The shrinker map management is not purely memcg specific, it is at the
intersection between memory cgroup and shrinkers.  It's allocation and
assignment of a structure, and the only memcg bit is the map is being
stored in a memcg structure.  So move the shrinker_maps handling code
into vmscan.c for tighter integration with shrinker code, and remove the
"memcg_" prefix.  There is no functional change.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-3-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NYang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NKirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There is only one user of __memcg_kmem_charge(), so manually inline
__memcg_kmem_charge() to obj_cgroup_charge_pages().  Similarly manually
inline __memcg_kmem_uncharge() into obj_cgroup_uncharge_pages() and call
obj_cgroup_uncharge_pages() in obj_cgroup_release().

This is just code cleanup without any functionality changes.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319163821.20704-7-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Xiongchun Duan <duanxiongchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since Roman's series "The new cgroup slab memory controller" applied.
All slab objects are charged via the new APIs of obj_cgroup.  The new
APIs introduce a struct obj_cgroup to charge slab objects.  It prevents
long-living objects from pinning the original memory cgroup in the
memory.  But there are still some corner objects (e.g.  allocations
larger than order-1 page on SLUB) which are not charged via the new
APIs.  Those objects (include the pages which are allocated from buddy
allocator directly) are charged as kmem pages which still hold a
reference to the memory cgroup.

We want to reuse the obj_cgroup APIs to charge the kmem pages.  If we do
that, we should store an object cgroup pointer to page->memcg_data for
the kmem pages.

Finally, page->memcg_data will have 3 different meanings.

  1) For the slab pages, page->memcg_data points to an object cgroups
     vector.

  2) For the kmem pages (exclude the slab pages), page->memcg_data
     points to an object cgroup.

  3) For the user pages (e.g. the LRU pages), page->memcg_data points
     to a memory cgroup.

We do not change the behavior of page_memcg() and page_memcg_rcu().  They
are also suitable for LRU pages and kmem pages.  Why?

Because memory allocations pinning memcgs for a long time - it exists at a
larger scale and is causing recurring problems in the real world: page
cache doesn't get reclaimed for a long time, or is used by the second,
third, fourth, ...  instance of the same job that was restarted into a new
cgroup every time.  Unreclaimable dying cgroups pile up, waste memory, and
make page reclaim very inefficient.

We can convert LRU pages and most other raw memcg pins to the objcg
direction to fix this problem, and then the page->memcg will always point
to an object cgroup pointer.  At that time, LRU pages and kmem pages will
be treated the same.  The implementation of page_memcg() will remove the
kmem page check.

This patch aims to charge the kmem pages by using the new APIs of
obj_cgroup.  Finally, the page->memcg_data of the kmem page points to an
object cgroup.  We can use the __page_objcg() to get the object cgroup
associated with a kmem page.  Or we can use page_memcg() to get the memory
cgroup associated with a kmem page, but caller must ensure that the
returned memcg won't be released (e.g.  acquire the rcu_read_lock or
css_set_lock).

  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210401030141.37061-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319163821.20704-6-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NMiaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Xiongchun Duan <duanxiongchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
[songmuchun@bytedance.com: fix forget to obtain the ref to objcg in split_page_memcg]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Just like assignment to ug->memcg, we only need to update ug->dummy_page
if memcg changed.  So move it to there.  This is a very small
optimization.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319163821.20704-5-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Xiongchun Duan <duanxiongchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We know that the unit of slab object charging is bytes, the unit of kmem
page charging is PAGE_SIZE.  If we want to reuse obj_cgroup APIs to
charge the kmem pages, we should pass PAGE_SIZE (as third parameter) to
obj_cgroup_charge().  Because the size is already PAGE_SIZE, we can skip
touch the objcg stock.  And obj_cgroup_{un}charge_pages() are introduced
to charge in units of page level.

In the latter patch, we also can reuse those two helpers to charge or
uncharge a number of kernel pages to a object cgroup.  This is just a
code movement without any functional changes.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319163821.20704-3-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Xiongchun Duan <duanxiongchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "Use obj_cgroup APIs to charge kmem pages", v5.

Since Roman's series "The new cgroup slab memory controller" applied.
All slab objects are charged with the new APIs of obj_cgroup.  The new
APIs introduce a struct obj_cgroup to charge slab objects.  It prevents
long-living objects from pinning the original memory cgroup in the
memory.  But there are still some corner objects (e.g.  allocations
larger than order-1 page on SLUB) which are not charged with the new
APIs.  Those objects (include the pages which are allocated from buddy
allocator directly) are charged as kmem pages which still hold a
reference to the memory cgroup.

E.g.  We know that the kernel stack is charged as kmem pages because the
size of the kernel stack can be greater than 2 pages (e.g.  16KB on
x86_64 or arm64).  If we create a thread (suppose the thread stack is
charged to memory cgroup A) and then move it from memory cgroup A to
memory cgroup B.  Because the kernel stack of the thread hold a
reference to the memory cgroup A.  The thread can pin the memory cgroup
A in the memory even if we remove the cgroup A.  If we want to see this
scenario by using the following script.  We can see that the system has
added 500 dying cgroups (This is not a real world issue, just a script
to show that the large kmallocs are charged as kmem pages which can pin
the memory cgroup in the memory).

	#!/bin/bash

	cat /proc/cgroups | grep memory

	cd /sys/fs/cgroup/memory
	echo 1 > memory.move_charge_at_immigrate

	for i in range{1..500}
	do
		mkdir kmem_test
		echo $$ > kmem_test/cgroup.procs
		sleep 3600 &
		echo $$ > cgroup.procs
		echo `cat kmem_test/cgroup.procs` > cgroup.procs
		rmdir kmem_test
	done

	cat /proc/cgroups | grep memory

This patchset aims to make those kmem pages to drop the reference to
memory cgroup by using the APIs of obj_cgroup.  Finally, we can see that
the number of the dying cgroups will not increase if we run the above test
script.

This patch (of 7):

The rcu_read_lock/unlock only can guarantee that the memcg will not be
freed, but it cannot guarantee the success of css_get (which is in the
refill_stock when cached memcg changed) to memcg.

  rcu_read_lock()
  memcg = obj_cgroup_memcg(old)
  __memcg_kmem_uncharge(memcg)
      refill_stock(memcg)
          if (stock->cached != memcg)
              // css_get can change the ref counter from 0 back to 1.
              css_get(&memcg->css)
  rcu_read_unlock()

This fix is very like the commit:

  eefbfa7f ("mm: memcg/slab: fix use after free in obj_cgroup_charge")

Fix this by holding a reference to the memcg which is passed to the
__memcg_kmem_uncharge() before calling __memcg_kmem_uncharge().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319163821.20704-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319163821.20704-2-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: 3de7d4f2 ("mm: memcg/slab: optimize objcg stock draining")
Signed-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Xiongchun Duan <duanxiongchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently the kernel adds the page, allocated for swapin, to the
swapcache before charging the page.  This is fine but now we want a
per-memcg swapcache stat which is essential for folks who wants to
transparently migrate from cgroup v1's memsw to cgroup v2's memory and
swap counters.  In addition charging a page before exposing it to other
parts of the kernel is a step in the right direction.

To correctly maintain the per-memcg swapcache stat, this patch has
adopted to charge the page before adding it to swapcache.  One challenge
in this option is the failure case of add_to_swap_cache() on which we
need to undo the mem_cgroup_charge().  Specifically undoing
mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap() is not simple.

To resolve the issue, this patch decouples the charging for swapin pages
from mem_cgroup_charge().  Two new functions are introduced,
mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_page() for just charging the swapin page and
mem_cgroup_swapin_uncharge_swap() for uncharging the swap slot once the
page has been successfully added to the swapcache.

[shakeelb@google.com: set page->private before calling swap_readpage]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210318015959.2986837-1-shakeelb@google.com

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210305212639.775498-1-shakeelb@google.comSigned-off-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Tested-by: NHeiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There are two functions to flush the per-cpu data of an lruvec into the
rest of the cgroup tree: when the cgroup is being freed, and when a CPU
disappears during hotplug.  The difference is whether all CPUs or just
one is being collected, but the rest of the flushing code is the same.
Merge them into one function and share the common code.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210209163304.77088-8-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Replace the memory controller's custom hierarchical stats code with the
generic rstat infrastructure provided by the cgroup core.

The current implementation does batched upward propagation from the
write side (i.e.  as stats change).  The per-cpu batches introduce an
error, which is multiplied by the number of subgroups in a tree.  In
systems with many CPUs and sizable cgroup trees, the error can be large
enough to confuse users (e.g.  32 batch pages * 32 CPUs * 32 subgroups
results in an error of up to 128M per stat item).  This can entirely
swallow allocation bursts inside a workload that the user is expecting
to see reflected in the statistics.

In the past, we've done read-side aggregation, where a memory.stat read
would have to walk the entire subtree and add up per-cpu counts.  This
became problematic with lazily-freed cgroups: we could have large
subtrees where most cgroups were entirely idle.  Hence the switch to
change-driven upward propagation.  Unfortunately, it needed to trade
accuracy for speed due to the write side being so hot.

Rstat combines the best of both worlds: from the write side, it cheaply
maintains a queue of cgroups that have pending changes, so that the read
side can do selective tree aggregation.  This way the reported stats
will always be precise and recent as can be, while the aggregation can
skip over potentially large numbers of idle cgroups.

The way rstat works is that it implements a tree for tracking cgroups
with pending local changes, as well as a flush function that walks the
tree upwards.  The controller then drives this by 1) telling rstat when
a local cgroup stat changes (e.g.  mod_memcg_state) and 2) when a flush
is required to get uptodate hierarchy stats for a given subtree (e.g.
when memory.stat is read).  The controller also provides a flush
callback that is called during the rstat flush walk for each cgroup and
aggregates its local per-cpu counters and propagates them upwards.

This adds a second vmstats to struct mem_cgroup (MEMCG_NR_STAT +
NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS) to track pending subtree deltas during upward
aggregation.  It removes 3 words from the per-cpu data.  It eliminates
memcg_exact_page_state(), since memcg_page_state() is now exact.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: merge fix]
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix a sleep in atomic section problem]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210315234100.64307-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210209163304.77088-7-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Acked-by: NBalbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There are no users outside of the memory controller itself. The rest
of the kernel cares either about node or lruvec stats.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210209163304.77088-4-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

No need to encapsulate a simple struct member access.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210209163304.77088-3-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "mm: memcontrol: switch to rstat", v3.

This series converts memcg stats tracking to the streamlined rstat
infrastructure provided by the cgroup core code.  rstat is already used by
the CPU controller and the IO controller.  This change is motivated by
recent accuracy problems in memcg's custom stats code, as well as the
benefits of sharing common infra with other controllers.

The current memcg implementation does batched tree aggregation on the
write side: local stat changes are cached in per-cpu counters, which are
then propagated upward in batches when a threshold (32 pages) is exceeded.
This is cheap, but the error introduced by the lazy upward propagation
adds up: 32 pages times CPUs times cgroups in the subtree.  We've had
complaints from service owners that the stats do not reliably track and
react to allocation behavior as expected, sometimes swallowing the results
of entire test applications.

The original memcg stat implementation used to do tree aggregation
exclusively on the read side: local stats would only ever be tracked in
per-cpu counters, and a memory.stat read would iterate the entire subtree
and sum those counters up.  This didn't keep up with the times:

 - Cgroup trees are much bigger now. We switched to lazily-freed
   cgroups, where deleted groups would hang around until their remaining
   page cache has been reclaimed. This can result in large subtrees that
   are expensive to walk, while most of the groups are idle and their
   statistics don't change much anymore.

 - Automated monitoring increased. With the proliferation of userspace
   oom killing, proactive reclaim, and higher-resolution logging of
   workload trends in general, top-level stat files are polled at least
   once a second in many deployments.

 - The lifetime of cgroups got shorter. Where most cgroup setups in the
   past would have a few large policy-oriented cgroups for everything
   running on the system, newer cgroup deployments tend to create one
   group per application - which gets deleted again as the processes
   exit. An aggregation scheme that doesn't retain child data inside the
   parents loses event history of the subtree.

Rstat addresses all three of those concerns through intelligent,
persistent read-side aggregation.  As statistics change at the local
level, rstat tracks - on a per-cpu basis - only those parts of a subtree
that have changes pending and require aggregation.  The actual
aggregation occurs on the colder read side - which can now skip over
(potentially large) numbers of recently idle cgroups.

===

The test_kmem cgroup selftest is currently failing due to excessive
cumulative vmstat drift from 100 subgroups:

    ok 1 test_kmem_basic
    memory.current = 8810496
    slab + anon + file + kernel_stack = 17074568
    slab = 6101384
    anon = 946176
    file = 0
    kernel_stack = 10027008
    not ok 2 test_kmem_memcg_deletion
    ok 3 test_kmem_proc_kpagecgroup
    ok 4 test_kmem_kernel_stacks
    ok 5 test_kmem_dead_cgroups
    ok 6 test_percpu_basic

As you can see, memory.stat items far exceed memory.current.  The kernel
stack alone is bigger than all of charged memory.  That's because the
memory of the test has been uncharged from memory.current, but the
negative vmstat deltas are still sitting in the percpu caches.

The test at this time isn't even counting percpu, pagetables etc.  yet,
which would further contribute to the error.  The last patch in the series
updates the test to include them - as well as reduces the vmstat
tolerances in general to only expect page_counter batching.

With all patches applied, the (now more stringent) test succeeds:

    ok 1 test_kmem_basic
    ok 2 test_kmem_memcg_deletion
    ok 3 test_kmem_proc_kpagecgroup
    ok 4 test_kmem_kernel_stacks
    ok 5 test_kmem_dead_cgroups
    ok 6 test_percpu_basic

===

A kernel build test confirms that overhead is comparable.  Two kernels are
built simultaneously in a nested tree with several idle siblings:

root - kernelbuild - one - two - three - four - build-a (defconfig, make -j16)
                                             `- build-b (defconfig, make -j16)
                                             `- idle-1
                                             `- ...
                                             `- idle-9

During the builds, kernelbuild/memory.stat is read once a second.

A perf diff shows that the changes in cycle distribution is
minimal. Top 10 kernel symbols:

     0.09%     +0.08%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] __mod_memcg_lruvec_state
     0.00%     +0.06%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] cgroup_rstat_updated
     0.08%     -0.05%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] __mod_memcg_state.part.0
     0.16%     -0.04%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] release_pages
     0.00%     +0.03%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] __count_memcg_events
     0.01%     +0.03%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] mem_cgroup_charge_statistics.constprop.0
     0.10%     -0.02%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] get_mem_cgroup_from_mm
     0.05%     -0.02%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] mem_cgroup_update_lru_size
     0.57%     +0.01%  [kernel.kallsyms]                       [k] asm_exc_page_fault

===

The on-demand aggregated stats are now fully accurate:

$ grep -e nr_inactive_file /proc/vmstat | awk '{print($1,$2*4096)}'; \
  grep -e inactive_file /sys/fs/cgroup/memory.stat

vanilla:                              patched:
nr_inactive_file 1574105088           nr_inactive_file 1027801088
   inactive_file 1577410560              inactive_file 1027801088

===

This patch (of 8):

The memcg hotunplug callback erroneously flushes counts on the local CPU,
not the counts of the CPU going away; those counts will be lost.

Flush the CPU that is actually going away.

Also simplify the code a bit by using mod_memcg_state() and
count_memcg_events() instead of open-coding the upward flush - this is
comparable to how vmstat.c handles hotunplug flushing.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210209163304.77088-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210209163304.77088-2-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Fixes: a983b5eb ("mm: memcontrol: fix excessive complexity in memory.stat reporting")
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In the era of async memcg oom-killer, the commit a0d8b00a ("mm: memcg:
do not declare OOM from __GFP_NOFAIL allocations") added the code to skip
memcg oom-killer for __GFP_NOFAIL allocations.  The reason was that the
__GFP_NOFAIL callers will not enter aync oom synchronization path and will
keep the task marked as in memcg oom.  At that time the tasks marked in
memcg oom can bypass the memcg limits and the oom synchronization would
have happened later in the later userspace triggered page fault.  Thus
letting the task marked as under memcg oom bypass the memcg limit for
arbitrary time.

With the synchronous memcg oom-killer (commit 29ef680a ("memcg, oom:
move out_of_memory back to the charge path")) and not letting the task
marked under memcg oom to bypass the memcg limits (commit 1f14c1ac
("mm: memcg: do not allow task about to OOM kill to bypass the limit")),
we can again allow __GFP_NOFAIL allocations to trigger memcg oom-kill.
This will make memcg oom behavior closer to page allocator oom behavior.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210223204337.2785120-1-shakeelb@google.comSigned-off-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Replace the implicit checking of root memcg with explicit root memcg
checking i.e.  !css->parent with mem_cgroup_is_root().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210223205625.2792891-1-shakeelb@google.comSigned-off-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Page writeback doesn't hold a page reference, which allows truncate to
free a page the second PageWriteback is cleared.  This used to require
special attention in test_clear_page_writeback(), where we had to be
careful not to rely on the unstable page->memcg binding and look up all
the necessary information before clearing the writeback flag.

Since commit 073861ed ("mm: fix VM_BUG_ON(PageTail) and
BUG_ON(PageWriteback)") test_clear_page_writeback() is called with an
explicit reference on the page, and this dance is no longer needed.

Use unlock_page_memcg() and dec_lruvec_page_state() directly.

This removes the last user of the lock_page_memcg() return value, change
it to void.  Touch up the comments in there as well.  This also removes
the last extern user of __unlock_page_memcg(), make it static.  Further,
it removes the last user of dec_lruvec_state(), delete it, along with a
few other unused helpers.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YCQbYAWg4nvBFL6h@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Rename mem_cgroup_split_huge_fixup to split_page_memcg and explicitly pass
in page number argument.

In this way, the interface name is more common and can be used by
potential users.  In addition, the complete info(memcg and flag) of the
memcg needs to be set to the tail pages.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210304074053.65527-2-zhouguanghui1@huawei.comSigned-off-by: NZhou Guanghui <zhouguanghui1@huawei.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NZi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Tianhong Ding <dingtianhong@huawei.com>
Cc: Weilong Chen <chenweilong@huawei.com>
Cc: Rui Xiang <rui.xiang@huawei.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We use a global percpu int_active_memcg variable to store the remote memcg
when we are in the interrupt context.  But get_active_memcg always return
the current->active_memcg or root_mem_cgroup.  The remote memcg (set in
the interrupt context) is ignored.  This is not what we want.  So fix it.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210223091101.42150-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: 37d5985c ("mm: kmem: prepare remote memcg charging infra for interrupt contexts")
Signed-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When pages are swapped in, the VM may retain the swap copy to avoid
repeated writes in the future.  It's also retained if shared pages are
faulted back in some processes, but not in others.  During that time we
have an in-memory copy of the page, as well as an on-swap copy.  Cgroup1
and cgroup2 handle these overlapping lifetimes slightly differently due to
the nature of how they account memory and swap:

Cgroup1 has a unified memory+swap counter that tracks a data page
regardless whether it's in-core or swapped out.  On swapin, we transfer
the charge from the swap entry to the newly allocated swapcache page, even
though the swap entry might stick around for a while.  That's why we have
a mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap() call inside mem_cgroup_charge().

Cgroup2 tracks memory and swap as separate, independent resources and thus
has split memory and swap counters.  On swapin, we charge the newly
allocated swapcache page as memory, while the swap slot in turn must
remain charged to the swap counter as long as its allocated too.

The cgroup2 logic was broken by commit 2d1c4980 ("mm: memcontrol: make
swap tracking an integral part of memory control"), because it
accidentally removed the do_memsw_account() check in the branch inside
mem_cgroup_uncharge() that was supposed to tell the difference between the
charge transfer in cgroup1 and the separate counters in cgroup2.

As a result, cgroup2 currently undercounts retained swap to varying
degrees: swap slots are cached up to 50% of the configured limit or total
available swap space; partially faulted back shared pages are only limited
by physical capacity.  This in turn allows cgroups to significantly
overconsume their alloted swap space.

Add the do_memsw_account() check back to fix this problem.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210217153237.92484-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: 2d1c4980 ("mm: memcontrol: make swap tracking an integral part of memory control")
Signed-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[5.8+]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

alloc_page_buffers() currently uses get_mem_cgroup_from_page() for
charging the buffers to the page owner, which does an rcu-protected
page->memcg lookup and acquires a reference.  But buffer allocation has
the page lock held throughout, which pins the page to the memcg and
thereby the memcg - neither rcu nor holding an extra reference during the
allocation are necessary.  Use a raw page_memcg() instead.

This was the last user of get_mem_cgroup_from_page(), delete it.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210209190126.97842-1-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The rule of list walk has gone since commit a9d5adee
("mm/memcontrol: allow to uncharge page without using page->lru field")

So remove the strange comment and replace the loop with a
list_for_each_entry().

There is only one caller of the uncharge_list().  So just fold it into
mem_cgroup_uncharge_list() and remove it.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210204163055.56080-1-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NMiaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix below warnings reported by coccicheck:

  mm/memcontrol.c:451:3-9: WARNING: NULL check before some freeing functions is not needed.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1611216029-34397-1-git-send-email-abaci-bugfix@linux.alibaba.comSigned-off-by: NYang Li <abaci-bugfix@linux.alibaba.com>
Reported-by: NAbaci Robot <abaci@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

I've noticed that __memcg_kmem_charge() and __memcg_kmem_uncharge() are
not used anywhere except memcontrol.c.  Yet they are not declared as
non-static and are declared in memcontrol.h.

This patch makes them static.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210108020332.4096911-1-guro@fb.comSigned-off-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch adds swapcache stat for the cgroup v2.  The swapcache
represents the memory that is accounted against both the memory and the
swap limit of the cgroup.  The main motivation behind exposing the
swapcache stat is for enabling users to gracefully migrate from cgroup
v1's memsw counter to cgroup v2's memory and swap counters.

Cgroup v1's memsw limit allows users to limit the memory+swap usage of a
workload but without control on the exact proportion of memory and swap.
Cgroup v2 provides separate limits for memory and swap which enables more
control on the exact usage of memory and swap individually for the
workload.

With some little subtleties, the v1's memsw limit can be switched with the
sum of the v2's memory and swap limits.  However the alternative for memsw
usage is not yet available in cgroup v2.  Exposing per-cgroup swapcache
stat enables that alternative.  Adding the memory usage and swap usage and
subtracting the swapcache will approximate the memsw usage.  This will
help in the transparent migration of the workloads depending on memsw
usage and limit to v2' memory and swap counters.

The reasons these applications are still interested in this approximate
memsw usage are: (1) these applications are not really interested in two
separate memory and swap usage metrics.  A single usage metric is more
simple to use and reason about for them.

(2) The memsw usage metric hides the underlying system's swap setup from
the applications.  Applications with multiple instances running in a
datacenter with heterogeneous systems (some have swap and some don't) will
keep seeing a consistent view of their usage.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_SWAP=n build]

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210108155813.2914586-3-shakeelb@google.comSigned-off-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

lock_page_lruvec() and its variants used rcu_read_lock() with the
intention of safeguarding against the mem_cgroup being destroyed
concurrently; but so long as they are called under the specified
conditions (as they are), there is no way for the page's mem_cgroup to be
destroyed.  Delete the unnecessary rcu_read_lock() and _unlock().

Hugh Dickins polished the commit log.  Thanks a lot!

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1608614453-10739-2-git-send-email-alex.shi@linux.alibaba.comSigned-off-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

lock_page_lruvec() and its variants are safe to use under the same
conditions as commit_charge(): add lock_page_memcg() to the comment.

Polished with Hugh Dickins' suggestions, thanks!

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1608614453-10739-1-git-send-email-alex.shi@linux.alibaba.comSigned-off-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Although the ratio of the slab is one, we also should read the ratio from
the related memory_stats instead of hard-coding.  And the local variable
of size is already the value of slab_unreclaimable.  So we do not need to
read again.

To do this we need some code like below:

if (unlikely(memory_stats[i].idx == NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B)) {
-	size = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B) +
-	       memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B);
+       VM_BUG_ON(i < 1);
+       VM_BUG_ON(memory_stats[i - 1].idx != NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B);
+	size += memcg_page_state(memcg, memory_stats[i - 1].idx) *
+		memory_stats[i - 1].ratio;

It requires a series of VM_BUG_ONs or comments to ensure these two items
are actually adjacent and in the right order.  So it would probably be
easier to implement this using a wrapper that has a big switch() for unit
conversion.

More details about this discussion can refer to:

    https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/1348611/

This would fix the ratio inconsistency and get rid of the order
guarantee.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201228164110.2838-8-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@cloud.ionos.com>
Cc: Rafael. J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently we use struct per_cpu_nodestat to cache the vmstat counters,
which leads to inaccurate statistics especially THP vmstat counters.  In
the systems with hundreds of processors it can be GBs of memory.  For
example, for a 96 CPUs system, the threshold is the maximum number of 125.
And the per cpu counters can cache 23.4375 GB in total.

The THP page is already a form of batched addition (it will add 512 worth
of memory in one go) so skipping the batching seems like sensible.
Although every THP stats update overflows the per-cpu counter, resorting
to atomic global updates.  But it can make the statistics more accuracy
for the THP vmstat counters.

So we convert the NR_SHMEM_THPS account to pages.  This patch is
consistent with 8f182270 ("mm/swap.c: flush lru pvecs on compound page
arrival").  Doing this also can make the unit of vmstat counters more
unified.  Finally, the unit of the vmstat counters are pages, kB and
bytes.  The B/KB suffix can tell us that the unit is bytes or kB.  The
rest which is without suffix are pages.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201228164110.2838-5-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@cloud.ionos.com>
Cc: Rafael. J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently we use struct per_cpu_nodestat to cache the vmstat counters,
which leads to inaccurate statistics especially THP vmstat counters.  In
the systems with if hundreds of processors it can be GBs of memory.  For
example, for a 96 CPUs system, the threshold is the maximum number of 125.
And the per cpu counters can cache 23.4375 GB in total.

The THP page is already a form of batched addition (it will add 512 worth
of memory in one go) so skipping the batching seems like sensible.
Although every THP stats update overflows the per-cpu counter, resorting
to atomic global updates.  But it can make the statistics more accuracy
for the THP vmstat counters.

So we convert the NR_FILE_THPS account to pages.  This patch is consistent
with 8f182270 ("mm/swap.c: flush lru pvecs on compound page arrival").
Doing this also can make the unit of vmstat counters more unified.
Finally, the unit of the vmstat counters are pages, kB and bytes.  The
B/KB suffix can tell us that the unit is bytes or kB.  The rest which is
without suffix are pages.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201228164110.2838-4-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@cloud.ionos.com>
Cc: Rafael. J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently we use struct per_cpu_nodestat to cache the vmstat counters,
which leads to inaccurate statistics especially THP vmstat counters.  In
the systems with hundreds of processors it can be GBs of memory.  For
example, for a 96 CPUs system, the threshold is the maximum number of 125.
And the per cpu counters can cache 23.4375 GB in total.

The THP page is already a form of batched addition (it will add 512 worth
of memory in one go) so skipping the batching seems like sensible.
Although every THP stats update overflows the per-cpu counter, resorting
to atomic global updates.  But it can make the statistics more accuracy
for the THP vmstat counters.

So we convert the NR_ANON_THPS account to pages.  This patch is consistent
with 8f182270 ("mm/swap.c: flush lru pvecs on compound page arrival").
Doing this also can make the unit of vmstat counters more unified.
Finally, the unit of the vmstat counters are pages, kB and bytes.  The
B/KB suffix can tell us that the unit is bytes or kB.  The rest which is
without suffix are pages.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201228164110.2838-3-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Rafael. J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@cloud.ionos.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "Convert all THP vmstat counters to pages", v6.

This patch series is aimed to convert all THP vmstat counters to pages.

The unit of some vmstat counters are pages, some are bytes, some are
HPAGE_PMD_NR, and some are KiB. When we want to expose these vmstat
counters to the userspace, we have to know the unit of the vmstat counters
is which one. When the unit is bytes or kB, both clearly distinguishable
by the B/KB suffix. But for the THP vmstat counters, we may make mistakes.

For example, the below is some bug fix for the THP vmstat counters:

  - 7de2e9f1 ("mm: memcontrol: correct the NR_ANON_THPS counter of hierarchical memcg")
  - The first commit in this series ("fix NR_ANON_THPS accounting in charge moving")

This patch series can make the code clear. And make all the unit of the THP
vmstat counters in pages. Finally, the unit of the vmstat counters are
pages, kB and bytes. The B/KB suffix can tell us that the unit is bytes
or kB. The rest which is without suffix are pages.

In this series, I changed the following vmstat counters unit from HPAGE_PMD_NR
to pages. However, there is no change to the print format of output to user
space.

  - NR_ANON_THPS
  - NR_FILE_THPS
  - NR_SHMEM_THPS
  - NR_SHMEM_PMDMAPPED
  - NR_FILE_PMDMAPPED

Doing this also can make the statistics more accuracy for the THP vmstat
counters. This series is consistent with 8f182270 ("mm/swap.c: flush lru
pvecs on compound page arrival").

Because we use struct per_cpu_nodestat to cache the vmstat counters, which
leads to inaccurate statistics especially THP vmstat counters. In the systems
with hundreds of processors it can be GBs of memory. For example, for a 96
CPUs system, the threshold is the maximum number of 125. And the per cpu
counters can cache 23.4375 GB in total.

The THP page is already a form of batched addition (it will add 512 worth of
memory in one go) so skipping the batching seems like sensible. Although every
THP stats update overflows the per-cpu counter, resorting to atomic global
updates. But it can make the statistics more accuracy for the THP vmstat
counters. From this point of view, I think that do this converting is
reasonable.

Thanks Hugh for mentioning this. This was inspired by Johannes and Roman.
Thanks to them.

This patch (of 7):

The unit of NR_ANON_THPS is HPAGE_PMD_NR already.  So it should inc/dec by
one rather than nr_pages.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201228164110.2838-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201228164110.2838-2-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: 468c3982 ("mm: memcontrol: switch to native NR_ANON_THPS counter")
Signed-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NPankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@cloud.ionos.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Rafael. J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The vmstat threshold is 32 (MEMCG_CHARGE_BATCH), Actually the threshold
can be as big as MEMCG_CHARGE_BATCH * PAGE_SIZE.  It still fits into s32.
So introduce struct batched_lruvec_stat to optimize memory usage.

The size of struct lruvec_stat is 304 bytes on 64 bit systems.  As it is a
per-cpu structure.  So with this patch, we can save 304 / 2 * ncpu bytes
per-memcg per-node where ncpu is the number of the possible CPU.  If there
are c memory cgroup (include dying cgroup) and n NUMA node in the system.
Finally, we can save (152 * ncpu * c * n) bytes.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment]

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201210042121.39665-1-songmuchun@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: NMuchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In general it's unknown in advance if a slab page will contain accounted
objects or not.  In order to avoid memory waste, an obj_cgroup vector is
allocated dynamically when a need to account of a new object arises.  Such
approach is memory efficient, but requires an expensive cmpxchg() to set
up the memcg/objcgs pointer, because an allocation can race with a
different allocation on another cpu.

But in some common cases it's known for sure that a slab page will contain
accounted objects: if the page belongs to a slab cache with a SLAB_ACCOUNT
flag set.  It includes such popular objects like vm_area_struct, anon_vma,
task_struct, etc.

In such cases we can pre-allocate the objcgs vector and simple assign it
to the page without any atomic operations, because at this early stage the
page is not visible to anyone else.

A very simplistic benchmark (allocating 10000000 64-bytes objects in a
row) shows ~15% win.  In the real life it seems that most workloads are
not very sensitive to the speed of (accounted) slab allocations.

[guro@fb.com: open-code set_page_objcgs() and add some comments, by Johannes]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201113001926.GA2934489@carbon.dhcp.thefacebook.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix it for mm-slub-call-account_slab_page-after-slab-page-initialization-fix.patch]

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201110195753.530157-2-guro@fb.comSigned-off-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This reverts commit 536d3bf2, as it can
cause writers to memory.high to get stuck in the kernel forever,
performing page reclaim and consuming excessive amounts of CPU cycles.

Before the patch, a write to memory.high would first put the new limit
in place for the workload, and then reclaim the requested delta.  After
the patch, the kernel tries to reclaim the delta before putting the new
limit into place, in order to not overwhelm the workload with a sudden,
large excess over the limit.  However, if reclaim is actively racing
with new allocations from the uncurbed workload, it can keep the write()
working inside the kernel indefinitely.

This is causing problems in Facebook production.  A privileged
system-level daemon that adjusts memory.high for various workloads
running on a host can get unexpectedly stuck in the kernel and
essentially turn into a sort of involuntary kswapd for one of the
workloads.  We've observed that daemon busy-spin in a write() for
minutes at a time, neglecting its other duties on the system, and
expending privileged system resources on behalf of a workload.

To remedy this, we have first considered changing the reclaim logic to
break out after a couple of loops - whether the workload has converged
to the new limit or not - and bound the write() call this way.  However,
the root cause that inspired the sequence change in the first place has
been fixed through other means, and so a revert back to the proven
limit-setting sequence, also used by memory.max, is preferable.

The sequence was changed to avoid extreme latencies in the workload when
the limit was lowered: the sudden, large excess created by the limit
lowering would erroneously trigger the penalty sleeping code that is
meant to throttle excessive growth from below.  Allocating threads could
end up sleeping long after the write() had already reclaimed the delta
for which they were being punished.

However, erroneous throttling also caused problems in other scenarios at
around the same time.  This resulted in commit b3ff9291 ("mm, memcg:
reclaim more aggressively before high allocator throttling"), included
in the same release as the offending commit.  When allocating threads
now encounter large excess caused by a racing write() to memory.high,
instead of entering punitive sleeps, they will simply be tasked with
helping reclaim down the excess, and will be held no longer than it
takes to accomplish that.  This is in line with regular limit
enforcement - i.e.  if the workload allocates up against or over an
otherwise unchanged limit from below.

With the patch breaking userspace, and the root cause addressed by other
means already, revert it again.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210122184341.292461-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Fixes: 536d3bf2 ("mm: memcontrol: avoid workload stalls when lowering memory.high")
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NChris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[5.8+]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Imran Khan reported a 16% regression in hackbench results caused by the
commit f2fe7b09 ("mm: memcg/slab: charge individual slab objects
instead of pages").  The regression is noticeable in the case of a
consequent allocation of several relatively large slab objects, e.g.
skb's.  As soon as the amount of stocked bytes exceeds PAGE_SIZE,
drain_obj_stock() and __memcg_kmem_uncharge() are called, and it leads
to a number of atomic operations in page_counter_uncharge().

The corresponding call graph is below (provided by Imran Khan):

  |__alloc_skb
  |    |
  |    |__kmalloc_reserve.isra.61
  |    |    |
  |    |    |__kmalloc_node_track_caller
  |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |slab_pre_alloc_hook.constprop.88
  |    |    |     obj_cgroup_charge
  |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |    |__memcg_kmem_charge
  |    |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |    |    |page_counter_try_charge
  |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |    |refill_obj_stock
  |    |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |    |    |drain_obj_stock.isra.68
  |    |    |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |    |    |    |__memcg_kmem_uncharge
  |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |page_counter_uncharge
  |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |page_counter_cancel
  |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |__slab_alloc
  |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |    |___slab_alloc
  |    |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |slab_post_alloc_hook

Instead of directly uncharging the accounted kernel memory, it's
possible to refill the generic page-sized per-cpu stock instead.  It's a
much faster operation, especially on a default hierarchy.  As a bonus,
__memcg_kmem_uncharge_page() will also get faster, so the freeing of
page-sized kernel allocations (e.g.  large kmallocs) will become faster.

A similar change has been done earlier for the socket memory by the
commit 475d0487 ("mm: memcontrol: use per-cpu stocks for socket
memory uncharging").

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210106042239.2860107-1-guro@fb.com
Fixes: f2fe7b09 ("mm: memcg/slab: charge individual slab objects instead of pages")
Signed-off-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reported-by: NImran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com>
Tested-by: NImran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Koutn <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add two simple helpers to check permissions on a file and path
respectively and convert over some callers. It simplifies quite a few
codepaths and also reduces the churn in later patches quite a bit.
Christoph also correctly points out that this makes codepaths (e.g.
ioctls) way easier to follow that would otherwise have to do more
complex argument passing than necessary.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-4-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Suggested-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: NJames Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>

mem_cgroup_page_lruvec() in memcontrol.c and mem_cgroup_lruvec() in
memcontrol.h is very similar except for the param(page and memcg) which
also can be convert to each other.

So rewrite mem_cgroup_page_lruvec() with mem_cgroup_lruvec().

[alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com: add missed warning in mem_cgroup_lruvec]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/94f17bb7-ec61-5b72-3555-fabeb5a4d73b@linux.alibaba.com
[lstoakes@gmail.com: warn on missing memcg on mem_cgroup_page_lruvec()]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201125112202.387009-1-lstoakes@gmail.com

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201108143731.GA74138@rlkSigned-off-by: Hui Su <sh_def@163.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: NLorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NShakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE() macro.

Since readahead page is charged on memcg too, in theory we don't have to
check this exception now.  Before safely remove them all, add a warning
for the unexpected !memcg.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1604283436-18880-3-git-send-email-alex.shi@linux.alibaba.comSigned-off-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "bail out early for memcg disable".

These 2 patches are indepenedent from per memcg lru lock, and may
encounter unexpected warning, so let's move out them from per memcg
lru locking patchset.

This patch (of 2):

We could bail out early when memcg wasn't enabled.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1604283436-18880-1-git-send-email-alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1604283436-18880-2-git-send-email-alex.shi@linux.alibaba.comSigned-off-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: NRoman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch moves per node lru_lock into lruvec, thus bring a lru_lock for
each of memcg per node.  So on a large machine, each of memcg don't have
to suffer from per node pgdat->lru_lock competition.  They could go fast
with their self lru_lock.

After move memcg charge before lru inserting, page isolation could
serialize page's memcg, then per memcg lruvec lock is stable and could
replace per node lru lock.

In isolate_migratepages_block(), compact_unlock_should_abort and
lock_page_lruvec_irqsave are open coded to work with compact_control.
Also add a debug func in locking which may give some clues if there are
sth out of hands.

Daniel Jordan's testing show 62% improvement on modified readtwice case on
his 2P * 10 core * 2 HT broadwell box.
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200915165807.kpp7uhiw7l3loofu@ca-dmjordan1.us.oracle.com/

Hugh Dickins helped on the patch polish, thanks!

[alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com: fix comment typo]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/5b085715-292a-4b43-50b3-d73dc90d1de5@linux.alibaba.com
[alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com: use page_memcg()]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/5a4c2b72-7ee8-2478-fc0e-85eb83aafec4@linux.alibaba.com

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1604566549-62481-18-git-send-email-alex.shi@linux.alibaba.comSigned-off-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rong Chen <rong.a.chen@intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: Alexander Duyck <alexander.duyck@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mika Penttilä <mika.penttila@nextfour.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add a debug checking in lock_page_memcg, then we could get alarm if
anything wrong here.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1604566549-62481-9-git-send-email-alex.shi@linux.alibaba.comSuggested-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Duyck <alexander.duyck@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: "Chen, Rong A" <rong.a.chen@intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mika Penttilä <mika.penttila@nextfour.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>