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  1. 16 9月, 2009 3 次提交
    • A
      HWPOISON: Handle hardware poisoned pages in try_to_unmap · 888b9f7c
      由 Andi Kleen 提交于 
      When a page has the poison bit set replace the PTE with a poison entry.
This causes the right error handling to be done later when a process runs
into it.

v2: add a new flag to not do that (needed for the memory-failure handler
later) (Fengguang)
v3: remove unnecessary is_migration_entry() test (Fengguang, Minchan)
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
      888b9f7c
    • A
      HWPOISON: Use bitmask/action code for try_to_unmap behaviour · 14fa31b8
      由 Andi Kleen 提交于 
      try_to_unmap currently has multiple modi (migration, munlock, normal unmap)
which are selected by magic flag variables. The logic is not very straight
forward, because each of these flag change multiple behaviours (e.g.
migration turns off aging, not only sets up migration ptes etc.)
Also the different flags interact in magic ways.

A later patch in this series adds another mode to try_to_unmap, so
this becomes quickly unmanageable.

Replace the different flags with a action code (migration, munlock, munmap)
and some additional flags as modifiers (ignore mlock, ignore aging).
This makes the logic more straight forward and allows easier extension
to new behaviours. Change all the caller to declare what they want to
do.

This patch is supposed to be a nop in behaviour. If anyone can prove
it is not that would be a bug.

Cc: Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com
Cc: npiggin@suse.de
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
      14fa31b8
    • A
      HWPOISON: Export some rmap vma locking to outside world · 10be22df
      由 Andi Kleen 提交于 
      Needed for later patch that walks rmap entries on its own.

This used to be very frowned upon, but memory-failure.c does
some rather specialized rmap walking and rmap has been stable
for quite some time, so I think it's ok now to export it.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
      10be22df
  3. 27 8月, 2009 1 次提交
  5. 19 6月, 2009 1 次提交
    • B
      memcg: add file-based RSS accounting · d69b042f
      由 Balbir Singh 提交于 
      Add file RSS tracking per memory cgroup

We currently don't track file RSS, the RSS we report is actually anon RSS.
 All the file mapped pages, come in through the page cache and get
accounted there.  This patch adds support for accounting file RSS pages.
It should

1. Help improve the metrics reported by the memory resource controller
2. Will form the basis for a future shared memory accounting heuristic
   that has been proposed by Kamezawa.

Unfortunately, we cannot rename the existing "rss" keyword used in
memory.stat to "anon_rss".  We however, add "mapped_file" data and hope to
educate the end user through documentation.

[hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk: fix mem_cgroup_update_mapped_file_stat oops]
Signed-off-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.cn>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      d69b042f
  7. 17 6月, 2009 2 次提交
  9. 22 5月, 2009 1 次提交
  11. 12 2月, 2009 1 次提交
  13. 07 1月, 2009 7 次提交
  15. 20 10月, 2008 5 次提交
    • A
      make mm/rmap.c:anon_vma_cachep static · fdd2e5f8
      由 Adrian Bunk 提交于 
      This patch makes the needlessly global anon_vma_cachep static.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      fdd2e5f8
    • K
      memcg: avoid accounting special pages · 5b4e655e
      由 KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki 提交于 
      There are not-on-LRU pages which can be mapped and they are not worth to
be accounted.  (becasue we can't shrink them and need dirty codes to
handle specical case) We'd like to make use of usual objrmap/radix-tree's
protcol and don't want to account out-of-vm's control pages.

When special_mapping_fault() is called, page->mapping is tend to be NULL
and it's charged as Anonymous page.  insert_page() also handles some
special pages from drivers.

This patch is for avoiding to account special pages.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5b4e655e
    • L
      vmscan: unevictable LRU scan sysctl · af936a16
      由 Lee Schermerhorn 提交于 
      This patch adds a function to scan individual or all zones' unevictable
lists and move any pages that have become evictable onto the respective
zone's inactive list, where shrink_inactive_list() will deal with them.

Adds sysctl to scan all nodes, and per node attributes to individual
nodes' zones.

Kosaki: If evictable page found in unevictable lru when write
/proc/sys/vm/scan_unevictable_pages, print filename and file offset of
these pages.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix one CONFIG_MMU=n build error]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: adapt vmscan-unevictable-lru-scan-sysctl.patch to new sysfs API]
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      af936a16
    • N
      mlock: mlocked pages are unevictable · b291f000
      由 Nick Piggin 提交于 
      Make sure that mlocked pages also live on the unevictable LRU, so kswapd
will not scan them over and over again.

This is achieved through various strategies:

1) add yet another page flag--PG_mlocked--to indicate that
   the page is locked for efficient testing in vmscan and,
   optionally, fault path.  This allows early culling of
   unevictable pages, preventing them from getting to
   page_referenced()/try_to_unmap().  Also allows separate
   accounting of mlock'd pages, as Nick's original patch
   did.

   Note:  Nick's original mlock patch used a PG_mlocked
   flag.  I had removed this in favor of the PG_unevictable
   flag + an mlock_count [new page struct member].  I
   restored the PG_mlocked flag to eliminate the new
   count field.

2) add the mlock/unevictable infrastructure to mm/mlock.c,
   with internal APIs in mm/internal.h.  This is a rework
   of Nick's original patch to these files, taking into
   account that mlocked pages are now kept on unevictable
   LRU list.

3) update vmscan.c:page_evictable() to check PageMlocked()
   and, if vma passed in, the vm_flags.  Note that the vma
   will only be passed in for new pages in the fault path;
   and then only if the "cull unevictable pages in fault
   path" patch is included.

4) add try_to_unlock() to rmap.c to walk a page's rmap and
   ClearPageMlocked() if no other vmas have it mlocked.
   Reuses as much of try_to_unmap() as possible.  This
   effectively replaces the use of one of the lru list links
   as an mlock count.  If this mechanism let's pages in mlocked
   vmas leak through w/o PG_mlocked set [I don't know that it
   does], we should catch them later in try_to_unmap().  One
   hopes this will be rare, as it will be relatively expensive.

Original mm/internal.h, mm/rmap.c and mm/mlock.c changes:
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>

splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages():

  New munlock processing need to GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS.
  because current get_user_pages() can't grab PROT_NONE pages theresore it
  cause PROT_NONE pages can't munlock.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix this for pagemap-pass-mm-into-pagewalkers.patch]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: untangle patch interdependencies]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix things after out-of-order merging]
[hugh@veritas.com: fix page-flags mess]
[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: fix munlock page table walk - now requires 'mm']
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: build fix]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix truncate race and sevaral comments]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages()]
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      b291f000
    • L
      anon_vma_prepare: properly lock even newly allocated entries · d9d332e0
      由 Linus Torvalds 提交于 
      The anon_vma code is very subtle, and we end up doing optimistic lookups
of anon_vmas under RCU in page_lock_anon_vma() with no locking.  Other
CPU's can also see the newly allocated entry immediately after we've
exposed it by setting "vma->anon_vma" to the new value.

We protect against the anon_vma being destroyed by having the SLAB
marked as SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU, so the RCU lookup can depend on the
allocation not being destroyed - but it might still be free'd and
re-allocated here to a new vma.

As a result, we should not do the anon_vma list ops on a newly allocated
vma without proper locking.
Acked-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      d9d332e0
  17. 21 8月, 2008 2 次提交
    • N
      mm: dirty page tracking race fix · 479db0bf
      由 Nick Piggin 提交于 
      There is a race with dirty page accounting where a page may not properly
be accounted for.

clear_page_dirty_for_io() calls page_mkclean; then TestClearPageDirty.

page_mkclean walks the rmaps for that page, and for each one it cleans and
write protects the pte if it was dirty.  It uses page_check_address to
find the pte.  That function has a shortcut to avoid the ptl if the pte is
not present.  Unfortunately, the pte can be switched to not-present then
back to present by other code while holding the page table lock -- this
should not be a signal for page_mkclean to ignore that pte, because it may
be dirty.

For example, powerpc64's set_pte_at will clear a previously present pte
before setting it to the desired value.  There may also be other code in
core mm or in arch which do similar things.

The consequence of the bug is loss of data integrity due to msync, and
loss of dirty page accounting accuracy.  XIP's __xip_unmap could easily
also be unreliable (depending on the exact XIP locking scheme), which can
lead to data corruption.

Fix this by having an option to always take ptl to check the pte in
page_check_address.

It's possible to retain this optimization for page_referenced and
try_to_unmap.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Jared Hulbert <jaredeh@gmail.com>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@freenet.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      479db0bf
    • H
      mm: page_remove_rmap comments on PageAnon · 16f8c5b2
      由 Hugh Dickins 提交于 
      Add a comment to s390's page_test_dirty/page_clear_dirty/page_set_dirty
dance in page_remove_rmap(): I was wrong to think the PageSwapCache test
could be avoided, and would like a comment in there to remind me.  And
mention s390, to help us remember that this block is not really common.

Also move down the "It would be tidy to reset PageAnon" comment: it does
not belong to s390's block, and it would be unwise to reset PageAnon
before we're done with testing it.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Acked-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      16f8c5b2
  19. 05 8月, 2008 1 次提交
  21. 01 8月, 2008 1 次提交
    • M
      [S390] Optimize storage key operations for anon pages · a4b526b3
      由 Martin Schwidefsky 提交于 
      For anonymous pages without a swap cache backing the check in
page_remove_rmap for the physical dirty bit in page_remove_rmap is
unnecessary. The instructions that are used to check and reset the dirty
bit are expensive. Removing the check noticably speeds up process exit.
In addition the clearing of the dirty bit in __SetPageUptodate is
pointless as well. With these two changes there is no storage key
operation for an anonymous page anymore if it does not hit the swap
space.

The micro benchmark which repeatedly executes an empty shell script
gets about 5% faster.
Signed-off-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
      a4b526b3
  23. 29 7月, 2008 1 次提交
    • A
      mmu-notifiers: core · cddb8a5c
      由 Andrea Arcangeli 提交于 
      With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages.
 There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too.
sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in
mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte".  In GRU case there's no
actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU
secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss
event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by
the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will
walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently
to software if the corresponding spte is present).  The same way
zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte
(and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and
reused.

Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that
means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte
because they're part of the guest working set.  Furthermore a spte unmap
event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released
(so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe
logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the
spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in
the secondary MMU).

The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know
when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so
that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed,
avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest
physical address space.  Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the
mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in
zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for
each fixed number of spte unmapped.

To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection
downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be
invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call
get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it
called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated
spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page.  Or it will setup a
readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls
get_user_pages with write=0.  This is just an example.

This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the
primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an
full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer
with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of
schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no
need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating
primary-mmu pte).

At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests
reliably.  And having this feature and removing the page pin allows
several other optimizations that simplify life considerably.

Dependencies:

1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM
   isn't doing anything with "mm".  This allows mmu notifier users to keep
   track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end
   critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and
   decreased in range_end.  No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map
   any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of
   range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical
   section could later immediately be freed without any further
   ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on
   ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing
   the page).  To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the
   mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap
   locks must be taken too.

2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly
   run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if
   CONFIG_KVM=m/y.  In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of
   mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module
   against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from
   kvm.git we'll start using them.  And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to
   continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they
   submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel.  Then they can
   also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n).
   This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM
   are all =n.

The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be
interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR.  Because mmu_notifier_reigster
is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled.  Here
an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers.
Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and
-ENOMEM failure paths exists already.

 struct  kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void)
 {
        struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL);
+       int err;

        if (!kvm)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages);

+       kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops;
+       err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm);
+       if (err) {
+               kfree(kvm);
+               return ERR_PTR(err);
+       }
+
        return kvm;
 }

mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable.

The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent
kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need
them by luck).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build]
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com>
Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      cddb8a5c
  25. 27 7月, 2008 1 次提交
  27. 26 7月, 2008 1 次提交
    • K
      memcg: remove refcnt from page_cgroup · 69029cd5
      由 KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki 提交于 
      memcg: performance improvements

Patch Description
 1/5 ... remove refcnt fron page_cgroup patch (shmem handling is fixed)
 2/5 ... swapcache handling patch
 3/5 ... add helper function for shmem's memory reclaim patch
 4/5 ... optimize by likely/unlikely ppatch
 5/5 ... remove redundunt check patch (shmem handling is fixed.)

Unix bench result.

== 2.6.26-rc2-mm1 + memory resource controller
Execl Throughput                           2915.4 lps   (29.6 secs, 3 samples)
C Compiler Throughput                      1019.3 lpm   (60.0 secs, 3 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent)               5796.0 lpm   (60.0 secs, 3 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent)               1097.7 lpm   (60.0 secs, 3 samples)
Shell Scripts (16 concurrent)               565.3 lpm   (60.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Read 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks    1022128.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Write 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks   544057.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks    346481.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Read 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks      319325.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Write 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks     148788.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks       99051.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Read 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks    2058917.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Write 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks   1606109.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks    854789.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
Dc: sqrt(2) to 99 decimal places         126145.2 lpm   (30.0 secs, 3 samples)

                     INDEX VALUES
TEST                                        BASELINE     RESULT      INDEX

Execl Throughput                                43.0     2915.4      678.0
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks         3960.0   346481.0      875.0
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks           1655.0    99051.0      598.5
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks         5800.0   854789.0     1473.8
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent)                     6.0     1097.7     1829.5
                                                                 =========
     FINAL SCORE                                                     991.3

== 2.6.26-rc2-mm1 + this set ==
Execl Throughput                           3012.9 lps   (29.9 secs, 3 samples)
C Compiler Throughput                       981.0 lpm   (60.0 secs, 3 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent)               5872.0 lpm   (60.0 secs, 3 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent)               1120.3 lpm   (60.0 secs, 3 samples)
Shell Scripts (16 concurrent)               578.0 lpm   (60.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Read 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks    1003993.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Write 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks   550452.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks    347159.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Read 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks      314644.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Write 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks     151852.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks      101000.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Read 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks    2033256.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Write 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks   1611814.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks    847979.0 KBps  (30.0 secs, 3 samples)
Dc: sqrt(2) to 99 decimal places         128148.7 lpm   (30.0 secs, 3 samples)

                     INDEX VALUES
TEST                                        BASELINE     RESULT      INDEX

Execl Throughput                                43.0     3012.9      700.7
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks         3960.0   347159.0      876.7
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks           1655.0   101000.0      610.3
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks         5800.0   847979.0     1462.0
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent)                     6.0     1120.3     1867.2
                                                                 =========
     FINAL SCORE                                                    1004.6

This patch:

Remove refcnt from page_cgroup().

After this,

 * A page is charged only when !page_mapped() && no page_cgroup is assigned.
	* Anon page is newly mapped.
	* File page is added to mapping->tree.

 * A page is uncharged only when
	* Anon page is fully unmapped.
	* File page is removed from LRU.

There is no change in behavior from user's view.

This patch also removes unnecessary calls in rmap.c which was used only for
refcnt mangement.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
[hugh@veritas.com: fix shmem_unuse_inode charging]
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      69029cd5
  29. 28 4月, 2008 1 次提交
  31. 27 4月, 2008 1 次提交
    • C
      s390: KVM preparation: host memory management changes for s390 kvm · 5b7baf05
      由 Christian Borntraeger 提交于 
      This patch changes the s390 memory management defintions to use the pgste field
for dirty and reference bit tracking of host and guest code. Usually on s390,
dirty and referenced are tracked in storage keys, which belong to the physical
page. This changes with virtualization: The guest and host dirty/reference bits
are defined to be the logical OR of the values for the mapping and the physical
page. This patch implements the necessary changes in pgtable.h for s390.

There is a common code change in mm/rmap.c, the call to
page_test_and_clear_young must be moved. This is a no-op for all
architecture but s390. page_referenced checks the referenced bits for
the physiscal page and for all mappings:
o The physical page is checked with page_test_and_clear_young.
o The mappings are checked with ptep_test_and_clear_young and friends.

Without pgstes (the current implementation on Linux s390) the physical page
check is implemented but the mapping callbacks are no-ops because dirty
and referenced are not tracked in the s390 page tables. The pgstes introduces
guest and host dirty and reference bits for s390 in the host mapping. These
mapping must be checked before page_test_and_clear_young resets the reference
bit.
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAvi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
      5b7baf05
  33. 20 3月, 2008 1 次提交
  35. 05 3月, 2008 1 次提交
  37. 10 2月, 2008 1 次提交
  39. 08 2月, 2008 2 次提交
    • B
      Memory controller: make page_referenced() cgroup aware · bed7161a
      由 Balbir Singh 提交于 
      Make page_referenced() cgroup aware.  Without this patch, page_referenced()
can cause a page to be skipped while reclaiming pages.  This patch ensures
that other cgroups do not hold pages in a particular cgroup hostage.  It
is required to ensure that shared pages are freed from a cgroup when they
are not actively referenced from the cgroup that brought them in
Signed-off-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      bed7161a
    • B
      Memory controller: memory accounting · 8a9f3ccd
      由 Balbir Singh 提交于 
      Add the accounting hooks.  The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page
Cache (unmapped) pages.  There is now a common limit and accounting for both.
The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap()
time.  Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(),
__delete_from_page_cache().  Swap cache is also accounted for.

Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the
page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving
simultaneous mappings of a page easier.  A reference count is kept in the
page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS
of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache.

Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work
of the page cgroup.  Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help
from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan.

[hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking]
Signed-off-by: NVaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      8a9f3ccd
  41. 06 2月, 2008 2 次提交
    • H
      mm: don't waste swap on locked pages · 5a9bbdcd
      由 Hugh Dickins 提交于 
      try_to_unmap always fails on a page found in a VM_LOCKED vma (unless
migrating), and recycles it back to the active list.  But if it's an
anonymous page, we've already allocated swap to it: just wasting swap.
Spot locked pages in page_referenced_one and treat them as referenced.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Tested-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ethan Solomita <solo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5a9bbdcd
    • N
      radix-tree: avoid atomic allocations for preloaded insertions · e2848a0e
      由 Nick Piggin 提交于 
      Most pagecache (and some other) radix tree insertions have the great
opportunity to preallocate a few nodes with relaxed gfp flags.  But the
preallocation is squandered when it comes time to allocate a node, we
default to first attempting a GFP_ATOMIC allocation -- that doesn't
normally fail, but it can eat into atomic memory reserves that we don't
need to be using.

Another upshot of this is that it removes the sometimes highly contended
zone->lock from underneath tree_lock.  Pagecache insertions are always
performed with a radix tree preload, and after this change, such a
situation will never fall back to kmem_cache_alloc within
radix_tree_node_alloc.

David Miller reports seeing this allocation fail on a highly threaded
sparc64 system:

[527319.459981] dd: page allocation failure. order:0, mode:0x20
[527319.460403] Call Trace:
[527319.460568]  [00000000004b71e0] __slab_alloc+0x1b0/0x6a8
[527319.460636]  [00000000004b7bbc] kmem_cache_alloc+0x4c/0xa8
[527319.460698]  [000000000055309c] radix_tree_node_alloc+0x20/0x90
[527319.460763]  [0000000000553238] radix_tree_insert+0x12c/0x260
[527319.460830]  [0000000000495cd0] add_to_page_cache+0x38/0xb0
[527319.460893]  [00000000004e4794] mpage_readpages+0x6c/0x134
[527319.460955]  [000000000049c7fc] __do_page_cache_readahead+0x170/0x280
[527319.461028]  [000000000049cc88] ondemand_readahead+0x208/0x214
[527319.461094]  [0000000000496018] do_generic_mapping_read+0xe8/0x428
[527319.461152]  [0000000000497948] generic_file_aio_read+0x108/0x170
[527319.461217]  [00000000004badac] do_sync_read+0x88/0xd0
[527319.461292]  [00000000004bb5cc] vfs_read+0x78/0x10c
[527319.461361]  [00000000004bb920] sys_read+0x34/0x60
[527319.461424]  [0000000000406294] linux_sparc_syscall32+0x3c/0x40

The calltrace is significant: __do_page_cache_readahead allocates a number
of pages with GFP_KERNEL, and hence it should have reclaimed sufficient
memory to satisfy GFP_ATOMIC allocations.  However after the list of pages
goes to mpage_readpages, there can be significant intervals (including disk
IO) before all the pages are inserted into the radix-tree.  So the reserves
can easily be depleted at that point.  The patch is confirmed to fix the
problem.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      e2848a0e
  43. 20 11月, 2007 1 次提交
    • C
      [S390] Optimize storage key handling for anonymous pages · ce7e9fae
      由 Christian Borntraeger 提交于 
      page_mkclean used to call page_clear_dirty for every given page. This
is different to all other architectures, where the dirty bit in the
PTEs is only resetted, if page_mapping() returns a non-NULL pointer.
We can move the page_test_dirty/page_clear_dirty sequence into the
2nd if to avoid unnecessary iske/sske sequences, which are expensive.

This change also helps kvm for s390 as the host must transfer the
dirty bit into the guest status bits. By moving the page_clear_dirty
operation into the 2nd if, the vm will only call page_clear_dirty
for pages where it walks the mapping anyway. There it calls
ptep_clear_flush for writable ptes, so we can transfer the dirty bit
to the guest.
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
      ce7e9fae
  45. 15 11月, 2007 1 次提交
    • L
      Migration: find correct vma in new_vma_page() · 3ad33b24
      由 Lee Schermerhorn 提交于 
      We hit the BUG_ON() in mm/rmap.c:vma_address() when trying to migrate via
mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE) a non-anon region that spans multiple vmas.  For
anon-regions, we just fail to migrate any pages beyond the 1st vma in the
range.

This occurs because do_mbind() collects a list of pages to migrate by
calling check_range().  check_range() walks the task's mm, spanning vmas as
necessary, to collect the migratable pages into a list.  Then, do_mbind()
calls migrate_pages() passing the list of pages, a function to allocate new
pages based on vma policy [new_vma_page()], and a pointer to the first vma
of the range.

For each page in the list, new_vma_page() calls page_address_in_vma()
passing the page and the vma [first in range] to obtain the address to get
for alloc_page_vma().  The page address is needed to get interleaving
policy correct.  If the pages in the list come from multiple vmas,
eventually, new_page_address() will pass that page to page_address_in_vma()
with the incorrect vma.  For !PageAnon pages, this will result in a bug
check in rmap.c:vma_address().  For anon pages, vma_address() will just
return EFAULT and fail the migration.

This patch modifies new_vma_page() to check the return value from
page_address_in_vma().  If the return value is EFAULT, new_vma_page()
searchs forward via vm_next for the vma that maps the page--i.e., that does
not return EFAULT.  This assumes that the pages in the list handed to
migrate_pages() is in address order.  This is currently case.  The patch
documents this assumption in a new comment block for new_vma_page().

If new_vma_page() cannot locate the vma mapping the page in a forward
search in the mm, it will pass a NULL vma to alloc_page_vma().  This will
result in the allocation using the task policy, if any, else system default
policy.  This situation is unlikely, but the patch documents this behavior
with a comment.

Note, this patch results in restarting from the first vma in a multi-vma
range each time new_vma_page() is called.  If this is not acceptable, we
can make the vma argument a pointer, both in new_vma_page() and it's caller
unmap_and_move() so that the value held by the loop in migrate_pages()
always passes down the last vma in which a page was found.  This will
require changes to all new_page_t functions passed to migrate_pages().  Is
this necessary?

For this patch to work, we can't bug check in vma_address() for pages
outside the argument vma.  This patch removes the BUG_ON().  All other
callers [besides new_vma_page()] already check the return status.

Tested on x86_64, 4 node NUMA platform.
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      3ad33b24
  47. 17 10月, 2007 1 次提交