os_bsd.cpp 186.1 KB
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/*
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 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

// no precompiled headers
#include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
#include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
#include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
#include "code/icBuffer.hpp"
#include "code/vtableStubs.hpp"
#include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
#include "jvm_bsd.h"
#include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
#include "memory/filemap.hpp"
#include "mutex_bsd.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
#include "os_share_bsd.hpp"
#include "prims/jniFastGetField.hpp"
#include "prims/jvm.h"
#include "prims/jvm_misc.hpp"
#include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
#include "runtime/extendedPC.hpp"
#include "runtime/globals.hpp"
#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"
#include "runtime/java.hpp"
#include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
#include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
#include "runtime/objectMonitor.hpp"
#include "runtime/osThread.hpp"
#include "runtime/perfMemory.hpp"
#include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
#include "runtime/statSampler.hpp"
#include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
#include "runtime/threadCritical.hpp"
#include "runtime/timer.hpp"
#include "services/attachListener.hpp"
#include "services/runtimeService.hpp"
#include "thread_bsd.inline.hpp"
#include "utilities/decoder.hpp"
#include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
#include "utilities/events.hpp"
#include "utilities/growableArray.hpp"
#include "utilities/vmError.hpp"
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_x86
# include "assembler_x86.inline.hpp"
# include "nativeInst_x86.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_sparc
# include "assembler_sparc.inline.hpp"
# include "nativeInst_sparc.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_zero
# include "assembler_zero.inline.hpp"
# include "nativeInst_zero.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_arm
# include "assembler_arm.inline.hpp"
# include "nativeInst_arm.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_ppc
# include "assembler_ppc.inline.hpp"
# include "nativeInst_ppc.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef COMPILER1
#include "c1/c1_Runtime1.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef COMPILER2
#include "opto/runtime.hpp"
#endif

// put OS-includes here
# include <sys/types.h>
# include <sys/mman.h>
# include <sys/stat.h>
# include <sys/select.h>
# include <pthread.h>
# include <signal.h>
# include <errno.h>
# include <dlfcn.h>
# include <stdio.h>
# include <unistd.h>
# include <sys/resource.h>
# include <pthread.h>
# include <sys/stat.h>
# include <sys/time.h>
# include <sys/times.h>
# include <sys/utsname.h>
# include <sys/socket.h>
# include <sys/wait.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <pwd.h>
# include <poll.h>
# include <semaphore.h>
# include <fcntl.h>
# include <string.h>
#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
# include <sys/param.h>
# include <sys/sysctl.h>
#else
# include <syscall.h>
# include <sys/sysinfo.h>
# include <gnu/libc-version.h>
#endif
# include <sys/ipc.h>
# include <sys/shm.h>
#ifndef __APPLE__
# include <link.h>
#endif
# include <stdint.h>
# include <inttypes.h>
# include <sys/ioctl.h>

#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
# include <elf.h>
#endif

#ifdef __APPLE__
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# include <mach/mach.h> // semaphore_* API
# include <mach-o/dyld.h>
# include <sys/proc_info.h>
# include <objc/objc-auto.h>
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#endif

#ifndef MAP_ANONYMOUS
#define MAP_ANONYMOUS MAP_ANON
#endif

#define MAX_PATH    (2 * K)

// for timer info max values which include all bits
#define ALL_64_BITS CONST64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)

#define LARGEPAGES_BIT (1 << 6)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// global variables
julong os::Bsd::_physical_memory = 0;

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
address   os::Bsd::_initial_thread_stack_bottom = NULL;
uintptr_t os::Bsd::_initial_thread_stack_size   = 0;
#endif

int (*os::Bsd::_clock_gettime)(clockid_t, struct timespec *) = NULL;
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
int (*os::Bsd::_pthread_getcpuclockid)(pthread_t, clockid_t *) = NULL;
Mutex* os::Bsd::_createThread_lock = NULL;
#endif
pthread_t os::Bsd::_main_thread;
int os::Bsd::_page_size = -1;
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
bool os::Bsd::_is_floating_stack = false;
bool os::Bsd::_is_NPTL = false;
bool os::Bsd::_supports_fast_thread_cpu_time = false;
const char * os::Bsd::_glibc_version = NULL;
const char * os::Bsd::_libpthread_version = NULL;
#endif

static jlong initial_time_count=0;

static int clock_tics_per_sec = 100;

// For diagnostics to print a message once. see run_periodic_checks
static sigset_t check_signal_done;
static bool check_signals = true;;

static pid_t _initial_pid = 0;

/* Signal number used to suspend/resume a thread */

/* do not use any signal number less than SIGSEGV, see 4355769 */
static int SR_signum = SIGUSR2;
sigset_t SR_sigset;


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// utility functions

static int SR_initialize();
static int SR_finalize();

julong os::available_memory() {
  return Bsd::available_memory();
}

julong os::Bsd::available_memory() {
#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  // XXXBSD: this is just a stopgap implementation
  return physical_memory() >> 2;
#else
  // values in struct sysinfo are "unsigned long"
  struct sysinfo si;
  sysinfo(&si);

  return (julong)si.freeram * si.mem_unit;
#endif
}

julong os::physical_memory() {
  return Bsd::physical_memory();
}

julong os::allocatable_physical_memory(julong size) {
#ifdef _LP64
  return size;
#else
  julong result = MIN2(size, (julong)3800*M);
   if (!is_allocatable(result)) {
     // See comments under solaris for alignment considerations
     julong reasonable_size = (julong)2*G - 2 * os::vm_page_size();
     result =  MIN2(size, reasonable_size);
   }
   return result;
#endif // _LP64
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// environment support

bool os::getenv(const char* name, char* buf, int len) {
  const char* val = ::getenv(name);
  if (val != NULL && strlen(val) < (size_t)len) {
    strcpy(buf, val);
    return true;
  }
  if (len > 0) buf[0] = 0;  // return a null string
  return false;
}


// Return true if user is running as root.

bool os::have_special_privileges() {
  static bool init = false;
  static bool privileges = false;
  if (!init) {
    privileges = (getuid() != geteuid()) || (getgid() != getegid());
    init = true;
  }
  return privileges;
}


#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
#ifndef SYS_gettid
// i386: 224, ia64: 1105, amd64: 186, sparc 143
#ifdef __ia64__
#define SYS_gettid 1105
#elif __i386__
#define SYS_gettid 224
#elif __amd64__
#define SYS_gettid 186
#elif __sparc__
#define SYS_gettid 143
#else
#error define gettid for the arch
#endif
#endif
#endif

// Cpu architecture string
#if   defined(ZERO)
static char cpu_arch[] = ZERO_LIBARCH;
#elif defined(IA64)
static char cpu_arch[] = "ia64";
#elif defined(IA32)
static char cpu_arch[] = "i386";
#elif defined(AMD64)
static char cpu_arch[] = "amd64";
#elif defined(ARM)
static char cpu_arch[] = "arm";
#elif defined(PPC)
static char cpu_arch[] = "ppc";
#elif defined(SPARC)
#  ifdef _LP64
static char cpu_arch[] = "sparcv9";
#  else
static char cpu_arch[] = "sparc";
#  endif
#else
#error Add appropriate cpu_arch setting
#endif

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// Compiler variant
#ifdef COMPILER2
#define COMPILER_VARIANT "server"
#else
#define COMPILER_VARIANT "client"
#endif
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#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
// pid_t gettid()
//
// Returns the kernel thread id of the currently running thread. Kernel
// thread id is used to access /proc.
//
// (Note that getpid() on BsdThreads returns kernel thread id too; but
// on NPTL, it returns the same pid for all threads, as required by POSIX.)
//
pid_t os::Bsd::gettid() {
  int rslt = syscall(SYS_gettid);
  if (rslt == -1) {
     // old kernel, no NPTL support
     return getpid();
  } else {
     return (pid_t)rslt;
  }
}

// Most versions of bsd have a bug where the number of processors are
// determined by looking at the /proc file system.  In a chroot environment,
// the system call returns 1.  This causes the VM to act as if it is
// a single processor and elide locking (see is_MP() call).
static bool unsafe_chroot_detected = false;
static const char *unstable_chroot_error = "/proc file system not found.\n"
                     "Java may be unstable running multithreaded in a chroot "
                     "environment on Bsd when /proc filesystem is not mounted.";
#endif

#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
void os::Bsd::initialize_system_info() {
  int mib[2];
  size_t len;
  int cpu_val;
  u_long mem_val;

  /* get processors count via hw.ncpus sysctl */
  mib[0] = CTL_HW;
  mib[1] = HW_NCPU;
  len = sizeof(cpu_val);
  if (sysctl(mib, 2, &cpu_val, &len, NULL, 0) != -1 && cpu_val >= 1) {
       set_processor_count(cpu_val);
  }
  else {
       set_processor_count(1);   // fallback
  }

  /* get physical memory via hw.usermem sysctl (hw.usermem is used
   * instead of hw.physmem because we need size of allocatable memory
   */
  mib[0] = CTL_HW;
  mib[1] = HW_USERMEM;
  len = sizeof(mem_val);
  if (sysctl(mib, 2, &mem_val, &len, NULL, 0) != -1)
       _physical_memory = mem_val;
  else
       _physical_memory = 256*1024*1024;       // fallback (XXXBSD?)

#ifdef __OpenBSD__
  {
       // limit _physical_memory memory view on OpenBSD since
       // datasize rlimit restricts us anyway.
       struct rlimit limits;
       getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &limits);
       _physical_memory = MIN2(_physical_memory, (julong)limits.rlim_cur);
  }
#endif
}
#else
void os::Bsd::initialize_system_info() {
  set_processor_count(sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF));
  if (processor_count() == 1) {
    pid_t pid = os::Bsd::gettid();
    char fname[32];
    jio_snprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "/proc/%d", pid);
    FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "r");
    if (fp == NULL) {
      unsafe_chroot_detected = true;
    } else {
      fclose(fp);
    }
  }
  _physical_memory = (julong)sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) * (julong)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
  assert(processor_count() > 0, "bsd error");
}
#endif

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#ifdef __APPLE__
static const char *get_home() {
  const char *home_dir = ::getenv("HOME");
  if ((home_dir == NULL) || (*home_dir == '\0')) {
    struct passwd *passwd_info = getpwuid(geteuid());
    if (passwd_info != NULL) {
      home_dir = passwd_info->pw_dir;
    }
  }

  return home_dir;
}
#endif

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void os::init_system_properties_values() {
//  char arch[12];
//  sysinfo(SI_ARCHITECTURE, arch, sizeof(arch));

  // The next steps are taken in the product version:
  //
  // Obtain the JAVA_HOME value from the location of libjvm[_g].so.
  // This library should be located at:
  // <JAVA_HOME>/jre/lib/<arch>/{client|server}/libjvm[_g].so.
  //
  // If "/jre/lib/" appears at the right place in the path, then we
  // assume libjvm[_g].so is installed in a JDK and we use this path.
  //
  // Otherwise exit with message: "Could not create the Java virtual machine."
  //
  // The following extra steps are taken in the debugging version:
  //
  // If "/jre/lib/" does NOT appear at the right place in the path
  // instead of exit check for $JAVA_HOME environment variable.
  //
  // If it is defined and we are able to locate $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/<arch>,
  // then we append a fake suffix "hotspot/libjvm[_g].so" to this path so
  // it looks like libjvm[_g].so is installed there
  // <JAVA_HOME>/jre/lib/<arch>/hotspot/libjvm[_g].so.
  //
  // Otherwise exit.
  //
  // Important note: if the location of libjvm.so changes this
  // code needs to be changed accordingly.

  // The next few definitions allow the code to be verbatim:
#define malloc(n) (char*)NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, (n))
#define getenv(n) ::getenv(n)

/*
 * See ld(1):
 *      The linker uses the following search paths to locate required
 *      shared libraries:
 *        1: ...
 *        ...
 *        7: The default directories, normally /lib and /usr/lib.
 */
#ifndef DEFAULT_LIBPATH
#define DEFAULT_LIBPATH "/lib:/usr/lib"
#endif

#define EXTENSIONS_DIR  "/lib/ext"
#define ENDORSED_DIR    "/lib/endorsed"
#define REG_DIR         "/usr/java/packages"

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#ifdef __APPLE__
#define SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIR   "/Library/Java/Extensions"
#define SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIRS  SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIR ":/Network" SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIR ":/System" SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIR ":/usr/lib/java"
        const char *user_home_dir = get_home();
        // the null in SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIRS counts for the size of the colon after user_home_dir
        int system_ext_size = strlen(user_home_dir) + sizeof(SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIR) +
            sizeof(SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIRS);
#endif

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  {
    /* sysclasspath, java_home, dll_dir */
    {
        char *home_path;
        char *dll_path;
        char *pslash;
        char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
        os::jvm_path(buf, sizeof(buf));

        // Found the full path to libjvm.so.
        // Now cut the path to <java_home>/jre if we can.
        *(strrchr(buf, '/')) = '\0';  /* get rid of /libjvm.so */
        pslash = strrchr(buf, '/');
        if (pslash != NULL)
            *pslash = '\0';           /* get rid of /{client|server|hotspot} */
        dll_path = malloc(strlen(buf) + 1);
        if (dll_path == NULL)
            return;
        strcpy(dll_path, buf);
        Arguments::set_dll_dir(dll_path);

        if (pslash != NULL) {
            pslash = strrchr(buf, '/');
            if (pslash != NULL) {
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                *pslash = '\0';       /* get rid of /<arch> (/lib on macosx) */
#ifndef __APPLE__
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                pslash = strrchr(buf, '/');
                if (pslash != NULL)
                    *pslash = '\0';   /* get rid of /lib */
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#endif
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            }
        }

        home_path = malloc(strlen(buf) + 1);
        if (home_path == NULL)
            return;
        strcpy(home_path, buf);
        Arguments::set_java_home(home_path);

        if (!set_boot_path('/', ':'))
            return;
    }

    /*
     * Where to look for native libraries
     *
     * Note: Due to a legacy implementation, most of the library path
     * is set in the launcher.  This was to accomodate linking restrictions
     * on legacy Bsd implementations (which are no longer supported).
     * Eventually, all the library path setting will be done here.
     *
     * However, to prevent the proliferation of improperly built native
     * libraries, the new path component /usr/java/packages is added here.
     * Eventually, all the library path setting will be done here.
     */
    {
        char *ld_library_path;

        /*
         * Construct the invariant part of ld_library_path. Note that the
         * space for the colon and the trailing null are provided by the
         * nulls included by the sizeof operator (so actually we allocate
         * a byte more than necessary).
         */
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#ifdef __APPLE__
        ld_library_path = (char *) malloc(system_ext_size);
        sprintf(ld_library_path, "%s" SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIR ":" SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIRS, user_home_dir);
#else
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        ld_library_path = (char *) malloc(sizeof(REG_DIR) + sizeof("/lib/") +
            strlen(cpu_arch) + sizeof(DEFAULT_LIBPATH));
        sprintf(ld_library_path, REG_DIR "/lib/%s:" DEFAULT_LIBPATH, cpu_arch);
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#endif
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        /*
         * Get the user setting of LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and prepended it.  It
         * should always exist (until the legacy problem cited above is
         * addressed).
         */
#ifdef __APPLE__
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        // Prepend the default path with the JAVA_LIBRARY_PATH so that the app launcher code can specify a directory inside an app wrapper
        char *l = getenv("JAVA_LIBRARY_PATH");
        if (l != NULL) {
            char *t = ld_library_path;
            /* That's +1 for the colon and +1 for the trailing '\0' */
            ld_library_path = (char *) malloc(strlen(l) + 1 + strlen(t) + 1);
            sprintf(ld_library_path, "%s:%s", l, t);
            free(t);
        }

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        char *v = getenv("DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH");
#else
        char *v = getenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH");
#endif
        if (v != NULL) {
            char *t = ld_library_path;
            /* That's +1 for the colon and +1 for the trailing '\0' */
            ld_library_path = (char *) malloc(strlen(v) + 1 + strlen(t) + 1);
            sprintf(ld_library_path, "%s:%s", v, t);
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            free(t);
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        }
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#ifdef __APPLE__
        // Apple's Java6 has "." at the beginning of java.library.path.
        // OpenJDK on Windows has "." at the end of java.library.path.
        // OpenJDK on Linux and Solaris don't have "." in java.library.path
        // at all. To ease the transition from Apple's Java6 to OpenJDK7,
        // "." is appended to the end of java.library.path. Yes, this
        // could cause a change in behavior, but Apple's Java6 behavior
        // can be achieved by putting "." at the beginning of the
        // JAVA_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.
        {
            char *t = ld_library_path;
            // that's +3 for appending ":." and the trailing '\0'
            ld_library_path = (char *) malloc(strlen(t) + 3);
            sprintf(ld_library_path, "%s:%s", t, ".");
            free(t);
        }
#endif

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        Arguments::set_library_path(ld_library_path);
    }

    /*
     * Extensions directories.
     *
     * Note that the space for the colon and the trailing null are provided
     * by the nulls included by the sizeof operator (so actually one byte more
     * than necessary is allocated).
     */
    {
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#ifdef __APPLE__
        char *buf = malloc(strlen(Arguments::get_java_home()) +
            sizeof(EXTENSIONS_DIR) + system_ext_size);
        sprintf(buf, "%s" SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIR ":%s" EXTENSIONS_DIR ":"
            SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIRS, user_home_dir, Arguments::get_java_home());
#else
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        char *buf = malloc(strlen(Arguments::get_java_home()) +
            sizeof(EXTENSIONS_DIR) + sizeof(REG_DIR) + sizeof(EXTENSIONS_DIR));
        sprintf(buf, "%s" EXTENSIONS_DIR ":" REG_DIR EXTENSIONS_DIR,
            Arguments::get_java_home());
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#endif

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        Arguments::set_ext_dirs(buf);
    }

    /* Endorsed standards default directory. */
    {
        char * buf;
        buf = malloc(strlen(Arguments::get_java_home()) + sizeof(ENDORSED_DIR));
        sprintf(buf, "%s" ENDORSED_DIR, Arguments::get_java_home());
        Arguments::set_endorsed_dirs(buf);
    }
  }

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#ifdef __APPLE__
#undef SYS_EXTENSIONS_DIR
#endif
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#undef malloc
#undef getenv
#undef EXTENSIONS_DIR
#undef ENDORSED_DIR

  // Done
  return;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// breakpoint support

void os::breakpoint() {
  BREAKPOINT;
}

extern "C" void breakpoint() {
  // use debugger to set breakpoint here
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// signal support

debug_only(static bool signal_sets_initialized = false);
static sigset_t unblocked_sigs, vm_sigs, allowdebug_blocked_sigs;

bool os::Bsd::is_sig_ignored(int sig) {
      struct sigaction oact;
      sigaction(sig, (struct sigaction*)NULL, &oact);
      void* ohlr = oact.sa_sigaction ? CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*,  oact.sa_sigaction)
                                     : CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*,  oact.sa_handler);
      if (ohlr == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, SIG_IGN))
           return true;
      else
           return false;
}

void os::Bsd::signal_sets_init() {
  // Should also have an assertion stating we are still single-threaded.
  assert(!signal_sets_initialized, "Already initialized");
  // Fill in signals that are necessarily unblocked for all threads in
  // the VM. Currently, we unblock the following signals:
  // SHUTDOWN{1,2,3}_SIGNAL: for shutdown hooks support (unless over-ridden
  //                         by -Xrs (=ReduceSignalUsage));
  // BREAK_SIGNAL which is unblocked only by the VM thread and blocked by all
  // other threads. The "ReduceSignalUsage" boolean tells us not to alter
  // the dispositions or masks wrt these signals.
  // Programs embedding the VM that want to use the above signals for their
  // own purposes must, at this time, use the "-Xrs" option to prevent
  // interference with shutdown hooks and BREAK_SIGNAL thread dumping.
  // (See bug 4345157, and other related bugs).
  // In reality, though, unblocking these signals is really a nop, since
  // these signals are not blocked by default.
  sigemptyset(&unblocked_sigs);
  sigemptyset(&allowdebug_blocked_sigs);
  sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SIGILL);
  sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SIGSEGV);
  sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SIGBUS);
  sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SIGFPE);
  sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SR_signum);

  if (!ReduceSignalUsage) {
   if (!os::Bsd::is_sig_ignored(SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL)) {
      sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL);
      sigaddset(&allowdebug_blocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL);
   }
   if (!os::Bsd::is_sig_ignored(SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL)) {
      sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL);
      sigaddset(&allowdebug_blocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL);
   }
   if (!os::Bsd::is_sig_ignored(SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL)) {
      sigaddset(&unblocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL);
      sigaddset(&allowdebug_blocked_sigs, SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL);
   }
  }
  // Fill in signals that are blocked by all but the VM thread.
  sigemptyset(&vm_sigs);
  if (!ReduceSignalUsage)
    sigaddset(&vm_sigs, BREAK_SIGNAL);
  debug_only(signal_sets_initialized = true);

}

// These are signals that are unblocked while a thread is running Java.
// (For some reason, they get blocked by default.)
sigset_t* os::Bsd::unblocked_signals() {
  assert(signal_sets_initialized, "Not initialized");
  return &unblocked_sigs;
}

// These are the signals that are blocked while a (non-VM) thread is
// running Java. Only the VM thread handles these signals.
sigset_t* os::Bsd::vm_signals() {
  assert(signal_sets_initialized, "Not initialized");
  return &vm_sigs;
}

// These are signals that are blocked during cond_wait to allow debugger in
sigset_t* os::Bsd::allowdebug_blocked_signals() {
  assert(signal_sets_initialized, "Not initialized");
  return &allowdebug_blocked_sigs;
}

void os::Bsd::hotspot_sigmask(Thread* thread) {

  //Save caller's signal mask before setting VM signal mask
  sigset_t caller_sigmask;
  pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, &caller_sigmask);

  OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();
  osthread->set_caller_sigmask(caller_sigmask);

  pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, os::Bsd::unblocked_signals(), NULL);

  if (!ReduceSignalUsage) {
    if (thread->is_VM_thread()) {
      // Only the VM thread handles BREAK_SIGNAL ...
      pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, vm_signals(), NULL);
    } else {
      // ... all other threads block BREAK_SIGNAL
      pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, vm_signals(), NULL);
    }
  }
}

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// detecting pthread library

void os::Bsd::libpthread_init() {
  // Save glibc and pthread version strings. Note that _CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION
  // and _CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION are supported in glibc >= 2.3.2. Use a
  // generic name for earlier versions.
  // Define macros here so we can build HotSpot on old systems.
# ifndef _CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION
# define _CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION 2
# endif
# ifndef _CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION
# define _CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION 3
# endif

  size_t n = confstr(_CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION, NULL, 0);
  if (n > 0) {
     char *str = (char *)malloc(n);
     confstr(_CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION, str, n);
     os::Bsd::set_glibc_version(str);
  } else {
     // _CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION is not supported, try gnu_get_libc_version()
     static char _gnu_libc_version[32];
     jio_snprintf(_gnu_libc_version, sizeof(_gnu_libc_version),
              "glibc %s %s", gnu_get_libc_version(), gnu_get_libc_release());
     os::Bsd::set_glibc_version(_gnu_libc_version);
  }

  n = confstr(_CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION, NULL, 0);
  if (n > 0) {
     char *str = (char *)malloc(n);
     confstr(_CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION, str, n);
     // Vanilla RH-9 (glibc 2.3.2) has a bug that confstr() always tells
     // us "NPTL-0.29" even we are running with BsdThreads. Check if this
     // is the case. BsdThreads has a hard limit on max number of threads.
     // So sysconf(_SC_THREAD_THREADS_MAX) will return a positive value.
     // On the other hand, NPTL does not have such a limit, sysconf()
     // will return -1 and errno is not changed. Check if it is really NPTL.
     if (strcmp(os::Bsd::glibc_version(), "glibc 2.3.2") == 0 &&
         strstr(str, "NPTL") &&
         sysconf(_SC_THREAD_THREADS_MAX) > 0) {
       free(str);
       os::Bsd::set_libpthread_version("bsdthreads");
     } else {
       os::Bsd::set_libpthread_version(str);
     }
  } else {
    // glibc before 2.3.2 only has BsdThreads.
    os::Bsd::set_libpthread_version("bsdthreads");
  }

  if (strstr(libpthread_version(), "NPTL")) {
     os::Bsd::set_is_NPTL();
  } else {
     os::Bsd::set_is_BsdThreads();
  }

  // BsdThreads have two flavors: floating-stack mode, which allows variable
  // stack size; and fixed-stack mode. NPTL is always floating-stack.
  if (os::Bsd::is_NPTL() || os::Bsd::supports_variable_stack_size()) {
     os::Bsd::set_is_floating_stack();
  }
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// thread stack

// Force Bsd kernel to expand current thread stack. If "bottom" is close
// to the stack guard, caller should block all signals.
//
// MAP_GROWSDOWN:
//   A special mmap() flag that is used to implement thread stacks. It tells
//   kernel that the memory region should extend downwards when needed. This
//   allows early versions of BsdThreads to only mmap the first few pages
//   when creating a new thread. Bsd kernel will automatically expand thread
//   stack as needed (on page faults).
//
//   However, because the memory region of a MAP_GROWSDOWN stack can grow on
//   demand, if a page fault happens outside an already mapped MAP_GROWSDOWN
//   region, it's hard to tell if the fault is due to a legitimate stack
//   access or because of reading/writing non-exist memory (e.g. buffer
//   overrun). As a rule, if the fault happens below current stack pointer,
//   Bsd kernel does not expand stack, instead a SIGSEGV is sent to the
//   application (see Bsd kernel fault.c).
//
//   This Bsd feature can cause SIGSEGV when VM bangs thread stack for
//   stack overflow detection.
//
//   Newer version of BsdThreads (since glibc-2.2, or, RH-7.x) and NPTL do
//   not use this flag. However, the stack of initial thread is not created
//   by pthread, it is still MAP_GROWSDOWN. Also it's possible (though
//   unlikely) that user code can create a thread with MAP_GROWSDOWN stack
//   and then attach the thread to JVM.
//
// To get around the problem and allow stack banging on Bsd, we need to
// manually expand thread stack after receiving the SIGSEGV.
//
// There are two ways to expand thread stack to address "bottom", we used
// both of them in JVM before 1.5:
//   1. adjust stack pointer first so that it is below "bottom", and then
//      touch "bottom"
//   2. mmap() the page in question
//
// Now alternate signal stack is gone, it's harder to use 2. For instance,
// if current sp is already near the lower end of page 101, and we need to
// call mmap() to map page 100, it is possible that part of the mmap() frame
// will be placed in page 100. When page 100 is mapped, it is zero-filled.
// That will destroy the mmap() frame and cause VM to crash.
//
// The following code works by adjusting sp first, then accessing the "bottom"
// page to force a page fault. Bsd kernel will then automatically expand the
// stack mapping.
//
// _expand_stack_to() assumes its frame size is less than page size, which
// should always be true if the function is not inlined.

#if __GNUC__ < 3    // gcc 2.x does not support noinline attribute
#define NOINLINE
#else
#define NOINLINE __attribute__ ((noinline))
#endif

static void _expand_stack_to(address bottom) NOINLINE;

static void _expand_stack_to(address bottom) {
  address sp;
  size_t size;
  volatile char *p;

  // Adjust bottom to point to the largest address within the same page, it
  // gives us a one-page buffer if alloca() allocates slightly more memory.
  bottom = (address)align_size_down((uintptr_t)bottom, os::Bsd::page_size());
  bottom += os::Bsd::page_size() - 1;

  // sp might be slightly above current stack pointer; if that's the case, we
  // will alloca() a little more space than necessary, which is OK. Don't use
  // os::current_stack_pointer(), as its result can be slightly below current
  // stack pointer, causing us to not alloca enough to reach "bottom".
  sp = (address)&sp;

  if (sp > bottom) {
    size = sp - bottom;
    p = (volatile char *)alloca(size);
    assert(p != NULL && p <= (volatile char *)bottom, "alloca problem?");
    p[0] = '\0';
  }
}

bool os::Bsd::manually_expand_stack(JavaThread * t, address addr) {
  assert(t!=NULL, "just checking");
  assert(t->osthread()->expanding_stack(), "expand should be set");
  assert(t->stack_base() != NULL, "stack_base was not initialized");

  if (addr <  t->stack_base() && addr >= t->stack_yellow_zone_base()) {
    sigset_t mask_all, old_sigset;
    sigfillset(&mask_all);
    pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask_all, &old_sigset);
    _expand_stack_to(addr);
    pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_sigset, NULL);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
#endif

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// create new thread

static address highest_vm_reserved_address();

// check if it's safe to start a new thread
static bool _thread_safety_check(Thread* thread) {
#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
    return true;
#else
  if (os::Bsd::is_BsdThreads() && !os::Bsd::is_floating_stack()) {
    // Fixed stack BsdThreads (SuSE Bsd/x86, and some versions of Redhat)
    //   Heap is mmap'ed at lower end of memory space. Thread stacks are
    //   allocated (MAP_FIXED) from high address space. Every thread stack
    //   occupies a fixed size slot (usually 2Mbytes, but user can change
    //   it to other values if they rebuild BsdThreads).
    //
    // Problem with MAP_FIXED is that mmap() can still succeed even part of
    // the memory region has already been mmap'ed. That means if we have too
    // many threads and/or very large heap, eventually thread stack will
    // collide with heap.
    //
    // Here we try to prevent heap/stack collision by comparing current
    // stack bottom with the highest address that has been mmap'ed by JVM
    // plus a safety margin for memory maps created by native code.
    //
    // This feature can be disabled by setting ThreadSafetyMargin to 0
    //
    if (ThreadSafetyMargin > 0) {
      address stack_bottom = os::current_stack_base() - os::current_stack_size();

      // not safe if our stack extends below the safety margin
      return stack_bottom - ThreadSafetyMargin >= highest_vm_reserved_address();
    } else {
      return true;
    }
  } else {
    // Floating stack BsdThreads or NPTL:
    //   Unlike fixed stack BsdThreads, thread stacks are not MAP_FIXED. When
    //   there's not enough space left, pthread_create() will fail. If we come
    //   here, that means enough space has been reserved for stack.
    return true;
  }
#endif
}

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#ifdef __APPLE__
// library handle for calling objc_registerThreadWithCollector()
// without static linking to the libobjc library
#define OBJC_LIB "/usr/lib/libobjc.dylib"
#define OBJC_GCREGISTER "objc_registerThreadWithCollector"
typedef void (*objc_registerThreadWithCollector_t)();
extern "C" objc_registerThreadWithCollector_t objc_registerThreadWithCollectorFunction;
objc_registerThreadWithCollector_t objc_registerThreadWithCollectorFunction = NULL;
#endif

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// Thread start routine for all newly created threads
static void *java_start(Thread *thread) {
  // Try to randomize the cache line index of hot stack frames.
  // This helps when threads of the same stack traces evict each other's
  // cache lines. The threads can be either from the same JVM instance, or
  // from different JVM instances. The benefit is especially true for
  // processors with hyperthreading technology.
  static int counter = 0;
  int pid = os::current_process_id();
  alloca(((pid ^ counter++) & 7) * 128);

  ThreadLocalStorage::set_thread(thread);

  OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();
  Monitor* sync = osthread->startThread_lock();

  // non floating stack BsdThreads needs extra check, see above
  if (!_thread_safety_check(thread)) {
    // notify parent thread
    MutexLockerEx ml(sync, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    osthread->set_state(ZOMBIE);
    sync->notify_all();
    return NULL;
  }

#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
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#ifdef __APPLE__
  // thread_id is mach thread on macos
  osthread->set_thread_id(::mach_thread_self());
#else
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  // thread_id is pthread_id on BSD
  osthread->set_thread_id(::pthread_self());
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#endif
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#else
  // thread_id is kernel thread id (similar to Solaris LWP id)
  osthread->set_thread_id(os::Bsd::gettid());

  if (UseNUMA) {
    int lgrp_id = os::numa_get_group_id();
    if (lgrp_id != -1) {
      thread->set_lgrp_id(lgrp_id);
    }
  }
#endif
  // initialize signal mask for this thread
  os::Bsd::hotspot_sigmask(thread);

  // initialize floating point control register
  os::Bsd::init_thread_fpu_state();

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#ifdef __APPLE__
  // register thread with objc gc
  if (objc_registerThreadWithCollectorFunction != NULL) {
    objc_registerThreadWithCollectorFunction();
  }
#endif

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  // handshaking with parent thread
  {
    MutexLockerEx ml(sync, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

    // notify parent thread
    osthread->set_state(INITIALIZED);
    sync->notify_all();

    // wait until os::start_thread()
    while (osthread->get_state() == INITIALIZED) {
      sync->wait(Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    }
  }

  // call one more level start routine
  thread->run();

  return 0;
}

bool os::create_thread(Thread* thread, ThreadType thr_type, size_t stack_size) {
  assert(thread->osthread() == NULL, "caller responsible");

  // Allocate the OSThread object
  OSThread* osthread = new OSThread(NULL, NULL);
  if (osthread == NULL) {
    return false;
  }

  // set the correct thread state
  osthread->set_thread_type(thr_type);

  // Initial state is ALLOCATED but not INITIALIZED
  osthread->set_state(ALLOCATED);

  thread->set_osthread(osthread);

  // init thread attributes
  pthread_attr_t attr;
  pthread_attr_init(&attr);
  pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);

  // stack size
  if (os::Bsd::supports_variable_stack_size()) {
    // calculate stack size if it's not specified by caller
    if (stack_size == 0) {
      stack_size = os::Bsd::default_stack_size(thr_type);

      switch (thr_type) {
      case os::java_thread:
        // Java threads use ThreadStackSize which default value can be
        // changed with the flag -Xss
        assert (JavaThread::stack_size_at_create() > 0, "this should be set");
        stack_size = JavaThread::stack_size_at_create();
        break;
      case os::compiler_thread:
        if (CompilerThreadStackSize > 0) {
          stack_size = (size_t)(CompilerThreadStackSize * K);
          break;
        } // else fall through:
          // use VMThreadStackSize if CompilerThreadStackSize is not defined
      case os::vm_thread:
      case os::pgc_thread:
      case os::cgc_thread:
      case os::watcher_thread:
        if (VMThreadStackSize > 0) stack_size = (size_t)(VMThreadStackSize * K);
        break;
      }
    }

    stack_size = MAX2(stack_size, os::Bsd::min_stack_allowed);
    pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stack_size);
  } else {
    // let pthread_create() pick the default value.
  }

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  // glibc guard page
  pthread_attr_setguardsize(&attr, os::Bsd::default_guard_size(thr_type));
#endif

  ThreadState state;

  {

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
    // Serialize thread creation if we are running with fixed stack BsdThreads
    bool lock = os::Bsd::is_BsdThreads() && !os::Bsd::is_floating_stack();
    if (lock) {
      os::Bsd::createThread_lock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
    }
#endif

    pthread_t tid;
    int ret = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, (void* (*)(void*)) java_start, thread);

    pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);

    if (ret != 0) {
      if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
        perror("pthread_create()");
      }
      // Need to clean up stuff we've allocated so far
      thread->set_osthread(NULL);
      delete osthread;
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
      if (lock) os::Bsd::createThread_lock()->unlock();
#endif
      return false;
    }

    // Store pthread info into the OSThread
    osthread->set_pthread_id(tid);

    // Wait until child thread is either initialized or aborted
    {
      Monitor* sync_with_child = osthread->startThread_lock();
      MutexLockerEx ml(sync_with_child, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
      while ((state = osthread->get_state()) == ALLOCATED) {
        sync_with_child->wait(Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
      }
    }

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
    if (lock) {
      os::Bsd::createThread_lock()->unlock();
    }
#endif
  }

  // Aborted due to thread limit being reached
  if (state == ZOMBIE) {
      thread->set_osthread(NULL);
      delete osthread;
      return false;
  }

  // The thread is returned suspended (in state INITIALIZED),
  // and is started higher up in the call chain
  assert(state == INITIALIZED, "race condition");
  return true;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// attach existing thread

// bootstrap the main thread
bool os::create_main_thread(JavaThread* thread) {
  assert(os::Bsd::_main_thread == pthread_self(), "should be called inside main thread");
  return create_attached_thread(thread);
}

bool os::create_attached_thread(JavaThread* thread) {
#ifdef ASSERT
    thread->verify_not_published();
#endif

  // Allocate the OSThread object
  OSThread* osthread = new OSThread(NULL, NULL);

  if (osthread == NULL) {
    return false;
  }

  // Store pthread info into the OSThread
#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
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#ifdef __APPLE__
  osthread->set_thread_id(::mach_thread_self());
#else
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  osthread->set_thread_id(::pthread_self());
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#endif
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#else
  osthread->set_thread_id(os::Bsd::gettid());
#endif
  osthread->set_pthread_id(::pthread_self());

  // initialize floating point control register
  os::Bsd::init_thread_fpu_state();

  // Initial thread state is RUNNABLE
  osthread->set_state(RUNNABLE);

  thread->set_osthread(osthread);

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  if (UseNUMA) {
    int lgrp_id = os::numa_get_group_id();
    if (lgrp_id != -1) {
      thread->set_lgrp_id(lgrp_id);
    }
  }

  if (os::Bsd::is_initial_thread()) {
    // If current thread is initial thread, its stack is mapped on demand,
    // see notes about MAP_GROWSDOWN. Here we try to force kernel to map
    // the entire stack region to avoid SEGV in stack banging.
    // It is also useful to get around the heap-stack-gap problem on SuSE
    // kernel (see 4821821 for details). We first expand stack to the top
    // of yellow zone, then enable stack yellow zone (order is significant,
    // enabling yellow zone first will crash JVM on SuSE Bsd), so there
    // is no gap between the last two virtual memory regions.

    JavaThread *jt = (JavaThread *)thread;
    address addr = jt->stack_yellow_zone_base();
    assert(addr != NULL, "initialization problem?");
    assert(jt->stack_available(addr) > 0, "stack guard should not be enabled");

    osthread->set_expanding_stack();
    os::Bsd::manually_expand_stack(jt, addr);
    osthread->clear_expanding_stack();
  }
#endif

  // initialize signal mask for this thread
  // and save the caller's signal mask
  os::Bsd::hotspot_sigmask(thread);

  return true;
}

void os::pd_start_thread(Thread* thread) {
  OSThread * osthread = thread->osthread();
  assert(osthread->get_state() != INITIALIZED, "just checking");
  Monitor* sync_with_child = osthread->startThread_lock();
  MutexLockerEx ml(sync_with_child, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  sync_with_child->notify();
}

// Free Bsd resources related to the OSThread
void os::free_thread(OSThread* osthread) {
  assert(osthread != NULL, "osthread not set");

  if (Thread::current()->osthread() == osthread) {
    // Restore caller's signal mask
    sigset_t sigmask = osthread->caller_sigmask();
    pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, NULL);
   }

  delete osthread;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// thread local storage

int os::allocate_thread_local_storage() {
  pthread_key_t key;
  int rslt = pthread_key_create(&key, NULL);
  assert(rslt == 0, "cannot allocate thread local storage");
  return (int)key;
}

// Note: This is currently not used by VM, as we don't destroy TLS key
// on VM exit.
void os::free_thread_local_storage(int index) {
  int rslt = pthread_key_delete((pthread_key_t)index);
  assert(rslt == 0, "invalid index");
}

void os::thread_local_storage_at_put(int index, void* value) {
  int rslt = pthread_setspecific((pthread_key_t)index, value);
  assert(rslt == 0, "pthread_setspecific failed");
}

extern "C" Thread* get_thread() {
  return ThreadLocalStorage::thread();
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// initial thread

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
// Check if current thread is the initial thread, similar to Solaris thr_main.
bool os::Bsd::is_initial_thread(void) {
  char dummy;
  // If called before init complete, thread stack bottom will be null.
  // Can be called if fatal error occurs before initialization.
  if (initial_thread_stack_bottom() == NULL) return false;
  assert(initial_thread_stack_bottom() != NULL &&
         initial_thread_stack_size()   != 0,
         "os::init did not locate initial thread's stack region");
  if ((address)&dummy >= initial_thread_stack_bottom() &&
      (address)&dummy < initial_thread_stack_bottom() + initial_thread_stack_size())
       return true;
  else return false;
}

// Find the virtual memory area that contains addr
static bool find_vma(address addr, address* vma_low, address* vma_high) {
  FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
  if (fp) {
    address low, high;
    while (!feof(fp)) {
      if (fscanf(fp, "%p-%p", &low, &high) == 2) {
        if (low <= addr && addr < high) {
           if (vma_low)  *vma_low  = low;
           if (vma_high) *vma_high = high;
           fclose (fp);
           return true;
        }
      }
      for (;;) {
        int ch = fgetc(fp);
        if (ch == EOF || ch == (int)'\n') break;
      }
    }
    fclose(fp);
  }
  return false;
}

// Locate initial thread stack. This special handling of initial thread stack
// is needed because pthread_getattr_np() on most (all?) Bsd distros returns
// bogus value for initial thread.
void os::Bsd::capture_initial_stack(size_t max_size) {
  // stack size is the easy part, get it from RLIMIT_STACK
  size_t stack_size;
  struct rlimit rlim;
  getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim);
  stack_size = rlim.rlim_cur;

  // 6308388: a bug in ld.so will relocate its own .data section to the
  //   lower end of primordial stack; reduce ulimit -s value a little bit
  //   so we won't install guard page on ld.so's data section.
  stack_size -= 2 * page_size();

  // 4441425: avoid crash with "unlimited" stack size on SuSE 7.1 or Redhat
  //   7.1, in both cases we will get 2G in return value.
  // 4466587: glibc 2.2.x compiled w/o "--enable-kernel=2.4.0" (RH 7.0,
  //   SuSE 7.2, Debian) can not handle alternate signal stack correctly
  //   for initial thread if its stack size exceeds 6M. Cap it at 2M,
  //   in case other parts in glibc still assumes 2M max stack size.
  // FIXME: alt signal stack is gone, maybe we can relax this constraint?
#ifndef IA64
  if (stack_size > 2 * K * K) stack_size = 2 * K * K;
#else
  // Problem still exists RH7.2 (IA64 anyway) but 2MB is a little small
  if (stack_size > 4 * K * K) stack_size = 4 * K * K;
#endif

  // Try to figure out where the stack base (top) is. This is harder.
  //
  // When an application is started, glibc saves the initial stack pointer in
  // a global variable "__libc_stack_end", which is then used by system
  // libraries. __libc_stack_end should be pretty close to stack top. The
  // variable is available since the very early days. However, because it is
  // a private interface, it could disappear in the future.
  //
  // Bsd kernel saves start_stack information in /proc/<pid>/stat. Similar
  // to __libc_stack_end, it is very close to stack top, but isn't the real
  // stack top. Note that /proc may not exist if VM is running as a chroot
  // program, so reading /proc/<pid>/stat could fail. Also the contents of
  // /proc/<pid>/stat could change in the future (though unlikely).
  //
  // We try __libc_stack_end first. If that doesn't work, look for
  // /proc/<pid>/stat. If neither of them works, we use current stack pointer
  // as a hint, which should work well in most cases.

  uintptr_t stack_start;

  // try __libc_stack_end first
  uintptr_t *p = (uintptr_t *)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "__libc_stack_end");
  if (p && *p) {
    stack_start = *p;
  } else {
    // see if we can get the start_stack field from /proc/self/stat
    FILE *fp;
    int pid;
    char state;
    int ppid;
    int pgrp;
    int session;
    int nr;
    int tpgrp;
    unsigned long flags;
    unsigned long minflt;
    unsigned long cminflt;
    unsigned long majflt;
    unsigned long cmajflt;
    unsigned long utime;
    unsigned long stime;
    long cutime;
    long cstime;
    long prio;
    long nice;
    long junk;
    long it_real;
    uintptr_t start;
    uintptr_t vsize;
    intptr_t rss;
    uintptr_t rsslim;
    uintptr_t scodes;
    uintptr_t ecode;
    int i;

    // Figure what the primordial thread stack base is. Code is inspired
    // by email from Hans Boehm. /proc/self/stat begins with current pid,
    // followed by command name surrounded by parentheses, state, etc.
    char stat[2048];
    int statlen;

    fp = fopen("/proc/self/stat", "r");
    if (fp) {
      statlen = fread(stat, 1, 2047, fp);
      stat[statlen] = '\0';
      fclose(fp);

      // Skip pid and the command string. Note that we could be dealing with
      // weird command names, e.g. user could decide to rename java launcher
      // to "java 1.4.2 :)", then the stat file would look like
      //                1234 (java 1.4.2 :)) R ... ...
      // We don't really need to know the command string, just find the last
      // occurrence of ")" and then start parsing from there. See bug 4726580.
      char * s = strrchr(stat, ')');

      i = 0;
      if (s) {
        // Skip blank chars
        do s++; while (isspace(*s));

#define _UFM UINTX_FORMAT
#define _DFM INTX_FORMAT

        /*                                     1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   2   2    2    2    2    2    2    2    2 */
        /*              3  4  5  6  7  8   9   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   0   1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8 */
        i = sscanf(s, "%c %d %d %d %d %d %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld " _UFM _UFM _DFM _UFM _UFM _UFM _UFM,
             &state,          /* 3  %c  */
             &ppid,           /* 4  %d  */
             &pgrp,           /* 5  %d  */
             &session,        /* 6  %d  */
             &nr,             /* 7  %d  */
             &tpgrp,          /* 8  %d  */
             &flags,          /* 9  %lu  */
             &minflt,         /* 10 %lu  */
             &cminflt,        /* 11 %lu  */
             &majflt,         /* 12 %lu  */
             &cmajflt,        /* 13 %lu  */
             &utime,          /* 14 %lu  */
             &stime,          /* 15 %lu  */
             &cutime,         /* 16 %ld  */
             &cstime,         /* 17 %ld  */
             &prio,           /* 18 %ld  */
             &nice,           /* 19 %ld  */
             &junk,           /* 20 %ld  */
             &it_real,        /* 21 %ld  */
             &start,          /* 22 UINTX_FORMAT */
             &vsize,          /* 23 UINTX_FORMAT */
             &rss,            /* 24 INTX_FORMAT  */
             &rsslim,         /* 25 UINTX_FORMAT */
             &scodes,         /* 26 UINTX_FORMAT */
             &ecode,          /* 27 UINTX_FORMAT */
             &stack_start);   /* 28 UINTX_FORMAT */
      }

#undef _UFM
#undef _DFM

      if (i != 28 - 2) {
         assert(false, "Bad conversion from /proc/self/stat");
         // product mode - assume we are the initial thread, good luck in the
         // embedded case.
         warning("Can't detect initial thread stack location - bad conversion");
         stack_start = (uintptr_t) &rlim;
      }
    } else {
      // For some reason we can't open /proc/self/stat (for example, running on
      // FreeBSD with a Bsd emulator, or inside chroot), this should work for
      // most cases, so don't abort:
      warning("Can't detect initial thread stack location - no /proc/self/stat");
      stack_start = (uintptr_t) &rlim;
    }
  }

  // Now we have a pointer (stack_start) very close to the stack top, the
  // next thing to do is to figure out the exact location of stack top. We
  // can find out the virtual memory area that contains stack_start by
  // reading /proc/self/maps, it should be the last vma in /proc/self/maps,
  // and its upper limit is the real stack top. (again, this would fail if
  // running inside chroot, because /proc may not exist.)

  uintptr_t stack_top;
  address low, high;
  if (find_vma((address)stack_start, &low, &high)) {
    // success, "high" is the true stack top. (ignore "low", because initial
    // thread stack grows on demand, its real bottom is high - RLIMIT_STACK.)
    stack_top = (uintptr_t)high;
  } else {
    // failed, likely because /proc/self/maps does not exist
    warning("Can't detect initial thread stack location - find_vma failed");
    // best effort: stack_start is normally within a few pages below the real
    // stack top, use it as stack top, and reduce stack size so we won't put
    // guard page outside stack.
    stack_top = stack_start;
    stack_size -= 16 * page_size();
  }

  // stack_top could be partially down the page so align it
  stack_top = align_size_up(stack_top, page_size());

  if (max_size && stack_size > max_size) {
     _initial_thread_stack_size = max_size;
  } else {
     _initial_thread_stack_size = stack_size;
  }

  _initial_thread_stack_size = align_size_down(_initial_thread_stack_size, page_size());
  _initial_thread_stack_bottom = (address)stack_top - _initial_thread_stack_size;
}
#endif

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// time support

// Time since start-up in seconds to a fine granularity.
// Used by VMSelfDestructTimer and the MemProfiler.
double os::elapsedTime() {

  return (double)(os::elapsed_counter()) * 0.000001;
}

jlong os::elapsed_counter() {
  timeval time;
  int status = gettimeofday(&time, NULL);
  return jlong(time.tv_sec) * 1000 * 1000 + jlong(time.tv_usec) - initial_time_count;
}

jlong os::elapsed_frequency() {
  return (1000 * 1000);
}

// XXX: For now, code this as if BSD does not support vtime.
bool os::supports_vtime() { return false; }
bool os::enable_vtime()   { return false; }
bool os::vtime_enabled()  { return false; }
double os::elapsedVTime() {
  // better than nothing, but not much
  return elapsedTime();
}

jlong os::javaTimeMillis() {
  timeval time;
  int status = gettimeofday(&time, NULL);
  assert(status != -1, "bsd error");
  return jlong(time.tv_sec) * 1000  +  jlong(time.tv_usec / 1000);
}

#ifndef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
#define CLOCK_MONOTONIC (1)
#endif

#ifdef __APPLE__
void os::Bsd::clock_init() {
        // XXXDARWIN: Investigate replacement monotonic clock
}
#elif defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE)
void os::Bsd::clock_init() {
  struct timespec res;
  struct timespec tp;
  if (::clock_getres(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &res) == 0 &&
      ::clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tp)  == 0) {
    // yes, monotonic clock is supported
    _clock_gettime = ::clock_gettime;
  }
}
#else
void os::Bsd::clock_init() {
  // we do dlopen's in this particular order due to bug in bsd
  // dynamical loader (see 6348968) leading to crash on exit
  void* handle = dlopen("librt.so.1", RTLD_LAZY);
  if (handle == NULL) {
    handle = dlopen("librt.so", RTLD_LAZY);
  }

  if (handle) {
    int (*clock_getres_func)(clockid_t, struct timespec*) =
           (int(*)(clockid_t, struct timespec*))dlsym(handle, "clock_getres");
    int (*clock_gettime_func)(clockid_t, struct timespec*) =
           (int(*)(clockid_t, struct timespec*))dlsym(handle, "clock_gettime");
    if (clock_getres_func && clock_gettime_func) {
      // See if monotonic clock is supported by the kernel. Note that some
      // early implementations simply return kernel jiffies (updated every
      // 1/100 or 1/1000 second). It would be bad to use such a low res clock
      // for nano time (though the monotonic property is still nice to have).
      // It's fixed in newer kernels, however clock_getres() still returns
      // 1/HZ. We check if clock_getres() works, but will ignore its reported
      // resolution for now. Hopefully as people move to new kernels, this
      // won't be a problem.
      struct timespec res;
      struct timespec tp;
      if (clock_getres_func (CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &res) == 0 &&
          clock_gettime_func(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tp)  == 0) {
        // yes, monotonic clock is supported
        _clock_gettime = clock_gettime_func;
      } else {
        // close librt if there is no monotonic clock
        dlclose(handle);
      }
    }
  }
}
#endif

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
#ifndef SYS_clock_getres

#if defined(IA32) || defined(AMD64)
#define SYS_clock_getres IA32_ONLY(266)  AMD64_ONLY(229)
#define sys_clock_getres(x,y)  ::syscall(SYS_clock_getres, x, y)
#else
#warning "SYS_clock_getres not defined for this platform, disabling fast_thread_cpu_time"
#define sys_clock_getres(x,y)  -1
#endif

#else
#define sys_clock_getres(x,y)  ::syscall(SYS_clock_getres, x, y)
#endif

void os::Bsd::fast_thread_clock_init() {
  if (!UseBsdPosixThreadCPUClocks) {
    return;
  }
  clockid_t clockid;
  struct timespec tp;
  int (*pthread_getcpuclockid_func)(pthread_t, clockid_t *) =
      (int(*)(pthread_t, clockid_t *)) dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "pthread_getcpuclockid");

  // Switch to using fast clocks for thread cpu time if
  // the sys_clock_getres() returns 0 error code.
  // Note, that some kernels may support the current thread
  // clock (CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID) but not the clocks
  // returned by the pthread_getcpuclockid().
  // If the fast Posix clocks are supported then the sys_clock_getres()
  // must return at least tp.tv_sec == 0 which means a resolution
  // better than 1 sec. This is extra check for reliability.

  if(pthread_getcpuclockid_func &&
     pthread_getcpuclockid_func(_main_thread, &clockid) == 0 &&
     sys_clock_getres(clockid, &tp) == 0 && tp.tv_sec == 0) {

    _supports_fast_thread_cpu_time = true;
    _pthread_getcpuclockid = pthread_getcpuclockid_func;
  }
}
#endif

jlong os::javaTimeNanos() {
  if (Bsd::supports_monotonic_clock()) {
    struct timespec tp;
    int status = Bsd::clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tp);
    assert(status == 0, "gettime error");
    jlong result = jlong(tp.tv_sec) * (1000 * 1000 * 1000) + jlong(tp.tv_nsec);
    return result;
  } else {
    timeval time;
    int status = gettimeofday(&time, NULL);
    assert(status != -1, "bsd error");
    jlong usecs = jlong(time.tv_sec) * (1000 * 1000) + jlong(time.tv_usec);
    return 1000 * usecs;
  }
}

void os::javaTimeNanos_info(jvmtiTimerInfo *info_ptr) {
  if (Bsd::supports_monotonic_clock()) {
    info_ptr->max_value = ALL_64_BITS;

    // CLOCK_MONOTONIC - amount of time since some arbitrary point in the past
    info_ptr->may_skip_backward = false;      // not subject to resetting or drifting
    info_ptr->may_skip_forward = false;       // not subject to resetting or drifting
  } else {
    // gettimeofday - based on time in seconds since the Epoch thus does not wrap
    info_ptr->max_value = ALL_64_BITS;

    // gettimeofday is a real time clock so it skips
    info_ptr->may_skip_backward = true;
    info_ptr->may_skip_forward = true;
  }

  info_ptr->kind = JVMTI_TIMER_ELAPSED;                // elapsed not CPU time
}

// Return the real, user, and system times in seconds from an
// arbitrary fixed point in the past.
bool os::getTimesSecs(double* process_real_time,
                      double* process_user_time,
                      double* process_system_time) {
  struct tms ticks;
  clock_t real_ticks = times(&ticks);

  if (real_ticks == (clock_t) (-1)) {
    return false;
  } else {
    double ticks_per_second = (double) clock_tics_per_sec;
    *process_user_time = ((double) ticks.tms_utime) / ticks_per_second;
    *process_system_time = ((double) ticks.tms_stime) / ticks_per_second;
    *process_real_time = ((double) real_ticks) / ticks_per_second;

    return true;
  }
}


char * os::local_time_string(char *buf, size_t buflen) {
  struct tm t;
  time_t long_time;
  time(&long_time);
  localtime_r(&long_time, &t);
  jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
               t.tm_year + 1900, t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday,
               t.tm_hour, t.tm_min, t.tm_sec);
  return buf;
}

struct tm* os::localtime_pd(const time_t* clock, struct tm*  res) {
  return localtime_r(clock, res);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// runtime exit support

// Note: os::shutdown() might be called very early during initialization, or
// called from signal handler. Before adding something to os::shutdown(), make
// sure it is async-safe and can handle partially initialized VM.
void os::shutdown() {

  // allow PerfMemory to attempt cleanup of any persistent resources
  perfMemory_exit();

  // needs to remove object in file system
  AttachListener::abort();

  // flush buffered output, finish log files
  ostream_abort();

  // Check for abort hook
  abort_hook_t abort_hook = Arguments::abort_hook();
  if (abort_hook != NULL) {
    abort_hook();
  }

}

// Note: os::abort() might be called very early during initialization, or
// called from signal handler. Before adding something to os::abort(), make
// sure it is async-safe and can handle partially initialized VM.
void os::abort(bool dump_core) {
  os::shutdown();
  if (dump_core) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
    fdStream out(defaultStream::output_fd());
    out.print_raw("Current thread is ");
    char buf[16];
    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), UINTX_FORMAT, os::current_thread_id());
    out.print_raw_cr(buf);
    out.print_raw_cr("Dumping core ...");
#endif
    ::abort(); // dump core
  }

  ::exit(1);
}

// Die immediately, no exit hook, no abort hook, no cleanup.
void os::die() {
  // _exit() on BsdThreads only kills current thread
  ::abort();
}

// unused on bsd for now.
void os::set_error_file(const char *logfile) {}


// This method is a copy of JDK's sysGetLastErrorString
// from src/solaris/hpi/src/system_md.c

size_t os::lasterror(char *buf, size_t len) {

  if (errno == 0)  return 0;

  const char *s = ::strerror(errno);
  size_t n = ::strlen(s);
  if (n >= len) {
    n = len - 1;
  }
  ::strncpy(buf, s, n);
  buf[n] = '\0';
  return n;
}

1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825
intx os::current_thread_id() {
#ifdef __APPLE__
  return (intx)::mach_thread_self();
#else
  return (intx)::pthread_self();
#endif
}
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int os::current_process_id() {

  // Under the old bsd thread library, bsd gives each thread
  // its own process id. Because of this each thread will return
  // a different pid if this method were to return the result
  // of getpid(2). Bsd provides no api that returns the pid
  // of the launcher thread for the vm. This implementation
  // returns a unique pid, the pid of the launcher thread
  // that starts the vm 'process'.

  // Under the NPTL, getpid() returns the same pid as the
  // launcher thread rather than a unique pid per thread.
  // Use gettid() if you want the old pre NPTL behaviour.

  // if you are looking for the result of a call to getpid() that
  // returns a unique pid for the calling thread, then look at the
  // OSThread::thread_id() method in osThread_bsd.hpp file

  return (int)(_initial_pid ? _initial_pid : getpid());
}

// DLL functions

#define JNI_LIB_PREFIX "lib"
#ifdef __APPLE__
#define JNI_LIB_SUFFIX ".dylib"
#else
#define JNI_LIB_SUFFIX ".so"
#endif

const char* os::dll_file_extension() { return JNI_LIB_SUFFIX; }

// This must be hard coded because it's the system's temporary
// directory not the java application's temp directory, ala java.io.tmpdir.
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#ifdef __APPLE__
// macosx has a secure per-user temporary directory
char temp_path_storage[PATH_MAX];
const char* os::get_temp_directory() {
  static char *temp_path = NULL;
  if (temp_path == NULL) {
    int pathSize = confstr(_CS_DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR, temp_path_storage, PATH_MAX);
    if (pathSize == 0 || pathSize > PATH_MAX) {
      strlcpy(temp_path_storage, "/tmp/", sizeof(temp_path_storage));
    }
    temp_path = temp_path_storage;
  }
  return temp_path;
}
#else /* __APPLE__ */
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const char* os::get_temp_directory() { return "/tmp"; }
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#endif /* __APPLE__ */
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static bool file_exists(const char* filename) {
  struct stat statbuf;
  if (filename == NULL || strlen(filename) == 0) {
    return false;
  }
  return os::stat(filename, &statbuf) == 0;
}

void os::dll_build_name(char* buffer, size_t buflen,
                        const char* pname, const char* fname) {
  // Copied from libhpi
  const size_t pnamelen = pname ? strlen(pname) : 0;

  // Quietly truncate on buffer overflow.  Should be an error.
  if (pnamelen + strlen(fname) + strlen(JNI_LIB_PREFIX) + strlen(JNI_LIB_SUFFIX) + 2 > buflen) {
      *buffer = '\0';
      return;
  }

  if (pnamelen == 0) {
    snprintf(buffer, buflen, JNI_LIB_PREFIX "%s" JNI_LIB_SUFFIX, fname);
  } else if (strchr(pname, *os::path_separator()) != NULL) {
    int n;
    char** pelements = split_path(pname, &n);
    for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
      // Really shouldn't be NULL, but check can't hurt
      if (pelements[i] == NULL || strlen(pelements[i]) == 0) {
        continue; // skip the empty path values
      }
      snprintf(buffer, buflen, "%s/" JNI_LIB_PREFIX "%s" JNI_LIB_SUFFIX,
          pelements[i], fname);
      if (file_exists(buffer)) {
        break;
      }
    }
    // release the storage
    for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
      if (pelements[i] != NULL) {
        FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, pelements[i]);
      }
    }
    if (pelements != NULL) {
      FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, pelements);
    }
  } else {
    snprintf(buffer, buflen, "%s/" JNI_LIB_PREFIX "%s" JNI_LIB_SUFFIX, pname, fname);
  }
}

const char* os::get_current_directory(char *buf, int buflen) {
  return getcwd(buf, buflen);
}

// check if addr is inside libjvm[_g].so
bool os::address_is_in_vm(address addr) {
  static address libjvm_base_addr;
  Dl_info dlinfo;

  if (libjvm_base_addr == NULL) {
    dladdr(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void *, os::address_is_in_vm), &dlinfo);
    libjvm_base_addr = (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase;
    assert(libjvm_base_addr !=NULL, "Cannot obtain base address for libjvm");
  }

  if (dladdr((void *)addr, &dlinfo)) {
    if (libjvm_base_addr == (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase) return true;
  }

  return false;
}

bool os::dll_address_to_function_name(address addr, char *buf,
                                      int buflen, int *offset) {
  Dl_info dlinfo;

  if (dladdr((void*)addr, &dlinfo) && dlinfo.dli_sname != NULL) {
    if (buf != NULL) {
      if(!Decoder::demangle(dlinfo.dli_sname, buf, buflen)) {
        jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", dlinfo.dli_sname);
      }
    }
    if (offset != NULL) *offset = addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_saddr;
    return true;
  } else if (dlinfo.dli_fname != NULL && dlinfo.dli_fbase != 0) {
    if (Decoder::decode((address)(addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase),
1963
       buf, buflen, offset, dlinfo.dli_fname)) {
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       return true;
    }
  }

  if (buf != NULL) buf[0] = '\0';
  if (offset != NULL) *offset = -1;
  return false;
}

#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
// ported from solaris version
bool os::dll_address_to_library_name(address addr, char* buf,
                                     int buflen, int* offset) {
  Dl_info dlinfo;

  if (dladdr((void*)addr, &dlinfo)){
     if (buf) jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", dlinfo.dli_fname);
     if (offset) *offset = addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase;
     return true;
  } else {
     if (buf) buf[0] = '\0';
     if (offset) *offset = -1;
     return false;
  }
}
#else
struct _address_to_library_name {
  address addr;          // input : memory address
  size_t  buflen;        //         size of fname
  char*   fname;         // output: library name
  address base;          //         library base addr
};

static int address_to_library_name_callback(struct dl_phdr_info *info,
                                            size_t size, void *data) {
  int i;
  bool found = false;
  address libbase = NULL;
  struct _address_to_library_name * d = (struct _address_to_library_name *)data;

  // iterate through all loadable segments
  for (i = 0; i < info->dlpi_phnum; i++) {
    address segbase = (address)(info->dlpi_addr + info->dlpi_phdr[i].p_vaddr);
    if (info->dlpi_phdr[i].p_type == PT_LOAD) {
      // base address of a library is the lowest address of its loaded
      // segments.
      if (libbase == NULL || libbase > segbase) {
        libbase = segbase;
      }
      // see if 'addr' is within current segment
      if (segbase <= d->addr &&
          d->addr < segbase + info->dlpi_phdr[i].p_memsz) {
        found = true;
      }
    }
  }

  // dlpi_name is NULL or empty if the ELF file is executable, return 0
  // so dll_address_to_library_name() can fall through to use dladdr() which
  // can figure out executable name from argv[0].
  if (found && info->dlpi_name && info->dlpi_name[0]) {
    d->base = libbase;
    if (d->fname) {
      jio_snprintf(d->fname, d->buflen, "%s", info->dlpi_name);
    }
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

bool os::dll_address_to_library_name(address addr, char* buf,
                                     int buflen, int* offset) {
  Dl_info dlinfo;
  struct _address_to_library_name data;

  // There is a bug in old glibc dladdr() implementation that it could resolve
  // to wrong library name if the .so file has a base address != NULL. Here
  // we iterate through the program headers of all loaded libraries to find
  // out which library 'addr' really belongs to. This workaround can be
  // removed once the minimum requirement for glibc is moved to 2.3.x.
  data.addr = addr;
  data.fname = buf;
  data.buflen = buflen;
  data.base = NULL;
  int rslt = dl_iterate_phdr(address_to_library_name_callback, (void *)&data);

  if (rslt) {
     // buf already contains library name
     if (offset) *offset = addr - data.base;
     return true;
  } else if (dladdr((void*)addr, &dlinfo)){
     if (buf) jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", dlinfo.dli_fname);
     if (offset) *offset = addr - (address)dlinfo.dli_fbase;
     return true;
  } else {
     if (buf) buf[0] = '\0';
     if (offset) *offset = -1;
     return false;
  }
}
#endif

  // Loads .dll/.so and
  // in case of error it checks if .dll/.so was built for the
  // same architecture as Hotspot is running on

#ifdef __APPLE__
void * os::dll_load(const char *filename, char *ebuf, int ebuflen) {
  void * result= ::dlopen(filename, RTLD_LAZY);
  if (result != NULL) {
    // Successful loading
    return result;
  }

  // Read system error message into ebuf
  ::strncpy(ebuf, ::dlerror(), ebuflen-1);
  ebuf[ebuflen-1]='\0';

  return NULL;
}
#else
void * os::dll_load(const char *filename, char *ebuf, int ebuflen)
{
  void * result= ::dlopen(filename, RTLD_LAZY);
  if (result != NULL) {
    // Successful loading
    return result;
  }

  Elf32_Ehdr elf_head;

  // Read system error message into ebuf
  // It may or may not be overwritten below
  ::strncpy(ebuf, ::dlerror(), ebuflen-1);
  ebuf[ebuflen-1]='\0';
  int diag_msg_max_length=ebuflen-strlen(ebuf);
  char* diag_msg_buf=ebuf+strlen(ebuf);

  if (diag_msg_max_length==0) {
    // No more space in ebuf for additional diagnostics message
    return NULL;
  }


  int file_descriptor= ::open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);

  if (file_descriptor < 0) {
    // Can't open library, report dlerror() message
    return NULL;
  }

  bool failed_to_read_elf_head=
    (sizeof(elf_head)!=
        (::read(file_descriptor, &elf_head,sizeof(elf_head)))) ;

  ::close(file_descriptor);
  if (failed_to_read_elf_head) {
    // file i/o error - report dlerror() msg
    return NULL;
  }

  typedef struct {
    Elf32_Half  code;         // Actual value as defined in elf.h
    Elf32_Half  compat_class; // Compatibility of archs at VM's sense
    char        elf_class;    // 32 or 64 bit
    char        endianess;    // MSB or LSB
    char*       name;         // String representation
  } arch_t;

  #ifndef EM_486
  #define EM_486          6               /* Intel 80486 */
  #endif

  #ifndef EM_MIPS_RS3_LE
  #define EM_MIPS_RS3_LE  10              /* MIPS */
  #endif

  #ifndef EM_PPC64
  #define EM_PPC64        21              /* PowerPC64 */
  #endif

  #ifndef EM_S390
  #define EM_S390         22              /* IBM System/390 */
  #endif

  #ifndef EM_IA_64
  #define EM_IA_64        50              /* HP/Intel IA-64 */
  #endif

  #ifndef EM_X86_64
  #define EM_X86_64       62              /* AMD x86-64 */
  #endif

  static const arch_t arch_array[]={
    {EM_386,         EM_386,     ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"IA 32"},
    {EM_486,         EM_386,     ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"IA 32"},
    {EM_IA_64,       EM_IA_64,   ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"IA 64"},
    {EM_X86_64,      EM_X86_64,  ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"AMD 64"},
    {EM_SPARC,       EM_SPARC,   ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Sparc 32"},
    {EM_SPARC32PLUS, EM_SPARC,   ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Sparc 32"},
    {EM_SPARCV9,     EM_SPARCV9, ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Sparc v9 64"},
    {EM_PPC,         EM_PPC,     ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Power PC 32"},
    {EM_PPC64,       EM_PPC64,   ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"Power PC 64"},
    {EM_ARM,         EM_ARM,     ELFCLASS32,   ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"ARM"},
    {EM_S390,        EM_S390,    ELFCLASSNONE, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"IBM System/390"},
    {EM_ALPHA,       EM_ALPHA,   ELFCLASS64, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"Alpha"},
    {EM_MIPS_RS3_LE, EM_MIPS_RS3_LE, ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2LSB, (char*)"MIPSel"},
    {EM_MIPS,        EM_MIPS,    ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"MIPS"},
    {EM_PARISC,      EM_PARISC,  ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"PARISC"},
    {EM_68K,         EM_68K,     ELFCLASS32, ELFDATA2MSB, (char*)"M68k"}
  };

  #if  (defined IA32)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_386;
  #elif   (defined AMD64)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_X86_64;
  #elif  (defined IA64)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_IA_64;
  #elif  (defined __sparc) && (defined _LP64)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_SPARCV9;
  #elif  (defined __sparc) && (!defined _LP64)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_SPARC;
  #elif  (defined __powerpc64__)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_PPC64;
  #elif  (defined __powerpc__)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_PPC;
  #elif  (defined ARM)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_ARM;
  #elif  (defined S390)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_S390;
  #elif  (defined ALPHA)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_ALPHA;
  #elif  (defined MIPSEL)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_MIPS_RS3_LE;
  #elif  (defined PARISC)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_PARISC;
  #elif  (defined MIPS)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_MIPS;
  #elif  (defined M68K)
    static  Elf32_Half running_arch_code=EM_68K;
  #else
    #error Method os::dll_load requires that one of following is defined:\
         IA32, AMD64, IA64, __sparc, __powerpc__, ARM, S390, ALPHA, MIPS, MIPSEL, PARISC, M68K
  #endif

  // Identify compatability class for VM's architecture and library's architecture
  // Obtain string descriptions for architectures

  arch_t lib_arch={elf_head.e_machine,0,elf_head.e_ident[EI_CLASS], elf_head.e_ident[EI_DATA], NULL};
  int running_arch_index=-1;

  for (unsigned int i=0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(arch_array) ; i++ ) {
    if (running_arch_code == arch_array[i].code) {
      running_arch_index    = i;
    }
    if (lib_arch.code == arch_array[i].code) {
      lib_arch.compat_class = arch_array[i].compat_class;
      lib_arch.name         = arch_array[i].name;
    }
  }

  assert(running_arch_index != -1,
    "Didn't find running architecture code (running_arch_code) in arch_array");
  if (running_arch_index == -1) {
    // Even though running architecture detection failed
    // we may still continue with reporting dlerror() message
    return NULL;
  }

  if (lib_arch.endianess != arch_array[running_arch_index].endianess) {
    ::snprintf(diag_msg_buf, diag_msg_max_length-1," (Possible cause: endianness mismatch)");
    return NULL;
  }

#ifndef S390
  if (lib_arch.elf_class != arch_array[running_arch_index].elf_class) {
    ::snprintf(diag_msg_buf, diag_msg_max_length-1," (Possible cause: architecture word width mismatch)");
    return NULL;
  }
#endif // !S390

  if (lib_arch.compat_class != arch_array[running_arch_index].compat_class) {
    if ( lib_arch.name!=NULL ) {
      ::snprintf(diag_msg_buf, diag_msg_max_length-1,
        " (Possible cause: can't load %s-bit .so on a %s-bit platform)",
        lib_arch.name, arch_array[running_arch_index].name);
    } else {
      ::snprintf(diag_msg_buf, diag_msg_max_length-1,
      " (Possible cause: can't load this .so (machine code=0x%x) on a %s-bit platform)",
        lib_arch.code,
        arch_array[running_arch_index].name);
    }
  }

  return NULL;
}
#endif /* !__APPLE__ */

// XXX: Do we need a lock around this as per Linux?
void* os::dll_lookup(void* handle, const char* name) {
  return dlsym(handle, name);
}


static bool _print_ascii_file(const char* filename, outputStream* st) {
  int fd = ::open(filename, O_RDONLY);
  if (fd == -1) {
     return false;
  }

  char buf[32];
  int bytes;
  while ((bytes = ::read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
    st->print_raw(buf, bytes);
  }

  ::close(fd);

  return true;
}

void os::print_dll_info(outputStream *st) {
   st->print_cr("Dynamic libraries:");
#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
#ifdef RTLD_DI_LINKMAP
    Dl_info dli;
    void *handle;
    Link_map *map;
    Link_map *p;

    if (!dladdr(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void *, os::print_dll_info), &dli)) {
        st->print_cr("Error: Cannot print dynamic libraries.");
        return;
    }
    handle = dlopen(dli.dli_fname, RTLD_LAZY);
    if (handle == NULL) {
        st->print_cr("Error: Cannot print dynamic libraries.");
        return;
    }
    dlinfo(handle, RTLD_DI_LINKMAP, &map);
    if (map == NULL) {
        st->print_cr("Error: Cannot print dynamic libraries.");
        return;
    }

    while (map->l_prev != NULL)
        map = map->l_prev;

    while (map != NULL) {
        st->print_cr(PTR_FORMAT " \t%s", map->l_addr, map->l_name);
        map = map->l_next;
    }

    dlclose(handle);
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
    uint32_t count;
    uint32_t i;

    count = _dyld_image_count();
    for (i = 1; i < count; i++) {
        const char *name = _dyld_get_image_name(i);
        intptr_t slide = _dyld_get_image_vmaddr_slide(i);
        st->print_cr(PTR_FORMAT " \t%s", slide, name);
    }
#else
   st->print_cr("Error: Cannot print dynamic libraries.");
#endif
#else
   char fname[32];
   pid_t pid = os::Bsd::gettid();

   jio_snprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "/proc/%d/maps", pid);

   if (!_print_ascii_file(fname, st)) {
     st->print("Can not get library information for pid = %d\n", pid);
   }
#endif
}

2343 2344 2345 2346 2347
void os::print_os_info_brief(outputStream* st) {
  st->print("Bsd");

  os::Posix::print_uname_info(st);
}
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void os::print_os_info(outputStream* st) {
  st->print("OS:");
2351
  st->print("Bsd");
N
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2352

2353
  os::Posix::print_uname_info(st);
N
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2354

2355
  os::Posix::print_rlimit_info(st);
N
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2356

2357
  os::Posix::print_load_average(st);
N
never 已提交
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}

void os::pd_print_cpu_info(outputStream* st) {
  // Nothing to do for now.
}

void os::print_memory_info(outputStream* st) {

  st->print("Memory:");
  st->print(" %dk page", os::vm_page_size()>>10);

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  // values in struct sysinfo are "unsigned long"
  struct sysinfo si;
  sysinfo(&si);
#endif

  st->print(", physical " UINT64_FORMAT "k",
            os::physical_memory() >> 10);
  st->print("(" UINT64_FORMAT "k free)",
            os::available_memory() >> 10);
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  st->print(", swap " UINT64_FORMAT "k",
            ((jlong)si.totalswap * si.mem_unit) >> 10);
  st->print("(" UINT64_FORMAT "k free)",
            ((jlong)si.freeswap * si.mem_unit) >> 10);
#endif
  st->cr();

  // meminfo
  st->print("\n/proc/meminfo:\n");
  _print_ascii_file("/proc/meminfo", st);
  st->cr();
}

// Taken from /usr/include/bits/siginfo.h  Supposed to be architecture specific
// but they're the same for all the bsd arch that we support
// and they're the same for solaris but there's no common place to put this.
const char *ill_names[] = { "ILL0", "ILL_ILLOPC", "ILL_ILLOPN", "ILL_ILLADR",
                          "ILL_ILLTRP", "ILL_PRVOPC", "ILL_PRVREG",
                          "ILL_COPROC", "ILL_BADSTK" };

const char *fpe_names[] = { "FPE0", "FPE_INTDIV", "FPE_INTOVF", "FPE_FLTDIV",
                          "FPE_FLTOVF", "FPE_FLTUND", "FPE_FLTRES",
                          "FPE_FLTINV", "FPE_FLTSUB", "FPE_FLTDEN" };

const char *segv_names[] = { "SEGV0", "SEGV_MAPERR", "SEGV_ACCERR" };

const char *bus_names[] = { "BUS0", "BUS_ADRALN", "BUS_ADRERR", "BUS_OBJERR" };

void os::print_siginfo(outputStream* st, void* siginfo) {
  st->print("siginfo:");

  const int buflen = 100;
  char buf[buflen];
  siginfo_t *si = (siginfo_t*)siginfo;
  st->print("si_signo=%s: ", os::exception_name(si->si_signo, buf, buflen));
  if (si->si_errno != 0 && strerror_r(si->si_errno, buf, buflen) == 0) {
    st->print("si_errno=%s", buf);
  } else {
    st->print("si_errno=%d", si->si_errno);
  }
  const int c = si->si_code;
  assert(c > 0, "unexpected si_code");
  switch (si->si_signo) {
  case SIGILL:
    st->print(", si_code=%d (%s)", c, c > 8 ? "" : ill_names[c]);
    st->print(", si_addr=" PTR_FORMAT, si->si_addr);
    break;
  case SIGFPE:
    st->print(", si_code=%d (%s)", c, c > 9 ? "" : fpe_names[c]);
    st->print(", si_addr=" PTR_FORMAT, si->si_addr);
    break;
  case SIGSEGV:
    st->print(", si_code=%d (%s)", c, c > 2 ? "" : segv_names[c]);
    st->print(", si_addr=" PTR_FORMAT, si->si_addr);
    break;
  case SIGBUS:
    st->print(", si_code=%d (%s)", c, c > 3 ? "" : bus_names[c]);
    st->print(", si_addr=" PTR_FORMAT, si->si_addr);
    break;
  default:
    st->print(", si_code=%d", si->si_code);
    // no si_addr
  }

  if ((si->si_signo == SIGBUS || si->si_signo == SIGSEGV) &&
      UseSharedSpaces) {
    FileMapInfo* mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
    if (mapinfo->is_in_shared_space(si->si_addr)) {
      st->print("\n\nError accessing class data sharing archive."   \
                " Mapped file inaccessible during execution, "      \
                " possible disk/network problem.");
    }
  }
  st->cr();
}


static void print_signal_handler(outputStream* st, int sig,
                                 char* buf, size_t buflen);

void os::print_signal_handlers(outputStream* st, char* buf, size_t buflen) {
  st->print_cr("Signal Handlers:");
  print_signal_handler(st, SIGSEGV, buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SIGBUS , buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SIGFPE , buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SIGPIPE, buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SIGXFSZ, buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SIGILL , buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, INTERRUPT_SIGNAL, buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SR_signum, buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL, buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL , buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL , buf, buflen);
  print_signal_handler(st, BREAK_SIGNAL, buf, buflen);
}

static char saved_jvm_path[MAXPATHLEN] = {0};

2478
// Find the full path to the current module, libjvm or libjvm_g
N
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void os::jvm_path(char *buf, jint buflen) {
  // Error checking.
  if (buflen < MAXPATHLEN) {
    assert(false, "must use a large-enough buffer");
    buf[0] = '\0';
    return;
  }
  // Lazy resolve the path to current module.
  if (saved_jvm_path[0] != 0) {
    strcpy(buf, saved_jvm_path);
    return;
  }

  char dli_fname[MAXPATHLEN];
  bool ret = dll_address_to_library_name(
                CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, os::jvm_path),
                dli_fname, sizeof(dli_fname), NULL);
  assert(ret != 0, "cannot locate libjvm");
  char *rp = realpath(dli_fname, buf);
  if (rp == NULL)
    return;

  if (Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher()) {
    // Support for the gamma launcher.  Typical value for buf is
2503
    // "<JAVA_HOME>/jre/lib/<arch>/<vmtype>/libjvm".  If "/jre/lib/" appears at
N
never 已提交
2504
    // the right place in the string, then assume we are installed in a JDK and
2505 2506 2507
    // we're done.  Otherwise, check for a JAVA_HOME environment variable and
    // construct a path to the JVM being overridden.

N
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    const char *p = buf + strlen(buf) - 1;
    for (int count = 0; p > buf && count < 5; ++count) {
      for (--p; p > buf && *p != '/'; --p)
        /* empty */ ;
    }

    if (strncmp(p, "/jre/lib/", 9) != 0) {
      // Look for JAVA_HOME in the environment.
      char* java_home_var = ::getenv("JAVA_HOME");
      if (java_home_var != NULL && java_home_var[0] != 0) {
        char* jrelib_p;
        int len;

2521
        // Check the current module name "libjvm" or "libjvm_g".
N
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        p = strrchr(buf, '/');
        assert(strstr(p, "/libjvm") == p, "invalid library name");
        p = strstr(p, "_g") ? "_g" : "";

        rp = realpath(java_home_var, buf);
        if (rp == NULL)
          return;

        // determine if this is a legacy image or modules image
        // modules image doesn't have "jre" subdirectory
        len = strlen(buf);
        jrelib_p = buf + len;
2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544

        // Add the appropriate library subdir
        snprintf(jrelib_p, buflen-len, "/jre/lib");
        if (0 != access(buf, F_OK)) {
          snprintf(jrelib_p, buflen-len, "/lib");
        }

        // Add the appropriate client or server subdir
        len = strlen(buf);
        jrelib_p = buf + len;
        snprintf(jrelib_p, buflen-len, "/%s", COMPILER_VARIANT);
N
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        if (0 != access(buf, F_OK)) {
2546
          snprintf(jrelib_p, buflen-len, "");
N
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2547 2548
        }

2549 2550 2551
        // If the path exists within JAVA_HOME, add the JVM library name
        // to complete the path to JVM being overridden.  Otherwise fallback
        // to the path to the current library.
N
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2552
        if (0 == access(buf, F_OK)) {
2553 2554 2555
          // Use current module name "libjvm[_g]" instead of
          // "libjvm"debug_only("_g")"" since for fastdebug version
          // we should have "libjvm" but debug_only("_g") adds "_g"!
N
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2556
          len = strlen(buf);
2557
          snprintf(buf + len, buflen-len, "/libjvm%s%s", p, JNI_LIB_SUFFIX);
N
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2558
        } else {
2559
          // Fall back to path of current library
N
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          rp = realpath(dli_fname, buf);
          if (rp == NULL)
            return;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  strcpy(saved_jvm_path, buf);
}

void os::print_jni_name_prefix_on(outputStream* st, int args_size) {
  // no prefix required, not even "_"
}

void os::print_jni_name_suffix_on(outputStream* st, int args_size) {
  // no suffix required
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// sun.misc.Signal support

static volatile jint sigint_count = 0;

static void
UserHandler(int sig, void *siginfo, void *context) {
  // 4511530 - sem_post is serialized and handled by the manager thread. When
  // the program is interrupted by Ctrl-C, SIGINT is sent to every thread. We
  // don't want to flood the manager thread with sem_post requests.
  if (sig == SIGINT && Atomic::add(1, &sigint_count) > 1)
      return;

  // Ctrl-C is pressed during error reporting, likely because the error
  // handler fails to abort. Let VM die immediately.
  if (sig == SIGINT && is_error_reported()) {
     os::die();
  }

  os::signal_notify(sig);
}

void* os::user_handler() {
  return CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, UserHandler);
}

extern "C" {
  typedef void (*sa_handler_t)(int);
  typedef void (*sa_sigaction_t)(int, siginfo_t *, void *);
}

void* os::signal(int signal_number, void* handler) {
  struct sigaction sigAct, oldSigAct;

  sigfillset(&(sigAct.sa_mask));
  sigAct.sa_flags   = SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO;
  sigAct.sa_handler = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(sa_handler_t, handler);

  if (sigaction(signal_number, &sigAct, &oldSigAct)) {
    // -1 means registration failed
    return (void *)-1;
  }

  return CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, oldSigAct.sa_handler);
}

void os::signal_raise(int signal_number) {
  ::raise(signal_number);
}

/*
 * The following code is moved from os.cpp for making this
 * code platform specific, which it is by its very nature.
 */

// Will be modified when max signal is changed to be dynamic
int os::sigexitnum_pd() {
  return NSIG;
}

// a counter for each possible signal value
static volatile jint pending_signals[NSIG+1] = { 0 };

// Bsd(POSIX) specific hand shaking semaphore.
#ifdef __APPLE__
static semaphore_t sig_sem;
#define SEM_INIT(sem, value)    semaphore_create(mach_task_self(), &sem, SYNC_POLICY_FIFO, value)
#define SEM_WAIT(sem)           semaphore_wait(sem);
#define SEM_POST(sem)           semaphore_signal(sem);
#else
static sem_t sig_sem;
#define SEM_INIT(sem, value)    sem_init(&sem, 0, value)
#define SEM_WAIT(sem)           sem_wait(&sem);
#define SEM_POST(sem)           sem_post(&sem);
#endif

void os::signal_init_pd() {
  // Initialize signal structures
  ::memset((void*)pending_signals, 0, sizeof(pending_signals));

  // Initialize signal semaphore
  ::SEM_INIT(sig_sem, 0);
}

void os::signal_notify(int sig) {
  Atomic::inc(&pending_signals[sig]);
  ::SEM_POST(sig_sem);
}

static int check_pending_signals(bool wait) {
  Atomic::store(0, &sigint_count);
  for (;;) {
    for (int i = 0; i < NSIG + 1; i++) {
      jint n = pending_signals[i];
      if (n > 0 && n == Atomic::cmpxchg(n - 1, &pending_signals[i], n)) {
        return i;
      }
    }
    if (!wait) {
      return -1;
    }
    JavaThread *thread = JavaThread::current();
    ThreadBlockInVM tbivm(thread);

    bool threadIsSuspended;
    do {
      thread->set_suspend_equivalent();
      // cleared by handle_special_suspend_equivalent_condition() or java_suspend_self()
      ::SEM_WAIT(sig_sem);

      // were we externally suspended while we were waiting?
      threadIsSuspended = thread->handle_special_suspend_equivalent_condition();
      if (threadIsSuspended) {
        //
        // The semaphore has been incremented, but while we were waiting
        // another thread suspended us. We don't want to continue running
        // while suspended because that would surprise the thread that
        // suspended us.
        //
        ::SEM_POST(sig_sem);

        thread->java_suspend_self();
      }
    } while (threadIsSuspended);
  }
}

int os::signal_lookup() {
  return check_pending_signals(false);
}

int os::signal_wait() {
  return check_pending_signals(true);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Virtual Memory

int os::vm_page_size() {
  // Seems redundant as all get out
  assert(os::Bsd::page_size() != -1, "must call os::init");
  return os::Bsd::page_size();
}

// Solaris allocates memory by pages.
int os::vm_allocation_granularity() {
  assert(os::Bsd::page_size() != -1, "must call os::init");
  return os::Bsd::page_size();
}

// Rationale behind this function:
//  current (Mon Apr 25 20:12:18 MSD 2005) oprofile drops samples without executable
//  mapping for address (see lookup_dcookie() in the kernel module), thus we cannot get
//  samples for JITted code. Here we create private executable mapping over the code cache
//  and then we can use standard (well, almost, as mapping can change) way to provide
//  info for the reporting script by storing timestamp and location of symbol
void bsd_wrap_code(char* base, size_t size) {
  static volatile jint cnt = 0;

  if (!UseOprofile) {
    return;
  }

  char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
  int num = Atomic::add(1, &cnt);

  snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX + 1, "%s/hs-vm-%d-%d",
           os::get_temp_directory(), os::current_process_id(), num);
  unlink(buf);

  int fd = ::open(buf, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, S_IRWXU);

  if (fd != -1) {
    off_t rv = ::lseek(fd, size-2, SEEK_SET);
    if (rv != (off_t)-1) {
      if (::write(fd, "", 1) == 1) {
        mmap(base, size,
             PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC,
             MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_NORESERVE, fd, 0);
      }
    }
    ::close(fd);
    unlink(buf);
  }
}

// NOTE: Bsd kernel does not really reserve the pages for us.
//       All it does is to check if there are enough free pages
//       left at the time of mmap(). This could be a potential
//       problem.
bool os::commit_memory(char* addr, size_t size, bool exec) {
  int prot = exec ? PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC : PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
#ifdef __OpenBSD__
  // XXX: Work-around mmap/MAP_FIXED bug temporarily on OpenBSD
  return ::mprotect(addr, size, prot) == 0;
#else
  uintptr_t res = (uintptr_t) ::mmap(addr, size, prot,
                                   MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
  return res != (uintptr_t) MAP_FAILED;
#endif
}

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
// Define MAP_HUGETLB here so we can build HotSpot on old systems.
#ifndef MAP_HUGETLB
#define MAP_HUGETLB 0x40000
#endif

// Define MADV_HUGEPAGE here so we can build HotSpot on old systems.
#ifndef MADV_HUGEPAGE
#define MADV_HUGEPAGE 14
#endif
#endif

bool os::commit_memory(char* addr, size_t size, size_t alignment_hint,
                       bool exec) {
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  if (UseHugeTLBFS && alignment_hint > (size_t)vm_page_size()) {
    int prot = exec ? PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC : PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
    uintptr_t res =
      (uintptr_t) ::mmap(addr, size, prot,
                         MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_HUGETLB,
                         -1, 0);
    return res != (uintptr_t) MAP_FAILED;
  }
#endif

  return commit_memory(addr, size, exec);
}

void os::realign_memory(char *addr, size_t bytes, size_t alignment_hint) {
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  if (UseHugeTLBFS && alignment_hint > (size_t)vm_page_size()) {
    // We don't check the return value: madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) may not
    // be supported or the memory may already be backed by huge pages.
    ::madvise(addr, bytes, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
  }
#endif
}

2819
void os::free_memory(char *addr, size_t bytes, size_t alignment_hint) {
N
never 已提交
2820 2821 2822 2823 2824 2825 2826 2827 2828 2829 2830 2831 2832 2833 2834 2835 2836 2837 2838 2839 2840 2841 2842 2843 2844 2845 2846 2847 2848 2849 2850 2851 2852 2853 2854 2855 2856 2857 2858 2859 2860 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 2879 2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2888 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2901 2902 2903 2904 2905 2906 2907 2908 2909 2910 2911 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943 2944 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2960 2961 2962 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990 2991 2992 2993 2994 2995 2996 2997 2998 2999 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 3008 3009 3010 3011 3012 3013 3014 3015 3016 3017 3018 3019 3020 3021 3022 3023 3024 3025 3026 3027 3028 3029 3030 3031 3032 3033 3034 3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040 3041 3042 3043 3044 3045 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055 3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065 3066 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071 3072 3073 3074 3075 3076 3077 3078 3079 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3192 3193 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220 3221 3222 3223 3224 3225 3226 3227 3228 3229 3230 3231 3232 3233 3234 3235 3236 3237 3238 3239 3240 3241 3242 3243 3244 3245 3246 3247 3248 3249 3250 3251 3252 3253 3254 3255 3256 3257 3258 3259 3260 3261 3262 3263 3264 3265 3266 3267 3268 3269 3270 3271 3272 3273 3274 3275 3276 3277 3278 3279 3280 3281 3282 3283 3284 3285 3286 3287 3288 3289 3290 3291 3292 3293 3294 3295 3296 3297 3298 3299 3300 3301 3302 3303 3304 3305 3306 3307 3308 3309 3310 3311 3312 3313 3314 3315 3316 3317 3318 3319 3320 3321 3322 3323 3324 3325 3326 3327 3328 3329 3330 3331 3332 3333 3334 3335 3336 3337 3338 3339 3340 3341 3342 3343 3344 3345 3346 3347 3348 3349 3350 3351 3352 3353 3354 3355 3356 3357 3358 3359 3360 3361 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 3367 3368 3369 3370 3371 3372 3373 3374 3375 3376 3377 3378 3379 3380 3381 3382 3383 3384 3385 3386 3387 3388 3389 3390 3391 3392 3393 3394 3395 3396 3397 3398 3399 3400 3401 3402 3403 3404 3405 3406 3407 3408 3409 3410 3411 3412 3413 3414 3415 3416 3417 3418 3419 3420 3421 3422 3423 3424 3425 3426 3427 3428 3429 3430 3431 3432 3433 3434 3435 3436 3437 3438 3439 3440 3441 3442 3443 3444 3445 3446 3447 3448 3449
  ::madvise(addr, bytes, MADV_DONTNEED);
}

void os::numa_make_global(char *addr, size_t bytes) {
}

void os::numa_make_local(char *addr, size_t bytes, int lgrp_hint) {
}

bool os::numa_topology_changed()   { return false; }

size_t os::numa_get_groups_num() {
  return 1;
}

int os::numa_get_group_id() {
  return 0;
}

size_t os::numa_get_leaf_groups(int *ids, size_t size) {
  if (size > 0) {
    ids[0] = 0;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

bool os::get_page_info(char *start, page_info* info) {
  return false;
}

char *os::scan_pages(char *start, char* end, page_info* page_expected, page_info* page_found) {
  return end;
}

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
// Something to do with the numa-aware allocator needs these symbols
extern "C" JNIEXPORT void numa_warn(int number, char *where, ...) { }
extern "C" JNIEXPORT void numa_error(char *where) { }
extern "C" JNIEXPORT int fork1() { return fork(); }


// If we are running with libnuma version > 2, then we should
// be trying to use symbols with versions 1.1
// If we are running with earlier version, which did not have symbol versions,
// we should use the base version.
void* os::Bsd::libnuma_dlsym(void* handle, const char *name) {
  void *f = dlvsym(handle, name, "libnuma_1.1");
  if (f == NULL) {
    f = dlsym(handle, name);
  }
  return f;
}

bool os::Bsd::libnuma_init() {
  // sched_getcpu() should be in libc.
  set_sched_getcpu(CAST_TO_FN_PTR(sched_getcpu_func_t,
                                  dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "sched_getcpu")));

  if (sched_getcpu() != -1) { // Does it work?
    void *handle = dlopen("libnuma.so.1", RTLD_LAZY);
    if (handle != NULL) {
      set_numa_node_to_cpus(CAST_TO_FN_PTR(numa_node_to_cpus_func_t,
                                           libnuma_dlsym(handle, "numa_node_to_cpus")));
      set_numa_max_node(CAST_TO_FN_PTR(numa_max_node_func_t,
                                       libnuma_dlsym(handle, "numa_max_node")));
      set_numa_available(CAST_TO_FN_PTR(numa_available_func_t,
                                        libnuma_dlsym(handle, "numa_available")));
      set_numa_tonode_memory(CAST_TO_FN_PTR(numa_tonode_memory_func_t,
                                            libnuma_dlsym(handle, "numa_tonode_memory")));
      set_numa_interleave_memory(CAST_TO_FN_PTR(numa_interleave_memory_func_t,
                                            libnuma_dlsym(handle, "numa_interleave_memory")));


      if (numa_available() != -1) {
        set_numa_all_nodes((unsigned long*)libnuma_dlsym(handle, "numa_all_nodes"));
        // Create a cpu -> node mapping
        _cpu_to_node = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP) GrowableArray<int>(0, true);
        rebuild_cpu_to_node_map();
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

// rebuild_cpu_to_node_map() constructs a table mapping cpud id to node id.
// The table is later used in get_node_by_cpu().
void os::Bsd::rebuild_cpu_to_node_map() {
  const size_t NCPUS = 32768; // Since the buffer size computation is very obscure
                              // in libnuma (possible values are starting from 16,
                              // and continuing up with every other power of 2, but less
                              // than the maximum number of CPUs supported by kernel), and
                              // is a subject to change (in libnuma version 2 the requirements
                              // are more reasonable) we'll just hardcode the number they use
                              // in the library.
  const size_t BitsPerCLong = sizeof(long) * CHAR_BIT;

  size_t cpu_num = os::active_processor_count();
  size_t cpu_map_size = NCPUS / BitsPerCLong;
  size_t cpu_map_valid_size =
    MIN2((cpu_num + BitsPerCLong - 1) / BitsPerCLong, cpu_map_size);

  cpu_to_node()->clear();
  cpu_to_node()->at_grow(cpu_num - 1);
  size_t node_num = numa_get_groups_num();

  unsigned long *cpu_map = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(unsigned long, cpu_map_size);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < node_num; i++) {
    if (numa_node_to_cpus(i, cpu_map, cpu_map_size * sizeof(unsigned long)) != -1) {
      for (size_t j = 0; j < cpu_map_valid_size; j++) {
        if (cpu_map[j] != 0) {
          for (size_t k = 0; k < BitsPerCLong; k++) {
            if (cpu_map[j] & (1UL << k)) {
              cpu_to_node()->at_put(j * BitsPerCLong + k, i);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(unsigned long, cpu_map);
}

int os::Bsd::get_node_by_cpu(int cpu_id) {
  if (cpu_to_node() != NULL && cpu_id >= 0 && cpu_id < cpu_to_node()->length()) {
    return cpu_to_node()->at(cpu_id);
  }
  return -1;
}

GrowableArray<int>* os::Bsd::_cpu_to_node;
os::Bsd::sched_getcpu_func_t os::Bsd::_sched_getcpu;
os::Bsd::numa_node_to_cpus_func_t os::Bsd::_numa_node_to_cpus;
os::Bsd::numa_max_node_func_t os::Bsd::_numa_max_node;
os::Bsd::numa_available_func_t os::Bsd::_numa_available;
os::Bsd::numa_tonode_memory_func_t os::Bsd::_numa_tonode_memory;
os::Bsd::numa_interleave_memory_func_t os::Bsd::_numa_interleave_memory;
unsigned long* os::Bsd::_numa_all_nodes;
#endif

bool os::uncommit_memory(char* addr, size_t size) {
#ifdef __OpenBSD__
  // XXX: Work-around mmap/MAP_FIXED bug temporarily on OpenBSD
  return ::mprotect(addr, size, PROT_NONE) == 0;
#else
  uintptr_t res = (uintptr_t) ::mmap(addr, size, PROT_NONE,
                MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_NORESERVE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
  return res  != (uintptr_t) MAP_FAILED;
#endif
}

bool os::create_stack_guard_pages(char* addr, size_t size) {
  return os::commit_memory(addr, size);
}

// If this is a growable mapping, remove the guard pages entirely by
// munmap()ping them.  If not, just call uncommit_memory().
bool os::remove_stack_guard_pages(char* addr, size_t size) {
  return os::uncommit_memory(addr, size);
}

static address _highest_vm_reserved_address = NULL;

// If 'fixed' is true, anon_mmap() will attempt to reserve anonymous memory
// at 'requested_addr'. If there are existing memory mappings at the same
// location, however, they will be overwritten. If 'fixed' is false,
// 'requested_addr' is only treated as a hint, the return value may or
// may not start from the requested address. Unlike Bsd mmap(), this
// function returns NULL to indicate failure.
static char* anon_mmap(char* requested_addr, size_t bytes, bool fixed) {
  char * addr;
  int flags;

  flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_NORESERVE | MAP_ANONYMOUS;
  if (fixed) {
    assert((uintptr_t)requested_addr % os::Bsd::page_size() == 0, "unaligned address");
    flags |= MAP_FIXED;
  }

  // Map uncommitted pages PROT_READ and PROT_WRITE, change access
  // to PROT_EXEC if executable when we commit the page.
  addr = (char*)::mmap(requested_addr, bytes, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
                       flags, -1, 0);

  if (addr != MAP_FAILED) {
    // anon_mmap() should only get called during VM initialization,
    // don't need lock (actually we can skip locking even it can be called
    // from multiple threads, because _highest_vm_reserved_address is just a
    // hint about the upper limit of non-stack memory regions.)
    if ((address)addr + bytes > _highest_vm_reserved_address) {
      _highest_vm_reserved_address = (address)addr + bytes;
    }
  }

  return addr == MAP_FAILED ? NULL : addr;
}

// Don't update _highest_vm_reserved_address, because there might be memory
// regions above addr + size. If so, releasing a memory region only creates
// a hole in the address space, it doesn't help prevent heap-stack collision.
//
static int anon_munmap(char * addr, size_t size) {
  return ::munmap(addr, size) == 0;
}

char* os::reserve_memory(size_t bytes, char* requested_addr,
                         size_t alignment_hint) {
  return anon_mmap(requested_addr, bytes, (requested_addr != NULL));
}

bool os::release_memory(char* addr, size_t size) {
  return anon_munmap(addr, size);
}

static address highest_vm_reserved_address() {
  return _highest_vm_reserved_address;
}

static bool bsd_mprotect(char* addr, size_t size, int prot) {
  // Bsd wants the mprotect address argument to be page aligned.
  char* bottom = (char*)align_size_down((intptr_t)addr, os::Bsd::page_size());

  // According to SUSv3, mprotect() should only be used with mappings
  // established by mmap(), and mmap() always maps whole pages. Unaligned
  // 'addr' likely indicates problem in the VM (e.g. trying to change
  // protection of malloc'ed or statically allocated memory). Check the
  // caller if you hit this assert.
  assert(addr == bottom, "sanity check");

  size = align_size_up(pointer_delta(addr, bottom, 1) + size, os::Bsd::page_size());
  return ::mprotect(bottom, size, prot) == 0;
}

// Set protections specified
bool os::protect_memory(char* addr, size_t bytes, ProtType prot,
                        bool is_committed) {
  unsigned int p = 0;
  switch (prot) {
  case MEM_PROT_NONE: p = PROT_NONE; break;
  case MEM_PROT_READ: p = PROT_READ; break;
  case MEM_PROT_RW:   p = PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE; break;
  case MEM_PROT_RWX:  p = PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC; break;
  default:
    ShouldNotReachHere();
  }
  // is_committed is unused.
  return bsd_mprotect(addr, bytes, p);
}

bool os::guard_memory(char* addr, size_t size) {
  return bsd_mprotect(addr, size, PROT_NONE);
}

bool os::unguard_memory(char* addr, size_t size) {
  return bsd_mprotect(addr, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE);
}

bool os::Bsd::hugetlbfs_sanity_check(bool warn, size_t page_size) {
  bool result = false;
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  void *p = mmap (NULL, page_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
                  MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_HUGETLB,
                  -1, 0);

  if (p != (void *) -1) {
    // We don't know if this really is a huge page or not.
    FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
    if (fp) {
      while (!feof(fp)) {
        char chars[257];
        long x = 0;
        if (fgets(chars, sizeof(chars), fp)) {
          if (sscanf(chars, "%lx-%*x", &x) == 1
              && x == (long)p) {
            if (strstr (chars, "hugepage")) {
              result = true;
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      }
      fclose(fp);
    }
    munmap (p, page_size);
    if (result)
      return true;
  }

  if (warn) {
    warning("HugeTLBFS is not supported by the operating system.");
  }
#endif

  return result;
}

/*
* Set the coredump_filter bits to include largepages in core dump (bit 6)
*
* From the coredump_filter documentation:
*
* - (bit 0) anonymous private memory
* - (bit 1) anonymous shared memory
* - (bit 2) file-backed private memory
* - (bit 3) file-backed shared memory
* - (bit 4) ELF header pages in file-backed private memory areas (it is
*           effective only if the bit 2 is cleared)
* - (bit 5) hugetlb private memory
* - (bit 6) hugetlb shared memory
*/
static void set_coredump_filter(void) {
  FILE *f;
  long cdm;

  if ((f = fopen("/proc/self/coredump_filter", "r+")) == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  if (fscanf(f, "%lx", &cdm) != 1) {
    fclose(f);
    return;
  }

  rewind(f);

  if ((cdm & LARGEPAGES_BIT) == 0) {
    cdm |= LARGEPAGES_BIT;
    fprintf(f, "%#lx", cdm);
  }

  fclose(f);
}

// Large page support

static size_t _large_page_size = 0;

void os::large_page_init() {
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  if (!UseLargePages) {
    UseHugeTLBFS = false;
    UseSHM = false;
    return;
  }

  if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseHugeTLBFS) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseSHM)) {
    // If UseLargePages is specified on the command line try both methods,
    // if it's default, then try only HugeTLBFS.
    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages)) {
      UseHugeTLBFS = true;
    } else {
      UseHugeTLBFS = UseSHM = true;
    }
  }

  if (LargePageSizeInBytes) {
    _large_page_size = LargePageSizeInBytes;
  } else {
    // large_page_size on Bsd is used to round up heap size. x86 uses either
    // 2M or 4M page, depending on whether PAE (Physical Address Extensions)
    // mode is enabled. AMD64/EM64T uses 2M page in 64bit mode. IA64 can use
    // page as large as 256M.
    //
    // Here we try to figure out page size by parsing /proc/meminfo and looking
    // for a line with the following format:
    //    Hugepagesize:     2048 kB
    //
    // If we can't determine the value (e.g. /proc is not mounted, or the text
    // format has been changed), we'll use the largest page size supported by
    // the processor.

#ifndef ZERO
    _large_page_size = IA32_ONLY(4 * M) AMD64_ONLY(2 * M) IA64_ONLY(256 * M) SPARC_ONLY(4 * M)
                       ARM_ONLY(2 * M) PPC_ONLY(4 * M);
#endif // ZERO

    FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
    if (fp) {
      while (!feof(fp)) {
        int x = 0;
        char buf[16];
        if (fscanf(fp, "Hugepagesize: %d", &x) == 1) {
          if (x && fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) && strcmp(buf, " kB\n") == 0) {
            _large_page_size = x * K;
            break;
          }
        } else {
          // skip to next line
          for (;;) {
            int ch = fgetc(fp);
            if (ch == EOF || ch == (int)'\n') break;
          }
        }
      }
      fclose(fp);
    }
  }

  // print a warning if any large page related flag is specified on command line
  bool warn_on_failure = !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseHugeTLBFS);

  const size_t default_page_size = (size_t)Bsd::page_size();
  if (_large_page_size > default_page_size) {
    _page_sizes[0] = _large_page_size;
    _page_sizes[1] = default_page_size;
    _page_sizes[2] = 0;
  }
  UseHugeTLBFS = UseHugeTLBFS &&
                 Bsd::hugetlbfs_sanity_check(warn_on_failure, _large_page_size);

  if (UseHugeTLBFS)
    UseSHM = false;

  UseLargePages = UseHugeTLBFS || UseSHM;

  set_coredump_filter();
#endif
}

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
#ifndef SHM_HUGETLB
#define SHM_HUGETLB 04000
#endif
#endif

char* os::reserve_memory_special(size_t bytes, char* req_addr, bool exec) {
  // "exec" is passed in but not used.  Creating the shared image for
  // the code cache doesn't have an SHM_X executable permission to check.
  assert(UseLargePages && UseSHM, "only for SHM large pages");

  key_t key = IPC_PRIVATE;
  char *addr;

  bool warn_on_failure = UseLargePages &&
                        (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) ||
                         !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LargePageSizeInBytes)
                        );
  char msg[128];

  // Create a large shared memory region to attach to based on size.
  // Currently, size is the total size of the heap
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  int shmid = shmget(key, bytes, SHM_HUGETLB|IPC_CREAT|SHM_R|SHM_W);
#else
  int shmid = shmget(key, bytes, IPC_CREAT|SHM_R|SHM_W);
#endif
  if (shmid == -1) {
     // Possible reasons for shmget failure:
     // 1. shmmax is too small for Java heap.
     //    > check shmmax value: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
     //    > increase shmmax value: echo "0xffffffff" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
     // 2. not enough large page memory.
     //    > check available large pages: cat /proc/meminfo
     //    > increase amount of large pages:
     //          echo new_value > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
     //      Note 1: different Bsd may use different name for this property,
     //            e.g. on Redhat AS-3 it is "hugetlb_pool".
     //      Note 2: it's possible there's enough physical memory available but
     //            they are so fragmented after a long run that they can't
     //            coalesce into large pages. Try to reserve large pages when
     //            the system is still "fresh".
     if (warn_on_failure) {
       jio_snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Failed to reserve shared memory (errno = %d).", errno);
       warning(msg);
     }
     return NULL;
  }

  // attach to the region
  addr = (char*)shmat(shmid, req_addr, 0);
  int err = errno;

  // Remove shmid. If shmat() is successful, the actual shared memory segment
  // will be deleted when it's detached by shmdt() or when the process
  // terminates. If shmat() is not successful this will remove the shared
  // segment immediately.
  shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);

  if ((intptr_t)addr == -1) {
     if (warn_on_failure) {
       jio_snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "Failed to attach shared memory (errno = %d).", err);
       warning(msg);
     }
     return NULL;
  }

  return addr;
}

bool os::release_memory_special(char* base, size_t bytes) {
  // detaching the SHM segment will also delete it, see reserve_memory_special()
  int rslt = shmdt(base);
  return rslt == 0;
}

size_t os::large_page_size() {
  return _large_page_size;
}

// HugeTLBFS allows application to commit large page memory on demand;
// with SysV SHM the entire memory region must be allocated as shared
// memory.
bool os::can_commit_large_page_memory() {
  return UseHugeTLBFS;
}

bool os::can_execute_large_page_memory() {
  return UseHugeTLBFS;
}

// Reserve memory at an arbitrary address, only if that area is
// available (and not reserved for something else).

char* os::attempt_reserve_memory_at(size_t bytes, char* requested_addr) {
  const int max_tries = 10;
  char* base[max_tries];
  size_t size[max_tries];
  const size_t gap = 0x000000;

  // Assert only that the size is a multiple of the page size, since
  // that's all that mmap requires, and since that's all we really know
  // about at this low abstraction level.  If we need higher alignment,
  // we can either pass an alignment to this method or verify alignment
  // in one of the methods further up the call chain.  See bug 5044738.
  assert(bytes % os::vm_page_size() == 0, "reserving unexpected size block");

  // Repeatedly allocate blocks until the block is allocated at the
  // right spot. Give up after max_tries. Note that reserve_memory() will
  // automatically update _highest_vm_reserved_address if the call is
  // successful. The variable tracks the highest memory address every reserved
  // by JVM. It is used to detect heap-stack collision if running with
  // fixed-stack BsdThreads. Because here we may attempt to reserve more
  // space than needed, it could confuse the collision detecting code. To
  // solve the problem, save current _highest_vm_reserved_address and
  // calculate the correct value before return.
  address old_highest = _highest_vm_reserved_address;

  // Bsd mmap allows caller to pass an address as hint; give it a try first,
  // if kernel honors the hint then we can return immediately.
  char * addr = anon_mmap(requested_addr, bytes, false);
  if (addr == requested_addr) {
     return requested_addr;
  }

  if (addr != NULL) {
     // mmap() is successful but it fails to reserve at the requested address
     anon_munmap(addr, bytes);
  }

  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < max_tries; ++i) {
    base[i] = reserve_memory(bytes);

    if (base[i] != NULL) {
      // Is this the block we wanted?
      if (base[i] == requested_addr) {
        size[i] = bytes;
        break;
      }

      // Does this overlap the block we wanted? Give back the overlapped
      // parts and try again.

      size_t top_overlap = requested_addr + (bytes + gap) - base[i];
      if (top_overlap >= 0 && top_overlap < bytes) {
        unmap_memory(base[i], top_overlap);
        base[i] += top_overlap;
        size[i] = bytes - top_overlap;
      } else {
        size_t bottom_overlap = base[i] + bytes - requested_addr;
        if (bottom_overlap >= 0 && bottom_overlap < bytes) {
          unmap_memory(requested_addr, bottom_overlap);
          size[i] = bytes - bottom_overlap;
        } else {
          size[i] = bytes;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // Give back the unused reserved pieces.

  for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
    if (base[j] != NULL) {
      unmap_memory(base[j], size[j]);
    }
  }

  if (i < max_tries) {
    _highest_vm_reserved_address = MAX2(old_highest, (address)requested_addr + bytes);
    return requested_addr;
  } else {
    _highest_vm_reserved_address = old_highest;
    return NULL;
  }
}

size_t os::read(int fd, void *buf, unsigned int nBytes) {
  RESTARTABLE_RETURN_INT(::read(fd, buf, nBytes));
}

// TODO-FIXME: reconcile Solaris' os::sleep with the bsd variation.
// Solaris uses poll(), bsd uses park().
// Poll() is likely a better choice, assuming that Thread.interrupt()
// generates a SIGUSRx signal. Note that SIGUSR1 can interfere with
// SIGSEGV, see 4355769.

int os::sleep(Thread* thread, jlong millis, bool interruptible) {
  assert(thread == Thread::current(),  "thread consistency check");

  ParkEvent * const slp = thread->_SleepEvent ;
  slp->reset() ;
  OrderAccess::fence() ;

  if (interruptible) {
    jlong prevtime = javaTimeNanos();

    for (;;) {
      if (os::is_interrupted(thread, true)) {
        return OS_INTRPT;
      }

      jlong newtime = javaTimeNanos();

      if (newtime - prevtime < 0) {
        // time moving backwards, should only happen if no monotonic clock
        // not a guarantee() because JVM should not abort on kernel/glibc bugs
        assert(!Bsd::supports_monotonic_clock(), "time moving backwards");
      } else {
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        millis -= (newtime - prevtime) / NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC;
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      }

      if(millis <= 0) {
        return OS_OK;
      }

      prevtime = newtime;

      {
        assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "sanity check");
        JavaThread *jt = (JavaThread *) thread;
        ThreadBlockInVM tbivm(jt);
        OSThreadWaitState osts(jt->osthread(), false /* not Object.wait() */);

        jt->set_suspend_equivalent();
        // cleared by handle_special_suspend_equivalent_condition() or
        // java_suspend_self() via check_and_wait_while_suspended()

        slp->park(millis);

        // were we externally suspended while we were waiting?
        jt->check_and_wait_while_suspended();
      }
    }
  } else {
    OSThreadWaitState osts(thread->osthread(), false /* not Object.wait() */);
    jlong prevtime = javaTimeNanos();

    for (;;) {
      // It'd be nice to avoid the back-to-back javaTimeNanos() calls on
      // the 1st iteration ...
      jlong newtime = javaTimeNanos();

      if (newtime - prevtime < 0) {
        // time moving backwards, should only happen if no monotonic clock
        // not a guarantee() because JVM should not abort on kernel/glibc bugs
        assert(!Bsd::supports_monotonic_clock(), "time moving backwards");
      } else {
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        millis -= (newtime - prevtime) / NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC;
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      }

      if(millis <= 0) break ;

      prevtime = newtime;
      slp->park(millis);
    }
    return OS_OK ;
  }
}

int os::naked_sleep() {
  // %% make the sleep time an integer flag. for now use 1 millisec.
  return os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
}

// Sleep forever; naked call to OS-specific sleep; use with CAUTION
void os::infinite_sleep() {
  while (true) {    // sleep forever ...
    ::sleep(100);   // ... 100 seconds at a time
  }
}

// Used to convert frequent JVM_Yield() to nops
bool os::dont_yield() {
  return DontYieldALot;
}

void os::yield() {
  sched_yield();
}

os::YieldResult os::NakedYield() { sched_yield(); return os::YIELD_UNKNOWN ;}

void os::yield_all(int attempts) {
  // Yields to all threads, including threads with lower priorities
  // Threads on Bsd are all with same priority. The Solaris style
  // os::yield_all() with nanosleep(1ms) is not necessary.
  sched_yield();
}

// Called from the tight loops to possibly influence time-sharing heuristics
void os::loop_breaker(int attempts) {
  os::yield_all(attempts);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// thread priority support

// Note: Normal Bsd applications are run with SCHED_OTHER policy. SCHED_OTHER
// only supports dynamic priority, static priority must be zero. For real-time
// applications, Bsd supports SCHED_RR which allows static priority (1-99).
// However, for large multi-threaded applications, SCHED_RR is not only slower
// than SCHED_OTHER, but also very unstable (my volano tests hang hard 4 out
// of 5 runs - Sep 2005).
//
// The following code actually changes the niceness of kernel-thread/LWP. It
// has an assumption that setpriority() only modifies one kernel-thread/LWP,
// not the entire user process, and user level threads are 1:1 mapped to kernel
// threads. It has always been the case, but could change in the future. For
// this reason, the code should not be used as default (ThreadPriorityPolicy=0).
// It is only used when ThreadPriorityPolicy=1 and requires root privilege.

#if defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) && !defined(__APPLE__)
3554
int os::java_to_os_priority[CriticalPriority + 1] = {
N
never 已提交
3555 3556 3557 3558 3559 3560
  19,              // 0 Entry should never be used

   0,              // 1 MinPriority
   3,              // 2
   6,              // 3

3561 3562 3563
  10,              // 4
  15,              // 5 NormPriority
  18,              // 6
N
never 已提交
3564

3565 3566 3567
  21,              // 7
  25,              // 8
  28,              // 9 NearMaxPriority
N
never 已提交
3568

3569 3570 3571
  31,              // 10 MaxPriority

  31               // 11 CriticalPriority
N
never 已提交
3572 3573 3574
};
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
/* Using Mach high-level priority assignments */
3575
int os::java_to_os_priority[CriticalPriority + 1] = {
N
never 已提交
3576 3577 3578 3579 3580 3581 3582 3583 3584 3585 3586 3587 3588 3589
   0,              // 0 Entry should never be used (MINPRI_USER)

  27,              // 1 MinPriority
  28,              // 2
  29,              // 3

  30,              // 4
  31,              // 5 NormPriority (BASEPRI_DEFAULT)
  32,              // 6

  33,              // 7
  34,              // 8
  35,              // 9 NearMaxPriority

3590 3591 3592
  36,              // 10 MaxPriority

  36               // 11 CriticalPriority
N
never 已提交
3593 3594
};
#else
3595
int os::java_to_os_priority[CriticalPriority + 1] = {
N
never 已提交
3596 3597 3598 3599 3600 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3606 3607 3608 3609
  19,              // 0 Entry should never be used

   4,              // 1 MinPriority
   3,              // 2
   2,              // 3

   1,              // 4
   0,              // 5 NormPriority
  -1,              // 6

  -2,              // 7
  -3,              // 8
  -4,              // 9 NearMaxPriority

3610 3611 3612
  -5,              // 10 MaxPriority

  -5               // 11 CriticalPriority
N
never 已提交
3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 3624 3625 3626 3627
};
#endif

static int prio_init() {
  if (ThreadPriorityPolicy == 1) {
    // Only root can raise thread priority. Don't allow ThreadPriorityPolicy=1
    // if effective uid is not root. Perhaps, a more elegant way of doing
    // this is to test CAP_SYS_NICE capability, but that will require libcap.so
    if (geteuid() != 0) {
      if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ThreadPriorityPolicy)) {
        warning("-XX:ThreadPriorityPolicy requires root privilege on Bsd");
      }
      ThreadPriorityPolicy = 0;
    }
  }
3628 3629 3630
  if (UseCriticalJavaThreadPriority) {
    os::java_to_os_priority[MaxPriority] = os::java_to_os_priority[CriticalPriority];
  }
N
never 已提交
3631 3632 3633 3634 3635 3636 3637 3638 3639 3640 3641 3642 3643 3644 3645 3646 3647 3648 3649 3650 3651 3652 3653 3654 3655 3656 3657 3658 3659 3660 3661 3662 3663 3664 3665 3666 3667 3668 3669 3670 3671 3672 3673 3674 3675 3676 3677 3678 3679 3680 3681 3682 3683 3684 3685 3686 3687 3688 3689 3690 3691 3692 3693 3694 3695 3696 3697 3698 3699 3700 3701 3702 3703 3704 3705 3706 3707 3708 3709 3710 3711 3712 3713 3714 3715 3716 3717 3718 3719 3720 3721 3722 3723 3724 3725 3726 3727 3728 3729 3730 3731 3732 3733 3734 3735 3736 3737 3738 3739 3740 3741 3742 3743 3744 3745 3746 3747 3748 3749 3750 3751 3752 3753 3754 3755 3756 3757 3758 3759 3760 3761 3762 3763 3764 3765 3766 3767 3768 3769 3770 3771 3772 3773 3774 3775 3776 3777 3778 3779 3780 3781 3782 3783 3784 3785 3786 3787 3788 3789 3790 3791 3792 3793 3794 3795 3796 3797 3798 3799 3800 3801 3802 3803 3804 3805 3806 3807 3808 3809 3810 3811 3812 3813 3814 3815 3816 3817 3818 3819 3820 3821 3822 3823 3824 3825 3826 3827 3828 3829 3830 3831 3832 3833 3834 3835 3836 3837 3838 3839 3840 3841 3842 3843 3844 3845 3846 3847 3848 3849 3850 3851 3852 3853 3854 3855 3856 3857 3858 3859 3860 3861 3862 3863 3864 3865 3866 3867 3868 3869 3870 3871 3872 3873 3874 3875 3876 3877 3878 3879 3880 3881 3882 3883 3884 3885 3886 3887 3888 3889 3890 3891 3892 3893 3894 3895 3896 3897 3898 3899 3900 3901 3902 3903 3904 3905 3906 3907 3908 3909 3910 3911 3912 3913 3914 3915 3916 3917 3918 3919 3920 3921 3922 3923 3924 3925 3926 3927 3928 3929 3930 3931 3932 3933 3934 3935 3936 3937 3938 3939 3940 3941 3942 3943 3944 3945 3946 3947 3948 3949 3950 3951 3952 3953 3954 3955 3956 3957 3958 3959 3960 3961 3962 3963 3964 3965 3966 3967 3968 3969 3970 3971 3972 3973 3974 3975 3976 3977 3978 3979 3980 3981 3982 3983 3984 3985 3986 3987 3988 3989 3990 3991 3992 3993 3994 3995 3996 3997 3998 3999 4000 4001 4002 4003 4004 4005 4006 4007 4008 4009 4010 4011 4012 4013 4014 4015 4016 4017 4018 4019 4020 4021 4022 4023 4024 4025 4026 4027 4028 4029 4030 4031 4032 4033 4034 4035 4036 4037 4038 4039 4040 4041 4042 4043 4044 4045 4046 4047 4048 4049 4050 4051 4052 4053 4054 4055 4056 4057 4058 4059 4060 4061 4062 4063 4064 4065 4066 4067 4068 4069 4070 4071 4072 4073 4074 4075 4076 4077 4078 4079 4080 4081 4082 4083 4084 4085 4086 4087 4088 4089 4090 4091 4092 4093 4094 4095 4096 4097 4098 4099 4100 4101 4102 4103 4104 4105 4106 4107 4108 4109 4110 4111 4112 4113 4114 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119 4120 4121 4122 4123 4124 4125 4126 4127 4128 4129 4130 4131 4132 4133 4134 4135 4136 4137 4138 4139 4140 4141 4142 4143 4144 4145 4146 4147 4148 4149 4150 4151 4152 4153 4154 4155 4156 4157 4158 4159 4160 4161 4162 4163 4164 4165 4166 4167 4168 4169 4170 4171 4172 4173 4174 4175 4176 4177 4178 4179 4180 4181 4182 4183 4184 4185 4186
  return 0;
}

OSReturn os::set_native_priority(Thread* thread, int newpri) {
  if ( !UseThreadPriorities || ThreadPriorityPolicy == 0 ) return OS_OK;

#ifdef __OpenBSD__
  // OpenBSD pthread_setprio starves low priority threads
  return OS_OK;
#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
  int ret = pthread_setprio(thread->osthread()->pthread_id(), newpri);
#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
  struct sched_param sp;
  int policy;
  pthread_t self = pthread_self();

  if (pthread_getschedparam(self, &policy, &sp) != 0)
    return OS_ERR;

  sp.sched_priority = newpri;
  if (pthread_setschedparam(self, policy, &sp) != 0)
    return OS_ERR;

  return OS_OK;
#else
  int ret = setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, thread->osthread()->thread_id(), newpri);
  return (ret == 0) ? OS_OK : OS_ERR;
#endif
}

OSReturn os::get_native_priority(const Thread* const thread, int *priority_ptr) {
  if ( !UseThreadPriorities || ThreadPriorityPolicy == 0 ) {
    *priority_ptr = java_to_os_priority[NormPriority];
    return OS_OK;
  }

  errno = 0;
#if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
  *priority_ptr = pthread_getprio(thread->osthread()->pthread_id());
#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
  int policy;
  struct sched_param sp;

  pthread_getschedparam(pthread_self(), &policy, &sp);
  *priority_ptr = sp.sched_priority;
#else
  *priority_ptr = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, thread->osthread()->thread_id());
#endif
  return (*priority_ptr != -1 || errno == 0 ? OS_OK : OS_ERR);
}

// Hint to the underlying OS that a task switch would not be good.
// Void return because it's a hint and can fail.
void os::hint_no_preempt() {}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// suspend/resume support

//  the low-level signal-based suspend/resume support is a remnant from the
//  old VM-suspension that used to be for java-suspension, safepoints etc,
//  within hotspot. Now there is a single use-case for this:
//    - calling get_thread_pc() on the VMThread by the flat-profiler task
//      that runs in the watcher thread.
//  The remaining code is greatly simplified from the more general suspension
//  code that used to be used.
//
//  The protocol is quite simple:
//  - suspend:
//      - sends a signal to the target thread
//      - polls the suspend state of the osthread using a yield loop
//      - target thread signal handler (SR_handler) sets suspend state
//        and blocks in sigsuspend until continued
//  - resume:
//      - sets target osthread state to continue
//      - sends signal to end the sigsuspend loop in the SR_handler
//
//  Note that the SR_lock plays no role in this suspend/resume protocol.
//

static void resume_clear_context(OSThread *osthread) {
  osthread->set_ucontext(NULL);
  osthread->set_siginfo(NULL);

  // notify the suspend action is completed, we have now resumed
  osthread->sr.clear_suspended();
}

static void suspend_save_context(OSThread *osthread, siginfo_t* siginfo, ucontext_t* context) {
  osthread->set_ucontext(context);
  osthread->set_siginfo(siginfo);
}

//
// Handler function invoked when a thread's execution is suspended or
// resumed. We have to be careful that only async-safe functions are
// called here (Note: most pthread functions are not async safe and
// should be avoided.)
//
// Note: sigwait() is a more natural fit than sigsuspend() from an
// interface point of view, but sigwait() prevents the signal hander
// from being run. libpthread would get very confused by not having
// its signal handlers run and prevents sigwait()'s use with the
// mutex granting granting signal.
//
// Currently only ever called on the VMThread
//
static void SR_handler(int sig, siginfo_t* siginfo, ucontext_t* context) {
  // Save and restore errno to avoid confusing native code with EINTR
  // after sigsuspend.
  int old_errno = errno;

  Thread* thread = Thread::current();
  OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();
  assert(thread->is_VM_thread(), "Must be VMThread");
  // read current suspend action
  int action = osthread->sr.suspend_action();
  if (action == SR_SUSPEND) {
    suspend_save_context(osthread, siginfo, context);

    // Notify the suspend action is about to be completed. do_suspend()
    // waits until SR_SUSPENDED is set and then returns. We will wait
    // here for a resume signal and that completes the suspend-other
    // action. do_suspend/do_resume is always called as a pair from
    // the same thread - so there are no races

    // notify the caller
    osthread->sr.set_suspended();

    sigset_t suspend_set;  // signals for sigsuspend()

    // get current set of blocked signals and unblock resume signal
    pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, &suspend_set);
    sigdelset(&suspend_set, SR_signum);

    // wait here until we are resumed
    do {
      sigsuspend(&suspend_set);
      // ignore all returns until we get a resume signal
    } while (osthread->sr.suspend_action() != SR_CONTINUE);

    resume_clear_context(osthread);

  } else {
    assert(action == SR_CONTINUE, "unexpected sr action");
    // nothing special to do - just leave the handler
  }

  errno = old_errno;
}


static int SR_initialize() {
  struct sigaction act;
  char *s;
  /* Get signal number to use for suspend/resume */
  if ((s = ::getenv("_JAVA_SR_SIGNUM")) != 0) {
    int sig = ::strtol(s, 0, 10);
    if (sig > 0 || sig < NSIG) {
        SR_signum = sig;
    }
  }

  assert(SR_signum > SIGSEGV && SR_signum > SIGBUS,
        "SR_signum must be greater than max(SIGSEGV, SIGBUS), see 4355769");

  sigemptyset(&SR_sigset);
  sigaddset(&SR_sigset, SR_signum);

  /* Set up signal handler for suspend/resume */
  act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO;
  act.sa_handler = (void (*)(int)) SR_handler;

  // SR_signum is blocked by default.
  // 4528190 - We also need to block pthread restart signal (32 on all
  // supported Bsd platforms). Note that BsdThreads need to block
  // this signal for all threads to work properly. So we don't have
  // to use hard-coded signal number when setting up the mask.
  pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, &act.sa_mask);

  if (sigaction(SR_signum, &act, 0) == -1) {
    return -1;
  }

  // Save signal flag
  os::Bsd::set_our_sigflags(SR_signum, act.sa_flags);
  return 0;
}

static int SR_finalize() {
  return 0;
}


// returns true on success and false on error - really an error is fatal
// but this seems the normal response to library errors
static bool do_suspend(OSThread* osthread) {
  // mark as suspended and send signal
  osthread->sr.set_suspend_action(SR_SUSPEND);
  int status = pthread_kill(osthread->pthread_id(), SR_signum);
  assert_status(status == 0, status, "pthread_kill");

  // check status and wait until notified of suspension
  if (status == 0) {
    for (int i = 0; !osthread->sr.is_suspended(); i++) {
      os::yield_all(i);
    }
    osthread->sr.set_suspend_action(SR_NONE);
    return true;
  }
  else {
    osthread->sr.set_suspend_action(SR_NONE);
    return false;
  }
}

static void do_resume(OSThread* osthread) {
  assert(osthread->sr.is_suspended(), "thread should be suspended");
  osthread->sr.set_suspend_action(SR_CONTINUE);

  int status = pthread_kill(osthread->pthread_id(), SR_signum);
  assert_status(status == 0, status, "pthread_kill");
  // check status and wait unit notified of resumption
  if (status == 0) {
    for (int i = 0; osthread->sr.is_suspended(); i++) {
      os::yield_all(i);
    }
  }
  osthread->sr.set_suspend_action(SR_NONE);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// interrupt support

void os::interrupt(Thread* thread) {
  assert(Thread::current() == thread || Threads_lock->owned_by_self(),
    "possibility of dangling Thread pointer");

  OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();

  if (!osthread->interrupted()) {
    osthread->set_interrupted(true);
    // More than one thread can get here with the same value of osthread,
    // resulting in multiple notifications.  We do, however, want the store
    // to interrupted() to be visible to other threads before we execute unpark().
    OrderAccess::fence();
    ParkEvent * const slp = thread->_SleepEvent ;
    if (slp != NULL) slp->unpark() ;
  }

  // For JSR166. Unpark even if interrupt status already was set
  if (thread->is_Java_thread())
    ((JavaThread*)thread)->parker()->unpark();

  ParkEvent * ev = thread->_ParkEvent ;
  if (ev != NULL) ev->unpark() ;

}

bool os::is_interrupted(Thread* thread, bool clear_interrupted) {
  assert(Thread::current() == thread || Threads_lock->owned_by_self(),
    "possibility of dangling Thread pointer");

  OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();

  bool interrupted = osthread->interrupted();

  if (interrupted && clear_interrupted) {
    osthread->set_interrupted(false);
    // consider thread->_SleepEvent->reset() ... optional optimization
  }

  return interrupted;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// signal handling (except suspend/resume)

// This routine may be used by user applications as a "hook" to catch signals.
// The user-defined signal handler must pass unrecognized signals to this
// routine, and if it returns true (non-zero), then the signal handler must
// return immediately.  If the flag "abort_if_unrecognized" is true, then this
// routine will never retun false (zero), but instead will execute a VM panic
// routine kill the process.
//
// If this routine returns false, it is OK to call it again.  This allows
// the user-defined signal handler to perform checks either before or after
// the VM performs its own checks.  Naturally, the user code would be making
// a serious error if it tried to handle an exception (such as a null check
// or breakpoint) that the VM was generating for its own correct operation.
//
// This routine may recognize any of the following kinds of signals:
//    SIGBUS, SIGSEGV, SIGILL, SIGFPE, SIGQUIT, SIGPIPE, SIGXFSZ, SIGUSR1.
// It should be consulted by handlers for any of those signals.
//
// The caller of this routine must pass in the three arguments supplied
// to the function referred to in the "sa_sigaction" (not the "sa_handler")
// field of the structure passed to sigaction().  This routine assumes that
// the sa_flags field passed to sigaction() includes SA_SIGINFO and SA_RESTART.
//
// Note that the VM will print warnings if it detects conflicting signal
// handlers, unless invoked with the option "-XX:+AllowUserSignalHandlers".
//
extern "C" JNIEXPORT int
JVM_handle_bsd_signal(int signo, siginfo_t* siginfo,
                        void* ucontext, int abort_if_unrecognized);

void signalHandler(int sig, siginfo_t* info, void* uc) {
  assert(info != NULL && uc != NULL, "it must be old kernel");
  JVM_handle_bsd_signal(sig, info, uc, true);
}


// This boolean allows users to forward their own non-matching signals
// to JVM_handle_bsd_signal, harmlessly.
bool os::Bsd::signal_handlers_are_installed = false;

// For signal-chaining
struct sigaction os::Bsd::sigact[MAXSIGNUM];
unsigned int os::Bsd::sigs = 0;
bool os::Bsd::libjsig_is_loaded = false;
typedef struct sigaction *(*get_signal_t)(int);
get_signal_t os::Bsd::get_signal_action = NULL;

struct sigaction* os::Bsd::get_chained_signal_action(int sig) {
  struct sigaction *actp = NULL;

  if (libjsig_is_loaded) {
    // Retrieve the old signal handler from libjsig
    actp = (*get_signal_action)(sig);
  }
  if (actp == NULL) {
    // Retrieve the preinstalled signal handler from jvm
    actp = get_preinstalled_handler(sig);
  }

  return actp;
}

static bool call_chained_handler(struct sigaction *actp, int sig,
                                 siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context) {
  // Call the old signal handler
  if (actp->sa_handler == SIG_DFL) {
    // It's more reasonable to let jvm treat it as an unexpected exception
    // instead of taking the default action.
    return false;
  } else if (actp->sa_handler != SIG_IGN) {
    if ((actp->sa_flags & SA_NODEFER) == 0) {
      // automaticlly block the signal
      sigaddset(&(actp->sa_mask), sig);
    }

    sa_handler_t hand;
    sa_sigaction_t sa;
    bool siginfo_flag_set = (actp->sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO) != 0;
    // retrieve the chained handler
    if (siginfo_flag_set) {
      sa = actp->sa_sigaction;
    } else {
      hand = actp->sa_handler;
    }

    if ((actp->sa_flags & SA_RESETHAND) != 0) {
      actp->sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
    }

    // try to honor the signal mask
    sigset_t oset;
    pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &(actp->sa_mask), &oset);

    // call into the chained handler
    if (siginfo_flag_set) {
      (*sa)(sig, siginfo, context);
    } else {
      (*hand)(sig);
    }

    // restore the signal mask
    pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oset, 0);
  }
  // Tell jvm's signal handler the signal is taken care of.
  return true;
}

bool os::Bsd::chained_handler(int sig, siginfo_t* siginfo, void* context) {
  bool chained = false;
  // signal-chaining
  if (UseSignalChaining) {
    struct sigaction *actp = get_chained_signal_action(sig);
    if (actp != NULL) {
      chained = call_chained_handler(actp, sig, siginfo, context);
    }
  }
  return chained;
}

struct sigaction* os::Bsd::get_preinstalled_handler(int sig) {
  if ((( (unsigned int)1 << sig ) & sigs) != 0) {
    return &sigact[sig];
  }
  return NULL;
}

void os::Bsd::save_preinstalled_handler(int sig, struct sigaction& oldAct) {
  assert(sig > 0 && sig < MAXSIGNUM, "vm signal out of expected range");
  sigact[sig] = oldAct;
  sigs |= (unsigned int)1 << sig;
}

// for diagnostic
int os::Bsd::sigflags[MAXSIGNUM];

int os::Bsd::get_our_sigflags(int sig) {
  assert(sig > 0 && sig < MAXSIGNUM, "vm signal out of expected range");
  return sigflags[sig];
}

void os::Bsd::set_our_sigflags(int sig, int flags) {
  assert(sig > 0 && sig < MAXSIGNUM, "vm signal out of expected range");
  sigflags[sig] = flags;
}

void os::Bsd::set_signal_handler(int sig, bool set_installed) {
  // Check for overwrite.
  struct sigaction oldAct;
  sigaction(sig, (struct sigaction*)NULL, &oldAct);

  void* oldhand = oldAct.sa_sigaction
                ? CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*,  oldAct.sa_sigaction)
                : CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*,  oldAct.sa_handler);
  if (oldhand != CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, SIG_DFL) &&
      oldhand != CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, SIG_IGN) &&
      oldhand != CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, (sa_sigaction_t)signalHandler)) {
    if (AllowUserSignalHandlers || !set_installed) {
      // Do not overwrite; user takes responsibility to forward to us.
      return;
    } else if (UseSignalChaining) {
      // save the old handler in jvm
      save_preinstalled_handler(sig, oldAct);
      // libjsig also interposes the sigaction() call below and saves the
      // old sigaction on it own.
    } else {
      fatal(err_msg("Encountered unexpected pre-existing sigaction handler "
                    "%#lx for signal %d.", (long)oldhand, sig));
    }
  }

  struct sigaction sigAct;
  sigfillset(&(sigAct.sa_mask));
  sigAct.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
  if (!set_installed) {
    sigAct.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO|SA_RESTART;
  } else {
    sigAct.sa_sigaction = signalHandler;
    sigAct.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO|SA_RESTART;
  }
  // Save flags, which are set by ours
  assert(sig > 0 && sig < MAXSIGNUM, "vm signal out of expected range");
  sigflags[sig] = sigAct.sa_flags;

  int ret = sigaction(sig, &sigAct, &oldAct);
  assert(ret == 0, "check");

  void* oldhand2  = oldAct.sa_sigaction
                  ? CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, oldAct.sa_sigaction)
                  : CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, oldAct.sa_handler);
  assert(oldhand2 == oldhand, "no concurrent signal handler installation");
}

// install signal handlers for signals that HotSpot needs to
// handle in order to support Java-level exception handling.

void os::Bsd::install_signal_handlers() {
  if (!signal_handlers_are_installed) {
    signal_handlers_are_installed = true;

    // signal-chaining
    typedef void (*signal_setting_t)();
    signal_setting_t begin_signal_setting = NULL;
    signal_setting_t end_signal_setting = NULL;
    begin_signal_setting = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(signal_setting_t,
                             dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "JVM_begin_signal_setting"));
    if (begin_signal_setting != NULL) {
      end_signal_setting = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(signal_setting_t,
                             dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "JVM_end_signal_setting"));
      get_signal_action = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(get_signal_t,
                            dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "JVM_get_signal_action"));
      libjsig_is_loaded = true;
      assert(UseSignalChaining, "should enable signal-chaining");
    }
    if (libjsig_is_loaded) {
      // Tell libjsig jvm is setting signal handlers
      (*begin_signal_setting)();
    }

    set_signal_handler(SIGSEGV, true);
    set_signal_handler(SIGPIPE, true);
    set_signal_handler(SIGBUS, true);
    set_signal_handler(SIGILL, true);
    set_signal_handler(SIGFPE, true);
    set_signal_handler(SIGXFSZ, true);

#if defined(__APPLE__)
    // In Mac OS X 10.4, CrashReporter will write a crash log for all 'fatal' signals, including
    // signals caught and handled by the JVM. To work around this, we reset the mach task
    // signal handler that's placed on our process by CrashReporter. This disables
    // CrashReporter-based reporting.
    //
    // This work-around is not necessary for 10.5+, as CrashReporter no longer intercedes
    // on caught fatal signals.
    //
    // Additionally, gdb installs both standard BSD signal handlers, and mach exception
    // handlers. By replacing the existing task exception handler, we disable gdb's mach
    // exception handling, while leaving the standard BSD signal handlers functional.
    kern_return_t kr;
    kr = task_set_exception_ports(mach_task_self(),
        EXC_MASK_BAD_ACCESS | EXC_MASK_ARITHMETIC,
        MACH_PORT_NULL,
        EXCEPTION_STATE_IDENTITY,
        MACHINE_THREAD_STATE);

    assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS, "could not set mach task signal handler");
#endif

    if (libjsig_is_loaded) {
      // Tell libjsig jvm finishes setting signal handlers
      (*end_signal_setting)();
    }

    // We don't activate signal checker if libjsig is in place, we trust ourselves
    // and if UserSignalHandler is installed all bets are off
    if (CheckJNICalls) {
      if (libjsig_is_loaded) {
        tty->print_cr("Info: libjsig is activated, all active signal checking is disabled");
        check_signals = false;
      }
      if (AllowUserSignalHandlers) {
        tty->print_cr("Info: AllowUserSignalHandlers is activated, all active signal checking is disabled");
        check_signals = false;
      }
    }
  }
}

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
// This is the fastest way to get thread cpu time on Bsd.
// Returns cpu time (user+sys) for any thread, not only for current.
// POSIX compliant clocks are implemented in the kernels 2.6.16+.
// It might work on 2.6.10+ with a special kernel/glibc patch.
// For reference, please, see IEEE Std 1003.1-2004:
//   http://www.unix.org/single_unix_specification

jlong os::Bsd::fast_thread_cpu_time(clockid_t clockid) {
  struct timespec tp;
  int rc = os::Bsd::clock_gettime(clockid, &tp);
  assert(rc == 0, "clock_gettime is expected to return 0 code");

4187
  return (tp.tv_sec * NANOSECS_PER_SEC) + tp.tv_nsec;
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}
#endif

/////
// glibc on Bsd platform uses non-documented flag
// to indicate, that some special sort of signal
// trampoline is used.
// We will never set this flag, and we should
// ignore this flag in our diagnostic
#ifdef SIGNIFICANT_SIGNAL_MASK
#undef SIGNIFICANT_SIGNAL_MASK
#endif
#define SIGNIFICANT_SIGNAL_MASK (~0x04000000)

static const char* get_signal_handler_name(address handler,
                                           char* buf, int buflen) {
  int offset;
  bool found = os::dll_address_to_library_name(handler, buf, buflen, &offset);
  if (found) {
    // skip directory names
    const char *p1, *p2;
    p1 = buf;
    size_t len = strlen(os::file_separator());
    while ((p2 = strstr(p1, os::file_separator())) != NULL) p1 = p2 + len;
    jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s+0x%x", p1, offset);
  } else {
    jio_snprintf(buf, buflen, PTR_FORMAT, handler);
  }
  return buf;
}

static void print_signal_handler(outputStream* st, int sig,
                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
  struct sigaction sa;

  sigaction(sig, NULL, &sa);

  // See comment for SIGNIFICANT_SIGNAL_MASK define
  sa.sa_flags &= SIGNIFICANT_SIGNAL_MASK;

  st->print("%s: ", os::exception_name(sig, buf, buflen));

  address handler = (sa.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO)
    ? CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, sa.sa_sigaction)
    : CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, sa.sa_handler);

  if (handler == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SIG_DFL)) {
    st->print("SIG_DFL");
  } else if (handler == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SIG_IGN)) {
    st->print("SIG_IGN");
  } else {
    st->print("[%s]", get_signal_handler_name(handler, buf, buflen));
  }

  st->print(", sa_mask[0]=" PTR32_FORMAT, *(uint32_t*)&sa.sa_mask);

  address rh = VMError::get_resetted_sighandler(sig);
  // May be, handler was resetted by VMError?
  if(rh != NULL) {
    handler = rh;
    sa.sa_flags = VMError::get_resetted_sigflags(sig) & SIGNIFICANT_SIGNAL_MASK;
  }

  st->print(", sa_flags="   PTR32_FORMAT, sa.sa_flags);

  // Check: is it our handler?
  if(handler == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, (sa_sigaction_t)signalHandler) ||
     handler == CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, (sa_sigaction_t)SR_handler)) {
    // It is our signal handler
    // check for flags, reset system-used one!
    if((int)sa.sa_flags != os::Bsd::get_our_sigflags(sig)) {
      st->print(
                ", flags was changed from " PTR32_FORMAT ", consider using jsig library",
                os::Bsd::get_our_sigflags(sig));
    }
  }
  st->cr();
}


#define DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(sig) \
  if (!sigismember(&check_signal_done, sig)) \
    os::Bsd::check_signal_handler(sig)

// This method is a periodic task to check for misbehaving JNI applications
// under CheckJNI, we can add any periodic checks here

void os::run_periodic_checks() {

  if (check_signals == false) return;

  // SEGV and BUS if overridden could potentially prevent
  // generation of hs*.log in the event of a crash, debugging
  // such a case can be very challenging, so we absolutely
  // check the following for a good measure:
  DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SIGSEGV);
  DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SIGILL);
  DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SIGFPE);
  DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SIGBUS);
  DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SIGPIPE);
  DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SIGXFSZ);


  // ReduceSignalUsage allows the user to override these handlers
  // see comments at the very top and jvm_solaris.h
  if (!ReduceSignalUsage) {
    DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL);
    DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL);
    DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL);
    DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(BREAK_SIGNAL);
  }

  DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(SR_signum);
  DO_SIGNAL_CHECK(INTERRUPT_SIGNAL);
}

typedef int (*os_sigaction_t)(int, const struct sigaction *, struct sigaction *);

static os_sigaction_t os_sigaction = NULL;

void os::Bsd::check_signal_handler(int sig) {
  char buf[O_BUFLEN];
  address jvmHandler = NULL;


  struct sigaction act;
  if (os_sigaction == NULL) {
    // only trust the default sigaction, in case it has been interposed
    os_sigaction = (os_sigaction_t)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "sigaction");
    if (os_sigaction == NULL) return;
  }

  os_sigaction(sig, (struct sigaction*)NULL, &act);


  act.sa_flags &= SIGNIFICANT_SIGNAL_MASK;

  address thisHandler = (act.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO)
    ? CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, act.sa_sigaction)
    : CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, act.sa_handler) ;


  switch(sig) {
  case SIGSEGV:
  case SIGBUS:
  case SIGFPE:
  case SIGPIPE:
  case SIGILL:
  case SIGXFSZ:
    jvmHandler = CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, (sa_sigaction_t)signalHandler);
    break;

  case SHUTDOWN1_SIGNAL:
  case SHUTDOWN2_SIGNAL:
  case SHUTDOWN3_SIGNAL:
  case BREAK_SIGNAL:
    jvmHandler = (address)user_handler();
    break;

  case INTERRUPT_SIGNAL:
    jvmHandler = CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SIG_DFL);
    break;

  default:
    if (sig == SR_signum) {
      jvmHandler = CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, (sa_sigaction_t)SR_handler);
    } else {
      return;
    }
    break;
  }

  if (thisHandler != jvmHandler) {
    tty->print("Warning: %s handler ", exception_name(sig, buf, O_BUFLEN));
    tty->print("expected:%s", get_signal_handler_name(jvmHandler, buf, O_BUFLEN));
    tty->print_cr("  found:%s", get_signal_handler_name(thisHandler, buf, O_BUFLEN));
    // No need to check this sig any longer
    sigaddset(&check_signal_done, sig);
  } else if(os::Bsd::get_our_sigflags(sig) != 0 && (int)act.sa_flags != os::Bsd::get_our_sigflags(sig)) {
    tty->print("Warning: %s handler flags ", exception_name(sig, buf, O_BUFLEN));
    tty->print("expected:" PTR32_FORMAT, os::Bsd::get_our_sigflags(sig));
    tty->print_cr("  found:" PTR32_FORMAT, act.sa_flags);
    // No need to check this sig any longer
    sigaddset(&check_signal_done, sig);
  }

  // Dump all the signal
  if (sigismember(&check_signal_done, sig)) {
    print_signal_handlers(tty, buf, O_BUFLEN);
  }
}

extern void report_error(char* file_name, int line_no, char* title, char* format, ...);

extern bool signal_name(int signo, char* buf, size_t len);

const char* os::exception_name(int exception_code, char* buf, size_t size) {
  if (0 < exception_code && exception_code <= SIGRTMAX) {
    // signal
    if (!signal_name(exception_code, buf, size)) {
      jio_snprintf(buf, size, "SIG%d", exception_code);
    }
    return buf;
  } else {
    return NULL;
  }
}

// this is called _before_ the most of global arguments have been parsed
void os::init(void) {
  char dummy;   /* used to get a guess on initial stack address */
//  first_hrtime = gethrtime();

  // With BsdThreads the JavaMain thread pid (primordial thread)
  // is different than the pid of the java launcher thread.
  // So, on Bsd, the launcher thread pid is passed to the VM
  // via the sun.java.launcher.pid property.
  // Use this property instead of getpid() if it was correctly passed.
  // See bug 6351349.
  pid_t java_launcher_pid = (pid_t) Arguments::sun_java_launcher_pid();

  _initial_pid = (java_launcher_pid > 0) ? java_launcher_pid : getpid();

  clock_tics_per_sec = CLK_TCK;

  init_random(1234567);

  ThreadCritical::initialize();

  Bsd::set_page_size(getpagesize());
  if (Bsd::page_size() == -1) {
    fatal(err_msg("os_bsd.cpp: os::init: sysconf failed (%s)",
                  strerror(errno)));
  }
  init_page_sizes((size_t) Bsd::page_size());

  Bsd::initialize_system_info();

  // main_thread points to the aboriginal thread
  Bsd::_main_thread = pthread_self();

  Bsd::clock_init();
  initial_time_count = os::elapsed_counter();

#ifdef __APPLE__
  // XXXDARWIN
  // Work around the unaligned VM callbacks in hotspot's
  // sharedRuntime. The callbacks don't use SSE2 instructions, and work on
  // Linux, Solaris, and FreeBSD. On Mac OS X, dyld (rightly so) enforces
  // alignment when doing symbol lookup. To work around this, we force early
  // binding of all symbols now, thus binding when alignment is known-good.
  _dyld_bind_fully_image_containing_address((const void *) &os::init);
#endif
}

// To install functions for atexit system call
extern "C" {
  static void perfMemory_exit_helper() {
    perfMemory_exit();
  }
}

// this is called _after_ the global arguments have been parsed
jint os::init_2(void)
{
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  Bsd::fast_thread_clock_init();
#endif

  // Allocate a single page and mark it as readable for safepoint polling
  address polling_page = (address) ::mmap(NULL, Bsd::page_size(), PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
  guarantee( polling_page != MAP_FAILED, "os::init_2: failed to allocate polling page" );

  os::set_polling_page( polling_page );

#ifndef PRODUCT
  if(Verbose && PrintMiscellaneous)
    tty->print("[SafePoint Polling address: " INTPTR_FORMAT "]\n", (intptr_t)polling_page);
#endif

  if (!UseMembar) {
    address mem_serialize_page = (address) ::mmap(NULL, Bsd::page_size(), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
    guarantee( mem_serialize_page != NULL, "mmap Failed for memory serialize page");
    os::set_memory_serialize_page( mem_serialize_page );

#ifndef PRODUCT
    if(Verbose && PrintMiscellaneous)
      tty->print("[Memory Serialize  Page address: " INTPTR_FORMAT "]\n", (intptr_t)mem_serialize_page);
#endif
  }

  os::large_page_init();

  // initialize suspend/resume support - must do this before signal_sets_init()
  if (SR_initialize() != 0) {
    perror("SR_initialize failed");
    return JNI_ERR;
  }

  Bsd::signal_sets_init();
  Bsd::install_signal_handlers();

  // Check minimum allowable stack size for thread creation and to initialize
  // the java system classes, including StackOverflowError - depends on page
  // size.  Add a page for compiler2 recursion in main thread.
  // Add in 2*BytesPerWord times page size to account for VM stack during
  // class initialization depending on 32 or 64 bit VM.
  os::Bsd::min_stack_allowed = MAX2(os::Bsd::min_stack_allowed,
            (size_t)(StackYellowPages+StackRedPages+StackShadowPages+
                    2*BytesPerWord COMPILER2_PRESENT(+1)) * Bsd::page_size());

  size_t threadStackSizeInBytes = ThreadStackSize * K;
  if (threadStackSizeInBytes != 0 &&
      threadStackSizeInBytes < os::Bsd::min_stack_allowed) {
        tty->print_cr("\nThe stack size specified is too small, "
                      "Specify at least %dk",
                      os::Bsd::min_stack_allowed/ K);
        return JNI_ERR;
  }

  // Make the stack size a multiple of the page size so that
  // the yellow/red zones can be guarded.
  JavaThread::set_stack_size_at_create(round_to(threadStackSizeInBytes,
        vm_page_size()));

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  Bsd::capture_initial_stack(JavaThread::stack_size_at_create());

  Bsd::libpthread_init();
  if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
     tty->print_cr("[HotSpot is running with %s, %s(%s)]\n",
          Bsd::glibc_version(), Bsd::libpthread_version(),
          Bsd::is_floating_stack() ? "floating stack" : "fixed stack");
  }

  if (UseNUMA) {
    if (!Bsd::libnuma_init()) {
      UseNUMA = false;
    } else {
      if ((Bsd::numa_max_node() < 1)) {
        // There's only one node(they start from 0), disable NUMA.
        UseNUMA = false;
      }
    }
    // With SHM large pages we cannot uncommit a page, so there's not way
    // we can make the adaptive lgrp chunk resizing work. If the user specified
    // both UseNUMA and UseLargePages (or UseSHM) on the command line - warn and
    // disable adaptive resizing.
    if (UseNUMA && UseLargePages && UseSHM) {
      if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseNUMA)) {
        if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseSHM)) {
          UseLargePages = false;
        } else {
          warning("UseNUMA is not fully compatible with SHM large pages, disabling adaptive resizing");
          UseAdaptiveSizePolicy = false;
          UseAdaptiveNUMAChunkSizing = false;
        }
      } else {
        UseNUMA = false;
      }
    }
    if (!UseNUMA && ForceNUMA) {
      UseNUMA = true;
    }
  }
#endif

  if (MaxFDLimit) {
    // set the number of file descriptors to max. print out error
    // if getrlimit/setrlimit fails but continue regardless.
    struct rlimit nbr_files;
    int status = getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nbr_files);
    if (status != 0) {
      if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode))
        perror("os::init_2 getrlimit failed");
    } else {
      nbr_files.rlim_cur = nbr_files.rlim_max;

#ifdef __APPLE__
      // Darwin returns RLIM_INFINITY for rlim_max, but fails with EINVAL if
      // you attempt to use RLIM_INFINITY. As per setrlimit(2), OPEN_MAX must
      // be used instead
      nbr_files.rlim_cur = MIN(OPEN_MAX, nbr_files.rlim_cur);
#endif

      status = setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nbr_files);
      if (status != 0) {
        if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode))
          perror("os::init_2 setrlimit failed");
      }
    }
  }

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  // Initialize lock used to serialize thread creation (see os::create_thread)
  Bsd::set_createThread_lock(new Mutex(Mutex::leaf, "createThread_lock", false));
#endif

  // at-exit methods are called in the reverse order of their registration.
  // atexit functions are called on return from main or as a result of a
  // call to exit(3C). There can be only 32 of these functions registered
  // and atexit() does not set errno.

  if (PerfAllowAtExitRegistration) {
    // only register atexit functions if PerfAllowAtExitRegistration is set.
    // atexit functions can be delayed until process exit time, which
    // can be problematic for embedded VM situations. Embedded VMs should
    // call DestroyJavaVM() to assure that VM resources are released.

    // note: perfMemory_exit_helper atexit function may be removed in
    // the future if the appropriate cleanup code can be added to the
    // VM_Exit VMOperation's doit method.
    if (atexit(perfMemory_exit_helper) != 0) {
      warning("os::init2 atexit(perfMemory_exit_helper) failed");
    }
  }

  // initialize thread priority policy
  prio_init();

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#ifdef __APPLE__
  // dynamically link to objective c gc registration
  void *handleLibObjc = dlopen(OBJC_LIB, RTLD_LAZY);
  if (handleLibObjc != NULL) {
    objc_registerThreadWithCollectorFunction = (objc_registerThreadWithCollector_t) dlsym(handleLibObjc, OBJC_GCREGISTER);
  }
#endif

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  return JNI_OK;
}

// this is called at the end of vm_initialization
void os::init_3(void) { }

// Mark the polling page as unreadable
void os::make_polling_page_unreadable(void) {
  if( !guard_memory((char*)_polling_page, Bsd::page_size()) )
    fatal("Could not disable polling page");
};

// Mark the polling page as readable
void os::make_polling_page_readable(void) {
  if( !bsd_mprotect((char *)_polling_page, Bsd::page_size(), PROT_READ)) {
    fatal("Could not enable polling page");
  }
};

int os::active_processor_count() {
#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  return _processor_count;
#else
  // Bsd doesn't yet have a (official) notion of processor sets,
  // so just return the number of online processors.
  int online_cpus = ::sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
  assert(online_cpus > 0 && online_cpus <= processor_count(), "sanity check");
  return online_cpus;
#endif
}

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void os::set_native_thread_name(const char *name) {
#if defined(__APPLE__) && MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED > MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5
  // This is only supported in Snow Leopard and beyond
  if (name != NULL) {
    // Add a "Java: " prefix to the name
    char buf[MAXTHREADNAMESIZE];
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Java: %s", name);
    pthread_setname_np(buf);
  }
#endif
}

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bool os::distribute_processes(uint length, uint* distribution) {
  // Not yet implemented.
  return false;
}

bool os::bind_to_processor(uint processor_id) {
  // Not yet implemented.
  return false;
}

///

// Suspends the target using the signal mechanism and then grabs the PC before
// resuming the target. Used by the flat-profiler only
ExtendedPC os::get_thread_pc(Thread* thread) {
  // Make sure that it is called by the watcher for the VMThread
  assert(Thread::current()->is_Watcher_thread(), "Must be watcher");
  assert(thread->is_VM_thread(), "Can only be called for VMThread");

  ExtendedPC epc;

  OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();
  if (do_suspend(osthread)) {
    if (osthread->ucontext() != NULL) {
      epc = os::Bsd::ucontext_get_pc(osthread->ucontext());
    } else {
      // NULL context is unexpected, double-check this is the VMThread
      guarantee(thread->is_VM_thread(), "can only be called for VMThread");
    }
    do_resume(osthread);
  }
  // failure means pthread_kill failed for some reason - arguably this is
  // a fatal problem, but such problems are ignored elsewhere

  return epc;
}

int os::Bsd::safe_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *_cond, pthread_mutex_t *_mutex, const struct timespec *_abstime)
{
#ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  return pthread_cond_timedwait(_cond, _mutex, _abstime);
#else
   if (is_NPTL()) {
      return pthread_cond_timedwait(_cond, _mutex, _abstime);
   } else {
#ifndef IA64
      // 6292965: BsdThreads pthread_cond_timedwait() resets FPU control
      // word back to default 64bit precision if condvar is signaled. Java
      // wants 53bit precision.  Save and restore current value.
      int fpu = get_fpu_control_word();
#endif // IA64
      int status = pthread_cond_timedwait(_cond, _mutex, _abstime);
#ifndef IA64
      set_fpu_control_word(fpu);
#endif // IA64
      return status;
   }
#endif
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// debug support

static address same_page(address x, address y) {
  int page_bits = -os::vm_page_size();
  if ((intptr_t(x) & page_bits) == (intptr_t(y) & page_bits))
    return x;
  else if (x > y)
    return (address)(intptr_t(y) | ~page_bits) + 1;
  else
    return (address)(intptr_t(y) & page_bits);
}

bool os::find(address addr, outputStream* st) {
  Dl_info dlinfo;
  memset(&dlinfo, 0, sizeof(dlinfo));
  if (dladdr(addr, &dlinfo)) {
    st->print(PTR_FORMAT ": ", addr);
    if (dlinfo.dli_sname != NULL) {
      st->print("%s+%#x", dlinfo.dli_sname,
                 addr - (intptr_t)dlinfo.dli_saddr);
    } else if (dlinfo.dli_fname) {
      st->print("<offset %#x>", addr - (intptr_t)dlinfo.dli_fbase);
    } else {
      st->print("<absolute address>");
    }
    if (dlinfo.dli_fname) {
      st->print(" in %s", dlinfo.dli_fname);
    }
    if (dlinfo.dli_fbase) {
      st->print(" at " PTR_FORMAT, dlinfo.dli_fbase);
    }
    st->cr();

    if (Verbose) {
      // decode some bytes around the PC
      address begin = same_page(addr-40, addr);
      address end   = same_page(addr+40, addr);
      address       lowest = (address) dlinfo.dli_sname;
      if (!lowest)  lowest = (address) dlinfo.dli_fbase;
      if (begin < lowest)  begin = lowest;
      Dl_info dlinfo2;
      if (dladdr(end, &dlinfo2) && dlinfo2.dli_saddr != dlinfo.dli_saddr
          && end > dlinfo2.dli_saddr && dlinfo2.dli_saddr > begin)
        end = (address) dlinfo2.dli_saddr;
      Disassembler::decode(begin, end, st);
    }
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// misc

// This does not do anything on Bsd. This is basically a hook for being
// able to use structured exception handling (thread-local exception filters)
// on, e.g., Win32.
void
os::os_exception_wrapper(java_call_t f, JavaValue* value, methodHandle* method,
                         JavaCallArguments* args, Thread* thread) {
  f(value, method, args, thread);
}

void os::print_statistics() {
}

int os::message_box(const char* title, const char* message) {
  int i;
  fdStream err(defaultStream::error_fd());
  for (i = 0; i < 78; i++) err.print_raw("=");
  err.cr();
  err.print_raw_cr(title);
  for (i = 0; i < 78; i++) err.print_raw("-");
  err.cr();
  err.print_raw_cr(message);
  for (i = 0; i < 78; i++) err.print_raw("=");
  err.cr();

  char buf[16];
  // Prevent process from exiting upon "read error" without consuming all CPU
  while (::read(0, buf, sizeof(buf)) <= 0) { ::sleep(100); }

  return buf[0] == 'y' || buf[0] == 'Y';
}

int os::stat(const char *path, struct stat *sbuf) {
  char pathbuf[MAX_PATH];
  if (strlen(path) > MAX_PATH - 1) {
    errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
    return -1;
  }
  os::native_path(strcpy(pathbuf, path));
  return ::stat(pathbuf, sbuf);
}

bool os::check_heap(bool force) {
  return true;
}

int local_vsnprintf(char* buf, size_t count, const char* format, va_list args) {
  return ::vsnprintf(buf, count, format, args);
}

// Is a (classpath) directory empty?
bool os::dir_is_empty(const char* path) {
  DIR *dir = NULL;
  struct dirent *ptr;

  dir = opendir(path);
  if (dir == NULL) return true;

  /* Scan the directory */
  bool result = true;
  char buf[sizeof(struct dirent) + MAX_PATH];
  while (result && (ptr = ::readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
    if (strcmp(ptr->d_name, ".") != 0 && strcmp(ptr->d_name, "..") != 0) {
      result = false;
    }
  }
  closedir(dir);
  return result;
}

// This code originates from JDK's sysOpen and open64_w
// from src/solaris/hpi/src/system_md.c

#ifndef O_DELETE
#define O_DELETE 0x10000
#endif

// Open a file. Unlink the file immediately after open returns
// if the specified oflag has the O_DELETE flag set.
// O_DELETE is used only in j2se/src/share/native/java/util/zip/ZipFile.c

int os::open(const char *path, int oflag, int mode) {

  if (strlen(path) > MAX_PATH - 1) {
    errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
    return -1;
  }
  int fd;
  int o_delete = (oflag & O_DELETE);
  oflag = oflag & ~O_DELETE;

  fd = ::open(path, oflag, mode);
  if (fd == -1) return -1;

  //If the open succeeded, the file might still be a directory
  {
    struct stat buf;
    int ret = ::fstat(fd, &buf);
    int st_mode = buf.st_mode;

    if (ret != -1) {
      if ((st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) {
        errno = EISDIR;
        ::close(fd);
        return -1;
      }
    } else {
      ::close(fd);
      return -1;
    }
  }

    /*
     * All file descriptors that are opened in the JVM and not
     * specifically destined for a subprocess should have the
     * close-on-exec flag set.  If we don't set it, then careless 3rd
     * party native code might fork and exec without closing all
     * appropriate file descriptors (e.g. as we do in closeDescriptors in
     * UNIXProcess.c), and this in turn might:
     *
     * - cause end-of-file to fail to be detected on some file
     *   descriptors, resulting in mysterious hangs, or
     *
     * - might cause an fopen in the subprocess to fail on a system
     *   suffering from bug 1085341.
     *
     * (Yes, the default setting of the close-on-exec flag is a Unix
     * design flaw)
     *
     * See:
     * 1085341: 32-bit stdio routines should support file descriptors >255
     * 4843136: (process) pipe file descriptor from Runtime.exec not being closed
     * 6339493: (process) Runtime.exec does not close all file descriptors on Solaris 9
     */
#ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
    {
        int flags = ::fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
        if (flags != -1)
            ::fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
    }
#endif

  if (o_delete != 0) {
    ::unlink(path);
  }
  return fd;
}


// create binary file, rewriting existing file if required
int os::create_binary_file(const char* path, bool rewrite_existing) {
  int oflags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT;
  if (!rewrite_existing) {
    oflags |= O_EXCL;
  }
  return ::open(path, oflags, S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);
}

// return current position of file pointer
jlong os::current_file_offset(int fd) {
  return (jlong)::lseek(fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR);
}

// move file pointer to the specified offset
jlong os::seek_to_file_offset(int fd, jlong offset) {
  return (jlong)::lseek(fd, (off_t)offset, SEEK_SET);
}

// This code originates from JDK's sysAvailable
// from src/solaris/hpi/src/native_threads/src/sys_api_td.c

int os::available(int fd, jlong *bytes) {
  jlong cur, end;
  int mode;
  struct stat buf;

  if (::fstat(fd, &buf) >= 0) {
    mode = buf.st_mode;
    if (S_ISCHR(mode) || S_ISFIFO(mode) || S_ISSOCK(mode)) {
      /*
      * XXX: is the following call interruptible? If so, this might
      * need to go through the INTERRUPT_IO() wrapper as for other
      * blocking, interruptible calls in this file.
      */
      int n;
      if (::ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &n) >= 0) {
        *bytes = n;
        return 1;
      }
    }
  }
  if ((cur = ::lseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR)) == -1) {
    return 0;
  } else if ((end = ::lseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_END)) == -1) {
    return 0;
  } else if (::lseek(fd, cur, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
    return 0;
  }
  *bytes = end - cur;
  return 1;
}

int os::socket_available(int fd, jint *pbytes) {
   if (fd < 0)
     return OS_OK;

   int ret;

   RESTARTABLE(::ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, pbytes), ret);

   //%% note ioctl can return 0 when successful, JVM_SocketAvailable
   // is expected to return 0 on failure and 1 on success to the jdk.

   return (ret == OS_ERR) ? 0 : 1;
}

// Map a block of memory.
char* os::map_memory(int fd, const char* file_name, size_t file_offset,
                     char *addr, size_t bytes, bool read_only,
                     bool allow_exec) {
  int prot;
  int flags;

  if (read_only) {
    prot = PROT_READ;
    flags = MAP_SHARED;
  } else {
    prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
    flags = MAP_PRIVATE;
  }

  if (allow_exec) {
    prot |= PROT_EXEC;
  }

  if (addr != NULL) {
    flags |= MAP_FIXED;
  }

  char* mapped_address = (char*)mmap(addr, (size_t)bytes, prot, flags,
                                     fd, file_offset);
  if (mapped_address == MAP_FAILED) {
    return NULL;
  }
  return mapped_address;
}


// Remap a block of memory.
char* os::remap_memory(int fd, const char* file_name, size_t file_offset,
                       char *addr, size_t bytes, bool read_only,
                       bool allow_exec) {
  // same as map_memory() on this OS
  return os::map_memory(fd, file_name, file_offset, addr, bytes, read_only,
                        allow_exec);
}


// Unmap a block of memory.
bool os::unmap_memory(char* addr, size_t bytes) {
  return munmap(addr, bytes) == 0;
}

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
static jlong slow_thread_cpu_time(Thread *thread, bool user_sys_cpu_time);

static clockid_t thread_cpu_clockid(Thread* thread) {
  pthread_t tid = thread->osthread()->pthread_id();
  clockid_t clockid;

  // Get thread clockid
  int rc = os::Bsd::pthread_getcpuclockid(tid, &clockid);
  assert(rc == 0, "pthread_getcpuclockid is expected to return 0 code");
  return clockid;
}
#endif

// current_thread_cpu_time(bool) and thread_cpu_time(Thread*, bool)
// are used by JVM M&M and JVMTI to get user+sys or user CPU time
// of a thread.
//
// current_thread_cpu_time() and thread_cpu_time(Thread*) returns
// the fast estimate available on the platform.

jlong os::current_thread_cpu_time() {
#ifdef __APPLE__
  return os::thread_cpu_time(Thread::current(), true /* user + sys */);
#elif !defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE)
  if (os::Bsd::supports_fast_thread_cpu_time()) {
    return os::Bsd::fast_thread_cpu_time(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID);
  } else {
    // return user + sys since the cost is the same
    return slow_thread_cpu_time(Thread::current(), true /* user + sys */);
  }
#endif
}

jlong os::thread_cpu_time(Thread* thread) {
#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
  // consistent with what current_thread_cpu_time() returns
  if (os::Bsd::supports_fast_thread_cpu_time()) {
    return os::Bsd::fast_thread_cpu_time(thread_cpu_clockid(thread));
  } else {
    return slow_thread_cpu_time(thread, true /* user + sys */);
  }
#endif
}

jlong os::current_thread_cpu_time(bool user_sys_cpu_time) {
#ifdef __APPLE__
  return os::thread_cpu_time(Thread::current(), user_sys_cpu_time);
#elif !defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE)
  if (user_sys_cpu_time && os::Bsd::supports_fast_thread_cpu_time()) {
    return os::Bsd::fast_thread_cpu_time(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID);
  } else {
    return slow_thread_cpu_time(Thread::current(), user_sys_cpu_time);
  }
#endif
}

jlong os::thread_cpu_time(Thread *thread, bool user_sys_cpu_time) {
#ifdef __APPLE__
  struct thread_basic_info tinfo;
  mach_msg_type_number_t tcount = THREAD_INFO_MAX;
  kern_return_t kr;
5098
  thread_t mach_thread;
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  mach_thread = thread->osthread()->thread_id();
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  kr = thread_info(mach_thread, THREAD_BASIC_INFO, (thread_info_t)&tinfo, &tcount);
  if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS)
    return -1;

  if (user_sys_cpu_time) {
    jlong nanos;
    nanos = ((jlong) tinfo.system_time.seconds + tinfo.user_time.seconds) * (jlong)1000000000;
    nanos += ((jlong) tinfo.system_time.microseconds + (jlong) tinfo.user_time.microseconds) * (jlong)1000;
    return nanos;
  } else {
    return ((jlong)tinfo.user_time.seconds * 1000000000) + ((jlong)tinfo.user_time.microseconds * (jlong)1000);
  }
#elif !defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE)
  if (user_sys_cpu_time && os::Bsd::supports_fast_thread_cpu_time()) {
    return os::Bsd::fast_thread_cpu_time(thread_cpu_clockid(thread));
  } else {
    return slow_thread_cpu_time(thread, user_sys_cpu_time);
  }
#endif
}

#ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE
//
//  -1 on error.
//

static jlong slow_thread_cpu_time(Thread *thread, bool user_sys_cpu_time) {
  static bool proc_pid_cpu_avail = true;
  static bool proc_task_unchecked = true;
  static const char *proc_stat_path = "/proc/%d/stat";
  pid_t  tid = thread->osthread()->thread_id();
  int i;
  char *s;
  char stat[2048];
  int statlen;
  char proc_name[64];
  int count;
  long sys_time, user_time;
  char string[64];
  char cdummy;
  int idummy;
  long ldummy;
  FILE *fp;

  // We first try accessing /proc/<pid>/cpu since this is faster to
  // process.  If this file is not present (bsd kernels 2.5 and above)
  // then we open /proc/<pid>/stat.
  if ( proc_pid_cpu_avail ) {
    sprintf(proc_name, "/proc/%d/cpu", tid);
    fp =  fopen(proc_name, "r");
    if ( fp != NULL ) {
      count = fscanf( fp, "%s %lu %lu\n", string, &user_time, &sys_time);
      fclose(fp);
      if ( count != 3 ) return -1;

      if (user_sys_cpu_time) {
        return ((jlong)sys_time + (jlong)user_time) * (1000000000 / clock_tics_per_sec);
      } else {
        return (jlong)user_time * (1000000000 / clock_tics_per_sec);
      }
    }
    else proc_pid_cpu_avail = false;
  }

  // The /proc/<tid>/stat aggregates per-process usage on
  // new Bsd kernels 2.6+ where NPTL is supported.
  // The /proc/self/task/<tid>/stat still has the per-thread usage.
  // See bug 6328462.
  // There can be no directory /proc/self/task on kernels 2.4 with NPTL
  // and possibly in some other cases, so we check its availability.
  if (proc_task_unchecked && os::Bsd::is_NPTL()) {
    // This is executed only once
    proc_task_unchecked = false;
    fp = fopen("/proc/self/task", "r");
    if (fp != NULL) {
      proc_stat_path = "/proc/self/task/%d/stat";
      fclose(fp);
    }
  }

  sprintf(proc_name, proc_stat_path, tid);
  fp = fopen(proc_name, "r");
  if ( fp == NULL ) return -1;
  statlen = fread(stat, 1, 2047, fp);
  stat[statlen] = '\0';
  fclose(fp);

  // Skip pid and the command string. Note that we could be dealing with
  // weird command names, e.g. user could decide to rename java launcher
  // to "java 1.4.2 :)", then the stat file would look like
  //                1234 (java 1.4.2 :)) R ... ...
  // We don't really need to know the command string, just find the last
  // occurrence of ")" and then start parsing from there. See bug 4726580.
  s = strrchr(stat, ')');
  i = 0;
  if (s == NULL ) return -1;

  // Skip blank chars
  do s++; while (isspace(*s));

  count = sscanf(s,"%c %d %d %d %d %d %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu",
                 &cdummy, &idummy, &idummy, &idummy, &idummy, &idummy,
                 &ldummy, &ldummy, &ldummy, &ldummy, &ldummy,
                 &user_time, &sys_time);
  if ( count != 13 ) return -1;
  if (user_sys_cpu_time) {
    return ((jlong)sys_time + (jlong)user_time) * (1000000000 / clock_tics_per_sec);
  } else {
    return (jlong)user_time * (1000000000 / clock_tics_per_sec);
  }
}
#endif

void os::current_thread_cpu_time_info(jvmtiTimerInfo *info_ptr) {
  info_ptr->max_value = ALL_64_BITS;       // will not wrap in less than 64 bits
  info_ptr->may_skip_backward = false;     // elapsed time not wall time
  info_ptr->may_skip_forward = false;      // elapsed time not wall time
  info_ptr->kind = JVMTI_TIMER_TOTAL_CPU;  // user+system time is returned
}

void os::thread_cpu_time_info(jvmtiTimerInfo *info_ptr) {
  info_ptr->max_value = ALL_64_BITS;       // will not wrap in less than 64 bits
  info_ptr->may_skip_backward = false;     // elapsed time not wall time
  info_ptr->may_skip_forward = false;      // elapsed time not wall time
  info_ptr->kind = JVMTI_TIMER_TOTAL_CPU;  // user+system time is returned
}

bool os::is_thread_cpu_time_supported() {
#ifdef __APPLE__
  return true;
#elif defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE)
  return false;
#else
  return true;
#endif
}

// System loadavg support.  Returns -1 if load average cannot be obtained.
// Bsd doesn't yet have a (official) notion of processor sets,
// so just return the system wide load average.
int os::loadavg(double loadavg[], int nelem) {
  return ::getloadavg(loadavg, nelem);
}

void os::pause() {
  char filename[MAX_PATH];
  if (PauseAtStartupFile && PauseAtStartupFile[0]) {
    jio_snprintf(filename, MAX_PATH, PauseAtStartupFile);
  } else {
    jio_snprintf(filename, MAX_PATH, "./vm.paused.%d", current_process_id());
  }

  int fd = ::open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
  if (fd != -1) {
    struct stat buf;
    ::close(fd);
    while (::stat(filename, &buf) == 0) {
      (void)::poll(NULL, 0, 100);
    }
  } else {
    jio_fprintf(stderr,
      "Could not open pause file '%s', continuing immediately.\n", filename);
  }
}


// Refer to the comments in os_solaris.cpp park-unpark.
//
// Beware -- Some versions of NPTL embody a flaw where pthread_cond_timedwait() can
// hang indefinitely.  For instance NPTL 0.60 on 2.4.21-4ELsmp is vulnerable.
// For specifics regarding the bug see GLIBC BUGID 261237 :
//    http://www.mail-archive.com/debian-glibc@lists.debian.org/msg10837.html.
// Briefly, pthread_cond_timedwait() calls with an expiry time that's not in the future
// will either hang or corrupt the condvar, resulting in subsequent hangs if the condvar
// is used.  (The simple C test-case provided in the GLIBC bug report manifests the
// hang).  The JVM is vulernable via sleep(), Object.wait(timo), LockSupport.parkNanos()
// and monitorenter when we're using 1-0 locking.  All those operations may result in
// calls to pthread_cond_timedwait().  Using LD_ASSUME_KERNEL to use an older version
// of libpthread avoids the problem, but isn't practical.
//
// Possible remedies:
//
// 1.   Establish a minimum relative wait time.  50 to 100 msecs seems to work.
//      This is palliative and probabilistic, however.  If the thread is preempted
//      between the call to compute_abstime() and pthread_cond_timedwait(), more
//      than the minimum period may have passed, and the abstime may be stale (in the
//      past) resultin in a hang.   Using this technique reduces the odds of a hang
//      but the JVM is still vulnerable, particularly on heavily loaded systems.
//
// 2.   Modify park-unpark to use per-thread (per ParkEvent) pipe-pairs instead
//      of the usual flag-condvar-mutex idiom.  The write side of the pipe is set
//      NDELAY. unpark() reduces to write(), park() reduces to read() and park(timo)
//      reduces to poll()+read().  This works well, but consumes 2 FDs per extant
//      thread.
//
// 3.   Embargo pthread_cond_timedwait() and implement a native "chron" thread
//      that manages timeouts.  We'd emulate pthread_cond_timedwait() by enqueuing
//      a timeout request to the chron thread and then blocking via pthread_cond_wait().
//      This also works well.  In fact it avoids kernel-level scalability impediments
//      on certain platforms that don't handle lots of active pthread_cond_timedwait()
//      timers in a graceful fashion.
//
// 4.   When the abstime value is in the past it appears that control returns
//      correctly from pthread_cond_timedwait(), but the condvar is left corrupt.
//      Subsequent timedwait/wait calls may hang indefinitely.  Given that, we
//      can avoid the problem by reinitializing the condvar -- by cond_destroy()
//      followed by cond_init() -- after all calls to pthread_cond_timedwait().
//      It may be possible to avoid reinitialization by checking the return
//      value from pthread_cond_timedwait().  In addition to reinitializing the
//      condvar we must establish the invariant that cond_signal() is only called
//      within critical sections protected by the adjunct mutex.  This prevents
//      cond_signal() from "seeing" a condvar that's in the midst of being
//      reinitialized or that is corrupt.  Sadly, this invariant obviates the
//      desirable signal-after-unlock optimization that avoids futile context switching.
//
//      I'm also concerned that some versions of NTPL might allocate an auxilliary
//      structure when a condvar is used or initialized.  cond_destroy()  would
//      release the helper structure.  Our reinitialize-after-timedwait fix
//      put excessive stress on malloc/free and locks protecting the c-heap.
//
// We currently use (4).  See the WorkAroundNTPLTimedWaitHang flag.
// It may be possible to refine (4) by checking the kernel and NTPL verisons
// and only enabling the work-around for vulnerable environments.

// utility to compute the abstime argument to timedwait:
// millis is the relative timeout time
// abstime will be the absolute timeout time
// TODO: replace compute_abstime() with unpackTime()

static struct timespec* compute_abstime(struct timespec* abstime, jlong millis) {
  if (millis < 0)  millis = 0;
  struct timeval now;
  int status = gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
  assert(status == 0, "gettimeofday");
  jlong seconds = millis / 1000;
  millis %= 1000;
  if (seconds > 50000000) { // see man cond_timedwait(3T)
    seconds = 50000000;
  }
  abstime->tv_sec = now.tv_sec  + seconds;
  long       usec = now.tv_usec + millis * 1000;
  if (usec >= 1000000) {
    abstime->tv_sec += 1;
    usec -= 1000000;
  }
  abstime->tv_nsec = usec * 1000;
  return abstime;
}


// Test-and-clear _Event, always leaves _Event set to 0, returns immediately.
// Conceptually TryPark() should be equivalent to park(0).

int os::PlatformEvent::TryPark() {
  for (;;) {
    const int v = _Event ;
    guarantee ((v == 0) || (v == 1), "invariant") ;
    if (Atomic::cmpxchg (0, &_Event, v) == v) return v  ;
  }
}

void os::PlatformEvent::park() {       // AKA "down()"
  // Invariant: Only the thread associated with the Event/PlatformEvent
  // may call park().
  // TODO: assert that _Assoc != NULL or _Assoc == Self
  int v ;
  for (;;) {
      v = _Event ;
      if (Atomic::cmpxchg (v-1, &_Event, v) == v) break ;
  }
  guarantee (v >= 0, "invariant") ;
  if (v == 0) {
     // Do this the hard way by blocking ...
     int status = pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex);
     assert_status(status == 0, status, "mutex_lock");
     guarantee (_nParked == 0, "invariant") ;
     ++ _nParked ;
     while (_Event < 0) {
        status = pthread_cond_wait(_cond, _mutex);
        // for some reason, under 2.7 lwp_cond_wait() may return ETIME ...
        // Treat this the same as if the wait was interrupted
        if (status == ETIMEDOUT) { status = EINTR; }
        assert_status(status == 0 || status == EINTR, status, "cond_wait");
     }
     -- _nParked ;

    // In theory we could move the ST of 0 into _Event past the unlock(),
    // but then we'd need a MEMBAR after the ST.
    _Event = 0 ;
     status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
     assert_status(status == 0, status, "mutex_unlock");
  }
  guarantee (_Event >= 0, "invariant") ;
}

int os::PlatformEvent::park(jlong millis) {
  guarantee (_nParked == 0, "invariant") ;

  int v ;
  for (;;) {
      v = _Event ;
      if (Atomic::cmpxchg (v-1, &_Event, v) == v) break ;
  }
  guarantee (v >= 0, "invariant") ;
  if (v != 0) return OS_OK ;

  // We do this the hard way, by blocking the thread.
  // Consider enforcing a minimum timeout value.
  struct timespec abst;
  compute_abstime(&abst, millis);

  int ret = OS_TIMEOUT;
  int status = pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex);
  assert_status(status == 0, status, "mutex_lock");
  guarantee (_nParked == 0, "invariant") ;
  ++_nParked ;

  // Object.wait(timo) will return because of
  // (a) notification
  // (b) timeout
  // (c) thread.interrupt
  //
  // Thread.interrupt and object.notify{All} both call Event::set.
  // That is, we treat thread.interrupt as a special case of notification.
  // The underlying Solaris implementation, cond_timedwait, admits
  // spurious/premature wakeups, but the JLS/JVM spec prevents the
  // JVM from making those visible to Java code.  As such, we must
  // filter out spurious wakeups.  We assume all ETIME returns are valid.
  //
  // TODO: properly differentiate simultaneous notify+interrupt.
  // In that case, we should propagate the notify to another waiter.

  while (_Event < 0) {
    status = os::Bsd::safe_cond_timedwait(_cond, _mutex, &abst);
    if (status != 0 && WorkAroundNPTLTimedWaitHang) {
      pthread_cond_destroy (_cond);
      pthread_cond_init (_cond, NULL) ;
    }
    assert_status(status == 0 || status == EINTR ||
                  status == ETIMEDOUT,
                  status, "cond_timedwait");
    if (!FilterSpuriousWakeups) break ;                 // previous semantics
    if (status == ETIMEDOUT) break ;
    // We consume and ignore EINTR and spurious wakeups.
  }
  --_nParked ;
  if (_Event >= 0) {
     ret = OS_OK;
  }
  _Event = 0 ;
  status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
  assert_status(status == 0, status, "mutex_unlock");
  assert (_nParked == 0, "invariant") ;
  return ret;
}

void os::PlatformEvent::unpark() {
  int v, AnyWaiters ;
  for (;;) {
      v = _Event ;
      if (v > 0) {
         // The LD of _Event could have reordered or be satisfied
         // by a read-aside from this processor's write buffer.
         // To avoid problems execute a barrier and then
         // ratify the value.
         OrderAccess::fence() ;
         if (_Event == v) return ;
         continue ;
      }
      if (Atomic::cmpxchg (v+1, &_Event, v) == v) break ;
  }
  if (v < 0) {
     // Wait for the thread associated with the event to vacate
     int status = pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex);
     assert_status(status == 0, status, "mutex_lock");
     AnyWaiters = _nParked ;
     assert (AnyWaiters == 0 || AnyWaiters == 1, "invariant") ;
     if (AnyWaiters != 0 && WorkAroundNPTLTimedWaitHang) {
        AnyWaiters = 0 ;
        pthread_cond_signal (_cond);
     }
     status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
     assert_status(status == 0, status, "mutex_unlock");
     if (AnyWaiters != 0) {
        status = pthread_cond_signal(_cond);
        assert_status(status == 0, status, "cond_signal");
     }
  }

  // Note that we signal() _after dropping the lock for "immortal" Events.
  // This is safe and avoids a common class of  futile wakeups.  In rare
  // circumstances this can cause a thread to return prematurely from
  // cond_{timed}wait() but the spurious wakeup is benign and the victim will
  // simply re-test the condition and re-park itself.
}


// JSR166
// -------------------------------------------------------

/*
 * The solaris and bsd implementations of park/unpark are fairly
 * conservative for now, but can be improved. They currently use a
 * mutex/condvar pair, plus a a count.
 * Park decrements count if > 0, else does a condvar wait.  Unpark
 * sets count to 1 and signals condvar.  Only one thread ever waits
 * on the condvar. Contention seen when trying to park implies that someone
 * is unparking you, so don't wait. And spurious returns are fine, so there
 * is no need to track notifications.
 */

#define MAX_SECS 100000000
/*
 * This code is common to bsd and solaris and will be moved to a
 * common place in dolphin.
 *
 * The passed in time value is either a relative time in nanoseconds
 * or an absolute time in milliseconds. Either way it has to be unpacked
 * into suitable seconds and nanoseconds components and stored in the
 * given timespec structure.
 * Given time is a 64-bit value and the time_t used in the timespec is only
 * a signed-32-bit value (except on 64-bit Bsd) we have to watch for
 * overflow if times way in the future are given. Further on Solaris versions
 * prior to 10 there is a restriction (see cond_timedwait) that the specified
 * number of seconds, in abstime, is less than current_time  + 100,000,000.
 * As it will be 28 years before "now + 100000000" will overflow we can
 * ignore overflow and just impose a hard-limit on seconds using the value
 * of "now + 100,000,000". This places a limit on the timeout of about 3.17
 * years from "now".
 */

static void unpackTime(struct timespec* absTime, bool isAbsolute, jlong time) {
  assert (time > 0, "convertTime");

  struct timeval now;
  int status = gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
  assert(status == 0, "gettimeofday");

  time_t max_secs = now.tv_sec + MAX_SECS;

  if (isAbsolute) {
    jlong secs = time / 1000;
    if (secs > max_secs) {
      absTime->tv_sec = max_secs;
    }
    else {
      absTime->tv_sec = secs;
    }
    absTime->tv_nsec = (time % 1000) * NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC;
  }
  else {
    jlong secs = time / NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
    if (secs >= MAX_SECS) {
      absTime->tv_sec = max_secs;
      absTime->tv_nsec = 0;
    }
    else {
      absTime->tv_sec = now.tv_sec + secs;
      absTime->tv_nsec = (time % NANOSECS_PER_SEC) + now.tv_usec*1000;
      if (absTime->tv_nsec >= NANOSECS_PER_SEC) {
        absTime->tv_nsec -= NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
        ++absTime->tv_sec; // note: this must be <= max_secs
      }
    }
  }
  assert(absTime->tv_sec >= 0, "tv_sec < 0");
  assert(absTime->tv_sec <= max_secs, "tv_sec > max_secs");
  assert(absTime->tv_nsec >= 0, "tv_nsec < 0");
  assert(absTime->tv_nsec < NANOSECS_PER_SEC, "tv_nsec >= nanos_per_sec");
}

void Parker::park(bool isAbsolute, jlong time) {
  // Optional fast-path check:
  // Return immediately if a permit is available.
  if (_counter > 0) {
      _counter = 0 ;
      OrderAccess::fence();
      return ;
  }

  Thread* thread = Thread::current();
  assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "Must be JavaThread");
  JavaThread *jt = (JavaThread *)thread;

  // Optional optimization -- avoid state transitions if there's an interrupt pending.
  // Check interrupt before trying to wait
  if (Thread::is_interrupted(thread, false)) {
    return;
  }

  // Next, demultiplex/decode time arguments
  struct timespec absTime;
  if (time < 0 || (isAbsolute && time == 0) ) { // don't wait at all
    return;
  }
  if (time > 0) {
    unpackTime(&absTime, isAbsolute, time);
  }


  // Enter safepoint region
  // Beware of deadlocks such as 6317397.
  // The per-thread Parker:: mutex is a classic leaf-lock.
  // In particular a thread must never block on the Threads_lock while
  // holding the Parker:: mutex.  If safepoints are pending both the
  // the ThreadBlockInVM() CTOR and DTOR may grab Threads_lock.
  ThreadBlockInVM tbivm(jt);

  // Don't wait if cannot get lock since interference arises from
  // unblocking.  Also. check interrupt before trying wait
  if (Thread::is_interrupted(thread, false) || pthread_mutex_trylock(_mutex) != 0) {
    return;
  }

  int status ;
  if (_counter > 0)  { // no wait needed
    _counter = 0;
    status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
    assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
    OrderAccess::fence();
    return;
  }

#ifdef ASSERT
  // Don't catch signals while blocked; let the running threads have the signals.
  // (This allows a debugger to break into the running thread.)
  sigset_t oldsigs;
  sigset_t* allowdebug_blocked = os::Bsd::allowdebug_blocked_signals();
  pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, allowdebug_blocked, &oldsigs);
#endif

  OSThreadWaitState osts(thread->osthread(), false /* not Object.wait() */);
  jt->set_suspend_equivalent();
  // cleared by handle_special_suspend_equivalent_condition() or java_suspend_self()

  if (time == 0) {
    status = pthread_cond_wait (_cond, _mutex) ;
  } else {
    status = os::Bsd::safe_cond_timedwait (_cond, _mutex, &absTime) ;
    if (status != 0 && WorkAroundNPTLTimedWaitHang) {
      pthread_cond_destroy (_cond) ;
      pthread_cond_init    (_cond, NULL);
    }
  }
  assert_status(status == 0 || status == EINTR ||
                status == ETIMEDOUT,
                status, "cond_timedwait");

#ifdef ASSERT
  pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldsigs, NULL);
#endif

  _counter = 0 ;
  status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex) ;
  assert_status(status == 0, status, "invariant") ;
  // If externally suspended while waiting, re-suspend
  if (jt->handle_special_suspend_equivalent_condition()) {
    jt->java_suspend_self();
  }

  OrderAccess::fence();
}

void Parker::unpark() {
  int s, status ;
  status = pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex);
  assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
  s = _counter;
  _counter = 1;
  if (s < 1) {
     if (WorkAroundNPTLTimedWaitHang) {
        status = pthread_cond_signal (_cond) ;
        assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
        status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
        assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
     } else {
        status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
        assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
        status = pthread_cond_signal (_cond) ;
        assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
     }
  } else {
    pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
    assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
  }
}


/* Darwin has no "environ" in a dynamic library. */
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <crt_externs.h>
#define environ (*_NSGetEnviron())
#else
extern char** environ;
#endif

// Run the specified command in a separate process. Return its exit value,
// or -1 on failure (e.g. can't fork a new process).
// Unlike system(), this function can be called from signal handler. It
// doesn't block SIGINT et al.
int os::fork_and_exec(char* cmd) {
  const char * argv[4] = {"sh", "-c", cmd, NULL};

  // fork() in BsdThreads/NPTL is not async-safe. It needs to run
  // pthread_atfork handlers and reset pthread library. All we need is a
  // separate process to execve. Make a direct syscall to fork process.
  // On IA64 there's no fork syscall, we have to use fork() and hope for
  // the best...
  pid_t pid = fork();

  if (pid < 0) {
    // fork failed
    return -1;

  } else if (pid == 0) {
    // child process

    // execve() in BsdThreads will call pthread_kill_other_threads_np()
    // first to kill every thread on the thread list. Because this list is
    // not reset by fork() (see notes above), execve() will instead kill
    // every thread in the parent process. We know this is the only thread
    // in the new process, so make a system call directly.
    // IA64 should use normal execve() from glibc to match the glibc fork()
    // above.
    execve("/bin/sh", (char* const*)argv, environ);

    // execve failed
    _exit(-1);

  } else  {
    // copied from J2SE ..._waitForProcessExit() in UNIXProcess_md.c; we don't
    // care about the actual exit code, for now.

    int status;

    // Wait for the child process to exit.  This returns immediately if
    // the child has already exited. */
    while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0) {
        switch (errno) {
        case ECHILD: return 0;
        case EINTR: break;
        default: return -1;
        }
    }

    if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
       // The child exited normally; get its exit code.
       return WEXITSTATUS(status);
    } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
       // The child exited because of a signal
       // The best value to return is 0x80 + signal number,
       // because that is what all Unix shells do, and because
       // it allows callers to distinguish between process exit and
       // process death by signal.
       return 0x80 + WTERMSIG(status);
    } else {
       // Unknown exit code; pass it through
       return status;
    }
  }
}

// is_headless_jre()
//
5765
// Test for the existence of xawt/libmawt.so or libawt_xawt.so
N
never 已提交
5766 5767
// in order to report if we are running in a headless jre
//
5768 5769 5770
// Since JDK8 xawt/libmawt.so was moved into the same directory
// as libawt.so, and renamed libawt_xawt.so
//
N
never 已提交
5771 5772 5773 5774
bool os::is_headless_jre() {
    struct stat statbuf;
    char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
    char libmawtpath[MAXPATHLEN];
D
dcubed 已提交
5775
    const char *xawtstr  = "/xawt/libmawt" JNI_LIB_SUFFIX;
5776
    const char *new_xawtstr = "/libawt_xawt" JNI_LIB_SUFFIX;
N
never 已提交
5777 5778 5779 5780 5781 5782 5783 5784 5785 5786 5787 5788 5789 5790 5791 5792 5793 5794 5795 5796
    char *p;

    // Get path to libjvm.so
    os::jvm_path(buf, sizeof(buf));

    // Get rid of libjvm.so
    p = strrchr(buf, '/');
    if (p == NULL) return false;
    else *p = '\0';

    // Get rid of client or server
    p = strrchr(buf, '/');
    if (p == NULL) return false;
    else *p = '\0';

    // check xawt/libmawt.so
    strcpy(libmawtpath, buf);
    strcat(libmawtpath, xawtstr);
    if (::stat(libmawtpath, &statbuf) == 0) return false;

5797
    // check libawt_xawt.so
N
never 已提交
5798
    strcpy(libmawtpath, buf);
5799
    strcat(libmawtpath, new_xawtstr);
N
never 已提交
5800 5801 5802 5803
    if (::stat(libmawtpath, &statbuf) == 0) return false;

    return true;
}