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  1. 14 7月, 2021 1 次提交
  3. 10 7月, 2021 1 次提交
  5. 15 6月, 2021 1 次提交
  7. 03 6月, 2021 2 次提交
  9. 19 4月, 2021 1 次提交
  11. 09 4月, 2021 1 次提交
    • M
      mm/page_alloc.c: refactor initialization of struct page for holes in memory layout · ee0ae4f9
      由 Mike Rapoport 提交于 
      stable inclusion
from stable-5.10.24
commit 4c84191cbc3eff49568d3c5cccb628fa382cf7fb
bugzilla: 51348

--------------------------------

commit 0740a50b upstream.

There could be struct pages that are not backed by actual physical memory.
This can happen when the actual memory bank is not a multiple of
SECTION_SIZE or when an architecture does not register memory holes
reserved by the firmware as memblock.memory.

Such pages are currently initialized using init_unavailable_mem() function
that iterates through PFNs in holes in memblock.memory and if there is a
struct page corresponding to a PFN, the fields of this page are set to
default values and it is marked as Reserved.

init_unavailable_mem() does not take into account zone and node the page
belongs to and sets both zone and node links in struct page to zero.

Before commit 73a6e474 ("mm: memmap_init: iterate over memblock
regions rather that check each PFN") the holes inside a zone were
re-initialized during memmap_init() and got their zone/node links right.
However, after that commit nothing updates the struct pages representing
such holes.

On a system that has firmware reserved holes in a zone above ZONE_DMA, for
instance in a configuration below:

	# grep -A1 E820 /proc/iomem
	7a17b000-7a216fff : Unknown E820 type
	7a217000-7bffffff : System RAM

unset zone link in struct page will trigger

	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!zone_spans_pfn(page_zone(page), pfn), page);

in set_pfnblock_flags_mask() when called with a struct page from a range
other than E820_TYPE_RAM because there are pages in the range of
ZONE_DMA32 but the unset zone link in struct page makes them appear as a
part of ZONE_DMA.

Interleave initialization of the unavailable pages with the normal
initialization of memory map, so that zone and node information will be
properly set on struct pages that are not backed by the actual memory.

With this change the pages for holes inside a zone will get proper
zone/node links and the pages that are not spanned by any node will get
links to the adjacent zone/node.  The holes between nodes will be
prepended to the zone/node above the hole and the trailing pages in the
last section that will be appended to the zone/node below.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't initialize static to zero, use %llu for u64]

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210225224351.7356-2-rppt@kernel.org
Fixes: 73a6e474 ("mm: memmap_init: iterate over memblock regions rather that check each PFN")
Signed-off-by: NMike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Reported-by: NQian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Reported-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NBaoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Łukasz Majczak <lma@semihalf.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: "Sarvela, Tomi P" <tomi.p.sarvela@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NMike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NChen Jun <chenjun102@huawei.com>
Acked-by: N  Weilong Chen <chenweilong@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Zengkai <zhengzengkai@huawei.com>
      ee0ae4f9
  13. 08 2月, 2021 3 次提交
  15. 18 1月, 2021 1 次提交
    • B
      mm: memmap defer init doesn't work as expected · ad6a5557
      由 Baoquan He 提交于 
      stable inclusion
from stable-5.10.5
commit 98b57685c26d8f41040ecf71e190250fb2eb2a0c
bugzilla: 46931

--------------------------------

commit dc2da7b4 upstream.

VMware observed a performance regression during memmap init on their
platform, and bisected to commit 73a6e474 ("mm: memmap_init:
iterate over memblock regions rather that check each PFN") causing it.

Before the commit:

  [0.033176] Normal zone: 1445888 pages used for memmap
  [0.033176] Normal zone: 89391104 pages, LIFO batch:63
  [0.035851] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x448

With commit

  [0.026874] Normal zone: 1445888 pages used for memmap
  [0.026875] Normal zone: 89391104 pages, LIFO batch:63
  [2.028450] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x448

The root cause is the current memmap defer init doesn't work as expected.

Before, memmap_init_zone() was used to do memmap init of one whole zone,
to initialize all low zones of one numa node, but defer memmap init of
the last zone in that numa node.  However, since commit 73a6e474,
function memmap_init() is adapted to iterater over memblock regions
inside one zone, then call memmap_init_zone() to do memmap init for each
region.

E.g, on VMware's system, the memory layout is as below, there are two
memory regions in node 2.  The current code will mistakenly initialize the
whole 1st region [mem 0xab00000000-0xfcffffffff], then do memmap defer to
iniatialize only one memmory section on the 2nd region [mem
0x10000000000-0x1033fffffff].  In fact, we only expect to see that there's
only one memory section's memmap initialized.  That's why more time is
costed at the time.

[    0.008842] ACPI: SRAT: Node 0 PXM 0 [mem 0x00000000-0x0009ffff]
[    0.008842] ACPI: SRAT: Node 0 PXM 0 [mem 0x00100000-0xbfffffff]
[    0.008843] ACPI: SRAT: Node 0 PXM 0 [mem 0x100000000-0x55ffffffff]
[    0.008844] ACPI: SRAT: Node 1 PXM 1 [mem 0x5600000000-0xaaffffffff]
[    0.008844] ACPI: SRAT: Node 2 PXM 2 [mem 0xab00000000-0xfcffffffff]
[    0.008845] ACPI: SRAT: Node 2 PXM 2 [mem 0x10000000000-0x1033fffffff]

Now, let's add a parameter 'zone_end_pfn' to memmap_init_zone() to pass
down the real zone end pfn so that defer_init() can use it to judge
whether defer need be taken in zone wide.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201223080811.16211-1-bhe@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201223080811.16211-2-bhe@redhat.com
Fixes: commit 73a6e474 ("mm: memmap_init: iterate over memblock regions rather that check each PFN")
Signed-off-by: NBaoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reported-by: NRahul Gopakumar <gopakumarr@vmware.com>
Reviewed-by: NMike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NChen Jun <chenjun102@huawei.com>
Acked-by: NXie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
      ad6a5557
  17. 12 1月, 2021 1 次提交
  19. 07 1月, 2021 1 次提交
  21. 19 11月, 2020 1 次提交
    • D
      page_frag: Recover from memory pressure · d8c19014
      由 Dongli Zhang 提交于 
      The ethernet driver may allocate skb (and skb->data) via napi_alloc_skb().
This ends up to page_frag_alloc() to allocate skb->data from
page_frag_cache->va.

During the memory pressure, page_frag_cache->va may be allocated as
pfmemalloc page. As a result, the skb->pfmemalloc is always true as
skb->data is from page_frag_cache->va. The skb will be dropped if the
sock (receiver) does not have SOCK_MEMALLOC. This is expected behaviour
under memory pressure.

However, once kernel is not under memory pressure any longer (suppose large
amount of memory pages are just reclaimed), the page_frag_alloc() may still
re-use the prior pfmemalloc page_frag_cache->va to allocate skb->data. As a
result, the skb->pfmemalloc is always true unless page_frag_cache->va is
re-allocated, even if the kernel is not under memory pressure any longer.

Here is how kernel runs into issue.

1. The kernel is under memory pressure and allocation of
PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_ORDER in __page_frag_cache_refill() will fail. Instead,
the pfmemalloc page is allocated for page_frag_cache->va.

2: All skb->data from page_frag_cache->va (pfmemalloc) will have
skb->pfmemalloc=true. The skb will always be dropped by sock without
SOCK_MEMALLOC. This is an expected behaviour.

3. Suppose a large amount of pages are reclaimed and kernel is not under
memory pressure any longer. We expect skb->pfmemalloc drop will not happen.

4. Unfortunately, page_frag_alloc() does not proactively re-allocate
page_frag_alloc->va and will always re-use the prior pfmemalloc page. The
skb->pfmemalloc is always true even kernel is not under memory pressure any
longer.

Fix this by freeing and re-allocating the page instead of recycling it.

References: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20201103193239.1807-1-dongli.zhang@oracle.com/
References: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20201105042140.5253-1-willy@infradead.org/Suggested-by: NMatthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Aruna Ramakrishna <aruna.ramakrishna@oracle.com>
Cc: Bert Barbe <bert.barbe@oracle.com>
Cc: Rama Nichanamatlu <rama.nichanamatlu@oracle.com>
Cc: Venkat Venkatsubra <venkat.x.venkatsubra@oracle.com>
Cc: Manjunath Patil <manjunath.b.patil@oracle.com>
Cc: Joe Jin <joe.jin@oracle.com>
Cc: SRINIVAS <srinivas.eeda@oracle.com>
Fixes: 79930f58 ("net: do not deplete pfmemalloc reserve")
Signed-off-by: NDongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201115201029.11903-1-dongli.zhang@oracle.comSigned-off-by: NJakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
      d8c19014
  23. 17 10月, 2020 12 次提交
    • M
      mm: rename page_order() to buddy_order() · ab130f91
      由 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) 提交于 
      The current page_order() can only be called on pages in the buddy
allocator.  For compound pages, you have to use compound_order().  This is
confusing and led to a bug, so rename page_order() to buddy_order().
Signed-off-by: NMatthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201001152259.14932-2-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ab130f91
    • D
      mm/page_alloc: place pages to tail in __free_pages_core() · 7fef431b
      由 David Hildenbrand 提交于 
      __free_pages_core() is used when exposing fresh memory to the buddy during
system boot and when onlining memory in generic_online_page().

generic_online_page() is used in two cases:

1. Direct memory onlining in online_pages().
2. Deferred memory onlining in memory-ballooning-like mechanisms (HyperV
   balloon and virtio-mem), when parts of a section are kept
   fake-offline to be fake-onlined later on.

In 1, we already place pages to the tail of the freelist.  Pages will be
freed to MIGRATE_ISOLATE lists first and moved to the tail of the
freelists via undo_isolate_page_range().

In 2, we currently don't implement a proper rule.  In case of virtio-mem,
where we currently always online MAX_ORDER - 1 pages, the pages will be
placed to the HEAD of the freelist - undesireable.  While the hyper-v
balloon calls generic_online_page() with single pages, usually it will
call it on successive single pages in a larger block.

The pages are fresh, so place them to the tail of the freelist and avoid
the PCP.  In __free_pages_core(), remove the now superflouos call to
set_page_refcounted() and add a comment regarding page initialization and
the refcount.

Note: In 2.  we currently don't shuffle.  If ever relevant (page shuffling
is usually of limited use in virtualized environments), we might want to
shuffle after a sequence of generic_online_page() calls in the relevant
callers.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: NWei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: NPankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Scott Cheloha <cheloha@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201005121534.15649-5-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      7fef431b
    • D
      mm/page_alloc: move pages to tail in move_to_free_list() · 293ffa5e
      由 David Hildenbrand 提交于 
      Whenever we move pages between freelists via move_to_free_list()/
move_freepages_block(), we don't actually touch the pages:
1. Page isolation doesn't actually touch the pages, it simply isolates
   pageblocks and moves all free pages to the MIGRATE_ISOLATE freelist.
   When undoing isolation, we move the pages back to the target list.
2. Page stealing (steal_suitable_fallback()) moves free pages directly
   between lists without touching them.
3. reserve_highatomic_pageblock()/unreserve_highatomic_pageblock() moves
   free pages directly between freelists without touching them.

We already place pages to the tail of the freelists when undoing isolation
via __putback_isolated_page(), let's do it in any case (e.g., if order <=
pageblock_order) and document the behavior. To simplify, let's move the
pages to the tail for all move_to_free_list()/move_freepages_block() users.

In 2., the target list is empty, so there should be no change.  In 3., we
might observe a change, however, highatomic is more concerned about
allocations succeeding than cache hotness - if we ever realize this change
degrades a workload, we can special-case this instance and add a proper
comment.

This change results in all pages getting onlined via online_pages() to be
placed to the tail of the freelist.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: NWei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: NPankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Scott Cheloha <cheloha@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201005121534.15649-4-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      293ffa5e
    • D
      mm/page_alloc: place pages to tail in __putback_isolated_page() · 47b6a24a
      由 David Hildenbrand 提交于 
      __putback_isolated_page() already documents that pages will be placed to
the tail of the freelist - this is, however, not the case for "order >=
MAX_ORDER - 2" (see buddy_merge_likely()) - which should be the case for
all existing users.

This change affects two users:
- free page reporting
- page isolation, when undoing the isolation (including memory onlining).

This behavior is desirable for pages that haven't really been touched
lately, so exactly the two users that don't actually read/write page
content, but rather move untouched pages.

The new behavior is especially desirable for memory onlining, where we
allow allocation of newly onlined pages via undo_isolate_page_range() in
online_pages().  Right now, we always place them to the head of the
freelist, resulting in undesireable behavior: Assume we add individual
memory chunks via add_memory() and online them right away to the NORMAL
zone.  We create a dependency chain of unmovable allocations e.g., via the
memmap.  The memmap of the next chunk will be placed onto previous chunks
- if the last block cannot get offlined+removed, all dependent ones cannot
get offlined+removed.  While this can already be observed with individual
DIMMs, it's more of an issue for virtio-mem (and I suspect also ppc
DLPAR).

Document that this should only be used for optimizations, and no code
should rely on this behavior for correction (if the order of the freelists
ever changes).

We won't care about page shuffling: memory onlining already properly
shuffles after onlining.  free page reporting doesn't care about
physically contiguous ranges, and there are already cases where page
isolation will simply move (physically close) free pages to (currently)
the head of the freelists via move_freepages_block() instead of shuffling.
If this becomes ever relevant, we should shuffle the whole zone when
undoing isolation of larger ranges, and after free_contig_range().
Signed-off-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: NWei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NPankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Scott Cheloha <cheloha@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201005121534.15649-3-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      47b6a24a
    • D
      mm/page_alloc: convert "report" flag of __free_one_page() to a proper flag · f04a5d5d
      由 David Hildenbrand 提交于 
      Patch series "mm: place pages to the freelist tail when onlining and undoing isolation", v2.

When adding separate memory blocks via add_memory*() and onlining them
immediately, the metadata (especially the memmap) of the next block will
be placed onto one of the just added+onlined block.  This creates a chain
of unmovable allocations: If the last memory block cannot get
offlined+removed() so will all dependent ones.  We directly have unmovable
allocations all over the place.

This can be observed quite easily using virtio-mem, however, it can also
be observed when using DIMMs.  The freshly onlined pages will usually be
placed to the head of the freelists, meaning they will be allocated next,
turning the just-added memory usually immediately un-removable.  The fresh
pages are cold, prefering to allocate others (that might be hot) also
feels to be the natural thing to do.

It also applies to the hyper-v balloon xen-balloon, and ppc64 dlpar: when
adding separate, successive memory blocks, each memory block will have
unmovable allocations on them - for example gigantic pages will fail to
allocate.

While the ZONE_NORMAL doesn't provide any guarantees that memory can get
offlined+removed again (any kind of fragmentation with unmovable
allocations is possible), there are many scenarios (hotplugging a lot of
memory, running workload, hotunplug some memory/as much as possible) where
we can offline+remove quite a lot with this patchset.

a) To visualize the problem, a very simple example:

Start a VM with 4GB and 8GB of virtio-mem memory:

 [root@localhost ~]# lsmem
 RANGE                                 SIZE  STATE REMOVABLE  BLOCK
 0x0000000000000000-0x00000000bfffffff   3G online       yes   0-23
 0x0000000100000000-0x000000033fffffff   9G online       yes 32-103

 Memory block size:       128M
 Total online memory:      12G
 Total offline memory:      0B

Then try to unplug as much as possible using virtio-mem. Observe which
memory blocks are still around. Without this patch set:

 [root@localhost ~]# lsmem
 RANGE                                  SIZE  STATE REMOVABLE   BLOCK
 0x0000000000000000-0x00000000bfffffff    3G online       yes    0-23
 0x0000000100000000-0x000000013fffffff    1G online       yes   32-39
 0x0000000148000000-0x000000014fffffff  128M online       yes      41
 0x0000000158000000-0x000000015fffffff  128M online       yes      43
 0x0000000168000000-0x000000016fffffff  128M online       yes      45
 0x0000000178000000-0x000000017fffffff  128M online       yes      47
 0x0000000188000000-0x0000000197ffffff  256M online       yes   49-50
 0x00000001a0000000-0x00000001a7ffffff  128M online       yes      52
 0x00000001b0000000-0x00000001b7ffffff  128M online       yes      54
 0x00000001c0000000-0x00000001c7ffffff  128M online       yes      56
 0x00000001d0000000-0x00000001d7ffffff  128M online       yes      58
 0x00000001e0000000-0x00000001e7ffffff  128M online       yes      60
 0x00000001f0000000-0x00000001f7ffffff  128M online       yes      62
 0x0000000200000000-0x0000000207ffffff  128M online       yes      64
 0x0000000210000000-0x0000000217ffffff  128M online       yes      66
 0x0000000220000000-0x0000000227ffffff  128M online       yes      68
 0x0000000230000000-0x0000000237ffffff  128M online       yes      70
 0x0000000240000000-0x0000000247ffffff  128M online       yes      72
 0x0000000250000000-0x0000000257ffffff  128M online       yes      74
 0x0000000260000000-0x0000000267ffffff  128M online       yes      76
 0x0000000270000000-0x0000000277ffffff  128M online       yes      78
 0x0000000280000000-0x0000000287ffffff  128M online       yes      80
 0x0000000290000000-0x0000000297ffffff  128M online       yes      82
 0x00000002a0000000-0x00000002a7ffffff  128M online       yes      84
 0x00000002b0000000-0x00000002b7ffffff  128M online       yes      86
 0x00000002c0000000-0x00000002c7ffffff  128M online       yes      88
 0x00000002d0000000-0x00000002d7ffffff  128M online       yes      90
 0x00000002e0000000-0x00000002e7ffffff  128M online       yes      92
 0x00000002f0000000-0x00000002f7ffffff  128M online       yes      94
 0x0000000300000000-0x0000000307ffffff  128M online       yes      96
 0x0000000310000000-0x0000000317ffffff  128M online       yes      98
 0x0000000320000000-0x0000000327ffffff  128M online       yes     100
 0x0000000330000000-0x000000033fffffff  256M online       yes 102-103

 Memory block size:       128M
 Total online memory:     8.1G
 Total offline memory:      0B

With this patch set:

 [root@localhost ~]# lsmem
 RANGE                                 SIZE  STATE REMOVABLE BLOCK
 0x0000000000000000-0x00000000bfffffff   3G online       yes  0-23
 0x0000000100000000-0x000000013fffffff   1G online       yes 32-39

 Memory block size:       128M
 Total online memory:       4G
 Total offline memory:      0B

All memory can get unplugged, all memory block can get removed.  Of
course, no workload ran and the system was basically idle, but it
highlights the issue - the fairly deterministic chain of unmovable
allocations.  When a huge page for the 2MB memmap is needed, a
just-onlined 4MB page will be split.  The remaining 2MB page will be used
for the memmap of the next memory block.  So one memory block will hold
the memmap of the two following memory blocks.  Finally the pages of the
last-onlined memory block will get used for the next bigger allocations -
if any allocation is unmovable, all dependent memory blocks cannot get
unplugged and removed until that allocation is gone.

Note that with bigger memory blocks (e.g., 256MB), *all* memory
blocks are dependent and none can get unplugged again!

b) Experiment with memory intensive workload

I performed an experiment with an older version of this patch set (before
we used undo_isolate_page_range() in online_pages(): Hotplug 56GB to a VM
with an initial 4GB, onlining all memory to ZONE_NORMAL right from the
kernel when adding it.  I then run various memory intensive workloads that
consume most system memory for a total of 45 minutes.  Once finished, I
try to unplug as much memory as possible.

With this change, I am able to remove via virtio-mem (adding individual
128MB memory blocks) 413 out of 448 added memory blocks.  Via individual
(256MB) DIMMs 380 out of 448 added memory blocks.  (I don't have any
numbers without this patchset, but looking at the above example, it's at
most half of the 448 memory blocks for virtio-mem, and most probably none
for DIMMs).

Again, there are workloads that might behave very differently due to the
nature of ZONE_NORMAL.

This change also affects (besides memory onlining):
- Other users of undo_isolate_page_range(): Pages are always placed to the
  tail.
-- When memory offlining fails
-- When memory isolation fails after having isolated some pageblocks
-- When alloc_contig_range() either succeeds or fails
- Other users of __putback_isolated_page(): Pages are always placed to the
  tail.
-- Free page reporting
- Other users of __free_pages_core()
-- AFAIKs, any memory that is getting exposed to the buddy during boot.
   IIUC we will now usually allocate memory from lower addresses within
   a zone first (especially during boot).
- Other users of generic_online_page()
-- Hyper-V balloon

This patch (of 5):

Let's prepare for additional flags and avoid long parameter lists of
bools.  Follow-up patches will also make use of the flags in
__free_pages_ok().
Signed-off-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: NWei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NPankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Scott Cheloha <cheloha@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201005121534.15649-1-david@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201005121534.15649-2-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      f04a5d5d
    • D
      mm: pass migratetype into memmap_init_zone() and move_pfn_range_to_zone() · d882c006
      由 David Hildenbrand 提交于 
      On the memory onlining path, we want to start with MIGRATE_ISOLATE, to
un-isolate the pages after memory onlining is complete.  Let's allow
passing in the migratetype.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Charan Teja Reddy <charante@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200819175957.28465-10-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      d882c006
    • D
      mm/page_alloc: drop stale pageblock comment in memmap_init_zone*() · 4eb29bd9
      由 David Hildenbrand 提交于 
      Commit ac5d2539 ("mm: meminit: reduce number of times pageblocks are
set during struct page init") moved the actual zone range check, leaving
only the alignment check for pageblocks.

Let's drop the stale comment and make the pageblock check easier to read.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Charan Teja Reddy <charante@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200819175957.28465-9-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      4eb29bd9
    • D
      mm/page_isolation: simplify return value of start_isolate_page_range() · 3fa0c7c7
      由 David Hildenbrand 提交于 
      Callers no longer need the number of isolated pageblocks.  Let's simplify.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Charan Teja Reddy <charante@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200819175957.28465-7-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      3fa0c7c7
    • D
      mm/page_alloc: simplify __offline_isolated_pages() · 257bea71
      由 David Hildenbrand 提交于 
      offline_pages() is the only user.  __offline_isolated_pages() never gets
called with ranges that contain memory holes and we no longer care about
the return value.  Drop the return value handling and all pfn_valid()
checks.

Update the documentation.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Charan Teja Reddy <charante@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200819175957.28465-5-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      257bea71
    • O
      mm,hwpoison: rework soft offline for in-use pages · 79f5f8fa
      由 Oscar Salvador 提交于 
      This patch changes the way we set and handle in-use poisoned pages.  Until
now, poisoned pages were released to the buddy allocator, trusting that
the checks that take place at allocation time would act as a safe net and
would skip that page.

This has proved to be wrong, as we got some pfn walkers out there, like
compaction, that all they care is the page to be in a buddy freelist.

Although this might not be the only user, having poisoned pages in the
buddy allocator seems a bad idea as we should only have free pages that
are ready and meant to be used as such.

Before explaining the taken approach, let us break down the kind of pages
we can soft offline.

- Anonymous THP (after the split, they end up being 4K pages)
- Hugetlb
- Order-0 pages (that can be either migrated or invalited)

* Normal pages (order-0 and anon-THP)

  - If they are clean and unmapped page cache pages, we invalidate
    then by means of invalidate_inode_page().
  - If they are mapped/dirty, we do the isolate-and-migrate dance.

Either way, do not call put_page directly from those paths.  Instead, we
keep the page and send it to page_handle_poison to perform the right
handling.

page_handle_poison sets the HWPoison flag and does the last put_page.

Down the chain, we placed a check for HWPoison page in
free_pages_prepare, that just skips any poisoned page, so those pages
do not end up in any pcplist/freelist.

After that, we set the refcount on the page to 1 and we increment
the poisoned pages counter.

If we see that the check in free_pages_prepare creates trouble, we can
always do what we do for free pages:

  - wait until the page hits buddy's freelists
  - take it off, and flag it

The downside of the above approach is that we could race with an
allocation, so by the time we  want to take the page off the buddy, the
page has been already allocated so we cannot soft offline it.
But the user could always retry it.

* Hugetlb pages

  - We isolate-and-migrate them

After the migration has been successful, we call dissolve_free_huge_page,
and we set HWPoison on the page if we succeed.
Hugetlb has a slightly different handling though.

While for non-hugetlb pages we cared about closing the race with an
allocation, doing so for hugetlb pages requires quite some additional
and intrusive code (we would need to hook in free_huge_page and some other
places).
So I decided to not make the code overly complicated and just fail
normally if the page we allocated in the meantime.

We can always build on top of this.

As a bonus, because of the way we handle now in-use pages, we no longer
need the put-as-isolation-migratetype dance, that was guarding for poisoned
pages to end up in pcplists.
Signed-off-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@nec.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aristeu Rozanski <aris@ruivo.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Yakunin <zeil@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200922135650.1634-10-osalvador@suse.deSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      79f5f8fa
    • O
      mm,hwpoison: rework soft offline for free pages · 06be6ff3
      由 Oscar Salvador 提交于 
      When trying to soft-offline a free page, we need to first take it off the
buddy allocator.  Once we know is out of reach, we can safely flag it as
poisoned.

take_page_off_buddy will be used to take a page meant to be poisoned off
the buddy allocator.  take_page_off_buddy calls break_down_buddy_pages,
which splits a higher-order page in case our page belongs to one.

Once the page is under our control, we call page_handle_poison to set it
as poisoned and grab a refcount on it.
Signed-off-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@nec.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aristeu Rozanski <aris@ruivo.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Yakunin <zeil@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200922135650.1634-9-osalvador@suse.deSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      06be6ff3
    • M
      mm/page_owner: change split_page_owner to take a count · 8fb156c9
      由 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) 提交于 
      The implementation of split_page_owner() prefers a count rather than the
old order of the page.  When we support a variable size THP, we won't
have the order at this point, but we will have the number of pages.
So change the interface to what the caller and callee would prefer.
Signed-off-by: NMatthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NSeongJae Park <sjpark@amazon.de>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200908195539.25896-4-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      8fb156c9
  25. 14 10月, 2020 11 次提交
  27. 12 10月, 2020 1 次提交
  29. 04 10月, 2020 1 次提交
  31. 27 9月, 2020 1 次提交
    • L
      mm: replace memmap_context by meminit_context · c1d0da83
      由 Laurent Dufour 提交于 
      Patch series "mm: fix memory to node bad links in sysfs", v3.

Sometimes, firmware may expose interleaved memory layout like this:

 Early memory node ranges
   node   1: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000011fffffff]
   node   2: [mem 0x0000000120000000-0x000000014fffffff]
   node   1: [mem 0x0000000150000000-0x00000001ffffffff]
   node   0: [mem 0x0000000200000000-0x000000048fffffff]
   node   2: [mem 0x0000000490000000-0x00000007ffffffff]

In that case, we can see memory blocks assigned to multiple nodes in
sysfs:

  $ ls -l /sys/devices/system/memory/memory21
  total 0
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Aug 24 05:27 node1 -> ../../node/node1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Aug 24 05:27 node2 -> ../../node/node2
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 online
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 phys_device
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 phys_index
  drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     0 Aug 24 05:27 power
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 removable
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 state
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Aug 24 05:25 subsystem -> ../../../../bus/memory
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:25 uevent
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 valid_zones

The same applies in the node's directory with a memory21 link in both
the node1 and node2's directory.

This is wrong but doesn't prevent the system to run.  However when
later, one of these memory blocks is hot-unplugged and then hot-plugged,
the system is detecting an inconsistency in the sysfs layout and a
BUG_ON() is raised:

  kernel BUG at /Users/laurent/src/linux-ppc/mm/memory_hotplug.c:1084!
  LE PAGE_SIZE=64K MMU=Hash SMP NR_CPUS=2048 NUMA pSeries
  Modules linked in: rpadlpar_io rpaphp pseries_rng rng_core vmx_crypto gf128mul binfmt_misc ip_tables x_tables xfs libcrc32c crc32c_vpmsum autofs4
  CPU: 8 PID: 10256 Comm: drmgr Not tainted 5.9.0-rc1+ #25
  Call Trace:
    add_memory_resource+0x23c/0x340 (unreliable)
    __add_memory+0x5c/0xf0
    dlpar_add_lmb+0x1b4/0x500
    dlpar_memory+0x1f8/0xb80
    handle_dlpar_errorlog+0xc0/0x190
    dlpar_store+0x198/0x4a0
    kobj_attr_store+0x30/0x50
    sysfs_kf_write+0x64/0x90
    kernfs_fop_write+0x1b0/0x290
    vfs_write+0xe8/0x290
    ksys_write+0xdc/0x130
    system_call_exception+0x160/0x270
    system_call_common+0xf0/0x27c

This has been seen on PowerPC LPAR.

The root cause of this issue is that when node's memory is registered,
the range used can overlap another node's range, thus the memory block
is registered to multiple nodes in sysfs.

There are two issues here:

 (a) The sysfs memory and node's layouts are broken due to these
     multiple links

 (b) The link errors in link_mem_sections() should not lead to a system
     panic.

To address (a) register_mem_sect_under_node should not rely on the
system state to detect whether the link operation is triggered by a hot
plug operation or not.  This is addressed by the patches 1 and 2 of this
series.

Issue (b) will be addressed separately.

This patch (of 2):

The memmap_context enum is used to detect whether a memory operation is
due to a hot-add operation or happening at boot time.

Make it general to the hotplug operation and rename it as
meminit_context.

There is no functional change introduced by this patch
Suggested-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLaurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NOscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Nathan Lynch <nathanl@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Scott Cheloha <cheloha@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200915094143.79181-1-ldufour@linux.ibm.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200915132624.9723-1-ldufour@linux.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      c1d0da83