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# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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#
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# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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# published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
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# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
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# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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#
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# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
# accompanied this code).
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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#
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# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
# questions.
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#
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# <pre>
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# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
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# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
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# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
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# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
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#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
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# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
#
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# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
#	     std  dst
#	     LMT	Local Mean Time
#	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
#	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
#	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
#	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran
#	4:00 GST	Gulf*
#	5:30 IST	India
#	7:00 ICT	Indochina*
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#	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
#	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
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#	8:00 CST	China
#	9:00 CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
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#	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
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#	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
#	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea
#	9:30 CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
#
# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.

# From Guy Harris:
# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
# Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.

###############################################################################

# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule RussiaAsia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	23:00	1:00	S
Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	23:00	0	-
Rule RussiaAsia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule RussiaAsia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule RussiaAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# Afghanistan
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
			4:00	-	AFT	1945
			4:30	-	AFT

# Armenia
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
# readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
# when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
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# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
# follow Russia's "old" rules.

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
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#
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# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
# or
# (brief)
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
			4:00	-	AMT	1997
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			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25 2:00s
			4:00	-	AMT
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# Azerbaijan
# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time
			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT

# Bahrain
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
			3:00	-	AST

# Bangladesh
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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
#
# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
# </a>
#
# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
# June
# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
# crippling power crisis. "
#
# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
#
# Some sources:
# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
# </a>
# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
# </a>
#
# Our wrap-up:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
# </a>

# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
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# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
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#
# No DST end date has been announced yet.

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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
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# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
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#
# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
# </a>

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
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# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
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# "continue for an indefinite period."
#
# One of many places where it is published:
# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
# </a>
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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
#
# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
# </a>
# and
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
# </a>
#
# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
# Minister's Office last night..."

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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
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# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
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# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
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# </a>

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# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S
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Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	23:59	0	-
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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
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			6:00	-	BDT	2009
			6:00	Dhaka	BD%sT
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# Bhutan
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time

# British Indian Ocean Territory
# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
# 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
			6:00	-	IOT

# Brunei
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
			7:30	-	BNT	1933
			8:00	-	BNT

# Burma / Myanmar
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# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.

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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
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			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
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			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time

# Cambodia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
			7:00	-	ICT

# China

# From Guy Harris:
# People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
#
# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
# painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
#
#     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
#     1987 mid-April - ??

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
# CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now.  I made up names for the other
# pre-1980 time zones.

# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D

# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
#
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
# boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.

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# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
# talking about China being in one time zone.  (That article was: Jim
# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05.  By the way, this
# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
#
# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
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# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
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# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
#
# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
# Shanks & Pottenger.
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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
			8:00	-	CST	1940
			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
			8:00	PRC	C%sT
# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
# most of China
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# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:57	-	LMT	1928
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			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
			8:00	PRC	C%sT
# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Chungking
			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
			8:00	PRC	C%sT
# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
# the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
			8:00	PRC	C%sT
# Kunlun Time
# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
# and Yarkand.
P
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446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508

# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
# they implicitly use Beijing time.
#
# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
#
# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
#
# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
# or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with
# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
# others moving their clocks ahead.)
#
# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
#
# The first few lines of the Google translation of
# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
# </a>
# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
# > 500 million yuan
# >
# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...

# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
#
# 1. Wulumuqi...
# 2. Kashi...
# 3. Urumqi...
# 4. Kashgar...
# ...
# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
#
# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
# start date for Xinjiang time.
#
# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)

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509 510 511 512 513
Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
			8:00	PRC	C%sT

P
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514

S
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515 516 517 518
# Hong Kong (Xianggang)

# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.

P
peytoia 已提交
519
# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
P
peytoia 已提交
520 521
# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
P
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522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538
# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
# obtained from
# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
# </a>.

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
# Here are the dates given at
# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
# </a>
# as of 2009-10-28:
# Year        Period
# 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
C
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539
# 1942        Whole year
P
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540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584
# 1943        Whole year
# 1944        Whole year
# 1945        Whole year
# 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
# 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
# 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
# 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
# 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
# 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
# 1952        6 Apr to 25 Oct
# 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
# 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
# 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
# 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
# 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
# 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
# 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
# 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
# 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
# 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
# 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
# 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
# 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
# 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
# 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
# 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
# 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
# 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
# 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
# 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
# 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
# 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
# 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
# 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
# 1977        Nil
# 1978        Nil
# 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
# 1980 to Now Nil
# The page does not give start or end times of day.
# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.

D
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585
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
P
peytoia 已提交
586 587
Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Apr	1	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Sep	30	3:30	0	-
D
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588 589 590 591 592
Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
P
peytoia 已提交
593 594
Rule	HK	1948	1951	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1952	only	-	Oct	25	3:30	0	-
D
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595 596 597 598 599
Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
P
peytoia 已提交
600 601
Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
P
peytoia 已提交
602 603 604
Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
D
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605
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
S
sherman 已提交
606
Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
P
peytoia 已提交
607 608
			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1941 Dec 25
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 15
D
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609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618
			8:00	HK	HK%sT

###############################################################################

# Taiwan

# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
# was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
# have any other information.

P
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619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628
# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
# According to Taiwan's CWB,
# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
# </a>
# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.

# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
# Decade 	                                                    Name                      Start and end date
C
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629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638
# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time               May 1 to September 30
# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952)                 Daylight Saving Time      March 1 to October 31
# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to October 31
# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years)            Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30
# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959)       Summer Time               April 1 to September 30
# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961)       Summer Time               June 1 to September 30
# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD)       Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30
# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD)       Stop Daylight Saving Time
# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979)                        Daylight Saving Time      July 1 to September 30
P
peytoia 已提交
639 640
# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980)                  Stop Daylight Saving Time

D
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641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
P
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651 652 653
Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S

D
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654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT

# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
			8:00	PRC	C%sT


###############################################################################

# Cyprus
S
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683 684 685
#
# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00.  Stick with LMT.
#
D
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686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.

# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia

# Georgia
# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
#
# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
#
# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
#
# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
# ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
# of integration into Europe.

# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
# about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992 # Georgia Time
			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
			4:00	-	GET

# East Timor

# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.

# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
# East Timor may be late for its millennium
# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
# conflicts with their way of life.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.

# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
# (2000-08-16)</a>:
# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
# midnight on Saturday, September 16.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
A
aefimov 已提交
782
			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17 00:00
D
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783 784 785 786
			9:00	-	TLT

# India
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
P
peytoia 已提交
787
Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
D
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788 789 790 791 792
			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
			5:30	-	IST
P
peytoia 已提交
793
# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
D
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794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818
#	Andaman Is
#	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
#	Nicobar Is

# Indonesia
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
# (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
# switched on 1945-09-23.
#
A
aefimov 已提交
819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831
# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
# when writing in English.  For example, see the English-language
# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
# The abbreviations are:
#
# WIB  - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
# WIT  - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
#
D
duke 已提交
832
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
A
aefimov 已提交
833
# Java, Sumatra
D
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834 835 836
Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
# but this must be a typo.
A
aefimov 已提交
837
			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
D
duke 已提交
838
			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
A
aefimov 已提交
839
			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Mar 23
D
duke 已提交
840
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
A
aefimov 已提交
841 842 843 844 845
			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
			7:30	-	WIB	1964
			7:00	-	WIB
# west and central Borneo
D
duke 已提交
846 847
Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
A
aefimov 已提交
848
			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Jan 29
D
duke 已提交
849
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
A
aefimov 已提交
850 851 852 853 854 855
			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
			7:30	-	WIB	1964
			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
			7:00	-	WIB
# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
D
duke 已提交
856 857
Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
A
aefimov 已提交
858
			8:00	-	WITA	1942 Feb  9
D
duke 已提交
859
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
A
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860 861
			8:00	-	WITA
# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
D
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862
Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
A
aefimov 已提交
863
			9:00	-	WIT	1944 Sep  1
D
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864
			9:30	-	CST	1964
A
aefimov 已提交
865
			9:00	-	WIT
D
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866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934

# Iran

# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
#
#	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
#	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
#
#	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
#
#	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
#	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
#	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
#	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
#	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
#	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
#
#	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
#	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
#	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
#	Shahrivar.
#
#	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
#
# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
# for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
#
# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
# leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
# plan to change that law....
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
# known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
# no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
#
# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
# daylight saving time ...
# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
#
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# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
#
D
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944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
			3:30	Iran	IR%sT


# Iraq
#
# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
#
# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
# to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
#
# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
# news sources (in Arabic):
# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
# </a>
#
# We have published a short article in English about the change:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
# </a>

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# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
#
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Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
D
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1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
			3:00	Iraq	A%sT


###############################################################################

# Israel

# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
#
# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
# different abbreviations in use:
#
# JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
# IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
#
# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
# I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
# EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
# settings in Israeli computers.
#
# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
# family is from India).

# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S

# From Ephraim Silverberg
# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
# and 2005-02-17):

# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
# days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
# time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
# conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
# 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S

# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.

# Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S

# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
# time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
#
#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
#
# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
#
# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
#
#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
#
#       where YYYY is the relevant year.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S

# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
# years 2001-2004 as well.
#
# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
#
#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
#
# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
#
#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S

# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
#
# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
#
#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps

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# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
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# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
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# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
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# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
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# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
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#
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# Rule	Zion	2005	2012	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
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#
# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
# springtime transitions explicitly.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2006	2010	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
C
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Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
D
duke 已提交
1253
Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
C
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1254

S
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1255 1256 1257 1258 1259
# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
# Time Decree Law.  The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
# in the Knesset.  The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
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#
S
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# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
# in March.  DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
S
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C
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# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Mar	Fri>=23	2:00	1:00	D
S
sherman 已提交
1266
Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
D
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1267 1268

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
S
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1269
Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
D
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1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366
			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
			2:00	Zion	I%sT



###############################################################################

# Japan

# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.

# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''

# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
# [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
# deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
# wanted to keep it.)

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases.  For now, assume
# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?

# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.

# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
# standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree....  But "western standard
# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
# standard....
#
# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.

# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki.  Guess that all
# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
			9:00	-	JST	1896
			9:00	-	CJT	1938
			9:00	Japan	J%sT
# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.

# Jordan
#
# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
# all year round.
#
# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
# by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
# government's departments from six to seven hours.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
#
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# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
# Jordan.
# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
# saving
# time on the last Thursday in March.
#
# Rule  Jordan      2000  max	-  Mar   lastThu     0:00s 1:00  S
#
# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
# Please see
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
# </a>

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
# </a>
#
# Google's translation:
#
# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
# > of the month of March of each year.
#
# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
# until about the same time next year (at least).
# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
# Official, in Arabic:
# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
# ... Our background/permalink about it
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
# ...
# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).

# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
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D
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1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
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Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
A
aefimov 已提交
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Rule	Jordan	2002	2012	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
D
duke 已提交
1448 1449 1450
Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
A
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Rule	Jordan	2006	2011	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Jordan	2013	only	-	Dec	20	0:00	0	-
Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
D
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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
A
aefimov 已提交
1457
			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
D
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1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775


# Kazakhstan

# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
#
# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.

# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
# </a>
# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
#
# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
# was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
# everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.

#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
#
# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
			5:00	-	ALMT	1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991
			6:00	-	ALMT	1992
			6:00 RussiaAsia	ALM%sT	2005 Mar 15
			6:00	-	ALMT
# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			4:00	-	KIZT	1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
			5:00	-	KIZT	1981 Apr  1
			5:00	1:00	KIZST	1981 Oct  1
			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
			6:00	-	QYZT
# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
			5:00	1:00	AKTST	1981 Oct  1
			6:00	-	AKTT	1982 Apr  1
			5:00 RussiaAsia	AKT%sT	1991
			5:00	-	AKTT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
			5:00	-	AQTT
# Mangghystau
# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
# so include time stamps before 1963.
Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
			4:00	-	FORT	1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
			5:00	-	FORT	1963
			5:00	-	SHET	1981 Oct  1 # Shevchenko Time
			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
			5:00	-	AQTT
# West Kazakhstan
Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
			4:00	-	URAT	1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00
			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
			5:00	-	ORAT

# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12    # Kyrgyzstan Time
			6:00	-	KGT

###############################################################################

# Korea (North and South)

# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
# the system may begin as early as 2008....  Korea ran a daylight
# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.

# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1890
			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
			9:00	-	KST	1928
			8:30	-	KST	1932
			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
			8:00	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
			8:30	-	KST	1968 Oct
			9:00	ROK	K%sT
Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
			9:00	-	KST	1928
			8:30	-	KST	1932
			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
			8:00	-	KST	1961 Aug 10
			9:00	-	KST

###############################################################################

# Kuwait
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
# so for now we assume no DST.
Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
			3:00	-	AST

# Laos
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9 # or Viangchan
			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
			7:00	-	ICT

# Lebanon
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT

# Malaysia
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
#
# peninsular Malaysia
# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
# Sabah & Sarawak
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
			8:00	-	MYT

# Maldives
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960	# Male Mean Time
			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time

# Mongolia

# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
# both say that it has just one.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
# General Information Mongolia
# </a> (1999-09)
# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
# eight hours."

# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
# being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
# of implementation may have been different....
# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.

# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
# is good enough for our purposes.

# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
# there are three time zones.
#
# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
#	Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
#
# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]

# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
# He also found
# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.

# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742

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# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
# database on this, e.g.:
#
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
# </a>
#
# both say GMT+08:00.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
# schedule here:
# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
# </a>
# (click the English flag for English)
#
# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).

# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
# this is almost surely wrong.

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# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
#
# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
# the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.

Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
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			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
			8:00	Mongol	CHO%sT
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# Nepal
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
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Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
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			5:30	-	IST	1986
			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time

# Oman
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# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.

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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
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Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
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			4:00	-	GST

# Pakistan

# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.

# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
# 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
# it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
#
# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
#
# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.

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# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
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1902 1903
#
# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
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1904
# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
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1905 1906 1907 1908
#
# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
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# ...."
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1910
#
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# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
# </a>
# OR
# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
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1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
# instead of August 31.
#
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
# </a>
# OR
# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
# </a>

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1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
# official working."
# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
# </a>
#
# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
#
# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
# April 08, 2009
# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
# </a>
#
# or
#
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
# </a>
#
# ....
# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
# conserve energy"

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
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# this regard."
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# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
# </a>

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
# 1, 2009.
#
# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
# </a>

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
# > 1, 2009.
#
# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
# </a>
# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
# Monday."
#
# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
#
# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
# </a>

# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
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2017

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2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
# >
# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
#
# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
# </a>
#
# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
# </a>

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# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
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Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
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Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
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2044 2045 2046
Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-

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2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time

# Palestine

# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
#
# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
#
# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
# time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
# though.
#
# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
# Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
# East Jerusalem.
#
# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
# for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
#
# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
# Jordanian one).
#
# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
#
# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
# Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
# West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
# Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
#
# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
# have one).

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
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# to Palestine's rules.
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# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
#
# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
# one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.

# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
# Daoud Kuttab writes in
# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
# Holiday havoc
# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
# the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
# the West Bank.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
# > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
# because of the Ramadan.

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.

# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
# surprised if they agreed about DST.  But for now, assume they agree.
# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.

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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
#
# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
#
# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
# </a>

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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
#
# (in Arabic)
# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
# </a>
#
# or
# (English translation)
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
# </a>

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
#
# One news source:
# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
# </a>
# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
#
# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
# end date, we will keep this page updated:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
# </a>

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
#
# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
#
# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
# (from Palestinian National Authority):
# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
# </a>

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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
#
# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
# </a>
# (in Arabic)
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
# </a>

# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
# noon though:
#
# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
# </a>
# (Ma'an News Agency)
# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
# According to several sources, including
# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
# </a>
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# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
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# Gaza and the West Bank.
# Some more background info:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
# </a>

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
# Ramadan.
#
# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
# </a>
# Additional info:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
# </a>

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
# ...
# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
# </a>
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# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
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# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
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# 00:00).
# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
#
# Many sources, including:
# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
# </a>

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
# Some of many sources in Arabic:
# <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638">
# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
# </a>
#
# <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html">
# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
# </a>
#
# Our brief summary:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
# </a>

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
# official source...:
# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252

# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
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# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
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# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00.  This is consistent with
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# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364
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# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-

Rule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
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Rule Palestine	2006	2007	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
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Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
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Rule Palestine	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=8	2:00	0	-
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Rule Palestine	2008	2009	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
Rule Palestine	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Sep	Fri>=1	1:00	0	-
Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
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Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
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Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	0:01	1:00	S
Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
Rule Palestine	2012	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
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Rule Palestine	2012	only	-	Sep	21	1:00	0	-
Rule Palestine	2013	max	-	Sep	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
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			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29 0:00
			2:00	-	EET	2008 Sep
			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2010
			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27 0:01
			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Aug  1
			2:00	-	EET	2012
			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
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Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
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			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
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# Paracel Is
# no information

# Philippines
# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01.  Robert H. van Gent has a
# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
# rainy season begins.  See
# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
#
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
# but no details]

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
			8:00	Phil	PH%sT

# Qatar
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920	# Al Dawhah / Doha
			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
			3:00	-	AST

# Saudi Arabia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
			3:00	-	AST

# Singapore
# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
			8:00	-	SGT

# Spratly Is
# no information

# Sri Lanka
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# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898.  Prior to this Colombo
# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used."  But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
# Shanks and Pottenger.

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# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
#
# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
# by Shamindra in
# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
# </a>:
# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).

# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
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# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
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# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.

# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
#
# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
#
# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
# item....
#
# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
# adminsitrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
#
# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
# (that we have not known so far) then  it is better that it be used for
# all computers.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
# and then see what people actually say in practice.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906	# Moratuwa Mean Time
			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26 0:30
			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15 0:30
			5:30	-	IST

# Syria
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	1999	2006	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
# this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
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Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
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# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
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# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
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#
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
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#
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# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
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#
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# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
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#
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# which using Google's translate tools says:
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# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
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# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-

# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
# are now using:
# Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
# Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
# Variation
# Syrian Arab
# Republic    SY    +0200      2200  03APR08       2100  30SEP08   +0300
#                              2200  02APR09       2100  30SEP09   +0300
#                              2200  01APR10       2100  30SEP10   +0300

# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
# Agency (SANA)...
# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.

# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
# compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
#
# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
# clocks back 60 minutes).
#
# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
# </a>

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
# two examples:
#
# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
# </a>
# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
# </a>
# (Arabic, gov-site)
#
# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
#
# Our summary
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
# </a>

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
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# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
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# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
# </a>

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# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
#
# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
# </a>
#
# Our brief summary:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.

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Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
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Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
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Rule	Syria	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
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Rule	Syria	2010	2011	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
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Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
			2:00	Syria	EE%sT

# Tajikistan
# From Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time

# Thailand
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
			7:00	-	ICT

# Turkmenistan
# From Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
			5:00	-	TMT

# United Arab Emirates
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
			4:00	-	GST

# Uzbekistan
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
			6:00	-	TAST	1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
			5:00	-	UZT
Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
			5:00	-	UZT

# Vietnam

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# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
# from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
# and Pottenger.

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# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
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# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
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Zone	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
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			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
			7:00	-	ICT

# Yemen
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# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.

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# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
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Zone	Asia/Aden	2:59:54	-	LMT	1950
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			3:00	-	AST