sch_sfb.c

/*
 * net/sched/sch_sfb.c	  Stochastic Fair Blue
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2011 Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.jussieu.fr>
 * Copyright (c) 2011 Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * W. Feng, D. Kandlur, D. Saha, K. Shin. Blue:
 * A New Class of Active Queue Management Algorithms.
 * U. Michigan CSE-TR-387-99, April 1999.
 *
 * http://www.thefengs.com/wuchang/blue/CSE-TR-387-99.pdf
 *
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/jhash.h>
#include <net/ip.h>
#include <net/pkt_sched.h>
#include <net/pkt_cls.h>
#include <net/inet_ecn.h>

/*
 * SFB uses two B[l][n] : L x N arrays of bins (L levels, N bins per level)
 * This implementation uses L = 8 and N = 16
 * This permits us to split one 32bit hash (provided per packet by rxhash or
 * external classifier) into 8 subhashes of 4 bits.
 */
#define SFB_BUCKET_SHIFT 4
#define SFB_NUMBUCKETS	(1 << SFB_BUCKET_SHIFT) /* N bins per Level */
#define SFB_BUCKET_MASK (SFB_NUMBUCKETS - 1)
#define SFB_LEVELS	(32 / SFB_BUCKET_SHIFT) /* L */

/* SFB algo uses a virtual queue, named "bin" */
struct sfb_bucket {
	u16		qlen; /* length of virtual queue */
	u16		p_mark; /* marking probability */
};

/* We use a double buffering right before hash change
 * (Section 4.4 of SFB reference : moving hash functions)
 */
struct sfb_bins {
	u32		  perturbation; /* jhash perturbation */
	struct sfb_bucket bins[SFB_LEVELS][SFB_NUMBUCKETS];
};

struct sfb_sched_data {
	struct Qdisc	*qdisc;
	struct tcf_proto __rcu *filter_list;
	struct tcf_block *block;
	unsigned long	rehash_interval;
	unsigned long	warmup_time;	/* double buffering warmup time in jiffies */
	u32		max;
	u32		bin_size;	/* maximum queue length per bin */
	u32		increment;	/* d1 */
	u32		decrement;	/* d2 */
	u32		limit;		/* HARD maximal queue length */
	u32		penalty_rate;
	u32		penalty_burst;
	u32		tokens_avail;
	unsigned long	rehash_time;
	unsigned long	token_time;

	u8		slot;		/* current active bins (0 or 1) */
	bool		double_buffering;
	struct sfb_bins bins[2];

	struct {
		u32	earlydrop;
		u32	penaltydrop;
		u32	bucketdrop;
		u32	queuedrop;
		u32	childdrop;	/* drops in child qdisc */
		u32	marked;		/* ECN mark */
	} stats;
};

/*
 * Each queued skb might be hashed on one or two bins
 * We store in skb_cb the two hash values.
 * (A zero value means double buffering was not used)
 */
struct sfb_skb_cb {
	u32 hashes[2];
};

static inline struct sfb_skb_cb *sfb_skb_cb(const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	qdisc_cb_private_validate(skb, sizeof(struct sfb_skb_cb));
	return (struct sfb_skb_cb *)qdisc_skb_cb(skb)->data;
}

/*
 * If using 'internal' SFB flow classifier, hash comes from skb rxhash
 * If using external classifier, hash comes from the classid.
 */
static u32 sfb_hash(const struct sk_buff *skb, u32 slot)
{
	return sfb_skb_cb(skb)->hashes[slot];
}

/* Probabilities are coded as Q0.16 fixed-point values,
 * with 0xFFFF representing 65535/65536 (almost 1.0)
 * Addition and subtraction are saturating in [0, 65535]
 */
static u32 prob_plus(u32 p1, u32 p2)
{
	u32 res = p1 + p2;

	return min_t(u32, res, SFB_MAX_PROB);
}

static u32 prob_minus(u32 p1, u32 p2)
{
	return p1 > p2 ? p1 - p2 : 0;
}

static void increment_one_qlen(u32 sfbhash, u32 slot, struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	int i;
	struct sfb_bucket *b = &q->bins[slot].bins[0][0];

	for (i = 0; i < SFB_LEVELS; i++) {
		u32 hash = sfbhash & SFB_BUCKET_MASK;

		sfbhash >>= SFB_BUCKET_SHIFT;
		if (b[hash].qlen < 0xFFFF)
			b[hash].qlen++;
		b += SFB_NUMBUCKETS; /* next level */
	}
}

static void increment_qlen(const struct sk_buff *skb, struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	u32 sfbhash;

	sfbhash = sfb_hash(skb, 0);
	if (sfbhash)
		increment_one_qlen(sfbhash, 0, q);

	sfbhash = sfb_hash(skb, 1);
	if (sfbhash)
		increment_one_qlen(sfbhash, 1, q);
}

static void decrement_one_qlen(u32 sfbhash, u32 slot,
			       struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	int i;
	struct sfb_bucket *b = &q->bins[slot].bins[0][0];

	for (i = 0; i < SFB_LEVELS; i++) {
		u32 hash = sfbhash & SFB_BUCKET_MASK;

		sfbhash >>= SFB_BUCKET_SHIFT;
		if (b[hash].qlen > 0)
			b[hash].qlen--;
		b += SFB_NUMBUCKETS; /* next level */
	}
}

static void decrement_qlen(const struct sk_buff *skb, struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	u32 sfbhash;

	sfbhash = sfb_hash(skb, 0);
	if (sfbhash)
		decrement_one_qlen(sfbhash, 0, q);

	sfbhash = sfb_hash(skb, 1);
	if (sfbhash)
		decrement_one_qlen(sfbhash, 1, q);
}

static void decrement_prob(struct sfb_bucket *b, struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	b->p_mark = prob_minus(b->p_mark, q->decrement);
}

static void increment_prob(struct sfb_bucket *b, struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	b->p_mark = prob_plus(b->p_mark, q->increment);
}

static void sfb_zero_all_buckets(struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	memset(&q->bins, 0, sizeof(q->bins));
}

/*
 * compute max qlen, max p_mark, and avg p_mark
 */
static u32 sfb_compute_qlen(u32 *prob_r, u32 *avgpm_r, const struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	int i;
	u32 qlen = 0, prob = 0, totalpm = 0;
	const struct sfb_bucket *b = &q->bins[q->slot].bins[0][0];

	for (i = 0; i < SFB_LEVELS * SFB_NUMBUCKETS; i++) {
		if (qlen < b->qlen)
			qlen = b->qlen;
		totalpm += b->p_mark;
		if (prob < b->p_mark)
			prob = b->p_mark;
		b++;
	}
	*prob_r = prob;
	*avgpm_r = totalpm / (SFB_LEVELS * SFB_NUMBUCKETS);
	return qlen;
}


static void sfb_init_perturbation(u32 slot, struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	q->bins[slot].perturbation = prandom_u32();
}

static void sfb_swap_slot(struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	sfb_init_perturbation(q->slot, q);
	q->slot ^= 1;
	q->double_buffering = false;
}

/* Non elastic flows are allowed to use part of the bandwidth, expressed
 * in "penalty_rate" packets per second, with "penalty_burst" burst
 */
static bool sfb_rate_limit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct sfb_sched_data *q)
{
	if (q->penalty_rate == 0 || q->penalty_burst == 0)
		return true;

	if (q->tokens_avail < 1) {
		unsigned long age = min(10UL * HZ, jiffies - q->token_time);

		q->tokens_avail = (age * q->penalty_rate) / HZ;
		if (q->tokens_avail > q->penalty_burst)
			q->tokens_avail = q->penalty_burst;
		q->token_time = jiffies;
		if (q->tokens_avail < 1)
			return true;
	}

	q->tokens_avail--;
	return false;
}

static bool sfb_classify(struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcf_proto *fl,
			 int *qerr, u32 *salt)
{
	struct tcf_result res;
	int result;

	result = tcf_classify(skb, fl, &res, false);
	if (result >= 0) {
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT
		switch (result) {
		case TC_ACT_STOLEN:
		case TC_ACT_QUEUED:
		case TC_ACT_TRAP:
			*qerr = NET_XMIT_SUCCESS | __NET_XMIT_STOLEN;
			/* fall through */
		case TC_ACT_SHOT:
			return false;
		}
#endif
		*salt = TC_H_MIN(res.classid);
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

static int sfb_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
		       struct sk_buff **to_free)
{

	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
	struct Qdisc *child = q->qdisc;
	struct tcf_proto *fl;
	int i;
	u32 p_min = ~0;
	u32 minqlen = ~0;
	u32 r, sfbhash;
	u32 slot = q->slot;
	int ret = NET_XMIT_SUCCESS | __NET_XMIT_BYPASS;

	if (unlikely(sch->q.qlen >= q->limit)) {
		qdisc_qstats_overlimit(sch);
		q->stats.queuedrop++;
		goto drop;
	}

	if (q->rehash_interval > 0) {
		unsigned long limit = q->rehash_time + q->rehash_interval;

		if (unlikely(time_after(jiffies, limit))) {
			sfb_swap_slot(q);
			q->rehash_time = jiffies;
		} else if (unlikely(!q->double_buffering && q->warmup_time > 0 &&
				    time_after(jiffies, limit - q->warmup_time))) {
			q->double_buffering = true;
		}
	}

	fl = rcu_dereference_bh(q->filter_list);
	if (fl) {
		u32 salt;

		/* If using external classifiers, get result and record it. */
		if (!sfb_classify(skb, fl, &ret, &salt))
			goto other_drop;
		sfbhash = jhash_1word(salt, q->bins[slot].perturbation);
	} else {
		sfbhash = skb_get_hash_perturb(skb, q->bins[slot].perturbation);
	}


	if (!sfbhash)
		sfbhash = 1;
	sfb_skb_cb(skb)->hashes[slot] = sfbhash;

	for (i = 0; i < SFB_LEVELS; i++) {
		u32 hash = sfbhash & SFB_BUCKET_MASK;
		struct sfb_bucket *b = &q->bins[slot].bins[i][hash];

		sfbhash >>= SFB_BUCKET_SHIFT;
		if (b->qlen == 0)
			decrement_prob(b, q);
		else if (b->qlen >= q->bin_size)
			increment_prob(b, q);
		if (minqlen > b->qlen)
			minqlen = b->qlen;
		if (p_min > b->p_mark)
			p_min = b->p_mark;
	}

	slot ^= 1;
	sfb_skb_cb(skb)->hashes[slot] = 0;

	if (unlikely(minqlen >= q->max)) {
		qdisc_qstats_overlimit(sch);
		q->stats.bucketdrop++;
		goto drop;
	}

	if (unlikely(p_min >= SFB_MAX_PROB)) {
		/* Inelastic flow */
		if (q->double_buffering) {
			sfbhash = skb_get_hash_perturb(skb,
			    q->bins[slot].perturbation);
			if (!sfbhash)
				sfbhash = 1;
			sfb_skb_cb(skb)->hashes[slot] = sfbhash;

			for (i = 0; i < SFB_LEVELS; i++) {
				u32 hash = sfbhash & SFB_BUCKET_MASK;
				struct sfb_bucket *b = &q->bins[slot].bins[i][hash];

				sfbhash >>= SFB_BUCKET_SHIFT;
				if (b->qlen == 0)
					decrement_prob(b, q);
				else if (b->qlen >= q->bin_size)
					increment_prob(b, q);
			}
		}
		if (sfb_rate_limit(skb, q)) {
			qdisc_qstats_overlimit(sch);
			q->stats.penaltydrop++;
			goto drop;
		}
		goto enqueue;
	}

	r = prandom_u32() & SFB_MAX_PROB;

	if (unlikely(r < p_min)) {
		if (unlikely(p_min > SFB_MAX_PROB / 2)) {
			/* If we're marking that many packets, then either
			 * this flow is unresponsive, or we're badly congested.
			 * In either case, we want to start dropping packets.
			 */
			if (r < (p_min - SFB_MAX_PROB / 2) * 2) {
				q->stats.earlydrop++;
				goto drop;
			}
		}
		if (INET_ECN_set_ce(skb)) {
			q->stats.marked++;
		} else {
			q->stats.earlydrop++;
			goto drop;
		}
	}

enqueue:
	ret = qdisc_enqueue(skb, child, to_free);
	if (likely(ret == NET_XMIT_SUCCESS)) {
		qdisc_qstats_backlog_inc(sch, skb);
		sch->q.qlen++;
		increment_qlen(skb, q);
	} else if (net_xmit_drop_count(ret)) {
		q->stats.childdrop++;
		qdisc_qstats_drop(sch);
	}
	return ret;

drop:
	qdisc_drop(skb, sch, to_free);
	return NET_XMIT_CN;
other_drop:
	if (ret & __NET_XMIT_BYPASS)
		qdisc_qstats_drop(sch);
	kfree_skb(skb);
	return ret;
}

static struct sk_buff *sfb_dequeue(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
	struct Qdisc *child = q->qdisc;
	struct sk_buff *skb;

	skb = child->dequeue(q->qdisc);

	if (skb) {
		qdisc_bstats_update(sch, skb);
		qdisc_qstats_backlog_dec(sch, skb);
		sch->q.qlen--;
		decrement_qlen(skb, q);
	}

	return skb;
}

static struct sk_buff *sfb_peek(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
	struct Qdisc *child = q->qdisc;

	return child->ops->peek(child);
}

/* No sfb_drop -- impossible since the child doesn't return the dropped skb. */

static void sfb_reset(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);

	qdisc_reset(q->qdisc);
	sch->qstats.backlog = 0;
	sch->q.qlen = 0;
	q->slot = 0;
	q->double_buffering = false;
	sfb_zero_all_buckets(q);
	sfb_init_perturbation(0, q);
}

static void sfb_destroy(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);

	tcf_block_put(q->block);
	qdisc_destroy(q->qdisc);
}

static const struct nla_policy sfb_policy[TCA_SFB_MAX + 1] = {
	[TCA_SFB_PARMS]	= { .len = sizeof(struct tc_sfb_qopt) },
};

static const struct tc_sfb_qopt sfb_default_ops = {
	.rehash_interval = 600 * MSEC_PER_SEC,
	.warmup_time = 60 * MSEC_PER_SEC,
	.limit = 0,
	.max = 25,
	.bin_size = 20,
	.increment = (SFB_MAX_PROB + 500) / 1000, /* 0.1 % */
	.decrement = (SFB_MAX_PROB + 3000) / 6000,
	.penalty_rate = 10,
	.penalty_burst = 20,
};

static int sfb_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
	struct Qdisc *child;
	struct nlattr *tb[TCA_SFB_MAX + 1];
	const struct tc_sfb_qopt *ctl = &sfb_default_ops;
	u32 limit;
	int err;

	if (opt) {
		err = nla_parse_nested(tb, TCA_SFB_MAX, opt, sfb_policy, NULL);
		if (err < 0)
			return -EINVAL;

		if (tb[TCA_SFB_PARMS] == NULL)
			return -EINVAL;

		ctl = nla_data(tb[TCA_SFB_PARMS]);
	}

	limit = ctl->limit;
	if (limit == 0)
		limit = qdisc_dev(sch)->tx_queue_len;

	child = fifo_create_dflt(sch, &pfifo_qdisc_ops, limit);
	if (IS_ERR(child))
		return PTR_ERR(child);

	if (child != &noop_qdisc)
		qdisc_hash_add(child, true);
	sch_tree_lock(sch);

	qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(q->qdisc, q->qdisc->q.qlen,
				  q->qdisc->qstats.backlog);
	qdisc_destroy(q->qdisc);
	q->qdisc = child;

	q->rehash_interval = msecs_to_jiffies(ctl->rehash_interval);
	q->warmup_time = msecs_to_jiffies(ctl->warmup_time);
	q->rehash_time = jiffies;
	q->limit = limit;
	q->increment = ctl->increment;
	q->decrement = ctl->decrement;
	q->max = ctl->max;
	q->bin_size = ctl->bin_size;
	q->penalty_rate = ctl->penalty_rate;
	q->penalty_burst = ctl->penalty_burst;
	q->tokens_avail = ctl->penalty_burst;
	q->token_time = jiffies;

	q->slot = 0;
	q->double_buffering = false;
	sfb_zero_all_buckets(q);
	sfb_init_perturbation(0, q);
	sfb_init_perturbation(1, q);

	sch_tree_unlock(sch);

	return 0;
}

static int sfb_init(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
	int err;

	err = tcf_block_get(&q->block, &q->filter_list, sch);
	if (err)
		return err;

	q->qdisc = &noop_qdisc;
	return sfb_change(sch, opt);
}

static int sfb_dump(struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
	struct nlattr *opts;
	struct tc_sfb_qopt opt = {
		.rehash_interval = jiffies_to_msecs(q->rehash_interval),
		.warmup_time = jiffies_to_msecs(q->warmup_time),
		.limit = q->limit,
		.max = q->max,
		.bin_size = q->bin_size,
		.increment = q->increment,
		.decrement = q->decrement,
		.penalty_rate = q->penalty_rate,
		.penalty_burst = q->penalty_burst,
	};

	sch->qstats.backlog = q->qdisc->qstats.backlog;
	opts = nla_nest_start(skb, TCA_OPTIONS);
	if (opts == NULL)
		goto nla_put_failure;
	if (nla_put(skb, TCA_SFB_PARMS, sizeof(opt), &opt))
		goto nla_put_failure;
	return nla_nest_end(skb, opts);

nla_put_failure:
	nla_nest_cancel(skb, opts);
	return -EMSGSIZE;
}

static int sfb_dump_stats(struct Qdisc *sch, struct gnet_dump *d)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
	struct tc_sfb_xstats st = {
		.earlydrop = q->stats.earlydrop,
		.penaltydrop = q->stats.penaltydrop,
		.bucketdrop = q->stats.bucketdrop,
		.queuedrop = q->stats.queuedrop,
		.childdrop = q->stats.childdrop,
		.marked = q->stats.marked,
	};

	st.maxqlen = sfb_compute_qlen(&st.maxprob, &st.avgprob, q);

	return gnet_stats_copy_app(d, &st, sizeof(st));
}

static int sfb_dump_class(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl,
			  struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcmsg *tcm)
{
	return -ENOSYS;
}

static int sfb_graft(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg, struct Qdisc *new,
		     struct Qdisc **old)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);

	if (new == NULL)
		new = &noop_qdisc;

	*old = qdisc_replace(sch, new, &q->qdisc);
	return 0;
}

static struct Qdisc *sfb_leaf(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);

	return q->qdisc;
}

static unsigned long sfb_find(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid)
{
	return 1;
}

static void sfb_unbind(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg)
{
}

static int sfb_change_class(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid, u32 parentid,
			    struct nlattr **tca, unsigned long *arg)
{
	return -ENOSYS;
}

static int sfb_delete(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl)
{
	return -ENOSYS;
}

static void sfb_walk(struct Qdisc *sch, struct qdisc_walker *walker)
{
	if (!walker->stop) {
		if (walker->count >= walker->skip)
			if (walker->fn(sch, 1, walker) < 0) {
				walker->stop = 1;
				return;
			}
		walker->count++;
	}
}

static struct tcf_block *sfb_tcf_block(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl)
{
	struct sfb_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);

	if (cl)
		return NULL;
	return q->block;
}

static unsigned long sfb_bind(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long parent,
			      u32 classid)
{
	return 0;
}


static const struct Qdisc_class_ops sfb_class_ops = {
	.graft		=	sfb_graft,
	.leaf		=	sfb_leaf,
	.find		=	sfb_find,
	.change		=	sfb_change_class,
	.delete		=	sfb_delete,
	.walk		=	sfb_walk,
	.tcf_block	=	sfb_tcf_block,
	.bind_tcf	=	sfb_bind,
	.unbind_tcf	=	sfb_unbind,
	.dump		=	sfb_dump_class,
};

static struct Qdisc_ops sfb_qdisc_ops __read_mostly = {
	.id		=	"sfb",
	.priv_size	=	sizeof(struct sfb_sched_data),
	.cl_ops		=	&sfb_class_ops,
	.enqueue	=	sfb_enqueue,
	.dequeue	=	sfb_dequeue,
	.peek		=	sfb_peek,
	.init		=	sfb_init,
	.reset		=	sfb_reset,
	.destroy	=	sfb_destroy,
	.change		=	sfb_change,
	.dump		=	sfb_dump,
	.dump_stats	=	sfb_dump_stats,
	.owner		=	THIS_MODULE,
};

static int __init sfb_module_init(void)
{
	return register_qdisc(&sfb_qdisc_ops);
}

static void __exit sfb_module_exit(void)
{
	unregister_qdisc(&sfb_qdisc_ops);
}

module_init(sfb_module_init)
module_exit(sfb_module_exit)

MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Stochastic Fair Blue queue discipline");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Juliusz Chroboczek");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Eric Dumazet");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");