_frags.
This will allow us to make things less complex.

These functions no longer have a struct inet_frags parameter :

inet_frag_destroy(struct inet_frag_queue *q  /*, struct inet_frags *f */)
inet_frag_put(struct inet_frag_queue *q /*, struct inet_frags *f */)
inet_frag_kill(struct inet_frag_queue *q /*, struct inet_frags *f */)
inet_frags_exit_net(struct netns_frags *nf /*, struct inet_frags *f */)
ip6_expire_frag_queue(struct net *net, struct frag_queue *fq)
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

We will soon initialize one rhashtable per struct netns_frags
in inet_frags_init_net().

This patch changes the return value to eventually propagate an
error.
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

IPv4 was changed in commit 52a773d6 ("net: Export ip fragment
sysctl to unprivileged users")

The only sysctl that is not per-netns is not used :
ip6frag_secret_interval
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Nikolay Borisov <kernel@kyup.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Synchronous pernet_operations are not allowed anymore.
All are asynchronous. So, drop the structure member.
Signed-off-by: NKirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Exit methods calls inet_frags_exit_net() with global ip6_frags
as argument. So, after we make the pernet_operations async,
a pair of exit methods may be called to iterate this hash table.
Since there is inet_frag_worker(), which already may work
in parallel with inet_frags_exit_net(), and it can make the same
cleanup, that inet_frags_exit_net() does, it's safe. So we may
mark these pernet_operations as async.
Signed-off-by: NKirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

In preparation for unconditionally passing the struct timer_list pointer to
all timer callbacks, switch to using the new timer_setup() and from_timer()
to pass the timer pointer explicitly.

Cc: Alexander Aring <alex.aring@gmail.com>
Cc: Stefan Schmidt <stefan@osg.samsung.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
Cc: Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Cc: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Cc: Jozsef Kadlecsik <kadlec@blackhole.kfki.hu>
Cc: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Cc: linux-wpan@vger.kernel.org
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Cc: netfilter-devel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: coreteam@netfilter.org
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Stefan Schmidt <stefan@osg.samsung.com> # for ieee802154
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This reverts commit 1d6119ba.

After reverting commit 6d7b857d ("net: use lib/percpu_counter API
for fragmentation mem accounting") then here is no need for this
fix-up patch.  As percpu_counter is no longer used, it cannot
memory leak it any-longer.

Fixes: 6d7b857d ("net: use lib/percpu_counter API for fragmentation mem accounting")
Fixes: 1d6119ba ("net: fix percpu memory leaks")
Signed-off-by: NJesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

IP6CB and IPCB have a frag_max_size field. In IPv6 this field is
filled in when packets are reassembled by the connection tracking
code. Also fill in when reassembling in the input path, to expose
it through cmsg IPV6_RECVFRAGSIZE in all cases.
Signed-off-by: NWillem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Acked-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Otherwise we'll overflow the integer. This occurs when layer 3 tunneled
packets are handed off to the IPv6 layer.
Signed-off-by: NJason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Rename IP6_INC_STATS_BH() to __IP6_INC_STATS()
and IP6_ADD_STATS_BH() to __IP6_ADD_STATS()
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Replace individual implementations with the recently introduced
skb_postpush_rcsum() helper.
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: NTom Herbert <tom@herbertland.com>
Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

The only user was removed in commit
029f7f3b ("netfilter: ipv6: nf_defrag: avoid/free clone operations").
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

If a fragmented multicast packet is received on an ethernet device which
has an active macvlan on top of it, each fragment is duplicated and
received both on the underlying device and the macvlan. If some
fragments for macvlan are processed before the whole packet for the
underlying device is reassembled, the "overlapping fragments" test in
ip6_frag_queue() discards the whole fragment queue.

To resolve this, add device ifindex to the search key and require it to
match reassembling multicast packets and packets to link-local
addresses.

Note: similar patch has been already submitted by Yoshifuji Hideaki in

  http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/220979/

but got lost and forgotten for some reason.
Signed-off-by: NMichal Kubecek <mkubecek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This patch fixes following problems :

1) percpu_counter_init() can return an error, therefore
  init_frag_mem_limit() must propagate this error so that
  inet_frags_init_net() can do the same up to its callers.

2) If ip[46]_frags_ns_ctl_register() fail, we must unwind
   properly and free the percpu_counter.

Without this fix, we leave freed object in percpu_counters
global list (if CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) leading to crashes.

This bug was detected by KASAN and syzkaller tool
(http://github.com/google/syzkaller)

Fixes: 6d7b857d ("net: use lib/percpu_counter API for fragmentation mem accounting")
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: NDmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

We can simply remove the INET_FRAG_EVICTED flag to avoid all the flags
race conditions with the evictor and use a participation test for the
evictor list, when we're at that point (after inet_frag_kill) in the
timer there're 2 possible cases:

1. The evictor added the entry to its evictor list while the timer was
waiting for the chainlock
or
2. The timer unchained the entry and the evictor won't see it

In both cases we should be able to see list_evictor correctly due
to the sync on the chainlock.

Joint work with Florian Westphal.
Tested-by: NFrank Schreuder <fschreuder@transip.nl>
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Followup patch will call it after inet_frag_queue was freed, so q->net
doesn't work anymore (but netf = q->net; free(q); mem_limit(netf) would).
Tested-by: NFrank Schreuder <fschreuder@transip.nl>
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

The ipv6 code uses a mixture of coding styles. In some instances check for NULL
pointer is done as x != NULL and sometimes as x. x is preferred according to
checkpatch and this patch makes the code consistent by adopting the latter
form.

No changes detected by objdiff.
Signed-off-by: NIan Morris <ipm@chirality.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

The ipv6 code uses a mixture of coding styles. In some instances check for NULL
pointer is done as x == NULL and sometimes as !x. !x is preferred according to
checkpatch and this patch makes the code consistent by adopting the latter
form.

No changes detected by objdiff.
Signed-off-by: NIan Morris <ipm@chirality.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This change has no functional impact and simply addresses some coding
style issues detected by checkpatch. Specifically this change
adjusts "if" statements which also include the assignment of a
variable.

No changes to the resultant object files result as determined by objdiff.
Signed-off-by: NIan Morris <ipm@chirality.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

remove __inline__ / inline and let compiler decide what to do
with static functions
Inspired-by: N"David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: NFabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This patch makes no changes to the logic of the code but simply addresses
coding style issues as detected by checkpatch.

Both objdump and diff -w show no differences.

This patch addresses structure definitions, specifically it cleanses the brace
placement and replaces spaces with tabs in a few places.
Signed-off-by: NIan Morris <ipm@chirality.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This patch makes no changes to the logic of the code but simply addresses
coding style issues as detected by checkpatch.

Both objdump and diff -w show no differences.

A number of items are addressed in this patch:
* Multiple spaces converted to tabs
* Spaces before tabs removed.
* Spaces in pointer typing cleansed (char *)foo etc.
* Remove space after sizeof
* Ensure spacing around comparators such as if statements.
Signed-off-by: NIan Morris <ipm@chirality.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Use kmem_cache to allocate/free inet_frag_queue objects since they're
all the same size per inet_frags user and are alloced/freed in high volumes
thus making it a perfect case for kmem_cache.
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Now that we have INET_FRAG_EVICTED we might as well use it to stop
sending icmp messages in the "frag_expire" functions instead of
stripping INET_FRAG_FIRST_IN from their flags when evicting.
Also fix the comment style in ip6_expire_frag_queue().
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

The last_in field has been used to store various flags different from
first/last frag in so give it a more descriptive name: flags.
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Softirqs are already disabled so no need to do it again, thus let's be
consistent and use the IP6_INC_STATS_BH variant.
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This patch makes init_net's high_thresh limit to be the maximum for all
namespaces, thus introducing a global memory limit threshold equal to the
sum of the individual high_thresh limits which are capped.
It also introduces some sane minimums for low_thresh as it shouldn't be
able to drop below 0 (or > high_thresh in the unsigned case), and
overall low_thresh should not ever be above high_thresh, so we make the
following relations for a namespace:
init_net:
 high_thresh - max(not capped), min(init_net low_thresh)
 low_thresh - max(init_net high_thresh), min (0)

all other namespaces:
 high_thresh = max(init_net high_thresh), min(namespace's low_thresh)
 low_thresh = max(namespace's high_thresh), min(0)

The major issue with having low_thresh > high_thresh is that we'll
schedule eviction but never evict anything and thus rely only on the
timers.
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

rehash is rare operation, don't force readers to take
the read-side rwlock.

Instead, we only have to detect the (rare) case where
the secret was altered while we are trying to insert
a new inetfrag queue into the table.

If it was changed, drop the bucket lock and recompute
the hash to get the 'new' chain bucket that we have to
insert into.

Joint work with Nikolay Aleksandrov.
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

merge functionality into the eviction workqueue.

Instead of rebuilding every n seconds, take advantage of the upper
hash chain length limit.

If we hit it, mark table for rebuild and schedule workqueue.
To prevent frequent rebuilds when we're completely overloaded,
don't rebuild more than once every 5 seconds.

ipfrag_secret_interval sysctl is now obsolete and has been marked as
deprecated, it still can be changed so scripts won't be broken but it
won't have any effect. A comment is left above each unused secret_timer
variable to avoid confusion.

Joint work with Nikolay Aleksandrov.
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

no longer used.
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

When the high_thresh limit is reached we try to toss the 'oldest'
incomplete fragment queues until memory limits are below the low_thresh
value.  This happens in softirq/packet processing context.

This has two drawbacks:

1) processors might evict a queue that was about to be completed
by another cpu, because they will compete wrt. resource usage and
resource reclaim.

2) LRU list maintenance is expensive.

But when constantly overloaded, even the 'least recently used' element is
recent, so removing 'lru' queue first is not 'fairer' than removing any
other fragment queue.

This moves eviction out of the fast path:

When the low threshold is reached, a work queue is scheduled
which then iterates over the table and removes the queues that exceed
the memory limits of the namespace. It sets a new flag called
INET_FRAG_EVICTED on the evicted queues so the proper counters will get
incremented when the queue is forcefully expired.

When the high threshold is reached, no more fragment queues are
created until we're below the limit again.

The LRU list is now unused and will be removed in a followup patch.

Joint work with Nikolay Aleksandrov.
Suggested-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NNikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

First step to move eviction handling into a work queue.

We lose two spots that accounted evicted fragments in MIB counters.

Accounting will be restored since the upcoming work-queue evictor
invokes the frag queue timer callbacks instead.
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

hide actual hash size from individual users: The _find
function will now fold the given hash value into the required range.
Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NFlorian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Defer the fragmentation hash secret initialization for IPv6 like the
previous patch did for IPv4.

Because the netfilter logic reuses the hash secret we have to split it
first. Thus introduce a new nf_hash_frag function which takes care to
seed the hash secret.

Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: NHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

It is not allowed for an ipv6 packet to contain multiple fragmentation
headers. So discard packets which were already reassembled by
fragmentation logic and send back a parameter problem icmp.

The updates for RFC 6980 will come in later, I have to do a bit more
research here.

Cc: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Signed-off-by: NHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Commit 4a94445c (net: Use ip_route_input_noref() in input path)
added a bug in IP defragmentation handling, as non refcounted
dst could escape an RCU protected section.

Commit 64f3b9e2 (net: ip_expire() must revalidate route) fixed
the case of timeouts, but not the general problem.

Tom Parkin noticed crashes in UDP stack and provided a patch,
but further analysis permitted us to pinpoint the root cause.

Before queueing a packet into a frag list, we must drop its dst,
as this dst has limited lifetime (RCU protected)

When/if a packet is finally reassembled, we use the dst of the very
last skb, still protected by RCU and valid, as the dst of the
reassembled packet.

Use same logic in IPv6, as there is no need to hold dst references.
Reported-by: NTom Parkin <tparkin@katalix.com>
Tested-by: NTom Parkin <tparkin@katalix.com>
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Hello!

After patch 1 got accepted to net-next I will also send a patch to
netfilter-devel to make the corresponding changes to the netfilter
reassembly logic.

Thanks,

  Hannes

-- >8 --
[PATCH 2/2] ipv6: implement RFC3168 5.3 (ecn protection) for ipv6 fragmentation handling

This patch also ensures that INET_ECN_CE is propagated if one fragment
had the codepoint set.

Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <jbrouer@redhat.com>
Cc: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Signed-off-by: NHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Acked-by: NYOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>