The smart syzbot has found a reproducer for the following issue:

 ==================================================================
 BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in instrument_atomic_write include/linux/instrumented.h:71 [inline]
 BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in atomic_inc include/asm-generic/atomic-instrumented.h:240 [inline]
 BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in io_wqe_inc_running fs/io-wq.c:301 [inline]
 BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in io_wq_worker_running+0xde/0x110 fs/io-wq.c:613
 Write of size 4 at addr ffff8882183db08c by task io_wqe_worker-0/7771

 CPU: 0 PID: 7771 Comm: io_wqe_worker-0 Not tainted 5.9.0-rc4-syzkaller #0
 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
 Call Trace:
  __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:77 [inline]
  dump_stack+0x198/0x1fd lib/dump_stack.c:118
  print_address_description.constprop.0.cold+0xae/0x497 mm/kasan/report.c:383
  __kasan_report mm/kasan/report.c:513 [inline]
  kasan_report.cold+0x1f/0x37 mm/kasan/report.c:530
  check_memory_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:186 [inline]
  check_memory_region+0x13d/0x180 mm/kasan/generic.c:192
  instrument_atomic_write include/linux/instrumented.h:71 [inline]
  atomic_inc include/asm-generic/atomic-instrumented.h:240 [inline]
  io_wqe_inc_running fs/io-wq.c:301 [inline]
  io_wq_worker_running+0xde/0x110 fs/io-wq.c:613
  schedule_timeout+0x148/0x250 kernel/time/timer.c:1879
  io_wqe_worker+0x517/0x10e0 fs/io-wq.c:580
  kthread+0x3b5/0x4a0 kernel/kthread.c:292
  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:294

 Allocated by task 7768:
  kasan_save_stack+0x1b/0x40 mm/kasan/common.c:48
  kasan_set_track mm/kasan/common.c:56 [inline]
  __kasan_kmalloc.constprop.0+0xbf/0xd0 mm/kasan/common.c:461
  kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace+0x17b/0x3f0 mm/slab.c:3594
  kmalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:572 [inline]
  kzalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:677 [inline]
  io_wq_create+0x57b/0xa10 fs/io-wq.c:1064
  io_init_wq_offload fs/io_uring.c:7432 [inline]
  io_sq_offload_start fs/io_uring.c:7504 [inline]
  io_uring_create fs/io_uring.c:8625 [inline]
  io_uring_setup+0x1836/0x28e0 fs/io_uring.c:8694
  do_syscall_64+0x2d/0x70 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9

 Freed by task 21:
  kasan_save_stack+0x1b/0x40 mm/kasan/common.c:48
  kasan_set_track+0x1c/0x30 mm/kasan/common.c:56
  kasan_set_free_info+0x1b/0x30 mm/kasan/generic.c:355
  __kasan_slab_free+0xd8/0x120 mm/kasan/common.c:422
  __cache_free mm/slab.c:3418 [inline]
  kfree+0x10e/0x2b0 mm/slab.c:3756
  __io_wq_destroy fs/io-wq.c:1138 [inline]
  io_wq_destroy+0x2af/0x460 fs/io-wq.c:1146
  io_finish_async fs/io_uring.c:6836 [inline]
  io_ring_ctx_free fs/io_uring.c:7870 [inline]
  io_ring_exit_work+0x1e4/0x6d0 fs/io_uring.c:7954
  process_one_work+0x94c/0x1670 kernel/workqueue.c:2269
  worker_thread+0x64c/0x1120 kernel/workqueue.c:2415
  kthread+0x3b5/0x4a0 kernel/kthread.c:292
  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:294

 The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8882183db000
  which belongs to the cache kmalloc-1k of size 1024
 The buggy address is located 140 bytes inside of
  1024-byte region [ffff8882183db000, ffff8882183db400)
 The buggy address belongs to the page:
 page:000000009bada22b refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x2183db
 flags: 0x57ffe0000000200(slab)
 raw: 057ffe0000000200 ffffea0008604c48 ffffea00086a8648 ffff8880aa040700
 raw: 0000000000000000 ffff8882183db000 0000000100000002 0000000000000000
 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected

 Memory state around the buggy address:
  ffff8882183daf80: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
  ffff8882183db000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
 >ffff8882183db080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
                       ^
  ffff8882183db100: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
  ffff8882183db180: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
 ==================================================================

which is down to the comment below,

	/* all workers gone, wq exit can proceed */
	if (!nr_workers && refcount_dec_and_test(&wqe->wq->refs))
		complete(&wqe->wq->done);

because there might be multiple cases of wqe in a wq and we would wait
for every worker in every wqe to go home before releasing wq's resources
on destroying.

To that end, rework wq's refcount by making it independent of the tracking
of workers because after all they are two different things, and keeping
it balanced when workers come and go. Note the manager kthread, like
other workers, now holds a grab to wq during its lifetime.

Finally to help destroy wq, check IO_WQ_BIT_EXIT upon creating worker
and do nothing for exiting wq.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.5+
Reported-by: syzbot+45fa0a195b941764e0f0@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reported-by: syzbot+9af99580130003da82b1@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Cc: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NHillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>