Merge branch kvm-arm64/vmid-allocator into kvmarm-master/next

* kvm-arm64/vmid-allocator:
  : .
  : VMID allocation rewrite from Shameerali Kolothum Thodi, paving the
  : way for pinned VMIDs and SVA.
  : .
  KVM: arm64: Make active_vmids invalid on vCPU schedule out
  KVM: arm64: Align the VMID allocation with the arm64 ASID
  KVM: arm64: Make VMID bits accessible outside of allocator
  KVM: arm64: Introduce a new VMID allocator for KVM
Signed-off-by: NMarc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>

arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h

@@ -73,9 +73,7 @@ int kvm_reset_vcpu(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 void kvm_arm_vcpu_destroy(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 
 struct kvm_vmid {
-	/* The VMID generation used for the virt. memory system */
-	u64    vmid_gen;
-	u32    vmid;
+	atomic64_t id;
 };
 
 struct kvm_s2_mmu {
@@ -695,6 +693,12 @@ int kvm_arm_pvtime_get_attr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 int kvm_arm_pvtime_has_attr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 			    struct kvm_device_attr *attr);
 
+extern unsigned int kvm_arm_vmid_bits;
+int kvm_arm_vmid_alloc_init(void);
+void kvm_arm_vmid_alloc_free(void);
+void kvm_arm_vmid_update(struct kvm_vmid *kvm_vmid);
+void kvm_arm_vmid_clear_active(void);
+
 static inline void kvm_arm_pvtime_vcpu_init(struct kvm_vcpu_arch *vcpu_arch)
 {
 	vcpu_arch->steal.base = GPA_INVALID;

arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_mmu.h

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ alternative_cb_end
 #include <asm/cache.h>
 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
+#include <asm/kvm_host.h>
 
 void kvm_update_va_mask(struct alt_instr *alt,
 			__le32 *origptr, __le32 *updptr, int nr_inst);
@@ -266,7 +267,8 @@ static __always_inline u64 kvm_get_vttbr(struct kvm_s2_mmu *mmu)
 	u64 cnp = system_supports_cnp() ? VTTBR_CNP_BIT : 0;
 
 	baddr = mmu->pgd_phys;
-	vmid_field = (u64)READ_ONCE(vmid->vmid) << VTTBR_VMID_SHIFT;
+	vmid_field = atomic64_read(&vmid->id) << VTTBR_VMID_SHIFT;
+	vmid_field &= VTTBR_VMID_MASK(kvm_arm_vmid_bits);
 	return kvm_phys_to_vttbr(baddr) | vmid_field | cnp;
 }
 

arch/arm64/kernel/image-vars.h

@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ KVM_NVHE_ALIAS(__hyp_stub_vectors);
 /* Kernel symbol used by icache_is_vpipt(). */
 KVM_NVHE_ALIAS(__icache_flags);
 
+/* VMID bits set by the KVM VMID allocator */
+KVM_NVHE_ALIAS(kvm_arm_vmid_bits);
+
 /* Kernel symbols needed for cpus_have_final/const_caps checks. */
 KVM_NVHE_ALIAS(arm64_const_caps_ready);
 KVM_NVHE_ALIAS(cpu_hwcap_keys);

arch/arm64/kvm/Makefile

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ kvm-y += arm.o mmu.o mmio.o psci.o hypercalls.o pvtime.o \
 	 inject_fault.o va_layout.o handle_exit.o \
 	 guest.o debug.o reset.o sys_regs.o \
 	 vgic-sys-reg-v3.o fpsimd.o pmu.o pkvm.o \
-	 arch_timer.o trng.o\
+	 arch_timer.o trng.o vmid.o \
 	 vgic/vgic.o vgic/vgic-init.o \
 	 vgic/vgic-irqfd.o vgic/vgic-v2.o \
 	 vgic/vgic-v3.o vgic/vgic-v4.o \

arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c

@@ -53,11 +53,6 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, kvm_arm_hyp_stack_page);
 unsigned long kvm_arm_hyp_percpu_base[NR_CPUS];
 DECLARE_KVM_NVHE_PER_CPU(struct kvm_nvhe_init_params, kvm_init_params);
 
-/* The VMID used in the VTTBR */
-static atomic64_t kvm_vmid_gen = ATOMIC64_INIT(1);
-static u32 kvm_next_vmid;
-static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(kvm_vmid_lock);
-
 static bool vgic_present;
 
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned char, kvm_arm_hardware_enabled);
@@ -422,6 +417,7 @@ void kvm_arch_vcpu_put(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	kvm_timer_vcpu_put(vcpu);
 	kvm_vgic_put(vcpu);
 	kvm_vcpu_pmu_restore_host(vcpu);
+	kvm_arm_vmid_clear_active();
 
 	vcpu->cpu = -1;
 }
@@ -489,87 +485,6 @@ unsigned long kvm_arch_vcpu_get_ip(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 }
 #endif
 
-/* Just ensure a guest exit from a particular CPU */
-static void exit_vm_noop(void *info)
-{
-}
-
-void force_vm_exit(const cpumask_t *mask)
-{
-	preempt_disable();
-	smp_call_function_many(mask, exit_vm_noop, NULL, true);
-	preempt_enable();
-}
-
-/**
- * need_new_vmid_gen - check that the VMID is still valid
- * @vmid: The VMID to check
- *
- * return true if there is a new generation of VMIDs being used
- *
- * The hardware supports a limited set of values with the value zero reserved
- * for the host, so we check if an assigned value belongs to a previous
- * generation, which requires us to assign a new value. If we're the first to
- * use a VMID for the new generation, we must flush necessary caches and TLBs
- * on all CPUs.
- */
-static bool need_new_vmid_gen(struct kvm_vmid *vmid)
-{
-	u64 current_vmid_gen = atomic64_read(&kvm_vmid_gen);
-	smp_rmb(); /* Orders read of kvm_vmid_gen and kvm->arch.vmid */
-	return unlikely(READ_ONCE(vmid->vmid_gen) != current_vmid_gen);
-}
-
-/**
- * update_vmid - Update the vmid with a valid VMID for the current generation
- * @vmid: The stage-2 VMID information struct
- */
-static void update_vmid(struct kvm_vmid *vmid)
-{
-	if (!need_new_vmid_gen(vmid))
-		return;
-
-	spin_lock(&kvm_vmid_lock);
-
-	/*
-	 * We need to re-check the vmid_gen here to ensure that if another vcpu
-	 * already allocated a valid vmid for this vm, then this vcpu should
-	 * use the same vmid.
-	 */
-	if (!need_new_vmid_gen(vmid)) {
-		spin_unlock(&kvm_vmid_lock);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/* First user of a new VMID generation? */
-	if (unlikely(kvm_next_vmid == 0)) {
-		atomic64_inc(&kvm_vmid_gen);
-		kvm_next_vmid = 1;
-
-		/*
-		 * On SMP we know no other CPUs can use this CPU's or each
-		 * other's VMID after force_vm_exit returns since the
-		 * kvm_vmid_lock blocks them from reentry to the guest.
-		 */
-		force_vm_exit(cpu_all_mask);
-		/*
-		 * Now broadcast TLB + ICACHE invalidation over the inner
-		 * shareable domain to make sure all data structures are
-		 * clean.
-		 */
-		kvm_call_hyp(__kvm_flush_vm_context);
-	}
-
-	WRITE_ONCE(vmid->vmid, kvm_next_vmid);
-	kvm_next_vmid++;
-	kvm_next_vmid &= (1 << kvm_get_vmid_bits()) - 1;
-
-	smp_wmb();
-	WRITE_ONCE(vmid->vmid_gen, atomic64_read(&kvm_vmid_gen));
-
-	spin_unlock(&kvm_vmid_lock);
-}
-
 static int kvm_vcpu_initialized(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
 	return vcpu->arch.target >= 0;
@@ -793,7 +708,6 @@ static bool kvm_vcpu_exit_request(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int *ret)
 	}
 
 	return kvm_request_pending(vcpu) ||
-			need_new_vmid_gen(&vcpu->arch.hw_mmu->vmid) ||
 			xfer_to_guest_mode_work_pending();
 }
 
@@ -855,8 +769,6 @@ int kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		if (!ret)
 			ret = 1;
 
-		update_vmid(&vcpu->arch.hw_mmu->vmid);
-
 		check_vcpu_requests(vcpu);
 
 		/*
@@ -866,6 +778,15 @@ int kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		 */
 		preempt_disable();
 
+		/*
+		 * The VMID allocator only tracks active VMIDs per
+		 * physical CPU, and therefore the VMID allocated may not be
+		 * preserved on VMID roll-over if the task was preempted,
+		 * making a thread's VMID inactive. So we need to call
+		 * kvm_arm_vmid_update() in non-premptible context.
+		 */
+		kvm_arm_vmid_update(&vcpu->arch.hw_mmu->vmid);
+
 		kvm_pmu_flush_hwstate(vcpu);
 
 		local_irq_disable();
@@ -2161,6 +2082,12 @@ int kvm_arch_init(void *opaque)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
+	err = kvm_arm_vmid_alloc_init();
+	if (err) {
+		kvm_err("Failed to initialize VMID allocator.\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
 	if (!in_hyp_mode) {
 		err = init_hyp_mode();
 		if (err)
@@ -2200,6 +2127,7 @@ int kvm_arch_init(void *opaque)
 	if (!in_hyp_mode)
 		teardown_hyp_mode();
 out_err:
+	kvm_arm_vmid_alloc_free();
 	return err;
 }
 

arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/mem_protect.c

@@ -138,8 +138,7 @@ int kvm_host_prepare_stage2(void *pgt_pool_base)
 
 	mmu->pgd_phys = __hyp_pa(host_kvm.pgt.pgd);
 	mmu->pgt = &host_kvm.pgt;
-	WRITE_ONCE(mmu->vmid.vmid_gen, 0);
-	WRITE_ONCE(mmu->vmid.vmid, 0);
+	atomic64_set(&mmu->vmid.id, 0);
 
 	return 0;
 }

arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c

@@ -653,7 +653,6 @@ int kvm_init_stage2_mmu(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_s2_mmu *mmu)
 
 	mmu->pgt = pgt;
 	mmu->pgd_phys = __pa(pgt->pgd);
-	WRITE_ONCE(mmu->vmid.vmid_gen, 0);
 	return 0;
 
 out_destroy_pgtable:

arch/arm64/kvm/vmid.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * VMID allocator.
+ *
+ * Based on Arm64 ASID allocator algorithm.
+ * Please refer arch/arm64/mm/context.c for detailed
+ * comments on algorithm.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2002-2003 Deep Blue Solutions Ltd, all rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/bitfield.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+
+#include <asm/kvm_asm.h>
+#include <asm/kvm_mmu.h>
+
+unsigned int kvm_arm_vmid_bits;
+static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(cpu_vmid_lock);
+
+static atomic64_t vmid_generation;
+static unsigned long *vmid_map;
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(atomic64_t, active_vmids);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, reserved_vmids);
+
+#define VMID_MASK		(~GENMASK(kvm_arm_vmid_bits - 1, 0))
+#define VMID_FIRST_VERSION	(1UL << kvm_arm_vmid_bits)
+
+#define NUM_USER_VMIDS		VMID_FIRST_VERSION
+#define vmid2idx(vmid)		((vmid) & ~VMID_MASK)
+#define idx2vmid(idx)		vmid2idx(idx)
+
+/*
+ * As vmid #0 is always reserved, we will never allocate one
+ * as below and can be treated as invalid. This is used to
+ * set the active_vmids on vCPU schedule out.
+ */
+#define VMID_ACTIVE_INVALID		VMID_FIRST_VERSION
+
+#define vmid_gen_match(vmid) \
+	(!(((vmid) ^ atomic64_read(&vmid_generation)) >> kvm_arm_vmid_bits))
+
+static void flush_context(void)
+{
+	int cpu;
+	u64 vmid;
+
+	bitmap_clear(vmid_map, 0, NUM_USER_VMIDS);
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		vmid = atomic64_xchg_relaxed(&per_cpu(active_vmids, cpu), 0);
+
+		/* Preserve reserved VMID */
+		if (vmid == 0)
+			vmid = per_cpu(reserved_vmids, cpu);
+		__set_bit(vmid2idx(vmid), vmid_map);
+		per_cpu(reserved_vmids, cpu) = vmid;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Unlike ASID allocator, we expect less frequent rollover in
+	 * case of VMIDs. Hence, instead of marking the CPU as
+	 * flush_pending and issuing a local context invalidation on
+	 * the next context-switch, we broadcast TLB flush + I-cache
+	 * invalidation over the inner shareable domain on rollover.
+	 */
+	 kvm_call_hyp(__kvm_flush_vm_context);
+}
+
+static bool check_update_reserved_vmid(u64 vmid, u64 newvmid)
+{
+	int cpu;
+	bool hit = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Iterate over the set of reserved VMIDs looking for a match
+	 * and update to use newvmid (i.e. the same VMID in the current
+	 * generation).
+	 */
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		if (per_cpu(reserved_vmids, cpu) == vmid) {
+			hit = true;
+			per_cpu(reserved_vmids, cpu) = newvmid;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return hit;
+}
+
+static u64 new_vmid(struct kvm_vmid *kvm_vmid)
+{
+	static u32 cur_idx = 1;
+	u64 vmid = atomic64_read(&kvm_vmid->id);
+	u64 generation = atomic64_read(&vmid_generation);
+
+	if (vmid != 0) {
+		u64 newvmid = generation | (vmid & ~VMID_MASK);
+
+		if (check_update_reserved_vmid(vmid, newvmid)) {
+			atomic64_set(&kvm_vmid->id, newvmid);
+			return newvmid;
+		}
+
+		if (!__test_and_set_bit(vmid2idx(vmid), vmid_map)) {
+			atomic64_set(&kvm_vmid->id, newvmid);
+			return newvmid;
+		}
+	}
+
+	vmid = find_next_zero_bit(vmid_map, NUM_USER_VMIDS, cur_idx);
+	if (vmid != NUM_USER_VMIDS)
+		goto set_vmid;
+
+	/* We're out of VMIDs, so increment the global generation count */
+	generation = atomic64_add_return_relaxed(VMID_FIRST_VERSION,
+						 &vmid_generation);
+	flush_context();
+
+	/* We have more VMIDs than CPUs, so this will always succeed */
+	vmid = find_next_zero_bit(vmid_map, NUM_USER_VMIDS, 1);
+
+set_vmid:
+	__set_bit(vmid, vmid_map);
+	cur_idx = vmid;
+	vmid = idx2vmid(vmid) | generation;
+	atomic64_set(&kvm_vmid->id, vmid);
+	return vmid;
+}
+
+/* Called from vCPU sched out with preemption disabled */
+void kvm_arm_vmid_clear_active(void)
+{
+	atomic64_set(this_cpu_ptr(&active_vmids), VMID_ACTIVE_INVALID);
+}
+
+void kvm_arm_vmid_update(struct kvm_vmid *kvm_vmid)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	u64 vmid, old_active_vmid;
+
+	vmid = atomic64_read(&kvm_vmid->id);
+
+	/*
+	 * Please refer comments in check_and_switch_context() in
+	 * arch/arm64/mm/context.c.
+	 *
+	 * Unlike ASID allocator, we set the active_vmids to
+	 * VMID_ACTIVE_INVALID on vCPU schedule out to avoid
+	 * reserving the VMID space needlessly on rollover.
+	 * Hence explicitly check here for a "!= 0" to
+	 * handle the sync with a concurrent rollover.
+	 */
+	old_active_vmid = atomic64_read(this_cpu_ptr(&active_vmids));
+	if (old_active_vmid != 0 && vmid_gen_match(vmid) &&
+	    0 != atomic64_cmpxchg_relaxed(this_cpu_ptr(&active_vmids),
+					  old_active_vmid, vmid))
+		return;
+
+	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_vmid_lock, flags);
+
+	/* Check that our VMID belongs to the current generation. */
+	vmid = atomic64_read(&kvm_vmid->id);
+	if (!vmid_gen_match(vmid))
+		vmid = new_vmid(kvm_vmid);
+
+	atomic64_set(this_cpu_ptr(&active_vmids), vmid);
+	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_vmid_lock, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the VMID allocator
+ */
+int kvm_arm_vmid_alloc_init(void)
+{
+	kvm_arm_vmid_bits = kvm_get_vmid_bits();
+
+	/*
+	 * Expect allocation after rollover to fail if we don't have
+	 * at least one more VMID than CPUs. VMID #0 is always reserved.
+	 */
+	WARN_ON(NUM_USER_VMIDS - 1 <= num_possible_cpus());
+	atomic64_set(&vmid_generation, VMID_FIRST_VERSION);
+	vmid_map = kcalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(NUM_USER_VMIDS),
+			   sizeof(*vmid_map), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!vmid_map)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void kvm_arm_vmid_alloc_free(void)
+{
+	kfree(vmid_map);
+}