提交 6d62c5b2 编写于 作者: L Linus Torvalds

Merge tag 'docs-5.8-2' of git://git.lwn.net/linux

Pull more documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
 "A handful of late-arriving docs fixes, along with a patch changing a
  lot of HTTP links to HTTPS that had to be yanked and redone before the
  first pull"

* tag 'docs-5.8-2' of git://git.lwn.net/linux:
  docs/memory-barriers.txt/kokr: smp_mb__{before,after}_atomic(): update Documentation
  Documentation: devres: add missing entry for devm_platform_get_and_ioremap_resource()
  Replace HTTP links with HTTPS ones: documentation
  docs: it_IT: address invalid reference warnings
  doc: zh_CN: use doc reference to resolve undefined label warning
  docs: Update the location of the LF NDA program
  docs: dev-tools: coccinelle: underlines
...@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ scale down to smaller sizes and are better for letterheads or whatever ...@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ scale down to smaller sizes and are better for letterheads or whatever
you want to use it for: for the full range of logos take a look at you want to use it for: for the full range of logos take a look at
Larry's web-page: Larry's web-page:
http://www.isc.tamu.edu/~lewing/linux/ https://www.isc.tamu.edu/~lewing/linux/
...@@ -27,29 +27,29 @@ Where is documentation? ...@@ -27,29 +27,29 @@ Where is documentation?
======================= =======================
User <-> Kernel interface documentation is available at User <-> Kernel interface documentation is available at
http://tomoyo.osdn.jp/2.5/policy-specification/index.html . https://tomoyo.osdn.jp/2.5/policy-specification/index.html .
Materials we prepared for seminars and symposiums are available at Materials we prepared for seminars and symposiums are available at
http://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/?category_id=532&language_id=1 . https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/?category_id=532&language_id=1 .
Below lists are chosen from three aspects. Below lists are chosen from three aspects.
What is TOMOYO? What is TOMOYO?
TOMOYO Linux Overview TOMOYO Linux Overview
http://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lca2009-takeda.pdf https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lca2009-takeda.pdf
TOMOYO Linux: pragmatic and manageable security for Linux TOMOYO Linux: pragmatic and manageable security for Linux
http://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/freedomhectaipei-tomoyo.pdf https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/freedomhectaipei-tomoyo.pdf
TOMOYO Linux: A Practical Method to Understand and Protect Your Own Linux Box TOMOYO Linux: A Practical Method to Understand and Protect Your Own Linux Box
http://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/PacSec2007-en-no-demo.pdf https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/PacSec2007-en-no-demo.pdf
What can TOMOYO do? What can TOMOYO do?
Deep inside TOMOYO Linux Deep inside TOMOYO Linux
http://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lca2009-kumaneko.pdf https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lca2009-kumaneko.pdf
The role of "pathname based access control" in security. The role of "pathname based access control" in security.
http://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lfj2008-bof.pdf https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lfj2008-bof.pdf
History of TOMOYO? History of TOMOYO?
Realities of Mainlining Realities of Mainlining
http://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lfj2008.pdf https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lfj2008.pdf
What is future plan? What is future plan?
==================== ====================
......
...@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Where to retrieve userspace tools ...@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Where to retrieve userspace tools
================================= =================================
iasl and acpixtract are part of Intel's ACPICA project: iasl and acpixtract are part of Intel's ACPICA project:
http://acpica.org/ https://acpica.org/
and should be packaged by distributions (for example in the acpica package and should be packaged by distributions (for example in the acpica package
on SUSE). on SUSE).
......
...@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ nice if you could use them as cache... Hence bcache. ...@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ nice if you could use them as cache... Hence bcache.
Wiki and git repositories are at: Wiki and git repositories are at:
- http://bcache.evilpiepirate.org - https://bcache.evilpiepirate.org
- http://evilpiepirate.org/git/linux-bcache.git - http://evilpiepirate.org/git/linux-bcache.git
- http://evilpiepirate.org/git/bcache-tools.git - https://evilpiepirate.org/git/bcache-tools.git
It's designed around the performance characteristics of SSDs - it only allocates It's designed around the performance characteristics of SSDs - it only allocates
in erase block sized buckets, and it uses a hybrid btree/log to track cached in erase block sized buckets, and it uses a hybrid btree/log to track cached
......
...@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Specifically explore the sections titled "CHAR and MISC DRIVERS", and ...@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Specifically explore the sections titled "CHAR and MISC DRIVERS", and
to involve for character and block devices. to involve for character and block devices.
This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy
Standard (FHS). The FHS is available from http://www.pathname.com/fhs/. Standard (FHS). The FHS is available from https://www.pathname.com/fhs/.
Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga
platform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on platform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on
......
...@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ Resources ...@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ Resources
--------- ---------
.. [#f1] Almesberger, Werner; "Booting Linux: The History and the Future" .. [#f1] Almesberger, Werner; "Booting Linux: The History and the Future"
http://www.almesberger.net/cv/papers/ols2k-9.ps.gz https://www.almesberger.net/cv/papers/ols2k-9.ps.gz
.. [#f2] newlib package (experimental), with initrd example .. [#f2] newlib package (experimental), with initrd example
https://www.sourceware.org/newlib/ https://www.sourceware.org/newlib/
.. [#f3] util-linux: Miscellaneous utilities for Linux .. [#f3] util-linux: Miscellaneous utilities for Linux
......
...@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Boot time assembly of RAID arrays ...@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Boot time assembly of RAID arrays
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Tools that manage md devices can be found at Tools that manage md devices can be found at
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/ https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/
You can boot with your md device with the following kernel command You can boot with your md device with the following kernel command
......
...@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ other program after you have done the following: ...@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ other program after you have done the following:
a binary package, a source tarball or by installing from Git. Binary a binary package, a source tarball or by installing from Git. Binary
packages for several distributions can be found at: packages for several distributions can be found at:
http://www.mono-project.com/download/ https://www.mono-project.com/download/
Instructions for compiling Mono can be found at: Instructions for compiling Mono can be found at:
http://www.mono-project.com/docs/compiling-mono/linux/ https://www.mono-project.com/docs/compiling-mono/linux/
Once the Mono CLR support has been installed, just check that Once the Mono CLR support has been installed, just check that
``/usr/bin/mono`` (which could be located elsewhere, for example ``/usr/bin/mono`` (which could be located elsewhere, for example
......
...@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Tips for reporting bugs ...@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Tips for reporting bugs
If you haven't reported a bug before, please read: If you haven't reported a bug before, please read:
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html
http://www.catb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html http://www.catb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html
......
...@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Unicode practice. ...@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Unicode practice.
This range is now officially managed by the ConScript Unicode This range is now officially managed by the ConScript Unicode
Registry. The normative reference is at: Registry. The normative reference is at:
http://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/klingon.html https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/klingon.html
Klingon has an alphabet of 26 characters, a positional numeric writing Klingon has an alphabet of 26 characters, a positional numeric writing
system with 10 digits, and is written left-to-right, top-to-bottom. system with 10 digits, and is written left-to-right, top-to-bottom.
...@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ fictional and artificial scripts has been established by John Cowan ...@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ fictional and artificial scripts has been established by John Cowan
<jcowan@reutershealth.com> and Michael Everson <everson@evertype.com>. <jcowan@reutershealth.com> and Michael Everson <everson@evertype.com>.
The ConScript Unicode Registry is accessible at: The ConScript Unicode Registry is accessible at:
http://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/ https://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/
The ranges used fall at the low end of the End User Zone and can hence The ranges used fall at the low end of the End User Zone and can hence
not be normatively assigned, but it is recommended that people who not be normatively assigned, but it is recommended that people who
......
...@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ epub_exclude_files = ['search.html'] ...@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ epub_exclude_files = ['search.html']
# Grouping the document tree into PDF files. List of tuples # Grouping the document tree into PDF files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author, options). # (source start file, target name, title, author, options).
# #
# See the Sphinx chapter of http://ralsina.me/static/manual.pdf # See the Sphinx chapter of https://ralsina.me/static/manual.pdf
# #
# FIXME: Do not add the index file here; the result will be too big. Adding # FIXME: Do not add the index file here; the result will be too big. Adding
# multiple PDF files here actually tries to get the cross-referencing right # multiple PDF files here actually tries to get the cross-referencing right
......
...@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ This document covers use of the Linux rbtree implementation. For more ...@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ This document covers use of the Linux rbtree implementation. For more
information on the nature and implementation of Red Black Trees, see: information on the nature and implementation of Red Black Trees, see:
Linux Weekly News article on red-black trees Linux Weekly News article on red-black trees
http://lwn.net/Articles/184495/ https://lwn.net/Articles/184495/
Wikipedia entry on red-black trees Wikipedia entry on red-black trees
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-black_tree https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-black_tree
Linux implementation of red-black trees Linux implementation of red-black trees
--------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
......
...@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ many uses in kernel development, including the application of complex, ...@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ many uses in kernel development, including the application of complex,
tree-wide patches and detection of problematic programming patterns. tree-wide patches and detection of problematic programming patterns.
Getting Coccinelle Getting Coccinelle
------------------- ------------------
The semantic patches included in the kernel use features and options The semantic patches included in the kernel use features and options
which are provided by Coccinelle version 1.0.0-rc11 and above. which are provided by Coccinelle version 1.0.0-rc11 and above.
...@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ found at: ...@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ found at:
https://github.com/coccinelle/coccinelle/blob/master/install.txt https://github.com/coccinelle/coccinelle/blob/master/install.txt
Supplemental documentation Supplemental documentation
--------------------------- --------------------------
For supplemental documentation refer to the wiki: For supplemental documentation refer to the wiki:
...@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ To enable verbose messages set the V= variable, for example:: ...@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ To enable verbose messages set the V= variable, for example::
make coccicheck MODE=report V=1 make coccicheck MODE=report V=1
Coccinelle parallelization Coccinelle parallelization
--------------------------- --------------------------
By default, coccicheck tries to run as parallel as possible. To change By default, coccicheck tries to run as parallel as possible. To change
the parallelism, set the J= variable. For example, to run across 4 CPUs:: the parallelism, set the J= variable. For example, to run across 4 CPUs::
...@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ as an example if requiring at least Coccinelle >= 1.0.5:: ...@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ as an example if requiring at least Coccinelle >= 1.0.5::
// Requires: 1.0.5 // Requires: 1.0.5
Proposing new semantic patches Proposing new semantic patches
------------------------------- ------------------------------
New semantic patches can be proposed and submitted by kernel New semantic patches can be proposed and submitted by kernel
developers. For sake of clarity, they should be organized in the developers. For sake of clarity, they should be organized in the
......
...@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Setup ...@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Setup
- Create a virtual Linux machine for QEMU/KVM (see www.linux-kvm.org and - Create a virtual Linux machine for QEMU/KVM (see www.linux-kvm.org and
www.qemu.org for more details). For cross-development, www.qemu.org for more details). For cross-development,
http://landley.net/aboriginal/bin keeps a pool of machine images and https://landley.net/aboriginal/bin keeps a pool of machine images and
toolchains that can be helpful to start from. toolchains that can be helpful to start from.
- Build the kernel with CONFIG_GDB_SCRIPTS enabled, but leave - Build the kernel with CONFIG_GDB_SCRIPTS enabled, but leave
......
...@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ COPYRIGHT ...@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2016 by Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>. Copyright (c) 2016 by Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>.
License GPLv2: GNU GPL version 2 <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. License GPLv2: GNU GPL version 2 <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
...@@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ illustrated in the following figure:: ...@@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ illustrated in the following figure::
B. acpica / master - "master" branch of the git repository at B. acpica / master - "master" branch of the git repository at
<https://github.com/acpica/acpica.git>. <https://github.com/acpica/acpica.git>.
C. linux-pm / linux-next - "linux-next" branch of the git repository at C. linux-pm / linux-next - "linux-next" branch of the git repository at
<http://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm.git>. <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm.git>.
D. linux / master - "master" branch of the git repository at D. linux / master - "master" branch of the git repository at
<http://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git>. <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git>.
Before the linuxized ACPICA patches are sent to the Linux ACPI community Before the linuxized ACPICA patches are sent to the Linux ACPI community
for review, there is a quality assurance build test process to reduce for review, there is a quality assurance build test process to reduce
...@@ -274,6 +274,6 @@ before they become available from the ACPICA release process. ...@@ -274,6 +274,6 @@ before they become available from the ACPICA release process.
a diff file indicating the state of the current divergences:: a diff file indicating the state of the current divergences::
# git clone https://github.com/acpica/acpica # git clone https://github.com/acpica/acpica
# git clone http://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git # git clone https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
# cd acpica # cd acpica
# generate/linux/divergences.sh -s ../linux # generate/linux/divergences.sh -s ../linux
...@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ IOMAP ...@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ IOMAP
devm_platform_ioremap_resource() : calls devm_ioremap_resource() for platform device devm_platform_ioremap_resource() : calls devm_ioremap_resource() for platform device
devm_platform_ioremap_resource_wc() devm_platform_ioremap_resource_wc()
devm_platform_ioremap_resource_byname() devm_platform_ioremap_resource_byname()
devm_platform_get_and_ioremap_resource()
devm_iounmap() devm_iounmap()
pcim_iomap() pcim_iomap()
pcim_iomap_regions() : do request_region() and iomap() on multiple BARs pcim_iomap_regions() : do request_region() and iomap() on multiple BARs
......
...@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ device driver to overload a bulk endpoint so that multiple transfers can be ...@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ device driver to overload a bulk endpoint so that multiple transfers can be
queued at once. queued at once.
Streams are defined in sections 4.4.6.4 and 8.12.1.4 of the Universal Serial Bus Streams are defined in sections 4.4.6.4 and 8.12.1.4 of the Universal Serial Bus
3.0 specification at http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/ The USB Attached SCSI 3.0 specification at https://www.usb.org/developers/docs/ The USB Attached SCSI
Protocol, which uses streams to queue multiple SCSI commands, can be found on Protocol, which uses streams to queue multiple SCSI commands, can be found on
the T10 website (http://t10.org/). the T10 website (https://t10.org/).
Device-side implications Device-side implications
......
...@@ -707,12 +707,12 @@ cheerful guidance and support. ...@@ -707,12 +707,12 @@ cheerful guidance and support.
Resources Resources
========= =========
USB Home Page: http://www.usb.org USB Home Page: https://www.usb.org
linux-usb Mailing List Archives: http://marc.info/?l=linux-usb linux-usb Mailing List Archives: https://marc.info/?l=linux-usb
USB On-the-Go Basics: USB On-the-Go Basics:
http://www.maximintegrated.com/app-notes/index.mvp/id/1822 https://www.maximintegrated.com/app-notes/index.mvp/id/1822
:ref:`Writing USB Device Drivers <writing-usb-driver>` :ref:`Writing USB Device Drivers <writing-usb-driver>`
......
...@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ common path elements, the more likely they will exist in dentry cache. ...@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ common path elements, the more likely they will exist in dentry cache.
Papers and other documentation on dcache locking Papers and other documentation on dcache locking
================================================ ================================================
1. Scaling dcache with RCU (http://linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=7124). 1. Scaling dcache with RCU (https://linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=7124).
2. http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/dcache/dcache.html 2. http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/dcache/dcache.html
......
...@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The seq_file Interface ...@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The seq_file Interface
Copyright 2003 Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Copyright 2003 Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
This file is originally from the LWN.net Driver Porting series at This file is originally from the LWN.net Driver Porting series at
http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/ https://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/
There are numerous ways for a device driver (or other kernel component) to There are numerous ways for a device driver (or other kernel component) to
...@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Then concatenate the output files out1 and out2 and get the right ...@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Then concatenate the output files out1 and out2 and get the right
result. Yes, it is a thoroughly useless module, but the point is to show result. Yes, it is a thoroughly useless module, but the point is to show
how the mechanism works without getting lost in other details. (Those how the mechanism works without getting lost in other details. (Those
wanting to see the full source for this module can find it at wanting to see the full source for this module can find it at
http://lwn.net/Articles/22359/). https://lwn.net/Articles/22359/).
Deprecated create_proc_entry Deprecated create_proc_entry
============================ ============================
......
...@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ where the micro controller is connected via special GPIOs pins. ...@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ where the micro controller is connected via special GPIOs pins.
References References
---------- ----------
The C2 Interface main references are at (http://www.silabs.com) The C2 Interface main references are at (https://www.silabs.com)
Silicon Laboratories site], see: Silicon Laboratories site], see:
- AN127: FLASH Programming via the C2 Interface at - AN127: FLASH Programming via the C2 Interface at
http://www.silabs.com/Support Documents/TechnicalDocs/an127.pdf https://www.silabs.com/Support Documents/TechnicalDocs/an127.pdf
- C2 Specification at - C2 Specification at
http://www.silabs.com/pages/DownloadDoc.aspx?FILEURL=Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/an127.pdf&src=SearchResults https://www.silabs.com/pages/DownloadDoc.aspx?FILEURL=Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/an127.pdf&src=SearchResults
however it implements a two wire serial communication protocol (bit however it implements a two wire serial communication protocol (bit
banging) designed to enable in-system programming, debugging, and banging) designed to enable in-system programming, debugging, and
......
...@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ and posted this: ...@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ and posted this:
to communicate user requirements to these people is a waste of to communicate user requirements to these people is a waste of
time. They are much too "intelligent" to listen to lesser mortals. time. They are much too "intelligent" to listen to lesser mortals.
(http://lwn.net/Articles/131776/). (https://lwn.net/Articles/131776/).
The reality of the situation was different; the kernel developers were far The reality of the situation was different; the kernel developers were far
more concerned about system stability, long-term maintenance, and finding more concerned about system stability, long-term maintenance, and finding
...@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ a non-disclosure agreement. The Linux Foundation operates an NDA program ...@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ a non-disclosure agreement. The Linux Foundation operates an NDA program
designed to help with this sort of situation; more information can be found designed to help with this sort of situation; more information can be found
at: at:
http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/NDA_program https://www.linuxfoundation.org/nda/
This kind of review is often enough to avoid serious problems later on This kind of review is often enough to avoid serious problems later on
without requiring public disclosure of the project. without requiring public disclosure of the project.
...@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ long document in its own right. Instead, the focus here will be on how git ...@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ long document in its own right. Instead, the focus here will be on how git
fits into the kernel development process in particular. Developers who fits into the kernel development process in particular. Developers who
wish to come up to speed with git will find more information at: wish to come up to speed with git will find more information at:
http://git-scm.com/ https://git-scm.com/
http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html
and on various tutorials found on the web. and on various tutorials found on the web.
...@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ server with git-daemon is relatively straightforward if you have a system ...@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ server with git-daemon is relatively straightforward if you have a system
which is accessible to the Internet. Otherwise, free, public hosting sites which is accessible to the Internet. Otherwise, free, public hosting sites
(Github, for example) are starting to appear on the net. Established (Github, for example) are starting to appear on the net. Established
developers can get an account on kernel.org, but those are not easy to come developers can get an account on kernel.org, but those are not easy to come
by; see http://kernel.org/faq/ for more information. by; see https://kernel.org/faq/ for more information.
The normal git workflow involves the use of a lot of branches. Each line The normal git workflow involves the use of a lot of branches. Each line
of development can be separated into a separate "topic branch" and of development can be separated into a separate "topic branch" and
...@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ can affect your ability to get trees pulled in the future. Quoting Linus: ...@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ can affect your ability to get trees pulled in the future. Quoting Linus:
to trust things *without* then having to go and check every to trust things *without* then having to go and check every
individual change by hand. individual change by hand.
(http://lwn.net/Articles/224135/). (https://lwn.net/Articles/224135/).
To avoid this kind of situation, ensure that all patches within a given To avoid this kind of situation, ensure that all patches within a given
branch stick closely to the associated topic; a "driver fixes" branch branch stick closely to the associated topic; a "driver fixes" branch
......
...@@ -16,24 +16,24 @@ distributions runs into internal limits and fails to process the documents ...@@ -16,24 +16,24 @@ distributions runs into internal limits and fails to process the documents
properly). properly).
Various web sites discuss kernel development at all levels of detail. Your Various web sites discuss kernel development at all levels of detail. Your
author would like to humbly suggest http://lwn.net/ as a source; author would like to humbly suggest https://lwn.net/ as a source;
information on many specific kernel topics can be found via the LWN kernel information on many specific kernel topics can be found via the LWN kernel
index at: index at:
http://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/ https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/
Beyond that, a valuable resource for kernel developers is: Beyond that, a valuable resource for kernel developers is:
http://kernelnewbies.org/ https://kernelnewbies.org/
And, of course, one should not forget http://kernel.org/, the definitive And, of course, one should not forget https://kernel.org/, the definitive
location for kernel release information. location for kernel release information.
There are a number of books on kernel development: There are a number of books on kernel development:
Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition (Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition (Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro
Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman). Online at Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman). Online at
http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/. https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/.
Linux Kernel Development (Robert Love). Linux Kernel Development (Robert Love).
...@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ information to be found there. ...@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ information to be found there.
Documentation for git can be found at: Documentation for git can be found at:
http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/ https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/
http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html
Conclusion Conclusion
......
...@@ -541,9 +541,9 @@ References and Sources ...@@ -541,9 +541,9 @@ References and Sources
:manpage:`syscall(2)` man-page: :manpage:`syscall(2)` man-page:
http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/syscall.2.html#NOTES http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/syscall.2.html#NOTES
- Collated emails from Linus Torvalds discussing the problems with ``ioctl()``: - Collated emails from Linus Torvalds discussing the problems with ``ioctl()``:
http://yarchive.net/comp/linux/ioctl.html https://yarchive.net/comp/linux/ioctl.html
- "How to not invent kernel interfaces", Arnd Bergmann, - "How to not invent kernel interfaces", Arnd Bergmann,
http://www.ukuug.org/events/linux2007/2007/papers/Bergmann.pdf https://www.ukuug.org/events/linux2007/2007/papers/Bergmann.pdf
- LWN article from Michael Kerrisk on avoiding new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN: - LWN article from Michael Kerrisk on avoiding new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN:
https://lwn.net/Articles/486306/ https://lwn.net/Articles/486306/
- Recommendation from Andrew Morton that all related information for a new - Recommendation from Andrew Morton that all related information for a new
......
...@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Although interdiff may save you a step or two you are generally advised to ...@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Although interdiff may save you a step or two you are generally advised to
do the additional steps since interdiff can get things wrong in some cases. do the additional steps since interdiff can get things wrong in some cases.
Another alternative is ``ketchup``, which is a python script for automatic Another alternative is ``ketchup``, which is a python script for automatic
downloading and applying of patches (http://www.selenic.com/ketchup/). downloading and applying of patches (https://www.selenic.com/ketchup/).
Other nice tools are diffstat, which shows a summary of changes made by a Other nice tools are diffstat, which shows a summary of changes made by a
patch; lsdiff, which displays a short listing of affected files in a patch patch; lsdiff, which displays a short listing of affected files in a patch
...@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ the patch contains a given regular expression. ...@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ the patch contains a given regular expression.
Where can I download the patches? Where can I download the patches?
================================= =================================
The patches are available at http://kernel.org/ The patches are available at https://kernel.org/
Most recent patches are linked from the front page, but they also have Most recent patches are linked from the front page, but they also have
specific homes. specific homes.
......
...@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ been properly thought through. ...@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ been properly thought through.
References References
========== ==========
[1] http://lwn.net/Articles/233481/ [1] https://lwn.net/Articles/233481/
[2] http://lwn.net/Articles/233482/ [2] https://lwn.net/Articles/233482/
Credits Credits
======= =======
......
...@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ NOTES: ...@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ NOTES:
label (see **netlabel-config**\(8) helper script for details). label (see **netlabel-config**\(8) helper script for details).
5) The NetLabel SCTP peer labeling rules apply as discussed in the following 5) The NetLabel SCTP peer labeling rules apply as discussed in the following
set of posts tagged "netlabel" at: http://www.paul-moore.com/blog/t. set of posts tagged "netlabel" at: https://www.paul-moore.com/blog/t.
6) CIPSO is only supported for IPv4 addressing: ``socket(AF_INET, ...)`` 6) CIPSO is only supported for IPv4 addressing: ``socket(AF_INET, ...)``
CALIPSO is only supported for IPv6 addressing: ``socket(AF_INET6, ...)`` CALIPSO is only supported for IPv6 addressing: ``socket(AF_INET6, ...)``
......
...@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ u""" ...@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ u"""
Used tools: Used tools:
* ``dot(1)``: Graphviz (http://www.graphviz.org). If Graphviz is not * ``dot(1)``: Graphviz (https://www.graphviz.org). If Graphviz is not
available, the DOT language is inserted as literal-block. available, the DOT language is inserted as literal-block.
* SVG to PDF: To generate PDF, you need at least one of this tools: * SVG to PDF: To generate PDF, you need at least one of this tools:
...@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ u""" ...@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ u"""
* generate PDF from SVG / used by PDF (LaTeX) builder * generate PDF from SVG / used by PDF (LaTeX) builder
* generate SVG (html-builder) and PDF (latex-builder) from DOT files. * generate SVG (html-builder) and PDF (latex-builder) from DOT files.
DOT: see http://www.graphviz.org/content/dot-language DOT: see https://www.graphviz.org/content/dot-language
""" """
...@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def setupTools(app): ...@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def setupTools(app):
kernellog.verbose(app, "use dot(1) from: " + dot_cmd) kernellog.verbose(app, "use dot(1) from: " + dot_cmd)
else: else:
kernellog.warn(app, "dot(1) not found, for better output quality install " kernellog.warn(app, "dot(1) not found, for better output quality install "
"graphviz from http://www.graphviz.org") "graphviz from https://www.graphviz.org")
if convert_cmd: if convert_cmd:
kernellog.verbose(app, "use convert(1) from: " + convert_cmd) kernellog.verbose(app, "use convert(1) from: " + convert_cmd)
else: else:
......
...@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Solution ...@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Solution
gcc (v4.5) adds a new 'asm goto' statement that allows branching to a label: gcc (v4.5) adds a new 'asm goto' statement that allows branching to a label:
http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2009-07/msg01556.html https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2009-07/msg01556.html
Using the 'asm goto', we can create branches that are either taken or not taken Using the 'asm goto', we can create branches that are either taken or not taken
by default, without the need to check memory. Then, at run-time, we can patch by default, without the need to check memory. Then, at run-time, we can patch
......
...@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ MSR Trace Events ...@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ MSR Trace Events
The x86 kernel supports tracing most MSR (Model Specific Register) accesses. The x86 kernel supports tracing most MSR (Model Specific Register) accesses.
To see the definition of the MSRs on Intel systems please see the SDM To see the definition of the MSRs on Intel systems please see the SDM
at http://www.intel.com/sdm (Volume 3) at https://www.intel.com/sdm (Volume 3)
Available trace points: Available trace points:
......
...@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ In-kernel memory-mapped I/O tracing ...@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ In-kernel memory-mapped I/O tracing
Home page and links to optional user space tools: Home page and links to optional user space tools:
http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/MmioTrace https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/MmioTrace
MMIO tracing was originally developed by Intel around 2003 for their Fault MMIO tracing was originally developed by Intel around 2003 for their Fault
Injection Test Harness. In Dec 2006 - Jan 2007, using the code from Intel, Injection Test Harness. In Dec 2006 - Jan 2007, using the code from Intel,
......
...@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ Definita in ``include/linux/export.h`` ...@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ Definita in ``include/linux/export.h``
Questa è una variate di `EXPORT_SYMBOL()` che permette di specificare uno Questa è una variate di `EXPORT_SYMBOL()` che permette di specificare uno
spazio dei nomi. Lo spazio dei nomi è documentato in spazio dei nomi. Lo spazio dei nomi è documentato in
:doc:`../core-api/symbol-namespaces` :doc:`../../../core-api/symbol-namespaces`
:c:func:`EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL()` :c:func:`EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL()`
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
...@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ Definita in ``include/linux/export.h`` ...@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ Definita in ``include/linux/export.h``
Questa è una variate di `EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL()` che permette di specificare uno Questa è una variate di `EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL()` che permette di specificare uno
spazio dei nomi. Lo spazio dei nomi è documentato in spazio dei nomi. Lo spazio dei nomi è documentato in
:doc:`../core-api/symbol-namespaces` :doc:`../../../core-api/symbol-namespaces`
Procedure e convenzioni Procedure e convenzioni
======================= =======================
......
...@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ ...@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
:Original: :doc:`../../../process/email-clients` :Original: :doc:`../../../process/email-clients`
:Translator: Alessia Mantegazza <amantegazza@vaga.pv.it> :Translator: Alessia Mantegazza <amantegazza@vaga.pv.it>
.. _it_email_clients:
Informazioni sui programmi di posta elettronica per Linux Informazioni sui programmi di posta elettronica per Linux
========================================================= =========================================================
......
...@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ ...@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
:Original: :doc:`../../../process/management-style` :Original: :doc:`../../../process/management-style`
:Translator: Alessia Mantegazza <amantegazza@vaga.pv.it> :Translator: Alessia Mantegazza <amantegazza@vaga.pv.it>
.. _it_managementstyle:
Il modello di gestione del kernel Linux Il modello di gestione del kernel Linux
======================================= =======================================
......
...@@ -1842,12 +1842,15 @@ Mandatory 배리어들은 SMP 시스템에서도 UP 시스템에서도 SMP 효 ...@@ -1842,12 +1842,15 @@ Mandatory 배리어들은 SMP 시스템에서도 UP 시스템에서도 SMP 효
(*) smp_mb__before_atomic(); (*) smp_mb__before_atomic();
(*) smp_mb__after_atomic(); (*) smp_mb__after_atomic();
이것들은 값을 리턴하지 않는 (더하기, 빼기, 증가, 감소와 같은) 어토믹 이것들은 메모리 배리어를 내포하지 않는 어토믹 RMW 함수를 사용하지만 코드에
함수들을 위한, 특히 그것들이 레퍼런스 카운팅에 사용될 때를 위한 메모리 배리어가 필요한 경우를 위한 것들입니다. 메모리 배리어를 내포하지
함수들입니다. 이 함수들은 메모리 배리어를 내포하고 있지는 않습니다. 않는 어토믹 RMW 함수들의 예로는 더하기, 빼기, (실패한) 조건적
오퍼레이션들, _relaxed 함수들이 있으며, atomic_read 나 atomic_set 은 이에
이것들은 값을 리턴하지 않으며 어토믹한 (set_bit 과 clear_bit 같은) 비트 해당되지 않습니다. 메모리 배리어가 필요해지는 흔한 예로는 어토믹
연산에도 사용될 수 있습니다. 오퍼레이션을 사용해 레퍼런스 카운트를 수정하는 경우를 들 수 있습니다.
이것들은 또한 (set_bit 과 clear_bit 같은) 메모리 배리어를 내포하지 않는
어토믹 RMW bitop 함수들을 위해서도 사용될 수 있습니다.
한 예로, 객체 하나를 무효한 것으로 표시하고 그 객체의 레퍼런스 카운트를 한 예로, 객체 하나를 무효한 것으로 표시하고 그 객체의 레퍼런스 카운트를
감소시키는 다음 코드를 보세요: 감소시키는 다음 코드를 보세요:
......
...@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ...@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst .. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
:Original: :ref:`Documentation/filesystems/debugfs.txt <debugfs_index>` :Original: :doc:`../../../filesystems/debugfs`
======= =======
Debugfs Debugfs
......
...@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Kernel Samepage Merging ...@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Kernel Samepage Merging
KSM is a memory-saving de-duplication feature, enabled by CONFIG_KSM=y, KSM is a memory-saving de-duplication feature, enabled by CONFIG_KSM=y,
added to the Linux kernel in 2.6.32. See ``mm/ksm.c`` for its implementation, added to the Linux kernel in 2.6.32. See ``mm/ksm.c`` for its implementation,
and http://lwn.net/Articles/306704/ and http://lwn.net/Articles/330589/ and http://lwn.net/Articles/306704/ and https://lwn.net/Articles/330589/
The userspace interface of KSM is described in :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/mm/ksm.rst <admin_guide_ksm>` The userspace interface of KSM is described in :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/mm/ksm.rst <admin_guide_ksm>`
......
...@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ improve compression ratio of executable data. ...@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ improve compression ratio of executable data.
The XZ decompressor in Linux is called XZ Embedded. It supports The XZ decompressor in Linux is called XZ Embedded. It supports
the LZMA2 filter and optionally also BCJ filters. CRC32 is supported the LZMA2 filter and optionally also BCJ filters. CRC32 is supported
for integrity checking. The home page of XZ Embedded is at for integrity checking. The home page of XZ Embedded is at
<http://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html>, where you can find the <https://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html>, where you can find the
latest version and also information about using the code outside latest version and also information about using the code outside
the Linux kernel. the Linux kernel.
For userspace, XZ Utils provide a zlib-like compression library For userspace, XZ Utils provide a zlib-like compression library
and a gzip-like command line tool. XZ Utils can be downloaded from and a gzip-like command line tool. XZ Utils can be downloaded from
<http://tukaani.org/xz/>. <https://tukaani.org/xz/>.
XZ related components in the kernel XZ related components in the kernel
=================================== ===================================
...@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Reporting bugs ...@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Reporting bugs
============== ==============
Before reporting a bug, please check that it's not fixed already Before reporting a bug, please check that it's not fixed already
at upstream. See <http://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html> to get the at upstream. See <https://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html> to get the
latest code. latest code.
Report bugs to <lasse.collin@tukaani.org> or visit #tukaani on Report bugs to <lasse.collin@tukaani.org> or visit #tukaani on
......
...@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ if (defined($ENV{'KBUILD_VERBOSE'})) { ...@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ if (defined($ENV{'KBUILD_VERBOSE'})) {
# Generated docbook code is inserted in a template at a point where # Generated docbook code is inserted in a template at a point where
# docbook v3.1 requires a non-zero sequence of RefEntry's; see: # docbook v3.1 requires a non-zero sequence of RefEntry's; see:
# http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/documentation/reference/html/refentry.html # https://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/documentation/reference/html/refentry.html
# We keep track of number of generated entries and generate a dummy # We keep track of number of generated entries and generate a dummy
# if needs be to ensure the expanded template can be postprocessed # if needs be to ensure the expanded template can be postprocessed
# into html. # into html.
......
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