FileLock.java

/*
 * Copyright 2001-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
 * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
 * have any questions.
 */

package java.nio.channels;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * A token representing a lock on a region of a file.
 *
 * <p> A file-lock object is created each time a lock is acquired on a file via
 * one of the {@link FileChannel#lock(long,long,boolean) lock} or {@link
 * FileChannel#tryLock(long,long,boolean) tryLock} methods of the
 * {@link FileChannel} class, or the {@link
 * AsynchronousFileChannel#lock(long,long,boolean,Object,CompletionHandler) lock}
 * or {@link AsynchronousFileChannel#tryLock(long,long,boolean) tryLock}
 * methods of the {@link AsynchronousFileChannel} class.
 *
 * <p> A file-lock object is initially valid.  It remains valid until the lock
 * is released by invoking the {@link #release release} method, by closing the
 * channel that was used to acquire it, or by the termination of the Java
 * virtual machine, whichever comes first.  The validity of a lock may be
 * tested by invoking its {@link #isValid isValid} method.
 *
 * <p> A file lock is either <i>exclusive</i> or <i>shared</i>.  A shared lock
 * prevents other concurrently-running programs from acquiring an overlapping
 * exclusive lock, but does allow them to acquire overlapping shared locks.  An
 * exclusive lock prevents other programs from acquiring an overlapping lock of
 * either type.  Once it is released, a lock has no further effect on the locks
 * that may be acquired by other programs.
 *
 * <p> Whether a lock is exclusive or shared may be determined by invoking its
 * {@link #isShared isShared} method.  Some platforms do not support shared
 * locks, in which case a request for a shared lock is automatically converted
 * into a request for an exclusive lock.
 *
 * <p> The locks held on a particular file by a single Java virtual machine do
 * not overlap.  The {@link #overlaps overlaps} method may be used to test
 * whether a candidate lock range overlaps an existing lock.
 *
 * <p> A file-lock object records the file channel upon whose file the lock is
 * held, the type and validity of the lock, and the position and size of the
 * locked region.  Only the validity of a lock is subject to change over time;
 * all other aspects of a lock's state are immutable.
 *
 * <p> File locks are held on behalf of the entire Java virtual machine.
 * They are not suitable for controlling access to a file by multiple
 * threads within the same virtual machine.
 *
 * <p> File-lock objects are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads.
 *
 *
 * <a name="pdep"><h4> Platform dependencies </h4></a>
 *
 * <p> This file-locking API is intended to map directly to the native locking
 * facility of the underlying operating system.  Thus the locks held on a file
 * should be visible to all programs that have access to the file, regardless
 * of the language in which those programs are written.
 *
 * <p> Whether or not a lock actually prevents another program from accessing
 * the content of the locked region is system-dependent and therefore
 * unspecified.  The native file-locking facilities of some systems are merely
 * <i>advisory</i>, meaning that programs must cooperatively observe a known
 * locking protocol in order to guarantee data integrity.  On other systems
 * native file locks are <i>mandatory</i>, meaning that if one program locks a
 * region of a file then other programs are actually prevented from accessing
 * that region in a way that would violate the lock.  On yet other systems,
 * whether native file locks are advisory or mandatory is configurable on a
 * per-file basis.  To ensure consistent and correct behavior across platforms,
 * it is strongly recommended that the locks provided by this API be used as if
 * they were advisory locks.
 *
 * <p> On some systems, acquiring a mandatory lock on a region of a file
 * prevents that region from being {@link java.nio.channels.FileChannel#map
 * <i>mapped into memory</i>}, and vice versa.  Programs that combine
 * locking and mapping should be prepared for this combination to fail.
 *
 * <p> On some systems, closing a channel releases all locks held by the Java
 * virtual machine on the underlying file regardless of whether the locks were
 * acquired via that channel or via another channel open on the same file.  It
 * is strongly recommended that, within a program, a unique channel be used to
 * acquire all locks on any given file.
 *
 * <p> Some network filesystems permit file locking to be used with
 * memory-mapped files only when the locked regions are page-aligned and a
 * whole multiple of the underlying hardware's page size.  Some network
 * filesystems do not implement file locks on regions that extend past a
 * certain position, often 2<sup>30</sup> or 2<sup>31</sup>.  In general, great
 * care should be taken when locking files that reside on network filesystems.
 *
 *
 * @author Mark Reinhold
 * @author JSR-51 Expert Group
 * @since 1.4
 * @updated 1.7
 */

public abstract class FileLock {

    private final Channel channel;
    private final long position;
    private final long size;
    private final boolean shared;

    /**
     * Initializes a new instance of this class.  </p>
     *
     * @param  channel
     *         The file channel upon whose file this lock is held
     *
     * @param  position
     *         The position within the file at which the locked region starts;
     *         must be non-negative
     *
     * @param  size
     *         The size of the locked region; must be non-negative, and the sum
     *         <tt>position</tt>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<tt>size</tt> must be non-negative
     *
     * @param  shared
     *         <tt>true</tt> if this lock is shared,
     *         <tt>false</tt> if it is exclusive
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *         If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
     */
    protected FileLock(FileChannel channel,
                       long position, long size, boolean shared)
    {
        if (position < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative position");
        if (size < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative size");
        if (position + size < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative position + size");
        this.channel = channel;
        this.position = position;
        this.size = size;
        this.shared = shared;
    }

    /**
     * {@note new} Initializes a new instance of this class.
     *
     * @param  channel
     *         The channel upon whose file this lock is held
     *
     * @param  position
     *         The position within the file at which the locked region starts;
     *         must be non-negative
     *
     * @param  size
     *         The size of the locked region; must be non-negative, and the sum
     *         <tt>position</tt>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<tt>size</tt> must be non-negative
     *
     * @param  shared
     *         <tt>true</tt> if this lock is shared,
     *         <tt>false</tt> if it is exclusive
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *         If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
     *
     * @since 1.7
     */
    protected FileLock(AsynchronousFileChannel channel,
                       long position, long size, boolean shared)
    {
        if (position < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative position");
        if (size < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative size");
        if (position + size < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative position + size");
        this.channel = channel;
        this.position = position;
        this.size = size;
        this.shared = shared;
    }

    /**
     * {@note revised}
     * Returns the file channel upon whose file this lock was acquired.
     *
     * <p> This method has been superseded by the {@link #acquiredBy acquiredBy}
     * method.
     *
     * @return  The file channel, or {@code null} if the file lock was not
     *          acquired by a file channel.
     */
    public final FileChannel channel() {
        return (channel instanceof FileChannel) ? (FileChannel)channel : null;
    }

    /**
     * {@note new}
     * Returns the channel upon whose file this lock was acquired.
     *
     * @return  The channel upon whose file this lock was acquired.
     *
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public Channel acquiredBy() {
        return channel;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the position within the file of the first byte of the locked
     * region.
     *
     * <p> A locked region need not be contained within, or even overlap, the
     * actual underlying file, so the value returned by this method may exceed
     * the file's current size.  </p>
     *
     * @return  The position
     */
    public final long position() {
        return position;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the size of the locked region in bytes.
     *
     * <p> A locked region need not be contained within, or even overlap, the
     * actual underlying file, so the value returned by this method may exceed
     * the file's current size.  </p>
     *
     * @return  The size of the locked region
     */
    public final long size() {
        return size;
    }

    /**
     * Tells whether this lock is shared.  </p>
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if lock is shared,
     *         <tt>false</tt> if it is exclusive
     */
    public final boolean isShared() {
        return shared;
    }

    /**
     * Tells whether or not this lock overlaps the given lock range.  </p>
     *
     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, this lock and the given lock
     *          range overlap by at least one byte
     */
    public final boolean overlaps(long position, long size) {
        if (position + size <= this.position)
            return false;               // That is below this
        if (this.position + this.size <= position)
            return false;               // This is below that
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Tells whether or not this lock is valid.
     *
     * <p> A lock object remains valid until it is released or the associated
     * file channel is closed, whichever comes first.  </p>
     *
     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, this lock is valid
     */
    public abstract boolean isValid();

    /**
     * Releases this lock.
     *
     * <p> If this lock object is valid then invoking this method releases the
     * lock and renders the object invalid.  If this lock object is invalid
     * then invoking this method has no effect.  </p>
     *
     * @throws  ClosedChannelException
     *          If the channel that was used to acquire this lock
     *          is no longer open
     *
     * @throws  IOException
     *          If an I/O error occurs
     */
    public abstract void release() throws IOException;

    /**
     * Returns a string describing the range, type, and validity of this lock.
     *
     * @return  A descriptive string
     */
    public final String toString() {
        return (this.getClass().getName()
                + "[" + position
                + ":" + size
                + " " + (shared ? "shared" : "exclusive")
                + " " + (isValid() ? "valid" : "invalid")
                + "]");
    }

}