perf augmented_raw_syscalls: Use a PERCPU_ARRAY map to copy more string bytes

The previous method, copying to the BPF stack limited us in how many
bytes we could copy from strings, use a PERCPU_ARRAY map like devised by
the sysdig guys[1] to copy more bytes:

Before:

  # trace --no-inherit -e openat touch `python -c "print "$s" 'a' * 2000"`
  touch: cannot touch 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa': File name too long
  openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
  openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
  openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
  openat(AT_FDCWD, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", O_CREAT|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK|O_WRONLY, S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO) = -1 ENAMETOOLONG (File name too long)
  openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
  openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
  openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
  <SNIP some openat calls>
  #

After:

  [root@quaco acme]# trace --no-inherit -e openat touch `python -c "print "$s" 'a' * 2000"`
  <STRIP what is the same as in the 'before' part>
  openat(AT_FDCWD, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", O_CREAT|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOC) = -1 ENAMETOOLONG (File name too long)
  <STRIP what is the same as in the 'before' part>

If we leave something like 'perf trace -e string' to trace all syscalls
with a string, and then do some 'perf top', to get some annotation for
the augmented_raw_syscalls.o BPF program we get:

       │     → callq  *ffffffffc45576d1                                                                                                          ▒
       │                augmented_args->filename.size = probe_read_str(&augmented_args->filename.value,                                          ▒
  0.05 │       mov    %eax,0x40(%r13)

Looking with pahole, expanding types, asking for hex offsets and sizes,
and use of BTF type information to see what is at that 0x40 offset from
%r13:

  # pahole -F btf -C augmented_args_filename --expand_types --hex /home/acme/git/perf/tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.o
  struct augmented_args_filename {
	struct syscall_enter_args {
		long long unsigned int common_tp_fields;                                 /*     0   0x8 */
		long int           syscall_nr;                                           /*   0x8   0x8 */
		long unsigned int  args[6];                                              /*  0x10  0x30 */
	} args; /*     0  0x40 */
	/* --- cacheline 1 boundary (64 bytes) --- */
	struct augmented_filename {
		unsigned int       size;                                                 /*  0x40   0x4 */
		int                reserved;                                             /*  0x44   0x4 */
		char               value[4096];                                          /*  0x48 0x1000 */
	} filename; /*  0x40 0x1008 */

	/* size: 4168, cachelines: 66, members: 2 */
	/* last cacheline: 8 bytes */
  };
  #

Then looking if PATH_MAX leaves some signature in the tests:

       │                if (augmented_args->filename.size < sizeof(augmented_args->filename.value)) {                                            ▒
       │       cmp    $0xfff,%rdi

0xfff == 4095
sizeof(augmented_args->filename.value) == PATH_MAX == 4096

[1] https://sysdig.com/blog/the-art-of-writing-ebpf-programs-a-primer/

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <borkmann@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Gianluca Borello <g.borello@gmail.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Luis Cláudio Gonçalves <lclaudio@redhat.com>
cc: Martin Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-76gce2d2ghzq537ubwhjkone@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.c

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <linux/limits.h>
 #include <pid_filter.h>
 
 /* bpf-output associated map */
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ struct syscall_exit_args {
 struct augmented_filename {
 	unsigned int	size;
 	int		reserved;
-	char		value[256];
+	char		value[PATH_MAX];
 };
 
 /* syscalls where the first arg is a string */
@@ -119,23 +120,32 @@ struct augmented_filename {
 
 pid_filter(pids_filtered);
 
+struct augmented_args_filename {
+       struct syscall_enter_args args;
+       struct augmented_filename filename;
+};
+
+bpf_map(augmented_filename_map, PERCPU_ARRAY, int, struct augmented_args_filename, 1);
+
 SEC("raw_syscalls:sys_enter")
 int sys_enter(struct syscall_enter_args *args)
 {
-	struct {
-		struct syscall_enter_args args;
-		struct augmented_filename filename;
-	} augmented_args;
-	struct syscall *syscall;
-	unsigned int len = sizeof(augmented_args);
+	struct augmented_args_filename *augmented_args;
+	unsigned int len = sizeof(*augmented_args);
 	const void *filename_arg = NULL;
+	struct syscall *syscall;
+	int key = 0;
+
+        augmented_args = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&augmented_filename_map, &key);
+        if (augmented_args == NULL)
+                return 1;
 
 	if (pid_filter__has(&pids_filtered, getpid()))
 		return 0;
 
-	probe_read(&augmented_args.args, sizeof(augmented_args.args), args);
+	probe_read(&augmented_args->args, sizeof(augmented_args->args), args);
 
-	syscall = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&syscalls, &augmented_args.args.syscall_nr);
+	syscall = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&syscalls, &augmented_args->args.syscall_nr);
 	if (syscall == NULL || !syscall->enabled)
 		return 0;
 	/*
@@ -191,7 +201,7 @@ int sys_enter(struct syscall_enter_args *args)
 	 * processor architecture, making the kernel part the same no matter what
 	 * kernel version or processor architecture it runs on.
 	 */
-	switch (augmented_args.args.syscall_nr) {
+	switch (augmented_args->args.syscall_nr) {
 	case SYS_ACCT:
 	case SYS_ADD_KEY:
 	case SYS_CHDIR:
@@ -263,20 +273,20 @@ int sys_enter(struct syscall_enter_args *args)
 	}
 
 	if (filename_arg != NULL) {
-		augmented_args.filename.reserved = 0;
-		augmented_args.filename.size = probe_read_str(&augmented_args.filename.value,
-							      sizeof(augmented_args.filename.value),
+		augmented_args->filename.reserved = 0;
+		augmented_args->filename.size = probe_read_str(&augmented_args->filename.value,
+							      sizeof(augmented_args->filename.value),
 							      filename_arg);
-		if (augmented_args.filename.size < sizeof(augmented_args.filename.value)) {
-			len -= sizeof(augmented_args.filename.value) - augmented_args.filename.size;
-			len &= sizeof(augmented_args.filename.value) - 1;
+		if (augmented_args->filename.size < sizeof(augmented_args->filename.value)) {
+			len -= sizeof(augmented_args->filename.value) - augmented_args->filename.size;
+			len &= sizeof(augmented_args->filename.value) - 1;
 		}
 	} else {
-		len = sizeof(augmented_args.args);
+		len = sizeof(augmented_args->args);
 	}
 
 	/* If perf_event_output fails, return non-zero so that it gets recorded unaugmented */
-	return perf_event_output(args, &__augmented_syscalls__, BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU, &augmented_args, len);
+	return perf_event_output(args, &__augmented_syscalls__, BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU, augmented_args, len);
 }
 
 SEC("raw_syscalls:sys_exit")