core.c

/*
 * drivers/base/core.c - core driver model code (device registration, etc)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002-3 Patrick Mochel
 * Copyright (c) 2002-3 Open Source Development Labs
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Novell, Inc.
 *
 * This file is released under the GPLv2
 *
 */

#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>

#include <asm/semaphore.h>

#include "base.h"
#include "power/power.h"

int (*platform_notify)(struct device * dev) = NULL;
int (*platform_notify_remove)(struct device * dev) = NULL;

/*
 * sysfs bindings for devices.
 */

/**
 * dev_driver_string - Return a device's driver name, if at all possible
 * @dev: struct device to get the name of
 *
 * Will return the device's driver's name if it is bound to a device.  If
 * the device is not bound to a device, it will return the name of the bus
 * it is attached to.  If it is not attached to a bus either, an empty
 * string will be returned.
 */
const char *dev_driver_string(struct device *dev)
{
	return dev->driver ? dev->driver->name :
			(dev->bus ? dev->bus->name : "");
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(dev_driver_string);

#define to_dev(obj) container_of(obj, struct device, kobj)
#define to_dev_attr(_attr) container_of(_attr, struct device_attribute, attr)

static ssize_t
dev_attr_show(struct kobject * kobj, struct attribute * attr, char * buf)
{
	struct device_attribute * dev_attr = to_dev_attr(attr);
	struct device * dev = to_dev(kobj);
	ssize_t ret = -EIO;

	if (dev_attr->show)
		ret = dev_attr->show(dev, dev_attr, buf);
	return ret;
}

static ssize_t
dev_attr_store(struct kobject * kobj, struct attribute * attr,
	       const char * buf, size_t count)
{
	struct device_attribute * dev_attr = to_dev_attr(attr);
	struct device * dev = to_dev(kobj);
	ssize_t ret = -EIO;

	if (dev_attr->store)
		ret = dev_attr->store(dev, dev_attr, buf, count);
	return ret;
}

static struct sysfs_ops dev_sysfs_ops = {
	.show	= dev_attr_show,
	.store	= dev_attr_store,
};


/**
 *	device_release - free device structure.
 *	@kobj:	device's kobject.
 *
 *	This is called once the reference count for the object
 *	reaches 0. We forward the call to the device's release
 *	method, which should handle actually freeing the structure.
 */
static void device_release(struct kobject * kobj)
{
	struct device * dev = to_dev(kobj);

	if (dev->release)
		dev->release(dev);
	else if (dev->type && dev->type->release)
		dev->type->release(dev);
	else if (dev->class && dev->class->dev_release)
		dev->class->dev_release(dev);
	else {
		printk(KERN_ERR "Device '%s' does not have a release() function, "
			"it is broken and must be fixed.\n",
			dev->bus_id);
		WARN_ON(1);
	}
}

static struct kobj_type ktype_device = {
	.release	= device_release,
	.sysfs_ops	= &dev_sysfs_ops,
};


static int dev_uevent_filter(struct kset *kset, struct kobject *kobj)
{
	struct kobj_type *ktype = get_ktype(kobj);

	if (ktype == &ktype_device) {
		struct device *dev = to_dev(kobj);
		if (dev->bus)
			return 1;
		if (dev->class)
			return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static const char *dev_uevent_name(struct kset *kset, struct kobject *kobj)
{
	struct device *dev = to_dev(kobj);

	if (dev->bus)
		return dev->bus->name;
	if (dev->class)
		return dev->class->name;
	return NULL;
}

static int dev_uevent(struct kset *kset, struct kobject *kobj, char **envp,
			int num_envp, char *buffer, int buffer_size)
{
	struct device *dev = to_dev(kobj);
	int i = 0;
	int length = 0;
	int retval = 0;

	/* add the major/minor if present */
	if (MAJOR(dev->devt)) {
		add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i,
			       buffer, buffer_size, &length,
			       "MAJOR=%u", MAJOR(dev->devt));
		add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i,
			       buffer, buffer_size, &length,
			       "MINOR=%u", MINOR(dev->devt));
	}

	if (dev->driver)
		add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i,
			       buffer, buffer_size, &length,
			       "DRIVER=%s", dev->driver->name);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
	if (dev->class) {
		struct device *parent = dev->parent;

		/* find first bus device in parent chain */
		while (parent && !parent->bus)
			parent = parent->parent;
		if (parent && parent->bus) {
			const char *path;

			path = kobject_get_path(&parent->kobj, GFP_KERNEL);
			add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i,
				       buffer, buffer_size, &length,
				       "PHYSDEVPATH=%s", path);
			kfree(path);

			add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i,
				       buffer, buffer_size, &length,
				       "PHYSDEVBUS=%s", parent->bus->name);

			if (parent->driver)
				add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i,
					       buffer, buffer_size, &length,
					       "PHYSDEVDRIVER=%s", parent->driver->name);
		}
	} else if (dev->bus) {
		add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i,
			       buffer, buffer_size, &length,
			       "PHYSDEVBUS=%s", dev->bus->name);

		if (dev->driver)
			add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i,
				       buffer, buffer_size, &length,
				       "PHYSDEVDRIVER=%s", dev->driver->name);
	}
#endif

	/* terminate, set to next free slot, shrink available space */
	envp[i] = NULL;
	envp = &envp[i];
	num_envp -= i;
	buffer = &buffer[length];
	buffer_size -= length;

	if (dev->bus && dev->bus->uevent) {
		/* have the bus specific function add its stuff */
		retval = dev->bus->uevent(dev, envp, num_envp, buffer, buffer_size);
		if (retval)
			pr_debug ("%s: bus uevent() returned %d\n",
				  __FUNCTION__, retval);
	}

	if (dev->class && dev->class->dev_uevent) {
		/* have the class specific function add its stuff */
		retval = dev->class->dev_uevent(dev, envp, num_envp, buffer, buffer_size);
		if (retval)
			pr_debug("%s: class uevent() returned %d\n",
				 __FUNCTION__, retval);
	}

	if (dev->type && dev->type->uevent) {
		/* have the device type specific fuction add its stuff */
		retval = dev->type->uevent(dev, envp, num_envp, buffer, buffer_size);
		if (retval)
			pr_debug("%s: dev_type uevent() returned %d\n",
				 __FUNCTION__, retval);
	}

	return retval;
}

static struct kset_uevent_ops device_uevent_ops = {
	.filter =	dev_uevent_filter,
	.name =		dev_uevent_name,
	.uevent =	dev_uevent,
};

static ssize_t store_uevent(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
			    const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
	return count;
}

static int device_add_groups(struct device *dev)
{
	int i;
	int error = 0;

	if (dev->groups) {
		for (i = 0; dev->groups[i]; i++) {
			error = sysfs_create_group(&dev->kobj, dev->groups[i]);
			if (error) {
				while (--i >= 0)
					sysfs_remove_group(&dev->kobj, dev->groups[i]);
				goto out;
			}
		}
	}
out:
	return error;
}

static void device_remove_groups(struct device *dev)
{
	int i;
	if (dev->groups) {
		for (i = 0; dev->groups[i]; i++) {
			sysfs_remove_group(&dev->kobj, dev->groups[i]);
		}
	}
}

static int device_add_attrs(struct device *dev)
{
	struct class *class = dev->class;
	struct device_type *type = dev->type;
	int error = 0;
	int i;

	if (class && class->dev_attrs) {
		for (i = 0; attr_name(class->dev_attrs[i]); i++) {
			error = device_create_file(dev, &class->dev_attrs[i]);
			if (error)
				break;
		}
		if (error)
			while (--i >= 0)
				device_remove_file(dev, &class->dev_attrs[i]);
	}

	if (type && type->attrs) {
		for (i = 0; attr_name(type->attrs[i]); i++) {
			error = device_create_file(dev, &type->attrs[i]);
			if (error)
				break;
		}
		if (error)
			while (--i >= 0)
				device_remove_file(dev, &type->attrs[i]);
	}

	return error;
}

static void device_remove_attrs(struct device *dev)
{
	struct class *class = dev->class;
	struct device_type *type = dev->type;
	int i;

	if (class && class->dev_attrs) {
		for (i = 0; attr_name(class->dev_attrs[i]); i++)
			device_remove_file(dev, &class->dev_attrs[i]);
	}

	if (type && type->attrs) {
		for (i = 0; attr_name(type->attrs[i]); i++)
			device_remove_file(dev, &type->attrs[i]);
	}
}


static ssize_t show_dev(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
			char *buf)
{
	return print_dev_t(buf, dev->devt);
}

/*
 *	devices_subsys - structure to be registered with kobject core.
 */

decl_subsys(devices, &ktype_device, &device_uevent_ops);


/**
 *	device_create_file - create sysfs attribute file for device.
 *	@dev:	device.
 *	@attr:	device attribute descriptor.
 */

int device_create_file(struct device * dev, struct device_attribute * attr)
{
	int error = 0;
	if (get_device(dev)) {
		error = sysfs_create_file(&dev->kobj, &attr->attr);
		put_device(dev);
	}
	return error;
}

/**
 *	device_remove_file - remove sysfs attribute file.
 *	@dev:	device.
 *	@attr:	device attribute descriptor.
 */

void device_remove_file(struct device * dev, struct device_attribute * attr)
{
	if (get_device(dev)) {
		sysfs_remove_file(&dev->kobj, &attr->attr);
		put_device(dev);
	}
}

/**
 * device_create_bin_file - create sysfs binary attribute file for device.
 * @dev: device.
 * @attr: device binary attribute descriptor.
 */
int device_create_bin_file(struct device *dev, struct bin_attribute *attr)
{
	int error = -EINVAL;
	if (dev)
		error = sysfs_create_bin_file(&dev->kobj, attr);
	return error;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_create_bin_file);

/**
 * device_remove_bin_file - remove sysfs binary attribute file
 * @dev: device.
 * @attr: device binary attribute descriptor.
 */
void device_remove_bin_file(struct device *dev, struct bin_attribute *attr)
{
	if (dev)
		sysfs_remove_bin_file(&dev->kobj, attr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_remove_bin_file);

static void klist_children_get(struct klist_node *n)
{
	struct device *dev = container_of(n, struct device, knode_parent);

	get_device(dev);
}

static void klist_children_put(struct klist_node *n)
{
	struct device *dev = container_of(n, struct device, knode_parent);

	put_device(dev);
}


/**
 *	device_initialize - init device structure.
 *	@dev:	device.
 *
 *	This prepares the device for use by other layers,
 *	including adding it to the device hierarchy.
 *	It is the first half of device_register(), if called by
 *	that, though it can also be called separately, so one
 *	may use @dev's fields (e.g. the refcount).
 */

void device_initialize(struct device *dev)
{
	kobj_set_kset_s(dev, devices_subsys);
	kobject_init(&dev->kobj);
	klist_init(&dev->klist_children, klist_children_get,
		   klist_children_put);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->dma_pools);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->node);
	init_MUTEX(&dev->sem);
	spin_lock_init(&dev->devres_lock);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->devres_head);
	device_init_wakeup(dev, 0);
	set_dev_node(dev, -1);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
static struct kobject * get_device_parent(struct device *dev,
					  struct device *parent)
{
	/* Set the parent to the class, not the parent device */
	/* this keeps sysfs from having a symlink to make old udevs happy */
	if (dev->class)
		return &dev->class->subsys.kset.kobj;
	else if (parent)
		return &parent->kobj;

	return NULL;
}
#else
static struct kobject * virtual_device_parent(struct device *dev)
{
	if (!dev->class)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);

	if (!dev->class->virtual_dir) {
		static struct kobject *virtual_dir = NULL;

		if (!virtual_dir)
			virtual_dir = kobject_add_dir(&devices_subsys.kset.kobj, "virtual");
		dev->class->virtual_dir = kobject_add_dir(virtual_dir, dev->class->name);
	}

	return dev->class->virtual_dir;
}

static struct kobject * get_device_parent(struct device *dev,
					  struct device *parent)
{
	/* if this is a class device, and has no parent, create one */
	if ((dev->class) && (parent == NULL)) {
		return virtual_device_parent(dev);
	} else if (parent)
		return &parent->kobj;
	return NULL;
}

#endif
static int setup_parent(struct device *dev, struct device *parent)
{
	struct kobject *kobj;
	kobj = get_device_parent(dev, parent);
	if (IS_ERR(kobj))
		return PTR_ERR(kobj);
	if (kobj)
		dev->kobj.parent = kobj;
	return 0;
}

/**
 *	device_add - add device to device hierarchy.
 *	@dev:	device.
 *
 *	This is part 2 of device_register(), though may be called
 *	separately _iff_ device_initialize() has been called separately.
 *
 *	This adds it to the kobject hierarchy via kobject_add(), adds it
 *	to the global and sibling lists for the device, then
 *	adds it to the other relevant subsystems of the driver model.
 */
int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
	struct device *parent = NULL;
	char *class_name = NULL;
	struct class_interface *class_intf;
	int error = -EINVAL;

	dev = get_device(dev);
	if (!dev || !strlen(dev->bus_id))
		goto Error;

	pr_debug("DEV: registering device: ID = '%s'\n", dev->bus_id);

	parent = get_device(dev->parent);

	error = setup_parent(dev, parent);
	if (error)
		goto Error;

	/* first, register with generic layer. */
	kobject_set_name(&dev->kobj, "%s", dev->bus_id);
	error = kobject_add(&dev->kobj);
	if (error)
		goto Error;

	/* notify platform of device entry */
	if (platform_notify)
		platform_notify(dev);

	/* notify clients of device entry (new way) */
	if (dev->bus)
		blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->bus_notifier,
					     BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE, dev);

	dev->uevent_attr.attr.name = "uevent";
	dev->uevent_attr.attr.mode = S_IWUSR;
	if (dev->driver)
		dev->uevent_attr.attr.owner = dev->driver->owner;
	dev->uevent_attr.store = store_uevent;
	error = device_create_file(dev, &dev->uevent_attr);
	if (error)
		goto attrError;

	if (MAJOR(dev->devt)) {
		struct device_attribute *attr;
		attr = kzalloc(sizeof(*attr), GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!attr) {
			error = -ENOMEM;
			goto ueventattrError;
		}
		attr->attr.name = "dev";
		attr->attr.mode = S_IRUGO;
		if (dev->driver)
			attr->attr.owner = dev->driver->owner;
		attr->show = show_dev;
		error = device_create_file(dev, attr);
		if (error) {
			kfree(attr);
			goto ueventattrError;
		}

		dev->devt_attr = attr;
	}

	if (dev->class) {
		sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj, &dev->class->subsys.kset.kobj,
				  "subsystem");
		/* If this is not a "fake" compatible device, then create the
		 * symlink from the class to the device. */
		if (dev->kobj.parent != &dev->class->subsys.kset.kobj)
			sysfs_create_link(&dev->class->subsys.kset.kobj,
					  &dev->kobj, dev->bus_id);
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
		if (parent) {
			sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj, &dev->parent->kobj,
							"device");
			class_name = make_class_name(dev->class->name,
							&dev->kobj);
			if (class_name)
				sysfs_create_link(&dev->parent->kobj,
						  &dev->kobj, class_name);
		}
#endif
	}

	if ((error = device_add_attrs(dev)))
		goto AttrsError;
	if ((error = device_add_groups(dev)))
		goto GroupError;
	if ((error = device_pm_add(dev)))
		goto PMError;
	if ((error = bus_add_device(dev)))
		goto BusError;
	if (!dev->uevent_suppress)
		kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
	if ((error = bus_attach_device(dev)))
		goto AttachError;
	if (parent)
		klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_parent, &parent->klist_children);

	if (dev->class) {
		down(&dev->class->sem);
		/* tie the class to the device */
		list_add_tail(&dev->node, &dev->class->devices);

		/* notify any interfaces that the device is here */
		list_for_each_entry(class_intf, &dev->class->interfaces, node)
			if (class_intf->add_dev)
				class_intf->add_dev(dev, class_intf);
		up(&dev->class->sem);
	}
 Done:
 	kfree(class_name);
	put_device(dev);
	return error;
 AttachError:
	bus_remove_device(dev);
 BusError:
	device_pm_remove(dev);
 PMError:
	if (dev->bus)
		blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->bus_notifier,
					     BUS_NOTIFY_DEL_DEVICE, dev);
	device_remove_groups(dev);
 GroupError:
 	device_remove_attrs(dev);
 AttrsError:
	if (dev->devt_attr) {
		device_remove_file(dev, dev->devt_attr);
		kfree(dev->devt_attr);
	}
 ueventattrError:
	device_remove_file(dev, &dev->uevent_attr);
 attrError:
	kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
	kobject_del(&dev->kobj);
 Error:
	if (parent)
		put_device(parent);
	goto Done;
}


/**
 *	device_register - register a device with the system.
 *	@dev:	pointer to the device structure
 *
 *	This happens in two clean steps - initialize the device
 *	and add it to the system. The two steps can be called
 *	separately, but this is the easiest and most common.
 *	I.e. you should only call the two helpers separately if
 *	have a clearly defined need to use and refcount the device
 *	before it is added to the hierarchy.
 */

int device_register(struct device *dev)
{
	device_initialize(dev);
	return device_add(dev);
}


/**
 *	get_device - increment reference count for device.
 *	@dev:	device.
 *
 *	This simply forwards the call to kobject_get(), though
 *	we do take care to provide for the case that we get a NULL
 *	pointer passed in.
 */

struct device * get_device(struct device * dev)
{
	return dev ? to_dev(kobject_get(&dev->kobj)) : NULL;
}


/**
 *	put_device - decrement reference count.
 *	@dev:	device in question.
 */
void put_device(struct device * dev)
{
	if (dev)
		kobject_put(&dev->kobj);
}


/**
 *	device_del - delete device from system.
 *	@dev:	device.
 *
 *	This is the first part of the device unregistration
 *	sequence. This removes the device from the lists we control
 *	from here, has it removed from the other driver model
 *	subsystems it was added to in device_add(), and removes it
 *	from the kobject hierarchy.
 *
 *	NOTE: this should be called manually _iff_ device_add() was
 *	also called manually.
 */

void device_del(struct device * dev)
{
	struct device * parent = dev->parent;
	struct class_interface *class_intf;

	if (parent)
		klist_del(&dev->knode_parent);
	if (dev->devt_attr) {
		device_remove_file(dev, dev->devt_attr);
		kfree(dev->devt_attr);
	}
	if (dev->class) {
		sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "subsystem");
		/* If this is not a "fake" compatible device, remove the
		 * symlink from the class to the device. */
		if (dev->kobj.parent != &dev->class->subsys.kset.kobj)
			sysfs_remove_link(&dev->class->subsys.kset.kobj,
					  dev->bus_id);
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
		if (parent) {
			char *class_name = make_class_name(dev->class->name,
							   &dev->kobj);
			if (class_name)
				sysfs_remove_link(&dev->parent->kobj,
						  class_name);
			kfree(class_name);
			sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "device");
		}
#endif

		down(&dev->class->sem);
		/* notify any interfaces that the device is now gone */
		list_for_each_entry(class_intf, &dev->class->interfaces, node)
			if (class_intf->remove_dev)
				class_intf->remove_dev(dev, class_intf);
		/* remove the device from the class list */
		list_del_init(&dev->node);
		up(&dev->class->sem);
	}
	device_remove_file(dev, &dev->uevent_attr);
	device_remove_groups(dev);
	device_remove_attrs(dev);
	bus_remove_device(dev);

	/* Notify the platform of the removal, in case they
	 * need to do anything...
	 */
	if (platform_notify_remove)
		platform_notify_remove(dev);
	if (dev->bus)
		blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->bus_notifier,
					     BUS_NOTIFY_DEL_DEVICE, dev);
	device_pm_remove(dev);
	kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
	kobject_del(&dev->kobj);
	if (parent)
		put_device(parent);
}

/**
 *	device_unregister - unregister device from system.
 *	@dev:	device going away.
 *
 *	We do this in two parts, like we do device_register(). First,
 *	we remove it from all the subsystems with device_del(), then
 *	we decrement the reference count via put_device(). If that
 *	is the final reference count, the device will be cleaned up
 *	via device_release() above. Otherwise, the structure will
 *	stick around until the final reference to the device is dropped.
 */
void device_unregister(struct device * dev)
{
	pr_debug("DEV: Unregistering device. ID = '%s'\n", dev->bus_id);
	device_del(dev);
	put_device(dev);
}


static struct device * next_device(struct klist_iter * i)
{
	struct klist_node * n = klist_next(i);
	return n ? container_of(n, struct device, knode_parent) : NULL;
}

/**
 *	device_for_each_child - device child iterator.
 *	@parent: parent struct device.
 *	@data:	data for the callback.
 *	@fn:	function to be called for each device.
 *
 *	Iterate over @parent's child devices, and call @fn for each,
 *	passing it @data.
 *
 *	We check the return of @fn each time. If it returns anything
 *	other than 0, we break out and return that value.
 */
int device_for_each_child(struct device * parent, void * data,
		     int (*fn)(struct device *, void *))
{
	struct klist_iter i;
	struct device * child;
	int error = 0;

	klist_iter_init(&parent->klist_children, &i);
	while ((child = next_device(&i)) && !error)
		error = fn(child, data);
	klist_iter_exit(&i);
	return error;
}

/**
 * device_find_child - device iterator for locating a particular device.
 * @parent: parent struct device
 * @data: Data to pass to match function
 * @match: Callback function to check device
 *
 * This is similar to the device_for_each_child() function above, but it
 * returns a reference to a device that is 'found' for later use, as
 * determined by the @match callback.
 *
 * The callback should return 0 if the device doesn't match and non-zero
 * if it does.  If the callback returns non-zero and a reference to the
 * current device can be obtained, this function will return to the caller
 * and not iterate over any more devices.
 */
struct device * device_find_child(struct device *parent, void *data,
				  int (*match)(struct device *, void *))
{
	struct klist_iter i;
	struct device *child;

	if (!parent)
		return NULL;

	klist_iter_init(&parent->klist_children, &i);
	while ((child = next_device(&i)))
		if (match(child, data) && get_device(child))
			break;
	klist_iter_exit(&i);
	return child;
}

int __init devices_init(void)
{
	return subsystem_register(&devices_subsys);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_for_each_child);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_find_child);

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_initialize);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_add);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_register);

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_del);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_unregister);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_device);

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_create_file);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_remove_file);


static void device_create_release(struct device *dev)
{
	pr_debug("%s called for %s\n", __FUNCTION__, dev->bus_id);
	kfree(dev);
}

/**
 * device_create - creates a device and registers it with sysfs
 * @class: pointer to the struct class that this device should be registered to
 * @parent: pointer to the parent struct device of this new device, if any
 * @devt: the dev_t for the char device to be added
 * @fmt: string for the device's name
 *
 * This function can be used by char device classes.  A struct device
 * will be created in sysfs, registered to the specified class.
 *
 * A "dev" file will be created, showing the dev_t for the device, if
 * the dev_t is not 0,0.
 * If a pointer to a parent struct device is passed in, the newly created
 * struct device will be a child of that device in sysfs.
 * The pointer to the struct device will be returned from the call.
 * Any further sysfs files that might be required can be created using this
 * pointer.
 *
 * Note: the struct class passed to this function must have previously
 * been created with a call to class_create().
 */
struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,
			     dev_t devt, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	struct device *dev = NULL;
	int retval = -ENODEV;

	if (class == NULL || IS_ERR(class))
		goto error;

	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!dev) {
		retval = -ENOMEM;
		goto error;
	}

	dev->devt = devt;
	dev->class = class;
	dev->parent = parent;
	dev->release = device_create_release;

	va_start(args, fmt);
	vsnprintf(dev->bus_id, BUS_ID_SIZE, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);
	retval = device_register(dev);
	if (retval)
		goto error;

	return dev;

error:
	kfree(dev);
	return ERR_PTR(retval);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_create);

/**
 * device_destroy - removes a device that was created with device_create()
 * @class: pointer to the struct class that this device was registered with
 * @devt: the dev_t of the device that was previously registered
 *
 * This call unregisters and cleans up a device that was created with a
 * call to device_create().
 */
void device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt)
{
	struct device *dev = NULL;
	struct device *dev_tmp;

	down(&class->sem);
	list_for_each_entry(dev_tmp, &class->devices, node) {
		if (dev_tmp->devt == devt) {
			dev = dev_tmp;
			break;
		}
	}
	up(&class->sem);

	if (dev)
		device_unregister(dev);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_destroy);

/**
 * device_rename - renames a device
 * @dev: the pointer to the struct device to be renamed
 * @new_name: the new name of the device
 */
int device_rename(struct device *dev, char *new_name)
{
	char *old_class_name = NULL;
	char *new_class_name = NULL;
	char *old_symlink_name = NULL;
	int error;

	dev = get_device(dev);
	if (!dev)
		return -EINVAL;

	pr_debug("DEVICE: renaming '%s' to '%s'\n", dev->bus_id, new_name);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
	if ((dev->class) && (dev->parent))
		old_class_name = make_class_name(dev->class->name, &dev->kobj);
#endif

	if (dev->class) {
		old_symlink_name = kmalloc(BUS_ID_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!old_symlink_name) {
			error = -ENOMEM;
			goto out_free_old_class;
		}
		strlcpy(old_symlink_name, dev->bus_id, BUS_ID_SIZE);
	}

	strlcpy(dev->bus_id, new_name, BUS_ID_SIZE);

	error = kobject_rename(&dev->kobj, new_name);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
	if (old_class_name) {
		new_class_name = make_class_name(dev->class->name, &dev->kobj);
		if (new_class_name) {
			sysfs_create_link(&dev->parent->kobj, &dev->kobj,
					  new_class_name);
			sysfs_remove_link(&dev->parent->kobj, old_class_name);
		}
	}
#endif

	if (dev->class) {
		sysfs_remove_link(&dev->class->subsys.kset.kobj,
				  old_symlink_name);
		sysfs_create_link(&dev->class->subsys.kset.kobj, &dev->kobj,
				  dev->bus_id);
	}
	put_device(dev);

	kfree(new_class_name);
	kfree(old_symlink_name);
 out_free_old_class:
	kfree(old_class_name);

	return error;
}


static int device_move_class_links(struct device *dev,
				   struct device *old_parent,
				   struct device *new_parent)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
	int error;
	char *class_name;

	class_name = make_class_name(dev->class->name, &dev->kobj);
	if (!class_name) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	if (old_parent) {
		sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "device");
		sysfs_remove_link(&old_parent->kobj, class_name);
	}
	if (new_parent) {
		error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj, &new_parent->kobj,
					  "device");
		if (error)
			goto out;
		error = sysfs_create_link(&new_parent->kobj, &dev->kobj,
					  class_name);
		if (error)
			sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "device");
	}
	else
		error = 0;
out:
	kfree(class_name);
	return error;
#else
	return 0;
#endif
}

/**
 * device_move - moves a device to a new parent
 * @dev: the pointer to the struct device to be moved
 * @new_parent: the new parent of the device (can by NULL)
 */
int device_move(struct device *dev, struct device *new_parent)
{
	int error;
	struct device *old_parent;
	struct kobject *new_parent_kobj;

	dev = get_device(dev);
	if (!dev)
		return -EINVAL;

	new_parent = get_device(new_parent);
	new_parent_kobj = get_device_parent (dev, new_parent);
	if (IS_ERR(new_parent_kobj)) {
		error = PTR_ERR(new_parent_kobj);
		put_device(new_parent);
		goto out;
	}
	pr_debug("DEVICE: moving '%s' to '%s'\n", dev->bus_id,
		 new_parent ? new_parent->bus_id : "<NULL>");
	error = kobject_move(&dev->kobj, new_parent_kobj);
	if (error) {
		put_device(new_parent);
		goto out;
	}
	old_parent = dev->parent;
	dev->parent = new_parent;
	if (old_parent)
		klist_remove(&dev->knode_parent);
	if (new_parent)
		klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_parent, &new_parent->klist_children);
	if (!dev->class)
		goto out_put;
	error = device_move_class_links(dev, old_parent, new_parent);
	if (error) {
		/* We ignore errors on cleanup since we're hosed anyway... */
		device_move_class_links(dev, new_parent, old_parent);
		if (!kobject_move(&dev->kobj, &old_parent->kobj)) {
			if (new_parent)
				klist_remove(&dev->knode_parent);
			if (old_parent)
				klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_parent,
					       &old_parent->klist_children);
		}
		put_device(new_parent);
		goto out;
	}
out_put:
	put_device(old_parent);
out:
	put_device(dev);
	return error;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_move);