whitebox.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"

#include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
#include "memory/universe.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"

#include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
#include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"

#include "prims/whitebox.hpp"
#include "prims/wbtestmethods/parserTests.hpp"

#include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"
#include "runtime/os.hpp"
#include "utilities/array.hpp"
#include "utilities/debug.hpp"
#include "utilities/macros.hpp"
#include "utilities/exceptions.hpp"

#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
#include "gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.inline.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/g1/concurrentMark.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegionRemSet.hpp"
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS

#if INCLUDE_NMT
#include "services/mallocSiteTable.hpp"
#include "services/memTracker.hpp"
#include "utilities/nativeCallStack.hpp"
#endif // INCLUDE_NMT

#include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
#include "runtime/compilationPolicy.hpp"

PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC

#define SIZE_T_MAX_VALUE ((size_t) -1)

bool WhiteBox::_used = false;

WB_ENTRY(jlong, WB_GetObjectAddress(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject obj))
  return (jlong)(void*)JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jint, WB_GetHeapOopSize(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  return heapOopSize;
WB_END


class WBIsKlassAliveClosure : public KlassClosure {
    Symbol* _name;
    bool _found;
public:
    WBIsKlassAliveClosure(Symbol* name) : _name(name), _found(false) {}

    void do_klass(Klass* k) {
      if (_found) return;
      Symbol* ksym = k->name();
      if (ksym->fast_compare(_name) == 0) {
        _found = true;
      }
    }

    bool found() const {
        return _found;
    }
};

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_IsClassAlive(JNIEnv* env, jobject target, jstring name))
  Handle h_name = JNIHandles::resolve(name);
  if (h_name.is_null()) return false;
  Symbol* sym = java_lang_String::as_symbol(h_name, CHECK_false);
  TempNewSymbol tsym(sym); // Make sure to decrement reference count on sym on return

  WBIsKlassAliveClosure closure(sym);
  ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&closure);

  return closure.found();
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jlong, WB_GetCompressedOopsMaxHeapSize(JNIEnv* env, jobject o)) {
  return (jlong)Arguments::max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
}
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_PrintHeapSizes(JNIEnv* env, jobject o)) {
  CollectorPolicy * p = Universe::heap()->collector_policy();
  gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Minimum heap "SIZE_FORMAT" Initial heap "
    SIZE_FORMAT" Maximum heap "SIZE_FORMAT" Min alignment "SIZE_FORMAT" Max alignment "SIZE_FORMAT,
    p->min_heap_byte_size(), p->initial_heap_byte_size(), p->max_heap_byte_size(),
    p->space_alignment(), p->heap_alignment());
}
WB_END

#ifndef PRODUCT
// Forward declaration
void TestReservedSpace_test();
void TestReserveMemorySpecial_test();
void TestVirtualSpace_test();
void TestMetaspaceAux_test();
#endif

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_RunMemoryUnitTests(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
#ifndef PRODUCT
  TestReservedSpace_test();
  TestReserveMemorySpecial_test();
  TestVirtualSpace_test();
  TestMetaspaceAux_test();
#endif
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_ReadFromNoaccessArea(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  size_t granularity = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
  ReservedHeapSpace rhs(100 * granularity, granularity, false, NULL);
  VirtualSpace vs;
  vs.initialize(rhs, 50 * granularity);

  //Check if constraints are complied
  if (!( UseCompressedOops && rhs.base() != NULL &&
         Universe::narrow_oop_base() != NULL &&
         Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks() )) {
    tty->print_cr("WB_ReadFromNoaccessArea method is useless:\n "
                  "\tUseCompressedOops is %d\n"
                  "\trhs.base() is "PTR_FORMAT"\n"
                  "\tUniverse::narrow_oop_base() is "PTR_FORMAT"\n"
                  "\tUniverse::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks() is %d",
                  UseCompressedOops,
                  rhs.base(),
                  Universe::narrow_oop_base(),
                  Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks());
    return;
  }
  tty->print_cr("Reading from no access area... ");
  tty->print_cr("*(vs.low_boundary() - rhs.noaccess_prefix() / 2 ) = %c",
                *(vs.low_boundary() - rhs.noaccess_prefix() / 2 ));
WB_END

static jint wb_stress_virtual_space_resize(size_t reserved_space_size,
                                           size_t magnitude, size_t iterations) {
  size_t granularity = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
  ReservedHeapSpace rhs(reserved_space_size * granularity, granularity, false, NULL);
  VirtualSpace vs;
  if (!vs.initialize(rhs, 0)) {
    tty->print_cr("Failed to initialize VirtualSpace. Can't proceed.");
    return 3;
  }

  long seed = os::random();
  tty->print_cr("Random seed is %ld", seed);
  os::init_random(seed);

  for (size_t i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {

    // Whether we will shrink or grow
    bool shrink = os::random() % 2L == 0;

    // Get random delta to resize virtual space
    size_t delta = (size_t)os::random() % magnitude;

    // If we are about to shrink virtual space below zero, then expand instead
    if (shrink && vs.committed_size() < delta) {
      shrink = false;
    }

    // Resizing by delta
    if (shrink) {
      vs.shrink_by(delta);
    } else {
      // If expanding fails expand_by will silently return false
      vs.expand_by(delta, true);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

WB_ENTRY(jint, WB_StressVirtualSpaceResize(JNIEnv* env, jobject o,
        jlong reserved_space_size, jlong magnitude, jlong iterations))
  tty->print_cr("reservedSpaceSize="JLONG_FORMAT", magnitude="JLONG_FORMAT", "
                "iterations="JLONG_FORMAT"\n", reserved_space_size, magnitude,
                iterations);
  if (reserved_space_size < 0 || magnitude < 0 || iterations < 0) {
    tty->print_cr("One of variables printed above is negative. Can't proceed.\n");
    return 1;
  }

  // sizeof(size_t) depends on whether OS is 32bit or 64bit. sizeof(jlong) is
  // always 8 byte. That's why we should avoid overflow in case of 32bit platform.
  if (sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(jlong)) {
    jlong size_t_max_value = (jlong) SIZE_T_MAX_VALUE;
    if (reserved_space_size > size_t_max_value || magnitude > size_t_max_value
        || iterations > size_t_max_value) {
      tty->print_cr("One of variables printed above overflows size_t. Can't proceed.\n");
      return 2;
    }
  }

  return wb_stress_virtual_space_resize((size_t) reserved_space_size,
                                        (size_t) magnitude, (size_t) iterations);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_isObjectInOldGen(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject obj))
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  if (UseG1GC) {
    G1CollectedHeap* g1 = G1CollectedHeap::heap();
    const HeapRegion* hr = g1->heap_region_containing(p);
    if (hr == NULL) {
      return false;
    }
    return !(hr->is_young());
  } else if (UseParallelGC) {
    ParallelScavengeHeap* psh = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();
    return !psh->is_in_young(p);
  }
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  return !gch->is_in_young(p);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jlong, WB_GetObjectSize(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject obj))
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  return p->size() * HeapWordSize;
WB_END

#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_G1IsHumongous(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject obj))
  G1CollectedHeap* g1 = G1CollectedHeap::heap();
  oop result = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  const HeapRegion* hr = g1->heap_region_containing(result);
  return hr->isHumongous();
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jlong, WB_G1NumFreeRegions(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  G1CollectedHeap* g1 = G1CollectedHeap::heap();
  size_t nr = g1->num_free_regions();
  return (jlong)nr;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_G1InConcurrentMark(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  G1CollectedHeap* g1 = G1CollectedHeap::heap();
  ConcurrentMark* cm = g1->concurrent_mark();
  return cm->concurrent_marking_in_progress();
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jint, WB_G1RegionSize(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  return (jint)HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
WB_END
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS

#if INCLUDE_NMT
// Alloc memory using the test memory type so that we can use that to see if
// NMT picks it up correctly
WB_ENTRY(jlong, WB_NMTMalloc(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jlong size))
  jlong addr = 0;
    addr = (jlong)(uintptr_t)os::malloc(size, mtTest);
  return addr;
WB_END

// Alloc memory with pseudo call stack. The test can create psudo malloc
// allocation site to stress the malloc tracking.
WB_ENTRY(jlong, WB_NMTMallocWithPseudoStack(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jlong size, jint pseudo_stack))
  address pc = (address)(size_t)pseudo_stack;
  NativeCallStack stack(&pc, 1);
  return (jlong)os::malloc(size, mtTest, stack);
WB_END

// Free the memory allocated by NMTAllocTest
WB_ENTRY(void, WB_NMTFree(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jlong mem))
  os::free((void*)(uintptr_t)mem, mtTest);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jlong, WB_NMTReserveMemory(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jlong size))
  jlong addr = 0;

    addr = (jlong)(uintptr_t)os::reserve_memory(size);
    MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_type((address)addr, mtTest);

  return addr;
WB_END


WB_ENTRY(void, WB_NMTCommitMemory(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jlong addr, jlong size))
  os::commit_memory((char *)(uintptr_t)addr, size, !ExecMem);
  MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_type((address)(uintptr_t)addr, mtTest);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_NMTUncommitMemory(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jlong addr, jlong size))
  os::uncommit_memory((char *)(uintptr_t)addr, size);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_NMTReleaseMemory(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jlong addr, jlong size))
  os::release_memory((char *)(uintptr_t)addr, size);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_NMTIsDetailSupported(JNIEnv* env))
  return MemTracker::tracking_level() == NMT_detail;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_NMTOverflowHashBucket(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jlong num))
  address pc = (address)1;
  for (jlong index = 0; index < num; index ++) {
    NativeCallStack stack(&pc, 1);
    os::malloc(0, mtTest, stack);
    pc += MallocSiteTable::hash_buckets();
  }
WB_END


#endif // INCLUDE_NMT

static jmethodID reflected_method_to_jmid(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, jobject method) {
  assert(method != NULL, "method should not be null");
  ThreadToNativeFromVM ttn(thread);
  return env->FromReflectedMethod(method);
}

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_DeoptimizeAll(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  MutexLockerEx mu(Compile_lock);
  CodeCache::mark_all_nmethods_for_deoptimization();
  VM_Deoptimize op;
  VMThread::execute(&op);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jint, WB_DeoptimizeMethod(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jboolean is_osr))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  int result = 0;
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, result);
  MutexLockerEx mu(Compile_lock);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  nmethod* code;
  if (is_osr) {
    int bci = InvocationEntryBci;
    while ((code = mh->lookup_osr_nmethod_for(bci, CompLevel_none, false)) != NULL) {
      code->mark_for_deoptimization();
      ++result;
      bci = code->osr_entry_bci() + 1;
    }
  } else {
    code = mh->code();
  }
  if (code != NULL) {
    code->mark_for_deoptimization();
    ++result;
  }
  result += CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(mh());
  if (result > 0) {
    VM_Deoptimize op;
    VMThread::execute(&op);
  }
  return result;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_IsMethodCompiled(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jboolean is_osr))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, JNI_FALSE);
  MutexLockerEx mu(Compile_lock);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  nmethod* code = is_osr ? mh->lookup_osr_nmethod_for(InvocationEntryBci, CompLevel_none, false) : mh->code();
  if (code == NULL) {
    return JNI_FALSE;
  }
  return (code->is_alive() && !code->is_marked_for_deoptimization());
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_IsMethodCompilable(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jint comp_level, jboolean is_osr))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, JNI_FALSE);
  MutexLockerEx mu(Compile_lock);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  if (is_osr) {
    return CompilationPolicy::can_be_osr_compiled(mh, comp_level);
  } else {
    return CompilationPolicy::can_be_compiled(mh, comp_level);
  }
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_IsMethodQueuedForCompilation(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, JNI_FALSE);
  MutexLockerEx mu(Compile_lock);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  return mh->queued_for_compilation();
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jint, WB_GetMethodCompilationLevel(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jboolean is_osr))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, CompLevel_none);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  nmethod* code = is_osr ? mh->lookup_osr_nmethod_for(InvocationEntryBci, CompLevel_none, false) : mh->code();
  return (code != NULL ? code->comp_level() : CompLevel_none);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_MakeMethodNotCompilable(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jint comp_level, jboolean is_osr))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION(env);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  if (is_osr) {
    mh->set_not_osr_compilable(comp_level, true /* report */, "WhiteBox");
  } else {
    mh->set_not_compilable(comp_level, true /* report */, "WhiteBox");
  }
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jint, WB_GetMethodEntryBci(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, InvocationEntryBci);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  nmethod* code = mh->lookup_osr_nmethod_for(InvocationEntryBci, CompLevel_none, false);
  return (code != NULL && code->is_osr_method() ? code->osr_entry_bci() : InvocationEntryBci);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_TestSetDontInlineMethod(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jboolean value))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, JNI_FALSE);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  bool result = mh->dont_inline();
  mh->set_dont_inline(value == JNI_TRUE);
  return result;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jint, WB_GetCompileQueueSize(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jint comp_level))
  if (comp_level == CompLevel_any) {
    return CompileBroker::queue_size(CompLevel_full_optimization) /* C2 */ +
        CompileBroker::queue_size(CompLevel_full_profile) /* C1 */;
  } else {
    return CompileBroker::queue_size(comp_level);
  }
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_TestSetForceInlineMethod(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jboolean value))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, JNI_FALSE);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  bool result = mh->force_inline();
  mh->set_force_inline(value == JNI_TRUE);
  return result;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_EnqueueMethodForCompilation(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jint comp_level, jint bci))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, JNI_FALSE);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  nmethod* nm = CompileBroker::compile_method(mh, bci, comp_level, mh, mh->invocation_count(), "WhiteBox", THREAD);
  MutexLockerEx mu(Compile_lock);
  return (mh->queued_for_compilation() || nm != NULL);
WB_END

class VM_WhiteBoxOperation : public VM_Operation {
 public:
  VM_WhiteBoxOperation()                         { }
  VMOp_Type type()                  const        { return VMOp_WhiteBoxOperation; }
  bool allow_nested_vm_operations() const        { return true; }
};

class AlwaysFalseClosure : public BoolObjectClosure {
 public:
  bool do_object_b(oop p) { return false; }
};

static AlwaysFalseClosure always_false;

class VM_WhiteBoxCleanMethodData : public VM_WhiteBoxOperation {
 public:
  VM_WhiteBoxCleanMethodData(MethodData* mdo) : _mdo(mdo) { }
  void doit() {
    _mdo->clean_method_data(&always_false);
  }
 private:
  MethodData* _mdo;
};

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_ClearMethodState(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method))
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION(env);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  MutexLockerEx mu(Compile_lock);
  MethodData* mdo = mh->method_data();
  MethodCounters* mcs = mh->method_counters();

  if (mdo != NULL) {
    mdo->init();
    ResourceMark rm;
    int arg_count = mdo->method()->size_of_parameters();
    for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++) {
      mdo->set_arg_modified(i, 0);
    }
    VM_WhiteBoxCleanMethodData op(mdo);
    VMThread::execute(&op);
  }

  mh->clear_not_c1_compilable();
  mh->clear_not_c2_compilable();
  mh->clear_not_c2_osr_compilable();
  NOT_PRODUCT(mh->set_compiled_invocation_count(0));
  if (mcs != NULL) {
    mcs->backedge_counter()->init();
    mcs->invocation_counter()->init();
    mcs->set_interpreter_invocation_count(0);
    mcs->set_interpreter_throwout_count(0);

#ifdef TIERED
    mcs->set_rate(0.0F);
    mh->set_prev_event_count(0, THREAD);
    mh->set_prev_time(0, THREAD);
#endif
  }
WB_END

template <typename T>
static bool GetVMFlag(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, jstring name, T* value, bool (*TAt)(const char*, T*)) {
  if (name == NULL) {
    return false;
  }
  ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
  const char* flag_name = env->GetStringUTFChars(name, NULL);
  bool result = (*TAt)(flag_name, value);
  env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(name, flag_name);
  return result;
}

template <typename T>
static bool SetVMFlag(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, jstring name, T* value, bool (*TAtPut)(const char*, T*, Flag::Flags)) {
  if (name == NULL) {
    return false;
  }
  ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
  const char* flag_name = env->GetStringUTFChars(name, NULL);
  bool result = (*TAtPut)(flag_name, value, Flag::INTERNAL);
  env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(name, flag_name);
  return result;
}

template <typename T>
static jobject box(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, Symbol* name, Symbol* sig, T value) {
  ResourceMark rm(thread);
  jclass clazz = env->FindClass(name->as_C_string());
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);
  jmethodID methodID = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz,
        vmSymbols::valueOf_name()->as_C_string(),
        sig->as_C_string());
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);
  jobject result = env->CallStaticObjectMethod(clazz, methodID, value);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);
  return result;
}

static jobject booleanBox(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, jboolean value) {
  return box(thread, env, vmSymbols::java_lang_Boolean(), vmSymbols::Boolean_valueOf_signature(), value);
}
static jobject integerBox(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, jint value) {
  return box(thread, env, vmSymbols::java_lang_Integer(), vmSymbols::Integer_valueOf_signature(), value);
}
static jobject longBox(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, jlong value) {
  return box(thread, env, vmSymbols::java_lang_Long(), vmSymbols::Long_valueOf_signature(), value);
}
/* static jobject floatBox(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, jfloat value) {
  return box(thread, env, vmSymbols::java_lang_Float(), vmSymbols::Float_valueOf_signature(), value);
}*/
static jobject doubleBox(JavaThread* thread, JNIEnv* env, jdouble value) {
  return box(thread, env, vmSymbols::java_lang_Double(), vmSymbols::Double_valueOf_signature(), value);
}

WB_ENTRY(jobject, WB_GetBooleanVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name))
  bool result;
  if (GetVMFlag <bool> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::boolAt)) {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
    return booleanBox(thread, env, result);
  }
  return NULL;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jobject, WB_GetIntxVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name))
  intx result;
  if (GetVMFlag <intx> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::intxAt)) {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
    return longBox(thread, env, result);
  }
  return NULL;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jobject, WB_GetUintxVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name))
  uintx result;
  if (GetVMFlag <uintx> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::uintxAt)) {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
    return longBox(thread, env, result);
  }
  return NULL;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jobject, WB_GetUint64VMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name))
  uint64_t result;
  if (GetVMFlag <uint64_t> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAt)) {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
    return longBox(thread, env, result);
  }
  return NULL;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jobject, WB_GetDoubleVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name))
  double result;
  if (GetVMFlag <double> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::doubleAt)) {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
    return doubleBox(thread, env, result);
  }
  return NULL;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jstring, WB_GetStringVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name))
  ccstr ccstrResult;
  if (GetVMFlag <ccstr> (thread, env, name, &ccstrResult, &CommandLineFlags::ccstrAt)) {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
    jstring result = env->NewStringUTF(ccstrResult);
    CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);
    return result;
  }
  return NULL;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_SetBooleanVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name, jboolean value))
  bool result = value == JNI_TRUE ? true : false;
  SetVMFlag <bool> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::boolAtPut);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_SetIntxVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name, jlong value))
  intx result = value;
  SetVMFlag <intx> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::intxAtPut);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_SetUintxVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name, jlong value))
  uintx result = value;
  SetVMFlag <uintx> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::uintxAtPut);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_SetUint64VMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name, jlong value))
  uint64_t result = value;
  SetVMFlag <uint64_t> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAtPut);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_SetDoubleVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name, jdouble value))
  double result = value;
  SetVMFlag <double> (thread, env, name, &result, &CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_SetStringVMFlag(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring name, jstring value))
  ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);   // can't be in VM when we call JNI
  const char* ccstrValue = (value == NULL) ? NULL : env->GetStringUTFChars(value, NULL);
  ccstr ccstrResult = ccstrValue;
  bool needFree;
  {
    ThreadInVMfromNative ttvfn(thread); // back to VM
    needFree = SetVMFlag <ccstr> (thread, env, name, &ccstrResult, &CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut);
  }
  if (value != NULL) {
    env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(value, ccstrValue);
  }
  if (needFree) {
    FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, ccstrResult, mtInternal);
  }
WB_END


WB_ENTRY(jboolean, WB_IsInStringTable(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jstring javaString))
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
  int len;
  jchar* name = java_lang_String::as_unicode_string(JNIHandles::resolve(javaString), len, CHECK_false);
  return (StringTable::lookup(name, len) != NULL);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_FullGC(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  Universe::heap()->collector_policy()->set_should_clear_all_soft_refs(true);
  Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_last_ditch_collection);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_YoungGC(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_wb_young_gc);
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_ReadReservedMemory(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  // static+volatile in order to force the read to happen
  // (not be eliminated by the compiler)
  static char c;
  static volatile char* p;

  p = os::reserve_memory(os::vm_allocation_granularity(), NULL, 0);
  if (p == NULL) {
    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "Failed to reserve memory");
  }

  c = *p;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(jstring, WB_GetCPUFeatures(JNIEnv* env, jobject o))
  const char* cpu_features = VM_Version::cpu_features();
  ThreadToNativeFromVM ttn(thread);
  jstring features_string = env->NewStringUTF(cpu_features);

  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);

  return features_string;
WB_END


WB_ENTRY(jobjectArray, WB_GetNMethod(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject method, jboolean is_osr))
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
  jmethodID jmid = reflected_method_to_jmid(thread, env, method);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, Method::checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmid));
  nmethod* code = is_osr ? mh->lookup_osr_nmethod_for(InvocationEntryBci, CompLevel_none, false) : mh->code();
  jobjectArray result = NULL;
  if (code == NULL) {
    return result;
  }
  int insts_size = code->insts_size();

  ThreadToNativeFromVM ttn(thread);
  jclass clazz = env->FindClass(vmSymbols::java_lang_Object()->as_C_string());
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);
  result = env->NewObjectArray(2, clazz, NULL);
  if (result == NULL) {
    return result;
  }

  jobject obj = integerBox(thread, env, code->comp_level());
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);
  env->SetObjectArrayElement(result, 0, obj);

  jbyteArray insts = env->NewByteArray(insts_size);
  CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION_(env, NULL);
  env->SetByteArrayRegion(insts, 0, insts_size, (jbyte*) code->insts_begin());
  env->SetObjectArrayElement(result, 1, insts);

  return result;
WB_END


int WhiteBox::array_bytes_to_length(size_t bytes) {
  return Array<u1>::bytes_to_length(bytes);
}

WB_ENTRY(jlong, WB_AllocateMetaspace(JNIEnv* env, jobject wb, jobject class_loader, jlong size))
  if (size < 0) {
    THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
        err_msg("WB_AllocateMetaspace: size is negative: " JLONG_FORMAT, size));
  }

  oop class_loader_oop = JNIHandles::resolve(class_loader);
  ClassLoaderData* cld = class_loader_oop != NULL
      ? java_lang_ClassLoader::loader_data(class_loader_oop)
      : ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();

  void* metadata = MetadataFactory::new_writeable_array<u1>(cld, WhiteBox::array_bytes_to_length((size_t)size), thread);

  return (jlong)(uintptr_t)metadata;
WB_END

WB_ENTRY(void, WB_FreeMetaspace(JNIEnv* env, jobject wb, jobject class_loader, jlong addr, jlong size))
  oop class_loader_oop = JNIHandles::resolve(class_loader);
  ClassLoaderData* cld = class_loader_oop != NULL
      ? java_lang_ClassLoader::loader_data(class_loader_oop)
      : ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();

  MetadataFactory::free_array(cld, (Array<u1>*)(uintptr_t)addr);
WB_END

//Some convenience methods to deal with objects from java
int WhiteBox::offset_for_field(const char* field_name, oop object,
    Symbol* signature_symbol) {
  assert(field_name != NULL && strlen(field_name) > 0, "Field name not valid");
  Thread* THREAD = Thread::current();

  //Get the class of our object
  Klass* arg_klass = object->klass();
  //Turn it into an instance-klass
  InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(arg_klass);

  //Create symbols to look for in the class
  TempNewSymbol name_symbol = SymbolTable::lookup(field_name, (int) strlen(field_name),
      THREAD);

  //To be filled in with an offset of the field we're looking for
  fieldDescriptor fd;

  Klass* res = ik->find_field(name_symbol, signature_symbol, &fd);
  if (res == NULL) {
    tty->print_cr("Invalid layout of %s at %s", ik->external_name(),
        name_symbol->as_C_string());
    fatal("Invalid layout of preloaded class");
  }

  //fetch the field at the offset we've found
  int dest_offset = fd.offset();

  return dest_offset;
}


const char* WhiteBox::lookup_jstring(const char* field_name, oop object) {
  int offset = offset_for_field(field_name, object,
      vmSymbols::string_signature());
  oop string = object->obj_field(offset);
  if (string == NULL) {
    return NULL;
  }
  const char* ret = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(string);
  return ret;
}

bool WhiteBox::lookup_bool(const char* field_name, oop object) {
  int offset =
      offset_for_field(field_name, object, vmSymbols::bool_signature());
  bool ret = (object->bool_field(offset) == JNI_TRUE);
  return ret;
}


#define CC (char*)

static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
  {CC"getObjectAddress",   CC"(Ljava/lang/Object;)J", (void*)&WB_GetObjectAddress  },
  {CC"getObjectSize",      CC"(Ljava/lang/Object;)J", (void*)&WB_GetObjectSize     },
  {CC"isObjectInOldGen",   CC"(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", (void*)&WB_isObjectInOldGen  },
  {CC"getHeapOopSize",     CC"()I",                   (void*)&WB_GetHeapOopSize    },
  {CC"isClassAlive0",      CC"(Ljava/lang/String;)Z", (void*)&WB_IsClassAlive      },
  {CC"parseCommandLine",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/String;[Lsun/hotspot/parser/DiagnosticCommand;)[Ljava/lang/Object;",
      (void*) &WB_ParseCommandLine
  },
  {CC"getCompressedOopsMaxHeapSize", CC"()J",
      (void*)&WB_GetCompressedOopsMaxHeapSize},
  {CC"printHeapSizes",     CC"()V",                   (void*)&WB_PrintHeapSizes    },
  {CC"runMemoryUnitTests", CC"()V",                   (void*)&WB_RunMemoryUnitTests},
  {CC"readFromNoaccessArea",CC"()V",                  (void*)&WB_ReadFromNoaccessArea},
  {CC"stressVirtualSpaceResize",CC"(JJJ)I",           (void*)&WB_StressVirtualSpaceResize},
#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  {CC"g1InConcurrentMark", CC"()Z",                   (void*)&WB_G1InConcurrentMark},
  {CC"g1IsHumongous",      CC"(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", (void*)&WB_G1IsHumongous     },
  {CC"g1NumFreeRegions",   CC"()J",                   (void*)&WB_G1NumFreeRegions  },
  {CC"g1RegionSize",       CC"()I",                   (void*)&WB_G1RegionSize      },
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
#if INCLUDE_NMT
  {CC"NMTMalloc",           CC"(J)J",                 (void*)&WB_NMTMalloc          },
  {CC"NMTMallocWithPseudoStack", CC"(JI)J",           (void*)&WB_NMTMallocWithPseudoStack},
  {CC"NMTFree",             CC"(J)V",                 (void*)&WB_NMTFree            },
  {CC"NMTReserveMemory",    CC"(J)J",                 (void*)&WB_NMTReserveMemory   },
  {CC"NMTCommitMemory",     CC"(JJ)V",                (void*)&WB_NMTCommitMemory    },
  {CC"NMTUncommitMemory",   CC"(JJ)V",                (void*)&WB_NMTUncommitMemory  },
  {CC"NMTReleaseMemory",    CC"(JJ)V",                (void*)&WB_NMTReleaseMemory   },
  {CC"NMTOverflowHashBucket", CC"(J)V",               (void*)&WB_NMTOverflowHashBucket},
  {CC"NMTIsDetailSupported",CC"()Z",                  (void*)&WB_NMTIsDetailSupported},
#endif // INCLUDE_NMT
  {CC"deoptimizeAll",      CC"()V",                   (void*)&WB_DeoptimizeAll     },
  {CC"deoptimizeMethod",   CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;Z)I",
                                                      (void*)&WB_DeoptimizeMethod  },
  {CC"isMethodCompiled",   CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;Z)Z",
                                                      (void*)&WB_IsMethodCompiled  },
  {CC"isMethodCompilable", CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;IZ)Z",
                                                      (void*)&WB_IsMethodCompilable},
  {CC"isMethodQueuedForCompilation",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;)Z",          (void*)&WB_IsMethodQueuedForCompilation},
  {CC"makeMethodNotCompilable",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;IZ)V",        (void*)&WB_MakeMethodNotCompilable},
  {CC"testSetDontInlineMethod",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;Z)Z",         (void*)&WB_TestSetDontInlineMethod},
  {CC"getMethodCompilationLevel",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;Z)I",         (void*)&WB_GetMethodCompilationLevel},
  {CC"getMethodEntryBci",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;)I",          (void*)&WB_GetMethodEntryBci},
  {CC"getCompileQueueSize",
      CC"(I)I",                                       (void*)&WB_GetCompileQueueSize},
  {CC"testSetForceInlineMethod",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;Z)Z",         (void*)&WB_TestSetForceInlineMethod},
  {CC"enqueueMethodForCompilation",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;II)Z",        (void*)&WB_EnqueueMethodForCompilation},
  {CC"clearMethodState",
      CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;)V",          (void*)&WB_ClearMethodState},
  {CC"setBooleanVMFlag",   CC"(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V",(void*)&WB_SetBooleanVMFlag},
  {CC"setIntxVMFlag",      CC"(Ljava/lang/String;J)V",(void*)&WB_SetIntxVMFlag},
  {CC"setUintxVMFlag",     CC"(Ljava/lang/String;J)V",(void*)&WB_SetUintxVMFlag},
  {CC"setUint64VMFlag",    CC"(Ljava/lang/String;J)V",(void*)&WB_SetUint64VMFlag},
  {CC"setDoubleVMFlag",    CC"(Ljava/lang/String;D)V",(void*)&WB_SetDoubleVMFlag},
  {CC"setStringVMFlag",    CC"(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V",
                                                      (void*)&WB_SetStringVMFlag},
  {CC"getBooleanVMFlag",   CC"(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Boolean;",
                                                      (void*)&WB_GetBooleanVMFlag},
  {CC"getIntxVMFlag",      CC"(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Long;",
                                                      (void*)&WB_GetIntxVMFlag},
  {CC"getUintxVMFlag",     CC"(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Long;",
                                                      (void*)&WB_GetUintxVMFlag},
  {CC"getUint64VMFlag",    CC"(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Long;",
                                                      (void*)&WB_GetUint64VMFlag},
  {CC"getDoubleVMFlag",    CC"(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Double;",
                                                      (void*)&WB_GetDoubleVMFlag},
  {CC"getStringVMFlag",    CC"(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
                                                      (void*)&WB_GetStringVMFlag},
  {CC"isInStringTable",    CC"(Ljava/lang/String;)Z", (void*)&WB_IsInStringTable  },
  {CC"fullGC",   CC"()V",                             (void*)&WB_FullGC },
  {CC"youngGC",  CC"()V",                             (void*)&WB_YoungGC },
  {CC"readReservedMemory", CC"()V",                   (void*)&WB_ReadReservedMemory },
  {CC"allocateMetaspace",
     CC"(Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;J)J",                 (void*)&WB_AllocateMetaspace },
  {CC"freeMetaspace",
     CC"(Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;JJ)V",                (void*)&WB_FreeMetaspace },
  {CC"getCPUFeatures",     CC"()Ljava/lang/String;",  (void*)&WB_GetCPUFeatures     },
  {CC"getNMethod",         CC"(Ljava/lang/reflect/Executable;Z)[Ljava/lang/Object;",
                                                      (void*)&WB_GetNMethod         },
};

#undef CC

JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_RegisterWhiteBoxMethods(JNIEnv* env, jclass wbclass))
  {
    if (WhiteBoxAPI) {
      // Make sure that wbclass is loaded by the null classloader
      instanceKlassHandle ikh = instanceKlassHandle(JNIHandles::resolve(wbclass)->klass());
      Handle loader(ikh->class_loader());
      if (loader.is_null()) {
        ResourceMark rm;
        ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread); // can't be in VM when we call JNI
        bool result = true;
        //  one by one registration natives for exception catching
        jclass exceptionKlass = env->FindClass(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError()->as_C_string());
        CHECK_JNI_EXCEPTION(env);
        for (int i = 0, n = sizeof(methods) / sizeof(methods[0]); i < n; ++i) {
          if (env->RegisterNatives(wbclass, methods + i, 1) != 0) {
            result = false;
            jthrowable throwable_obj = env->ExceptionOccurred();
            if (throwable_obj != NULL) {
              env->ExceptionClear();
              if (env->IsInstanceOf(throwable_obj, exceptionKlass)) {
                // j.l.NoSuchMethodError is thrown when a method can't be found or a method is not native
                // ignoring the exception
                tty->print_cr("Warning: 'NoSuchMethodError' on register of sun.hotspot.WhiteBox::%s%s", methods[i].name, methods[i].signature);
              }
            } else {
              // register is failed w/o exception or w/ unexpected exception
              tty->print_cr("Warning: unexpected error on register of sun.hotspot.WhiteBox::%s%s. All methods will be unregistered", methods[i].name, methods[i].signature);
              env->UnregisterNatives(wbclass);
              break;
            }
          }
        }

        if (result) {
          WhiteBox::set_used();
        }
      }
    }
  }
JVM_END