IOUtils.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2009, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

/**
 * IOUtils: A collection of IO-related public static methods.
 */

package sun.misc;

import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;

public class IOUtils {

    private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;

    /**
     * The maximum size of array to allocate.
     * Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
     * Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
     * OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
     */
    private static final int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

    /**
     * Read exactly {@code length} of bytes from {@code in}.
     *
     * <p> Note that this method is safe to be called with unknown large
     * {@code length} argument. The memory used is proportional to the
     * actual bytes available. An exception is thrown if there are not
     * enough bytes in the stream.
     *
     * @param is input stream, must not be null
     * @param length number of bytes to read
     * @return bytes read
     * @throws EOFException if there are not enough bytes in the stream
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs or {@code length} is negative
     * @throws OutOfMemoryError if an array of the required size cannot be
     *         allocated.
     */
    public static byte[] readExactlyNBytes(InputStream is, int length)
            throws IOException {
        if (length < 0) {
            throw new IOException("length cannot be negative: " + length);
        }
        byte[] data = readNBytes(is, length);
        if (data.length < length) {
            throw new EOFException();
        }
        return data;
    }

    /**
     * Reads all remaining bytes from the input stream. This method blocks until
     * all remaining bytes have been read and end of stream is detected, or an
     * exception is thrown. This method does not close the input stream.
     *
     * <p> When this stream reaches end of stream, further invocations of this
     * method will return an empty byte array.
     *
     * <p> Note that this method is intended for simple cases where it is
     * convenient to read all bytes into a byte array. It is not intended for
     * reading input streams with large amounts of data.
     *
     * <p> The behavior for the case where the input stream is <i>asynchronously
     * closed</i>, or the thread interrupted during the read, is highly input
     * stream specific, and therefore not specified.
     *
     * <p> If an I/O error occurs reading from the input stream, then it may do
     * so after some, but not all, bytes have been read. Consequently the input
     * stream may not be at end of stream and may be in an inconsistent state.
     * It is strongly recommended that the stream be promptly closed if an I/O
     * error occurs.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * This method invokes {@link #readNBytes(int)} with a length of
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
     *
     * @param is input stream, must not be null
     * @return a byte array containing the bytes read from this input stream
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @throws OutOfMemoryError if an array of the required size cannot be
     *         allocated.
     *
     * @since 1.9
     */
    public static byte[] readAllBytes(InputStream is) throws IOException {
        return readNBytes(is, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * Reads up to a specified number of bytes from the input stream. This
     * method blocks until the requested number of bytes have been read, end
     * of stream is detected, or an exception is thrown. This method does not
     * close the input stream.
     *
     * <p> The length of the returned array equals the number of bytes read
     * from the stream. If {@code len} is zero, then no bytes are read and
     * an empty byte array is returned. Otherwise, up to {@code len} bytes
     * are read from the stream. Fewer than {@code len} bytes may be read if
     * end of stream is encountered.
     *
     * <p> When this stream reaches end of stream, further invocations of this
     * method will return an empty byte array.
     *
     * <p> Note that this method is intended for simple cases where it is
     * convenient to read the specified number of bytes into a byte array. The
     * total amount of memory allocated by this method is proportional to the
     * number of bytes read from the stream which is bounded by {@code len}.
     * Therefore, the method may be safely called with very large values of
     * {@code len} provided sufficient memory is available.
     *
     * <p> The behavior for the case where the input stream is <i>asynchronously
     * closed</i>, or the thread interrupted during the read, is highly input
     * stream specific, and therefore not specified.
     *
     * <p> If an I/O error occurs reading from the input stream, then it may do
     * so after some, but not all, bytes have been read. Consequently the input
     * stream may not be at end of stream and may be in an inconsistent state.
     * It is strongly recommended that the stream be promptly closed if an I/O
     * error occurs.
     *
     * @implNote
     * The number of bytes allocated to read data from this stream and return
     * the result is bounded by {@code 2*(long)len}, inclusive.
     *
     * @param is input stream, must not be null
     * @param len the maximum number of bytes to read
     * @return a byte array containing the bytes read from this input stream
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code length} is negative
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @throws OutOfMemoryError if an array of the required size cannot be
     *         allocated.
     *
     * @since 11
     */
    public static byte[] readNBytes(InputStream is, int len) throws IOException {
        if (len < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("len < 0");
        }

        List<byte[]> bufs = null;
        byte[] result = null;
        int total = 0;
        int remaining = len;
        int n;
        do {
            byte[] buf = new byte[Math.min(remaining, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)];
            int nread = 0;

            // read to EOF which may read more or less than buffer size
            while ((n = is.read(buf, nread,
                    Math.min(buf.length - nread, remaining))) > 0) {
                nread += n;
                remaining -= n;
            }

            if (nread > 0) {
                if (MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - total < nread) {
                    throw new OutOfMemoryError("Required array size too large");
                }
                total += nread;
                if (result == null) {
                    result = buf;
                } else {
                    if (bufs == null) {
                        bufs = new ArrayList<>();
                        bufs.add(result);
                    }
                    bufs.add(buf);
                }
            }
            // if the last call to read returned -1 or the number of bytes
            // requested have been read then break
        } while (n >= 0 && remaining > 0);

        if (bufs == null) {
            if (result == null) {
                return new byte[0];
            }
            return result.length == total ?
                result : Arrays.copyOf(result, total);
        }

        result = new byte[total];
        int offset = 0;
        remaining = total;
        for (byte[] b : bufs) {
            int count = Math.min(b.length, remaining);
            System.arraycopy(b, 0, result, offset, count);
            offset += count;
            remaining -= count;
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Reads the requested number of bytes from the input stream into the given
     * byte array. This method blocks until {@code len} bytes of input data have
     * been read, end of stream is detected, or an exception is thrown. The
     * number of bytes actually read, possibly zero, is returned. This method
     * does not close the input stream.
     *
     * <p> In the case where end of stream is reached before {@code len} bytes
     * have been read, then the actual number of bytes read will be returned.
     * When this stream reaches end of stream, further invocations of this
     * method will return zero.
     *
     * <p> If {@code len} is zero, then no bytes are read and {@code 0} is
     * returned; otherwise, there is an attempt to read up to {@code len} bytes.
     *
     * <p> The first byte read is stored into element {@code b[off]}, the next
     * one in to {@code b[off+1]}, and so on. The number of bytes read is, at
     * most, equal to {@code len}. Let <i>k</i> be the number of bytes actually
     * read; these bytes will be stored in elements {@code b[off]} through
     * {@code b[off+}<i>k</i>{@code -1]}, leaving elements {@code b[off+}<i>k</i>
     * {@code ]} through {@code b[off+len-1]} unaffected.
     *
     * <p> The behavior for the case where the input stream is <i>asynchronously
     * closed</i>, or the thread interrupted during the read, is highly input
     * stream specific, and therefore not specified.
     *
     * <p> If an I/O error occurs reading from the input stream, then it may do
     * so after some, but not all, bytes of {@code b} have been updated with
     * data from the input stream. Consequently the input stream and {@code b}
     * may be in an inconsistent state. It is strongly recommended that the
     * stream be promptly closed if an I/O error occurs.
     *
     * @param  is input stream, must not be null
     * @param  b the byte array into which the data is read
     * @param  off the start offset in {@code b} at which the data is written
     * @param  len the maximum number of bytes to read
     * @return the actual number of bytes read into the buffer
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code b} is {@code null}
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException If {@code off} is negative, {@code len}
     *         is negative, or {@code len} is greater than {@code b.length - off}
     *
     * @since 1.9
     */
    public static int readNBytes(InputStream is, byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(b);
        if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        int n = 0;
        while (n < len) {
            int count = is.read(b, off + n, len - n);
            if (count < 0)
                break;
            n += count;
        }
        return n;
    }

}