mm: sparsemem memory_present() fix

Fix memory corruption and crash on 32-bit x86 systems.

If a !PAE x86 kernel is booted on a 32-bit system with more than 4GB of
RAM, then we call memory_present() with a start/end that goes outside
the scope of MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS.

That causes this loop to happily walk over the limit of the sparse
memory section map:

    for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
                unsigned long section = pfn_to_section_nr(pfn);
                struct mem_section *ms;

                sparse_index_init(section, nid);
                set_section_nid(section, nid);

                ms = __nr_to_section(section);
                if (!ms->section_mem_map)
                        ms->section_mem_map = sparse_encode_early_nid(nid) |
			                                SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT;

'ms' will be out of bounds and we'll corrupt a small amount of memory by
encoding the node ID and writing SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT (==0x1) over it.

The corruption might happen when encoding a non-zero node ID, or due to
the SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT which is 0x1:

	mmzone.h:#define	SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT	(1UL<<0)

The fix is to sanity check anything the architecture passes to
sparsemem.

This bug seems to be rather old (as old as sparsemem support itself),
but the exact incarnation depended on random details like configs, which
made this bug more prominent in v2.6.25-to-be.

An additional enhancement might be to print a warning about ignored or
trimmed memory ranges.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Tested-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <Yinghai.Lu@sun.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/sparse.c

@@ -149,8 +149,18 @@ static inline int sparse_early_nid(struct mem_section *section)
 /* Record a memory area against a node. */
 void __init memory_present(int nid, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
 {
+	unsigned long max_arch_pfn = 1UL << (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS-PAGE_SHIFT);
 	unsigned long pfn;
 
+	/*
+	 * Sanity checks - do not allow an architecture to pass
+	 * in larger pfns than the maximum scope of sparsemem:
+	 */
+	if (start >= max_arch_pfn)
+		return;
+	if (end >= max_arch_pfn)
+		end = max_arch_pfn;
+
 	start &= PAGE_SECTION_MASK;
 	for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
 		unsigned long section = pfn_to_section_nr(pfn);