When I added x32 ptrace to 3.4 kernel, I also include PTRACE_ARCH_PRCTL
support for x32 GDB  For ARCH_GET_FS/GS, it takes a pointer to int64.  But
at user level, ARCH_GET_FS/GS takes a pointer to int32.  So I have to add
x32 ptrace to glibc to handle it with a temporary int64 passed to kernel and
copy it back to GDB as int32.  Roland suggested that PTRACE_ARCH_PRCTL
is obsolete and x32 GDB should use fs_base and gs_base fields of
user_regs_struct instead.

Accordingly, remove PTRACE_ARCH_PRCTL completely from the x32 code to
avoid possible memory overrun when pointer to int32 is passed to
kernel.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAMe9rOpDzHfS7NH7m1vmD9QRw8SSj4Sc%2BaNOgcWm_WJME2eRsQ@mail.gmail.comSigned-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> v3.4

Since we can't expect every user to read the EFI boot stub code it
seems prudent to have a couple of paragraphs explaining what it is and
how it works.

The "initrd=" option in particular is tricky because it only
understands absolute EFI-style paths (backslashes as directory
separators), and until now this hasn't been documented anywhere. This
has tripped up a couple of users.

Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1331907517-3985-4-git-send-email-matt@console-pimps.orgSigned-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

We need a way of printing useful messages to the user, for example
when we fail to open an initrd file, instead of just hanging the
machine without giving the user any indication of what went wrong. So
sprinkle some error messages throughout the EFI boot stub code to make
it easier for users to diagnose/report problems.
Reported-by: NKeshav P R <the.ridikulus.rat@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1331907517-3985-3-git-send-email-matt@console-pimps.orgSigned-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

The loop at the 'close_handles' label in handle_ramdisks() should be
using 'i', which represents the number of initrd files that were
successfully opened, not 'nr_initrds' which is the number of initrd=
arguments passed on the command line.

Currently, if we execute the loop to close all file handles and we
failed to open any initrds we'll try to call the close function on a
garbage pointer, causing the machine to hang.

Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1331907517-3985-2-git-send-email-matt@console-pimps.orgSigned-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

When both DYNAMIC_FTRACE and LOCKDEP are set, the TRACE_IRQS_ON/OFF
will call into the lockdep code. The lockdep code can call lots of
functions that may be traced by ftrace. When ftrace is updating its
code and hits a breakpoint, the breakpoint handler will call into
lockdep. If lockdep happens to call a function that also has a breakpoint
attached, it will jump back into the breakpoint handler resetting
the stack to the debug stack and corrupt the contents currently on
that stack.

The 'do_sym' call that calls do_int3() is protected by modifying the
IST table to point to a different location if another breakpoint is
hit. But the TRACE_IRQS_OFF/ON are outside that protection, and if
a breakpoint is hit from those, the stack will get corrupted, and
the kernel will crash:

[ 1013.243754] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000002
[ 1013.272665] IP: [<ffff880145cc0000>] 0xffff880145cbffff
[ 1013.285186] PGD 1401b2067 PUD 14324c067 PMD 0
[ 1013.298832] Oops: 0010 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[ 1013.310600] CPU 2
[ 1013.317904] Modules linked in: ip6t_REJECT nf_conntrack_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv6 xt_state nf_conntrack ip6table_filter ip6_tables crc32c_intel ghash_clmulni_intel microcode usb_debug serio_raw pcspkr iTCO_wdt i2c_i801 iTCO_vendor_support e1000e nfsd nfs_acl auth_rpcgss lockd sunrpc i915 video i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper drm i2c_core [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan]
[ 1013.401848]
[ 1013.407399] Pid: 112, comm: kworker/2:1 Not tainted 3.4.0+ #30
[ 1013.437943] RIP: 8eb8:[<ffff88014630a000>]  [<ffff88014630a000>] 0xffff880146309fff
[ 1013.459871] RSP: ffffffff8165e919:ffff88014780f408  EFLAGS: 00010046
[ 1013.477909] RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffffffff81104020 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 1013.499458] RDX: ffff880148008ea8 RSI: ffffffff8131ef40 RDI: ffffffff82203b20
[ 1013.521612] RBP: ffffffff81005751 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 1013.543121] R10: ffffffff82cdc318 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff880145cc0000
[ 1013.564614] R13: ffff880148008eb8 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: ffff88014780cb40
[ 1013.586108] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff880148000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 1013.609458] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[ 1013.627420] CR2: 0000000000000002 CR3: 0000000141f10000 CR4: 00000000001407e0
[ 1013.649051] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 1013.670724] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 1013.692376] Process kworker/2:1 (pid: 112, threadinfo ffff88013fe0e000, task ffff88014020a6a0)
[ 1013.717028] Stack:
[ 1013.724131]  ffff88014780f570 ffff880145cc0000 0000400000004000 0000000000000000
[ 1013.745918]  cccccccccccccccc ffff88014780cca8 ffffffff811072bb ffffffff81651627
[ 1013.767870]  ffffffff8118f8a7 ffffffff811072bb ffffffff81f2b6c5 ffffffff81f11bdb
[ 1013.790021] Call Trace:
[ 1013.800701] Code: 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a <e7> d7 64 81 ff ff ff ff 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 65 d9 64 81 ff
[ 1013.861443] RIP  [<ffff88014630a000>] 0xffff880146309fff
[ 1013.884466]  RSP <ffff88014780f408>
[ 1013.901507] CR2: 0000000000000002

The solution was to reuse the NMI functions that change the IDT table to make the debug
stack keep its current stack (in kernel mode) when hitting a breakpoint:

  call debug_stack_set_zero
  TRACE_IRQS_ON
  call debug_stack_reset

If the TRACE_IRQS_ON happens to hit a breakpoint then it will keep the current stack
and not crash the box.
Reported-by: NDave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

When the NMI handler runs, it checks if it preempted a debug handler
and if that handler is using the debug stack. If it is, it changes the
IDT table not to update the stack, otherwise it will reset the debug
stack and corrupt the debug handler it preempted.

Now that ftrace uses breakpoints to change functions from nops to
callers, many more places may hit a breakpoint. Unfortunately this
includes some of the calls that lockdep performs. Which causes issues
with the debug stack. It too needs to change the debug stack before
tracing (if called from the debug handler).

Allow the debug_stack_set_zero() and debug_stack_reset() to be nested
so that the debug handlers can take advantage of them too.

[ Used this_cpu_*() over __get_cpu_var() as suggested by H. Peter Anvin ]
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

When an NMI goes off and it sees that it preempted the debug stack,
to keep the debug stack safe, it changes the IDT to point to one that
does not modify the stack on breakpoint (to allow breakpoints in NMIs).

But the variable that gets set to know to undo it on exit never gets
cleared on exit. Thus every NMI will reset it on exit the first time
it is done even if it does not need to be reset.

[ Added H. Peter Anvin's suggestion to use this_cpu_read/write ]

Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.3
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

On boot up and module load, it is fine to modify the code directly,
without the use of breakpoints. This is because boot up modification
is done before SMP is initialized, thus the modification is serial,
and module load is done before the module executes.

But after that we must use a SMP safe method to modify running code.
Otherwise, if we are running the function tracer and update its
function (by starting off the stack tracer, or perf tracing)
the change of the function called by the ftrace trampoline is done
directly. If this is being executed on another CPU, that CPU may
take a GPF and crash the kernel.

The breakpoint method is used to change the nops at all the functions, but
the change of the ftrace callback handler itself was still using a
direct modification. If tracing was enabled and the function callback
was changed then another CPU could fault if it was currently calling
the original callback. This modification must use the breakpoint method
too.

Note, the direct method is still used for boot up and module load.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

When the function tracer starts modifying the code via breakpoints
it sets a variable (modifying_ftrace_code) to inform the breakpoint
handler to call the ftrace int3 code.

But there's no synchronization between setting this code and the
handler, thus it is possible for the handler to be called on another
CPU before it sees the variable. This will cause a kernel crash as
the int3 handler will not know what to do with it.

I originally added smp_mb()'s to force the visibility of the variable
but H. Peter Anvin suggested that I just make it atomic.

[ Added comments as suggested by Peter Zijlstra ]
Suggested-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Pull second pile of signal handling patches from Al Viro:
 "This one is just task_work_add() series + remaining prereqs for it.

  There probably will be another pull request from that tree this
  cycle - at least for helpers, to get them out of the way for per-arch
  fixes remaining in the tree."

Fix trivial conflict in kernel/irq/manage.c: the merge of Andrew's pile
had brought in commit 97fd75b7 ("kernel/irq/manage.c: use the
pr_foo() infrastructure to prefix printks") which changed one of the
pr_err() calls that this merge moves around.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal:
  keys: kill task_struct->replacement_session_keyring
  keys: kill the dummy key_replace_session_keyring()
  keys: change keyctl_session_to_parent() to use task_work_add()
  genirq: reimplement exit_irq_thread() hook via task_work_add()
  task_work_add: generic process-context callbacks
  avr32: missed _TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME on one of do_notify_resume callers
  parisc: need to check NOTIFY_RESUME when exiting from syscall
  move key_repace_session_keyring() into tracehook_notify_resume()
  TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME is defined on all targets now

Pull nfsd update from Bruce Fields.

* 'for-3.5-take-2' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (23 commits)
  nfsd: trivial: use SEEK_SET instead of 0 in vfs_llseek
  SUNRPC: split upcall function to extract reusable parts
  nfsd: allocate id-to-name and name-to-id caches in per-net operations.
  nfsd: make name-to-id cache allocated per network namespace context
  nfsd: make id-to-name cache allocated per network namespace context
  nfsd: pass network context to idmap init/exit functions
  nfsd: allocate export and expkey caches in per-net operations.
  nfsd: make expkey cache allocated per network namespace context
  nfsd: make export cache allocated per network namespace context
  nfsd: pass pointer to export cache down to stack wherever possible.
  nfsd: pass network context to export caches init/shutdown routines
  Lockd: pass network namespace to creation and destruction routines
  NFSd: remove hard-coded dereferences to name-to-id and id-to-name caches
  nfsd: pass pointer to expkey cache down to stack wherever possible.
  nfsd: use hash table from cache detail in nfsd export seq ops
  nfsd: pass svc_export_cache pointer as private data to "exports" seq file ops
  nfsd: use exp_put() for svc_export_cache put
  nfsd: use cache detail pointer from svc_export structure on cache put
  nfsd: add link to owner cache detail to svc_export structure
  nfsd: use passed cache_detail pointer expkey_parse()
  ...

Merge misc patches from Andrew Morton:

 - the "misc" tree - stuff from all over the map

 - checkpatch updates

 - fatfs

 - kmod changes

 - procfs

 - cpumask

 - UML

 - kexec

 - mqueue

 - rapidio

 - pidns

 - some checkpoint-restore feature work.  Reluctantly.  Most of it
   delayed a release.  I'm still rather worried that we don't have a
   clear roadmap to completion for this work.

* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (78 patches)
  kconfig: update compression algorithm info
  c/r: prctl: add ability to set new mm_struct::exe_file
  c/r: prctl: extend PR_SET_MM to set up more mm_struct entries
  c/r: procfs: add arg_start/end, env_start/end and exit_code members to /proc/$pid/stat
  syscalls, x86: add __NR_kcmp syscall
  fs, proc: introduce /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children entry
  sysctl: make kernel.ns_last_pid control dependent on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
  aio/vfs: cleanup of rw_copy_check_uvector() and compat_rw_copy_check_uvector()
  eventfd: change int to __u64 in eventfd_signal()
  fs/nls: add Apple NLS
  pidns: make killed children autoreap
  pidns: use task_active_pid_ns in do_notify_parent
  rapidio/tsi721: add DMA engine support
  rapidio: add DMA engine support for RIO data transfers
  ipc/mqueue: add rbtree node caching support
  tools/selftests: add mq_perf_tests
  ipc/mqueue: strengthen checks on mqueue creation
  ipc/mqueue: correct mq_attr_ok test
  ipc/mqueue: improve performance of send/recv
  selftests: add mq_open_tests
  ...

Pull drm prime mmap/vmap code from Dave Airlie:
 "As mentioned previously these are the extra bits of drm that relied on
  the dma-buf pull to work, the first three just stub out the mmap
  interface, and the next set provide vmap export to i915/radeon/nouveau
  and vmap import to udl."

* 'drm-prime-vmap' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux:
  radeon: add radeon prime vmap support.
  nouveau: add vmap support to nouveau prime support
  udl: support vmapping imported dma-bufs
  i915: add dma-buf vmap support for exporting vmapped buffer
  radeon: add stub dma-buf mmap functionality
  nouveau: add stub dma-buf mmap functionality.
  i915: add stub dma-buf mmap callback.

There have been new compression algorithms added without updating nearby
relevant descriptive text that refers to (a) the number of compression
algorithms and (b) the most recent one.  Fix these inconsistencies.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Reported-by: <qasdfgtyuiop@gmail.com>
Cc: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Cc: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When we do restore we would like to have a way to setup a former
mm_struct::exe_file so that /proc/pid/exe would point to the original
executable file a process had at checkpoint time.

For this the PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE code is introduced.  This option takes a
file descriptor which will be set as a source for new /proc/$pid/exe
symlink.

Note it allows to change /proc/$pid/exe if there are no VM_EXECUTABLE
vmas present for current process, simply because this feature is a special
to C/R and mm::num_exe_file_vmas become meaningless after that.

To minimize the amount of transition the /proc/pid/exe symlink might have,
this feature is implemented in one-shot manner.  Thus once changed the
symlink can't be changed again.  This should help sysadmins to monitor the
symlinks over all process running in a system.

In particular one could make a snapshot of processes and ring alarm if
there unexpected changes of /proc/pid/exe's in a system.

Note -- this feature is available iif CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE is set and
the caller must have CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability granted, otherwise the
request to change symlink will be rejected.
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

During checkpoint we dump whole process memory to a file and the dump
includes process stack memory.  But among stack data itself, the stack
carries additional parameters such as command line arguments, environment
data and auxiliary vector.

So when we do restore procedure and once we've restored stack data itself
we need to setup mm_struct::arg_start/end, env_start/end, so restored
process would be able to find command line arguments and environment data
it had at checkpoint time.  The same applies to auxiliary vector.

For this reason additional PR_SET_MM_(ARG_START | ARG_END | ENV_START |
ENV_END | AUXV) codes are introduced.
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We would like to have an ability to restore command line arguments and
program environment pointers but first we need to obtain them somehow.
Thus we put these values into /proc/$pid/stat.  The exit_code is needed to
restore zombie tasks.
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

While doing the checkpoint-restore in the user space one need to determine
whether various kernel objects (like mm_struct-s of file_struct-s) are
shared between tasks and restore this state.

The 2nd step can be solved by using appropriate CLONE_ flags and the
unshare syscall, while there's currently no ways for solving the 1st one.

One of the ways for checking whether two tasks share e.g.  mm_struct is to
provide some mm_struct ID of a task to its proc file, but showing such
info considered to be not that good for security reasons.

Thus after some debates we end up in conclusion that using that named
'comparison' syscall might be the best candidate.  So here is it --
__NR_kcmp.

It takes up to 5 arguments - the pids of the two tasks (which
characteristics should be compared), the comparison type and (in case of
comparison of files) two file descriptors.

Lookups for pids are done in the caller's PID namespace only.

At moment only x86 is supported and tested.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up selftests, warnings]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: include errno.h]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text]
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: N"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When we do checkpoint of a task we need to know the list of children the
task, has but there is no easy and fast way to generate reverse
parent->children chain from arbitrary <pid> (while a parent pid is
provided in "PPid" field of /proc/<pid>/status).

So instead of walking over all pids in the system (creating one big
process tree in memory, just to figure out which children a task has) --
we add explicit /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children entry, because the kernel
already has this kind of information but it is not yet exported.

This is a first level children, not the whole process tree.
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

For those who doesn't need C/R functionality there is no need to control
last pid, ie the pid for the next fork() call.
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

A cleanup of rw_copy_check_uvector and compat_rw_copy_check_uvector after
changes made to support CMA in an earlier patch.

Rather than having an additional check_access parameter to these
functions, the first paramater type is overloaded to allow the caller to
specify CHECK_IOVEC_ONLY which means check that the contents of the iovec
are valid, but do not check the memory that they point to.  This is used
by process_vm_readv/writev where we need to validate that a iovec passed
to the syscall is valid but do not want to check the memory that it points
to at this point because it refers to an address space in another process.
Signed-off-by: NChris Yeoh <yeohc@au1.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

eventfd_ctx->count is an __u64 counter which is allowed to reach
ULLONG_MAX.  eventfd_write() adds a __u64 value to "count", but the kernel
side eventfd_signal() only adds an int value to it.  Make them consistent.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update interface documentation]
Signed-off-by: NSha Zhengju <handai.szj@taobao.com>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

HFS has support for NLS.  However the relevant NLS tables are missing.
Here they are automatically transformed from the tables at unicode.org.
Codepages requiring special handling like CJK, RTL or Brahmic ones are not
included in this patch.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add unicode.org copyright and permission notices]
Signed-off-by: NVladimir Serbinenko <phcoder@gmail.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Cc: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Force SIGCHLD handling to SIG_IGN so that signals are not generated and so
that the children autoreap.  This increases the parallelize and in general
the speed of network namespace shutdown.

Note self reaping childrean can exist past zap_pid_ns_processess but they
will all be reaped before we allow the pid namespace init task with pid ==
1 to be reaped.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: NEric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Louis Rilling <louis.rilling@kerlabs.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Using task_active_pid_ns is more robust because it works even after we
have called exit_namespaces.  This change allows us to have parent
processes that are zombies.  Normally a zombie parent processes is crazy
and the last thing you would want to have but in the case of not letting
the init process of a pid namespace be reaped until all of it's children
are dead and reaped a zombie parent process is exactly what we want.
Signed-off-by: NEric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Louis Rilling <louis.rilling@kerlabs.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Adds support for DMA Engine API into Tsi721 mport driver.

Includes following changes for Tsi721 driver:
- Modifies BDMA register offset definitions to support per-channel handling
- Separates BDMA channel reserved for RIO Maintenance requests
- Adds DMA Engine callback routines
Signed-off-by: NAlexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Cc: Li Yang <leoli@freescale.com>
Cc: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Adds DMA Engine framework support into RapidIO subsystem.

Uses DMA Engine DMA_SLAVE interface to generate data transfers to/from
remote RapidIO target devices.

Introduces RapidIO-specific wrapper for prep_slave_sg() interface with an
extra parameter to pass target specific information.

Uses scatterlist to describe local data buffer.  Address flat data buffer
on a remote side.
Signed-off-by: NAlexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Acked-by: NVinod Koul <vinod.koul@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Li Yang <leoli@freescale.com>
Cc: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When I wrote the first patch that added the rbtree support for message
queue insertion, it sped up the case where the queue was very full
drastically from the original code.  It, however, slowed down the case
where the queue was empty (not drastically though).

This patch caches the last freed rbtree node struct so we can quickly
reuse it when we get a new message.  This is the common path for any queue
that very frequently goes from 0 to 1 then back to 0 messages in queue.

Andrew Morton didn't like that we were doing a GFP_ATOMIC allocation in
msg_insert, so this patch attempts to speculatively allocate a new node
struct outside of the spin lock when we know we need it, but will still
fall back to a GFP_ATOMIC allocation if it has to.

Once I added the caching, the necessary various ret = ; spin_unlock
gyrations in mq_timedsend were getting pretty ugly, so this also slightly
refactors that function to streamline the flow of the code and the
function exit.

Finally, while working on getting performance back I made sure that all of
the node structs were always fully initialized when they were first used,
rendering the use of kzalloc unnecessary and a waste of CPU cycles.

The net result of all of this is:

1) We will avoid a GFP_ATOMIC allocation when possible, but fall back
   on it when necessary.

2) We will speculatively allocate a node struct using GFP_KERNEL if our
   cache is empty (and save the struct to our cache if it's still empty
   after we have obtained the spin lock).

3) The performance of the common queue empty case has significantly
   improved and is now much more in line with the older performance for
   this case.

The performance changes are:

            Old mqueue      new mqueue      new mqueue + caching
queue empty
send/recv   305/288ns       349/318ns       310/322ns

I don't think we'll ever be able to get the recv performance back, but
that's because the old recv performance was a direct result and
consequence of the old methods abysmal send performance.  The recv path
simply must do more so that the send path does not incur such a penalty
under higher queue depths.

As it turns out, the new caching code also sped up the various queue full
cases relative to my last patch.  That could be because of the difference
between the syscall path in 3.3.4-rc5 and 3.3.4-rc6, or because of the
change in code flow in the mq_timedsend routine.  Regardless, I'll take
it.  It wasn't huge, and I *would* say it was within the margin for error,
but after many repeated runs what I'm seeing is that the old numbers trend
slightly higher (about 10 to 20ns depending on which test is the one
running).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add the mq_perf_tests tool I used when creating my mq performance patch.
Also add a local .gitignore to keep the binaries from showing up in git
status output.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We already check the mq attr struct if it's passed in, but now that the
admin can set system wide defaults separate from maximums, it's actually
possible to set the defaults to something that would overflow.  So, if
there is no attr struct passed in to the open call, check the default
values.

While we are at it, simplify mq_attr_ok() by making it return 0 or an
error condition, so that way if we add more tests to it later, we have the
option of what error should be returned instead of the calling location
having to pick a possibly inaccurate error code.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/ENOMEM/EOVERFLOW/]
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

While working on the other parts of the mqueue stuff, I noticed that the
calculation for overflow in mq_attr_ok didn't actually match reality (this
is especially true since my last patch which changed how we account memory
slightly).

In particular, we used to test for overflow using:
  msgs * msgsize + msgs * sizeof(struct msg_msg *)

That was never really correct because each message we allocate via
load_msg() is actually a struct msg_msg followed by the data for the
message (and if struct msg_msg + data exceeds PAGE_SIZE we end up
allocating struct msg_msgseg structs too, but accounting for them would
get really tedious, so let's ignore those...they're only a pointer in size
anyway).  This patch updates the calculation to be more accurate in
regards to maximum possible memory consumption by the mqueue.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add a local to simplify overflow-checking expression]
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The existing implementation of the POSIX message queue send and recv
functions is, well, abysmal.  Even worse than abysmal.  I submitted a
patch to increase the maximum POSIX message queue limit to 65536 due to
customer needs, however, upon looking over the send/recv implementation, I
realized that my customer needs help with that too even if they don't know
it.  The basic problem is that, given the fairly typical use case scenario
for a large queue of queueing lots of messages all at the same priority (I
verified with my customer that this is indeed what their app does), the
msg_insert routine is basically a frikkin' bubble sort.  I mean, whoa,
that's *so* middle school.

OK, OK, to not slam the original author too much, I'm sure they didn't
envision a queue depth of 50,000+ messages.  No one would think that
moving elements in an array, one at a time, and dereferencing each pointer
in that array to check priority of the message being pointed too, again
one at a time, for 50,000+ times would be good.  So let's assume that, as
is typical, the users have found a way to break our code simply by using
it in a way we didn't envision.  Fair enough.

"So, just how broken is it?", you ask.  I wondered the same thing, so I
wrote an app to let me know.  It's my next patch.  It gave me some
interesting results.  Here's what it tested:

Interference with other apps - In continuous mode, the app just sits there
and hits a message queue forever, while you go do something productive on
another terminal using other CPUs.  You then measure how long it takes you
to do that something productive.  Then you restart the app in fake
continuous mode, and it sits in a tight loop on a CPU while you repeat
your tests.  The whole point of this is to keep one CPU tied up (so it
can't be used in your other work) but in one case tied up hitting the
mqueue code so we can see the effect of walking that 65,528 element array
one pointer at a time on the global CPU cache.  If it's bad, then it will
slow down your app on the other CPUs just by polluting cache mercilessly.
In the fake case, it will be in a tight loop, but not polluting cache.
Testing the mqueue subsystem directly - Here we just run a number of tests
to see how the mqueue subsystem performs under different conditions.  A
couple conditions are known to be worst case for the old system, and some
routines, so this tests all of them.

So, on to the results already:

Subsystem/Test                  Old                         New

Time to compile linux
kernel (make -j12 on a
6 core CPU)
  Running mqueue test     user 49m10.744s             user 45m26.294s
			   sys  5m51.924s              sys  4m59.894s
			 total 55m02.668s            total 50m26.188s

  Running fake test       user 45m32.686s             user 45m18.552s
                           sys  5m12.465s              sys  4m56.468s
                         total 50m45.151s            total 50m15.020s

  % slowdown from mqueue
    cache thrashing            ~8%                         ~.5%

Avg time to send/recv (in nanoseconds per message)
  when queue empty            305/288                    349/318
  when queue full (65528 messages)
    constant priority      526589/823                    362/314
    increasing priority    403105/916                    495/445
    decreasing priority     73420/594                    482/409
    random priority        280147/920                    546/436

Time to fill/drain queue (65528 messages, in seconds)
  constant priority         17.37/.12                    .13/.12
  increasing priority        4.14/.14                    .21/.18
  decreasing priority       12.93/.13                    .21/.18
  random priority            8.88/.16                    .22/.17

So, I think the results speak for themselves.  It's possible this
implementation could be improved by cacheing at least one priority level
in the node tree (that would bring the queue empty performance more in
line with the old implementation), but this works and is *so* much better
than what we had, especially for the common case of a single priority in
use, that further refinements can be in follow on patches.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment, remove stray semicolon]
[levinsasha928@gmail.com: use correct gfp flags in msg_insert]
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NSasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add a directory to house POSIX message queue subsystem specific tests.
Add first test which checks the operation of mq_open() under various
corner conditions.
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Cc: Amerigo Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit b231cca4 ("message queues: increase range limits") changed
mqueue default value when attr parameter is specified NULL from hard
coded value to fs.mqueue.{msg,msgsize}_max sysctl value.

This made large side effect.  When user need to use two mqueue
applications 1) using !NULL attr parameter and it require big message
size and 2) using NULL attr parameter and only need small size message,
app (1) require to raise fs.mqueue.msgsize_max and app (2) consume large
memory size even though it doesn't need.

Doug Ledford propsed to switch back it to static hard coded value.
However it also has a compatibility problem.  Some applications might
started depend on the default value is tunable.

The solution is to separate default value from maximum value.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJoe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Cc: Amerigo Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NSerge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE is not a good threshold.  It is extremely high and
problematic.  Unfortunately, some silly drivers depend on this and we
can't change it.  But any new code needn't use such extreme ugly high
order allocations.  It brings us awful fragmentation issues and system
slowdown.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <mkosaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJoe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Cc: Amerigo Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Joe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Mqueue limitation is slightly naieve parameter likes other ipcs because
unprivileged user can consume kernel memory by using ipcs.

Thus, too aggressive raise bring us security issue.  Example, current
setting allow evil unprivileged user use 256GB (= 256 * 1024 * 1024*1024)
and it's enough large to system will belome unresponsive.  Don't do that.

Instead, every admin should adjust the knobs for their own systems.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NJoe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Cc: Amerigo Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NSerge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit b231cca4 ("message queues: increase range limits") changed the
maximum size of a message in a message queue from INT_MAX to 8192*128.
Unfortunately, we had customers that relied on a size much larger than
8192*128 on their production systems.  After reviewing POSIX, we found
that it is silent on the maximum message size.  We did find a couple other
areas in which it was not silent.  Fix up the mqueue maximums so that the
customer's system can continue to work, and document both the POSIX and
real world requirements in ipc_namespace.h so that we don't have this
issue crop back up.

Also, commit 9cf18e1d ("ipc: HARD_MSGMAX should be higher not lower
on 64bit") fiddled with HARD_MSGMAX without realizing that the number was
intentionally in place to limit the msg queue depth to one that was small
enough to kmalloc an array of pointers (hence why we divided 128k by
sizeof(long)).  If we wish to meet POSIX requirements, we have no choice
but to change our allocation to a vmalloc instead (at least for the large
queue size case).  With that, it's possible to increase our allowed
maximum to the POSIX requirements (or more if we choose).

[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: using vmalloc requires including vmalloc.h]
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Amerigo Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: NStephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In two places we don't enforce the hard limits for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE apps.
In preparation for making more reasonable hard limits, start enforcing
them even on CAP_SYS_RESOURCE.
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Amerigo Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit b231cca4 ("message queues: increase range limits") changed
how we create a queue that does not include an attr struct passed to
open so that it creates the queue with whatever the maximum values are.
However, if the admin has set the maximums to allow flexibility in
creating a queue (aka, both a large size and large queue are allowed,
but combined they create a queue too large for the RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE of
the user), then attempts to create a queue without an attr struct will
fail.  Switch back to using acceptable defaults regardless of what the
maximums are.

Note: so far, we only know of a few applications that rely on this
behavior (specifically, set the maximums in /proc, then run the
application which calls mq_open() without passing in an attr struct, and
the application expects the newly created message queue to have the
maximum sizes that were set in /proc used on the mq_open() call, and all
of those applications that we know of are actually part of regression
test suites that were coded to do something like this:

for size in 4096 65536 $((1024 * 1024)) $((16 * 1024 * 1024)); do
	echo $size > /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max
	mq_open || echo "Error opening mq with size $size"
done

These test suites that depend on any behavior like this are broken.  The
concept that programs should rely upon the system wide maximum in order
to get their desired results instead of simply using a attr struct to
specify what they want is fundamentally unfriendly programming practice
for any multi-tasking OS.

Fixing this will break those few apps that we know of (and those app
authors recognize the brokenness of their code and the need to fix it).
However, the following patch "mqueue: separate mqueue default value"
allows a workaround in the form of new knobs for the default msg queue
creation parameters for any software out there that we don't already
know about that might rely on this behavior at the moment.
Signed-off-by: NDoug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Amerigo Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>