Problem and motivation: Once a breakpoint perf event (PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT)
is created, there is no flexibility to change the breakpoint type
(bp_type), breakpoint address (bp_addr), or breakpoint length (bp_len). The
only option is to close the perf event and configure a new breakpoint
event. This inflexibility has a significant performance overhead. For
example, sampling-based, lightweight performance profilers (and also
concurrency bug detection tools),  monitor different addresses for a short
duration using PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT and change the address (bp_addr) to
another address or change the kind of breakpoint (bp_type) from  "write" to
a "read" or vice-versa or change the length (bp_len) of the address being
monitored. The cost of these modifications is prohibitive since it involves
unmapping the circular buffer associated with the perf event, closing the
perf event, opening another perf event and mmaping another circular buffer.

Solution: The new ioctl flag for perf events,
PERF_EVENT_IOC_MODIFY_ATTRIBUTES, introduced in this patch takes a pointer
to a struct perf_event_attr as an argument to update an old breakpoint
event with new address, type, and size. This facility allows retaining a
previous mmaped perf events ring buffer and avoids having to close and
reopen another perf event.

This patch supports only changing PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT event type; future
implementations can extend this feature. The patch replicates some of its
functionality of modify_user_hw_breakpoint() in
kernel/events/hw_breakpoint.c. modify_user_hw_breakpoint cannot be called
directly since perf_event_ctx_lock() is already held in _perf_ioctl().

Evidence: Experiments show that the baseline (not able to modify an already
created breakpoint) costs an order of magnitude (~10x) more than the
suggested optimization (having the ability to dynamically modifying a
configured breakpoint via ioctl). When the breakpoints typically do not
trap, the speedup due to the suggested optimization is ~10x; even when the
breakpoints always trap, the speedup is ~4x due to the suggested
optimization.

Testing: tests posted at
https://github.com/linux-contrib/perf_event_modify_bp demonstrate the
performance significance of this patch. Tests also check the functional
correctness of the patch.
Signed-off-by: NMilind Chabbi <chabbi.milind@gmail.com>
[ Using modify_user_hw_breakpoint_check function. ]
[ Reformated PERF_EVENT_IOC_*, so the values are all in one column. ]
Signed-off-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <onestero@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180312134548.31532-8-jolsa@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

perf_event.h is updated in previous patch, this patch applies the same
changes to the tools/ version. This is part is put in a separate
patch in case the two files are back ported separately.
Signed-off-by: NSong Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: NYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: <kernel-team@fb.com>
Cc: <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171206224518.3598254-5-songliubraving@fb.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

The perf_event_header::misc bit 13 is shared on different events and
next patch is adding yet another bit 13 user.  Updating the comment to
make it more structured and clear which events use bit 13.
Suggested-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180107160356.28203-8-jolsa@kernel.org
[ Update the tools/include/uapi/linux copy ]
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Adding missing sample_id line into PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START
event comment.
Signed-off-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180107160356.28203-5-jolsa@kernel.org
[ Update the tools/include/uapi/linux copy ]
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Added a subtest in test_progs. The tracepoint is
sched/sched_switch. Multiple bpf programs are attached to
this tracepoint and the query interface is exercised.
Signed-off-by: NYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

To get the changes in the 085b3062 ("perf/core: Add
PERF_AUX_FLAG_COLLISION to report colliding samples") commit, that will
be eventually used by perf to handle the ARM SPE architecture.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-178ohv0oy0csq3kzfdk8ky4n@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

After the SPDX license tags were added a number of tooling headers got out of
sync with their kernel variants, generating lots of build warnings.

Sync them:

 - tools/arch/x86/include/asm/disabled-features.h,
   tools/arch/x86/include/asm/required-features.h,
   tools/include/linux/hash.h:

     Remove the SPDX tag where the kernel version does not have it.

 - tools/include/asm-generic/bitops/__fls.h,
   tools/include/asm-generic/bitops/arch_hweight.h,
   tools/include/asm-generic/bitops/const_hweight.h,
   tools/include/asm-generic/bitops/fls.h,
   tools/include/asm-generic/bitops/fls64.h,
   tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/ioctls.h,
   tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/mman-common.h,
   tools/include/uapi/sound/asound.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/perf_event.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/sched.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/vhost.h,
   tools/include/uapi/sound/asound.h:

     Add the SPDX tag of the respective kernel header.

 - tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf_common.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/fcntl.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/hw_breakpoint.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/mman.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/stat.h,

     Change the tag to the kernel header version:

       -/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
       +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */

Also sync other header details:

 - include/uapi/sound/asound.h:

     Fix pointless end of line whitespace noise the header grew in this cycle.

 - tools/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S:

     Sync the code and add tools/include/asm/export.h with dummy wrappers
     to support building the kernel side code in a tooling header environment.

 - tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/mman.h,
   tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h:

     Sync other details that don't impact tooling's use of the ABIs.
Acked-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Support new sample type PERF_SAMPLE_PHYS_ADDR for physical address.

Add new option --phys-data to record sample physical address.
Signed-off-by: NKan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Tested-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NStephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1504026672-7304-2-git-send-email-kan.liang@intel.com
[ Added missing printing in evsel.c patch sent by Jiri Olsa ]
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Add decoding for the new "lvlx" and "snoopx" meminfo fields added
earlier to the kernel so that "perf mem report" and other tools can
print it properly.

v2: Merge with persistent memory patch.
Switch to new bit encoding for each combination.

v3: Switch to generic lvlnum field.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170816222156.19953-4-andi@firstfloor.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

It is often useful to know the branch types while analyzing branch data.
For example, a call is very different from a conditional branch.

Currently we have to look it up in binary while the binary may later not
be available and even the binary is available but user has to take some
time. It is very useful for user to check it directly in perf report.

Perf already has support for disassembling the branch instruction to get
the x86 branch type.

To keep consistent on kernel and userspace and make the classification
more common, the patch adds the common branch type classification
in perf_event.h.

The patch only defines a minimum but most common set of branch types.

PERF_BR_UNKNOWN         : unknown
PERF_BR_COND            ：conditional
PERF_BR_UNCOND          : unconditional
PERF_BR_IND             : indirect
PERF_BR_CALL            : function call
PERF_BR_IND_CALL        : indirect function call
PERF_BR_RET             : function return
PERF_BR_SYSCALL         : syscall
PERF_BR_SYSRET          : syscall return
PERF_BR_COND_CALL       : conditional function call
PERF_BR_COND_RET        : conditional function return

The patch also adds a new field type (4 bits) in perf_branch_entry
to record the branch type.

Since the disassembling of branch instruction needs some overhead,
a new PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_TYPE_SAVE is introduced to indicate if it
needs to disassemble the branch instruction and record the branch
type.

Change log:

v10: Not changed.

v9: Not changed.

v8: Change PERF_BR_NONE to PERF_BR_UNKNOWN.
    No other change.

v7: Just keep the most common branch types.
    Others are removed.

v6: Not changed.

v5: Not changed. The v5 patch series just change the userspace.

v4: Comparing to previous version, the major changes are:

1. Remove the PERF_BR_JCC_FWD/PERF_BR_JCC_BWD, they will be
   computed later in userspace.

2. Remove the "cross" field in perf_branch_entry. The cross page
   computing will be done later in userspace.
Signed-off-by: NYao Jin <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NMichael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1500379995-6449-2-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

perf_mem_data_src is a union that is initialized in the kernel via the ->val
field and accessed by userspace via the mem_xxx bitfields. For this to work
correctly on big endian platforms, we need a big-endian definition for the
bitfields.

Currently on a big endian system, if a user requests PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC (perf
report -d), they will get the default value from perf_sample_data_init(), which
is PERF_MEM_NA. The value for PERF_MEM_NA is constructed using shifts:

  /* TLB access */
  #define PERF_MEM_TLB_NA		0x01 /* not available */
  ...
  #define PERF_MEM_TLB_SHIFT	26

  #define PERF_MEM_S(a, s) \
	(((__u64)PERF_MEM_##a##_##s) << PERF_MEM_##a##_SHIFT)

  #define PERF_MEM_NA (PERF_MEM_S(OP, NA)   |\
		    PERF_MEM_S(LVL, NA)   |\
		    PERF_MEM_S(SNOOP, NA) |\
		    PERF_MEM_S(LOCK, NA)  |\
		    PERF_MEM_S(TLB, NA))

Which works out as:

  ((0x01 << 0) | (0x01 << 5) | (0x01 << 19) | (0x01 << 24) | (0x01 << 26))

Which means the PERF_MEM_NA value comes out of the kernel as 0x5080021
in CPU endian.

But then in the perf tool, the code uses the bitfields to inspect the value, and
currently the bitfields are defined using little endian ordering.

So eg. in perf_mem__tlb_scnprintf() we see:
  data_src->val = 0x5080021
             op = 0x0
            lvl = 0x0
          snoop = 0x0
           lock = 0x0
           dtlb = 0x0
           rsvd = 0x5080021

Because of the way the perf tool code is written this is still displayed to the
user as "N/A", so there is no bug visible at the UI level.

Currently there are no big endian architectures which export a meaningful
value (ie. other than PERF_MEM_NA), so the extent of the bug on big endian
platforms is that the PERF_MEM_NA value is exported incorrectly as described
above. Subsequent patches will add support on big endian powerpc for populating
the data source value.

This patch does a minimal fix of adding big endian definition of the bitfields
to match the values that are already exported by the kernel on big endian. And
it makes no change on little endian.
Signed-off-by: NSukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NMadhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NMichael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>

To get PERF_AUX_FLAG_PARTIAL, introduced in:

  ae0c2d99 ("perf/core: Add a flag for partial AUX records")

and that will be used to warn the user about gaps in AUX records due
to VMX being used in KVM guests.

Silences the kernel/tools file copy detector:

  Warning: include/uapi/linux/perf_event.h differs from kernel
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vince@deater.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8760j941ig.fsf@ashishki-desk.ger.corp.intel.com
[ Split from a larger patch ]
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Introduce a new option to record PERF_RECORD_NAMESPACES events emitted
by the kernel when fork, clone, setns or unshare are invoked. And update
perf-record documentation with the new option to record namespace
events.

Committer notes:

Combined it with a later patch to allow printing it via 'perf report -D'
and be able to test the feature introduced in this patch. Had to move
here also perf_ns__name(), that was introduced in another later patch.

Also used PRIu64 and PRIx64 to fix the build in some enfironments wrt:

  util/event.c:1129:39: error: format '%lx' expects argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 6 has type 'long long unsigned int' [-Werror=format=]
     ret  += fprintf(fp, "%u/%s: %lu/0x%lx%s", idx
                                         ^
Testing it:

  # perf record --namespaces -a
  ^C[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
  [ perf record: Captured and wrote 1.083 MB perf.data (423 samples) ]
  #
  # perf report -D
  <SNIP>
  3 2028902078892 0x115140 [0xa0]: PERF_RECORD_NAMESPACES 14783/14783 - nr_namespaces: 7
                [0/net: 3/0xf0000081, 1/uts: 3/0xeffffffe, 2/ipc: 3/0xefffffff, 3/pid: 3/0xeffffffc,
                 4/user: 3/0xeffffffd, 5/mnt: 3/0xf0000000, 6/cgroup: 3/0xeffffffb]

  0x1151e0 [0x30]: event: 9
  .
  . ... raw event: size 48 bytes
  .  0000:  09 00 00 00 02 00 30 00 c4 71 82 68 0c 7f 00 00  ......0..q.h....
  .  0010:  a9 39 00 00 a9 39 00 00 94 28 fe 63 d8 01 00 00  .9...9...(.c....
  .  0020:  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ce c4 02 00 00 00 00 00  ................
  <SNIP>
        NAMESPACES events:          1
  <SNIP>
  #
Signed-off-by: NHari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Tested-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aravinda Prasad <aravinda@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148891930386.25309.18412039920746995488.stgit@hbathini.in.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

We shouldn't use headers from the kernel sources directly, instead we
should use the system's headers or in cases where that isn't possible,
like with perf_event.h, where the introduction of kernel features such
as perf_event_attr.{write_backwards,sample_max_stack} and
PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT take some time to become available in
/usr/include/linux/perf_event.h we need a copy.

Do it and check for source code drift, emitting a warning when changes
are detected.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-v6aks5un3s5pehory6f42nrl@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Additionally to being able to control the system wide maximum depth via
/proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack, now we are able to ask for
different depths per event, using perf_event_attr.sample_max_stack for
that.

This uses an u16 hole at the end of perf_event_attr, that, when
perf_event_attr.sample_type has the PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN, if
sample_max_stack is zero, means use perf_event_max_stack, otherwise
it'll be bounds checked under callchain_mutex.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-kolmn1yo40p7jhswxwrc7rrd@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

The perf_sample->ip_callchain->nr value includes all the entries in the
ip_callchain->ip[] array, real addresses and PERF_CONTEXT_{KERNEL,USER,etc},
while what the user expects is that what is in the kernel.perf_event_max_stack
sysctl or in the upcoming per event perf_event_attr.sample_max_stack knob be
honoured in terms of IP addresses in the stack trace.

So allocate a bunch of extra entries for contexts, and do the accounting
via perf_callchain_entry_ctx struct members.

A new sysctl, kernel.perf_event_max_contexts_per_stack is also
introduced for investigating possible bugs in the callchain
implementation by some arch.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-3b4wnqk340c4sg4gwkfdi9yk@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

This patch introduces 'write_backward' bit to perf_event_attr, which
controls the direction of a ring buffer. After set, the corresponding
ring buffer is written from end to beginning. This feature is design to
support reading from overwritable ring buffer.

Ring buffer can be created by mapping a perf event fd. Kernel puts event
records into ring buffer, user tooling like perf fetch them from
address returned by mmap(). To prevent racing between kernel and tooling,
they communicate to each other through 'head' and 'tail' pointers.
Kernel maintains 'head' pointer, points it to the next free area (tail
of the last record). Tooling maintains 'tail' pointer, points it to the
tail of last consumed record (record has already been fetched). Kernel
determines the available space in a ring buffer using these two
pointers to avoid overwrite unfetched records.

By mapping without 'PROT_WRITE', an overwritable ring buffer is created.
Different from normal ring buffer, tooling is unable to maintain 'tail'
pointer because writing is forbidden. Therefore, for this type of ring
buffers, kernel overwrite old records unconditionally, works like flight
recorder. This feature would be useful if reading from overwritable ring
buffer were as easy as reading from normal ring buffer. However,
there's an obscure problem.

The following figure demonstrates a full overwritable ring buffer. In
this figure, the 'head' pointer points to the end of last record, and a
long record 'E' is pending. For a normal ring buffer, a 'tail' pointer
would have pointed to position (X), so kernel knows there's no more
space in the ring buffer. However, for an overwritable ring buffer,
kernel ignore the 'tail' pointer.

   (X)                              head
    .                                |
    .                                V
    +------+-------+----------+------+---+
    |A....A|B.....B|C........C|D....D|   |
    +------+-------+----------+------+---+

Record 'A' is overwritten by event 'E':

      head
       |
       V
    +--+---+-------+----------+------+---+
    |.E|..A|B.....B|C........C|D....D|E..|
    +--+---+-------+----------+------+---+

Now tooling decides to read from this ring buffer. However, none of these
two natural positions, 'head' and the start of this ring buffer, are
pointing to the head of a record. Even the full ring buffer can be
accessed by tooling, it is unable to find a position to start decoding.

The first attempt tries to solve this problem AFAIK can be found from
[1]. It makes kernel to maintain 'tail' pointer: updates it when ring
buffer is half full. However, this approach introduces overhead to
fast path. Test result shows a 1% overhead [2]. In addition, this method
utilizes no more tham 50% records.

Another attempt can be found from [3], which allows putting the size of
an event at the end of each record. This approach allows tooling to find
records in a backward manner from 'head' pointer by reading size of a
record from its tail. However, because of alignment requirement, it
needs 8 bytes to record the size of a record, which is a huge waste. Its
performance is also not good, because more data need to be written.
This approach also introduces some extra branch instructions to fast
path.

'write_backward' is a better solution to this problem.

Following figure demonstrates the state of the overwritable ring buffer
when 'write_backward' is set before overwriting:

       head
        |
        V
    +---+------+----------+-------+------+
    |   |D....D|C........C|B.....B|A....A|
    +---+------+----------+-------+------+

and after overwriting:
                                     head
                                      |
                                      V
    +---+------+----------+-------+---+--+
    |..E|D....D|C........C|B.....B|A..|E.|
    +---+------+----------+-------+---+--+

In each situation, 'head' points to the beginning of the newest record.
From this record, tooling can iterate over the full ring buffer and fetch
records one by one.

The only limitation that needs to be considered is back-to-back reading.
Due to the non-deterministic of user programs, it is impossible to ensure
the ring buffer keeps stable during reading. Consider an extreme situation:
tooling is scheduled out after reading record 'D', then a burst of events
come, eat up the whole ring buffer (one or multiple rounds). When the
tooling process comes back, reading after 'D' is incorrect now.

To prevent this problem, we need to find a way to ensure the ring buffer
is stable during reading. ioctl(PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT) is
suggested because its overhead is lower than
ioctl(PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE).

By carefully verifying 'header' pointer, reader can avoid pausing the
ring-buffer. For example:

    /* A union of all possible events */
    union perf_event event;

    p = head = perf_mmap__read_head();
    while (true) {
        /* copy header of next event */
        fetch(&event.header, p, sizeof(event.header));

        /* read 'head' pointer */
        head = perf_mmap__read_head();

        /* check overwritten: is the header good? */
        if (!verify(sizeof(event.header), p, head))
            break;

        /* copy the whole event */
        fetch(&event, p, event.header.size);

        /* read 'head' pointer again */
        head = perf_mmap__read_head();

        /* is the whole event good? */
        if (!verify(event.header.size, p, head))
            break;
        p += event.header.size;
    }

However, the overhead is high because:

 a) In-place decoding is not safe.
    Copying-verifying-decoding is required.
 b) Fetching 'head' pointer requires additional synchronization.

(From Alexei Starovoitov:

Even when this trick works, pause is needed for more than stability of
reading. When we collect the events into overwrite buffer we're waiting
for some other trigger (like all cpu utilization spike or just one cpu
running and all others are idle) and when it happens the buffer has
valuable info from the past. At this point new events are no longer
interesting and buffer should be paused, events read and unpaused until
next trigger comes.)

This patch utilizes event's default overflow_handler introduced
previously. perf_event_output_backward() is created as the default
overflow handler for backward ring buffers. To avoid extra overhead to
fast path, original perf_event_output() becomes __perf_event_output()
and marked '__always_inline'. In theory, there's no extra overhead
introduced to fast path.

Performance testing:

Calling 3000000 times of 'close(-1)', use gettimeofday() to check
duration.  Use 'perf record -o /dev/null -e raw_syscalls:*' to capture
system calls. In ns.

Testing environment:

  CPU    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790 CPU @ 3.60GHz
  Kernel : v4.5.0
                    MEAN         STDVAR
 BASE            800214.950    2853.083
 PRE1           2253846.700    9997.014
 PRE2           2257495.540    8516.293
 POST           2250896.100    8933.921

Where 'BASE' is pure performance without capturing. 'PRE1' is test
result of pure 'v4.5.0' kernel. 'PRE2' is test result before this
patch. 'POST' is test result after this patch. See [4] for the detailed
experimental setup.

Considering the stdvar, this patch doesn't introduce performance
overhead to the fast path.

 [1] http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1304.1/04584.html
 [2] http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1307.1/00535.html
 [3] http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1512.0/01265.html
 [4] http://lkml.kernel.org/g/56F89DCD.1040202@huawei.comSigned-off-by: NWang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: <pi3orama@163.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1459865478-53413-1-git-send-email-wangnan0@huawei.com
[ Fixed the changelog some more. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Add new ioctl() to pause/resume ring-buffer output.

In some situations we want to read from the ring-buffer only when we
ensure nothing can write to the ring-buffer during reading. Without
this patch we have to turn off all events attached to this ring-buffer
to achieve this.

This patch is a prerequisite to enable overwrite support for the
perf ring-buffer support. Following commits will introduce new methods
support reading from overwrite ring buffer. Before reading, caller
must ensure the ring buffer is frozen, or the reading is unreliable.
Signed-off-by: NWang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: <pi3orama@163.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1459147292-239310-2-git-send-email-wangnan0@huawei.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

With LBRv5 reading the extra LBR flags like mispredict, TSX, cycles is
not free anymore, as it has moved to a separate MSR.

For callstack mode we don't need any of this information; so we can
avoid the unnecessary MSR read. Add flags to the perf interface where
perf record can request not collecting this information.

Add branch_sample_type flags for CYCLES and FLAGS. It's a bit unusual
for branch_sample_types to be negative (disable), not positive (enable),
but since the legacy ABI reported the flags we need some form of
explicit disabling to avoid breaking the ABI.

After we have the flags the x86 perf code can keep track if any users
need the flags. If noone needs it the information is not collected.

This cuts down the cost of LBR callstack on Skylake significantly.
Profiling a kernel build with LBR call stack the average run time of
the PMI handler drops by 43%.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: acme@kernel.org
Cc: jolsa@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1445366797-30894-2-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

This helper is used to send raw data from eBPF program into
special PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE/PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT perf_event.
User space needs to perf_event_open() it (either for one or all cpus) and
store FD into perf_event_array (similar to bpf_perf_event_read() helper)
before eBPF program can send data into it.

Today the programs triggered by kprobe collect the data and either store
it into the maps or print it via bpf_trace_printk() where latter is the debug
facility and not suitable to stream the data. This new helper replaces
such bpf_trace_printk() usage and allows programs to have dedicated
channel into user space for post-processing of the raw data collected.
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Add a new branch sample type to cover only call branches (function calls).
The current ANY_CALL included direct, indirect calls and far jumps.

We want to be able to differentiate indirect from direct calls. Therefore
we introduce PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL. The implementation is up to each
architecture.
Signed-off-by: NStephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1444720151-10275-2-git-send-email-eranian@google.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Commit:

  b20112ed ("perf/x86: Improve accuracy of perf/sched clock")

allowed the time_shift value in perf_event_mmap_page to be as much
as 32.  Unfortunately the documented algorithms for using time_shift
have it shifting an integer, whereas to work correctly with the value
32, the type must be u64.

In the case of perf tools, Intel PT decodes correctly but the timestamps
that are output (for example by perf script) have lost 32-bits of
granularity so they look like they are not changing at all.

Fix by limiting the shift to 31 and adjusting the multiplier accordingly.

Also update the documentation of perf_event_mmap_page so that new code
based on it will be more future-proof.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Fixes: b20112ed ("perf/x86: Improve accuracy of perf/sched clock")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1445001845-13688-2-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Intel Skylake supports reporting the time in cycles a branch in the LBR
took, to give a rough indication of the basic block performance.

Export the cycle information in the branch_info structure.
This can be done by just reusing some currently zero padding.

This is just the generic header change. The architecture
still needs to fill it in.

There's no attempt to convert to real time, as we really
want cycles here.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: eranian@google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1431285767-27027-5-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

There are already two events for context switches, namely the tracepoint
sched:sched_switch and the software event context_switches.
Unfortunately neither are suitable for use by non-privileged users for
the purpose of synchronizing hardware trace data (e.g. Intel PT) to the
context switch.

Tracepoints are no good at all for non-privileged users because they
need either CAP_SYS_ADMIN or /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid <= -1.

On the other hand, kernel software events need either CAP_SYS_ADMIN or
/proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid <= 1.

Now many distributions do default perf_event_paranoid to 1 making
context_switches a contender, except it has another problem (which is
also shared with sched:sched_switch) which is that it happens before
perf schedules events out instead of after perf schedules events in.
Whereas a privileged user can see all the events anyway, a
non-privileged user only sees events for their own processes, in other
words they see when their process was scheduled out not when it was
scheduled in. That presents two problems to use the event:

1. the information comes too late, so tools have to look ahead in the
   event stream to find out what the current state is

2. if they are unlucky tracing might have stopped before the
   context-switches event is recorded.

This new PERF_RECORD_SWITCH event does not have those problems
and it also has a couple of other small advantages.

It is easier to use because it is an auxiliary event (like mmap, comm
and task events) which can be enabled by setting a single bit. It is
smaller than sched:sched_switch and easier to parse.

To make the event useful for privileged users also, if the
context is cpu-wide then the event record will be
PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE which is the same as
PERF_RECORD_SWITCH except it also provides the next or
previous pid/tid.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Cc: Pawel Moll <pawel.moll@arm.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1437471846-26995-2-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

System wide sampling like 'perf top' or 'perf record -a' read all
threads /proc/xxx/maps before sampling. If there are any threads which
generating a keeping growing huge maps, perf will do infinite loop
during synthesizing. Nothing will be sampled.

This patch fixes this issue by adding per-thread timeout to force stop
this kind of endless proc map processing.

PERF_RECORD_MISC_PROC_MAP_PARSE_TIME_OUT is introduced to indicate that
the mmap record are truncated by time out. User will get warning
notification when truncated mmap records are detected.
Reported-by: NYing Huang <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NKan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ying Huang <ying.huang@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1434549071-25611-1-git-send-email-kan.liang@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

After enlarging the PEBS interrupt threshold, there may be some mixed up
PEBS samples which are discarded by the kernel.

This patch makes the kernel emit a PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES record with
the number of possible discarded records when it is impossible to demux
the samples.

It makes sure the user is not left in the dark about such discards.
Signed-off-by: NKan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: acme@infradead.org
Cc: eranian@google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1431285195-14269-8-git-send-email-kan.liang@intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

This patch adds a new branch_sample_type flag to enable
filtering branch sampling to indirect jumps. The support
is subject to hardware or kernel software support on each
architecture.

Filtering on indirect jump is useful to study the targets
of the jump.
Signed-off-by: NStephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: acme@redhat.com
Cc: dsahern@gmail.com
Cc: jolsa@redhat.com
Cc: kan.liang@intel.com
Cc: namhyung@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1431637800-31061-2-git-send-email-eranian@google.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

For counters that generate AUX data that is bound to the context of a
running task, such as instruction tracing, the decoder needs to know
exactly which task is running when the event is first scheduled in,
before the first sched_switch. The decoder's need to know this stems
from the fact that instruction flow trace decoding will almost always
require program's object code in order to reconstruct said flow and
for that we need at least its pid/tid in the perf stream.

To single out such instruction tracing pmus, this patch introduces
ITRACE PMU capability. The reason this is not part of RECORD_AUX
record is that not all pmus capable of generating AUX data need this,
and the opposite is *probably* also true.

While sched_switch covers for most cases, there are two problems with it:
the consumer will need to process events out of order (that is, having
found RECORD_AUX, it will have to skip forward to the nearest sched_switch
to figure out which task it was, then go back to the actual trace to
decode it) and it completely misses the case when the tracing is enabled
and disabled before sched_switch, for example, via PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kaixu Xia <kaixu.xia@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: acme@infradead.org
Cc: adrian.hunter@intel.com
Cc: kan.liang@intel.com
Cc: markus.t.metzger@intel.com
Cc: mathieu.poirier@linaro.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421237903-181015-15-git-send-email-alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

When AUX area gets a certain amount of new data, we want to wake up
userspace to collect it. This adds a new control to specify how much
data will cause a wakeup. This is then passed down to pmu drivers via
output handle's "wakeup" field, so that the driver can find the nearest
point where it can generate an interrupt.

We repurpose __reserved_2 in the event attribute for this, even though
it was never checked to be zero before, aux_watermark will only matter
for new AUX-aware code, so the old code should still be fine.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kaixu Xia <kaixu.xia@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: acme@infradead.org
Cc: adrian.hunter@intel.com
Cc: kan.liang@intel.com
Cc: markus.t.metzger@intel.com
Cc: mathieu.poirier@linaro.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421237903-181015-10-git-send-email-alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

This adds support for overwrite mode in the AUX area, which means "keep
collecting data till you're stopped", turning AUX area into a circular
buffer, where new data overwrites old data. It does not depend on data
buffer's overwrite mode, so that it doesn't lose sideband data that is
instrumental for processing AUX data.

Overwrite mode is enabled at mapping AUX area read only. Even though
aux_tail in the buffer's user page might be user writable, it will be
ignored in this mode.

A PERF_RECORD_AUX with PERF_AUX_FLAG_OVERWRITE set is written to the perf
data stream every time an event writes new data to the AUX area. The pmu
driver might not be able to infer the exact beginning of the new data in
each snapshot, some drivers will only provide the tail, which is
aux_offset + aux_size in the AUX record. Consumer has to be able to tell
the new data from the old one, for example, by means of time stamps if
such are provided in the trace.

Consumer is also responsible for disabling any events that might write
to the AUX area (thus potentially racing with the consumer) before
collecting the data.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kaixu Xia <kaixu.xia@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: acme@infradead.org
Cc: adrian.hunter@intel.com
Cc: kan.liang@intel.com
Cc: markus.t.metzger@intel.com
Cc: mathieu.poirier@linaro.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421237903-181015-9-git-send-email-alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

When there's new data in the AUX space, output a record indicating its
offset and size and a set of flags, such as PERF_AUX_FLAG_TRUNCATED, to
mean the described data was truncated to fit in the ring buffer.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kaixu Xia <kaixu.xia@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: adrian.hunter@intel.com
Cc: kan.liang@intel.com
Cc: markus.t.metzger@intel.com
Cc: mathieu.poirier@linaro.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421237903-181015-7-git-send-email-alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

This patch introduces "AUX space" in the perf mmap buffer, intended for
exporting high bandwidth data streams to userspace, such as instruction
flow traces.

AUX space is a ring buffer, defined by aux_{offset,size} fields in the
user_page structure, and read/write pointers aux_{head,tail}, which abide
by the same rules as data_* counterparts of the main perf buffer.

In order to allocate/mmap AUX, userspace needs to set up aux_offset to
such an offset that will be greater than data_offset+data_size and
aux_size to be the desired buffer size. Both need to be page aligned.
Then, same aux_offset and aux_size should be passed to mmap() call and
if everything adds up, you should have an AUX buffer as a result.

Pages that are mapped into this buffer also come out of user's mlock
rlimit plus perf_event_mlock_kb allowance.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kaixu Xia <kaixu.xia@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: acme@infradead.org
Cc: adrian.hunter@intel.com
Cc: kan.liang@intel.com
Cc: markus.t.metzger@intel.com
Cc: mathieu.poirier@linaro.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421237903-181015-3-git-send-email-alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Currently, the actual perf ring buffer is one page into the mmap area,
following the user page and the userspace follows this convention. This
patch adds data_{offset,size} fields to user_page that can be used by
userspace instead for locating perf data in the mmap area. This is also
helpful when mapping existing or shared buffers if their size is not
known in advance.

Right now, it is made to follow the existing convention that

	data_offset == PAGE_SIZE and
	data_offset + data_size == mmap_size.
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kaixu Xia <kaixu.xia@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: acme@infradead.org
Cc: adrian.hunter@intel.com
Cc: kan.liang@intel.com
Cc: markus.t.metzger@intel.com
Cc: mathieu.poirier@linaro.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421237903-181015-2-git-send-email-alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

BPF programs, attached to kprobes, provide a safe way to execute
user-defined BPF byte-code programs without being able to crash or
hang the kernel in any way. The BPF engine makes sure that such
programs have a finite execution time and that they cannot break
out of their sandbox.

The user interface is to attach to a kprobe via the perf syscall:

	struct perf_event_attr attr = {
		.type	= PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT,
		.config	= event_id,
		...
	};

	event_fd = perf_event_open(&attr,...);
	ioctl(event_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd);

'prog_fd' is a file descriptor associated with BPF program
previously loaded.

'event_id' is an ID of the kprobe created.

Closing 'event_fd':

	close(event_fd);

... automatically detaches BPF program from it.

BPF programs can call in-kernel helper functions to:

  - lookup/update/delete elements in maps

  - probe_read - wraper of probe_kernel_read() used to access any
    kernel data structures

BPF programs receive 'struct pt_regs *' as an input ('struct pt_regs' is
architecture dependent) and return 0 to ignore the event and 1 to store
kprobe event into the ring buffer.

Note, kprobes are a fundamentally _not_ a stable kernel ABI,
so BPF programs attached to kprobes must be recompiled for
every kernel version and user must supply correct LINUX_VERSION_CODE
in attr.kern_version during bpf_prog_load() call.
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Reviewed-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-4-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

While thinking on the whole clock discussion it occurred to me we have
two distinct uses of time:

 1) the tracking of event/ctx/cgroup enabled/running/stopped times
    which includes the self-monitoring support in struct
    perf_event_mmap_page.

 2) the actual timestamps visible in the data records.

And we've been conflating them.

The first is all about tracking time deltas, nobody should really care
in what time base that happens, its all relative information, as long
as its internally consistent it works.

The second however is what people are worried about when having to
merge their data with external sources. And here we have the
discussion on MONOTONIC vs MONOTONIC_RAW etc..

Where MONOTONIC is good for correlating between machines (static
offset), MONOTNIC_RAW is required for correlating against a fixed rate
hardware clock.

This means configurability; now 1) makes that hard because it needs to
be internally consistent across groups of unrelated events; which is
why we had to have a global perf_clock().

However, for 2) it doesn't really matter, perf itself doesn't care
what it writes into the buffer.

The below patch makes the distinction between these two cases by
adding perf_event_clock() which is used for the second case. It
further makes this configurable on a per-event basis, but adds a few
sanity checks such that we cannot combine events with different clocks
in confusing ways.

And since we then have per-event configurability we might as well
retain the 'legacy' behaviour as a default.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

The only reason CQM had to use a hard-coded pmu type was so it could use
cqm_target in hw_perf_event.

Do away with the {tp,bp,cqm}_target pointers and provide a non type
specific one.

This allows us to do away with that silly pmu type as well.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vince@deater.net>
Cc: acme@kernel.org
Cc: acme@redhat.com
Cc: hpa@zytor.com
Cc: jolsa@redhat.com
Cc: kanaka.d.juvva@intel.com
Cc: matt.fleming@intel.com
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Cc: vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150305211019.GU21418@twins.programming.kicks-ass.netSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Add support for task events as well as system-wide events. This change
has a big impact on the way that we gather LLC occupancy values in
intel_cqm_event_read().

Currently, for system-wide (per-cpu) events we defer processing to
userspace which knows how to discard all but one cpu result per package.

Things aren't so simple for task events because we need to do the value
aggregation ourselves. To do this, we defer updating the LLC occupancy
value in event->count from intel_cqm_event_read() and do an SMP
cross-call to read values for all packages in intel_cqm_event_count().
We need to ensure that we only do this for one task event per cache
group, otherwise we'll report duplicate values.

If we're a system-wide event we want to fallback to the default
perf_event_count() implementation. Refactor this into a common function
so that we don't duplicate the code.

Also, introduce PERF_TYPE_INTEL_CQM, since we need a way to track an
event's task (if the event isn't per-cpu) inside of the Intel CQM PMU
driver.  This task information is only availble in the upper layers of
the perf infrastructure.

Other perf backends stash the target task in event->hw.*target so we
need to do something similar. The task is used to determine whether
events should share a cache group and an RMID.
Signed-off-by: NMatt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Kanaka Juvva <kanaka.d.juvva@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vikas Shivappa <vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1422038748-21397-8-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.ukSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

With LBR call stack feature enable, there are three callchain options.
Enable the 3rd callchain option (LBR callstack) to user space tooling.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141105093759.GQ10501@worktop.programming.kicks-ass.netSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

The index of lbr_sel_map is bit value of perf branch_sample_type.
PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_MAX is 1024 at present, so each lbr_sel_map uses
4096 bytes. By using bit shift as index, we can reduce lbr_sel_map
size to 40 bytes. This patch defines 'bit shift' for branch types,
and use 'bit shift' to define lbr_sel_maps.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zheng.z.yan@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NKan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: NStephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Cc: jolsa@redhat.com
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415156173-10035-2-git-send-email-kan.liang@intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Enable capture of interrupted machine state for each sample.

Registers to sample are passed per event in the sample_regs_intr bitmask.

To sample interrupt machine state, the PERF_SAMPLE_INTR_REGS must be passed in
sample_type.

The list of available registers is arch dependent and provided by asm/perf_regs.h

Registers are laid out as u64 in the order of the bit order of sample_intr_regs.

This patch also adds a new ABI version PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER4 because we extend
the perf_event_attr struct with a new u64 field.
Reviewed-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NStephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: cebbert.lkml@gmail.com
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1411559322-16548-2-git-send-email-eranian@google.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>