concurrentMarkSweepGeneration.cpp 363.5 KB
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/*
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 * Copyright (c) 2001, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
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 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
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 *
 */

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#include "precompiled.hpp"
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#include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
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#include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
#include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
#include "code/codeCache.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsAdaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsGCAdaptivePolicyCounters.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsOopClosures.inline.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/compactibleFreeListSpace.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/concurrentMarkSweepGeneration.inline.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/concurrentMarkSweepThread.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/vmCMSOperations.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/parNew/parNewGeneration.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/shared/collectorCounters.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/shared/isGCActiveMark.hpp"
#include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
#include "memory/cardTableRS.hpp"
#include "memory/collectorPolicy.hpp"
#include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
#include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
#include "memory/genMarkSweep.hpp"
#include "memory/genOopClosures.inline.hpp"
#include "memory/iterator.hpp"
#include "memory/referencePolicy.hpp"
#include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
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#include "memory/tenuredGeneration.hpp"
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#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
#include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
#include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
#include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/java.hpp"
#include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
#include "services/memoryService.hpp"
#include "services/runtimeService.hpp"
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// statics
CMSCollector* ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::_collector = NULL;
bool          CMSCollector::_full_gc_requested          = false;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// In support of CMS/VM thread synchronization
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// We split use of the CGC_lock into 2 "levels".
// The low-level locking is of the usual CGC_lock monitor. We introduce
// a higher level "token" (hereafter "CMS token") built on top of the
// low level monitor (hereafter "CGC lock").
// The token-passing protocol gives priority to the VM thread. The
// CMS-lock doesn't provide any fairness guarantees, but clients
// should ensure that it is only held for very short, bounded
// durations.
//
// When either of the CMS thread or the VM thread is involved in
// collection operations during which it does not want the other
// thread to interfere, it obtains the CMS token.
//
// If either thread tries to get the token while the other has
// it, that thread waits. However, if the VM thread and CMS thread
// both want the token, then the VM thread gets priority while the
// CMS thread waits. This ensures, for instance, that the "concurrent"
// phases of the CMS thread's work do not block out the VM thread
// for long periods of time as the CMS thread continues to hog
// the token. (See bug 4616232).
//
// The baton-passing functions are, however, controlled by the
// flags _foregroundGCShouldWait and _foregroundGCIsActive,
// and here the low-level CMS lock, not the high level token,
// ensures mutual exclusion.
//
// Two important conditions that we have to satisfy:
// 1. if a thread does a low-level wait on the CMS lock, then it
//    relinquishes the CMS token if it were holding that token
//    when it acquired the low-level CMS lock.
// 2. any low-level notifications on the low-level lock
//    should only be sent when a thread has relinquished the token.
//
// In the absence of either property, we'd have potential deadlock.
//
// We protect each of the CMS (concurrent and sequential) phases
// with the CMS _token_, not the CMS _lock_.
//
// The only code protected by CMS lock is the token acquisition code
// itself, see ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::[de]synchronize(), and the
// baton-passing code.
//
// Unfortunately, i couldn't come up with a good abstraction to factor and
// hide the naked CGC_lock manipulation in the baton-passing code
// further below. That's something we should try to do. Also, the proof
// of correctness of this 2-level locking scheme is far from obvious,
// and potentially quite slippery. We have an uneasy supsicion, for instance,
// that there may be a theoretical possibility of delay/starvation in the
// low-level lock/wait/notify scheme used for the baton-passing because of
// potential intereference with the priority scheme embodied in the
// CMS-token-passing protocol. See related comments at a CGC_lock->wait()
// invocation further below and marked with "XXX 20011219YSR".
// Indeed, as we note elsewhere, this may become yet more slippery
// in the presence of multiple CMS and/or multiple VM threads. XXX

class CMSTokenSync: public StackObj {
 private:
  bool _is_cms_thread;
 public:
  CMSTokenSync(bool is_cms_thread):
    _is_cms_thread(is_cms_thread) {
    assert(is_cms_thread == Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread(),
           "Incorrect argument to constructor");
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(_is_cms_thread);
  }

  ~CMSTokenSync() {
    assert(_is_cms_thread ?
             ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token() :
             ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::vm_thread_has_cms_token(),
          "Incorrect state");
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(_is_cms_thread);
  }
};

// Convenience class that does a CMSTokenSync, and then acquires
// upto three locks.
class CMSTokenSyncWithLocks: public CMSTokenSync {
 private:
  // Note: locks are acquired in textual declaration order
  // and released in the opposite order
  MutexLockerEx _locker1, _locker2, _locker3;
 public:
  CMSTokenSyncWithLocks(bool is_cms_thread, Mutex* mutex1,
                        Mutex* mutex2 = NULL, Mutex* mutex3 = NULL):
    CMSTokenSync(is_cms_thread),
    _locker1(mutex1, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag),
    _locker2(mutex2, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag),
    _locker3(mutex3, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag)
  { }
};


// Wrapper class to temporarily disable icms during a foreground cms collection.
class ICMSDisabler: public StackObj {
 public:
  // The ctor disables icms and wakes up the thread so it notices the change;
  // the dtor re-enables icms.  Note that the CMSCollector methods will check
  // CMSIncrementalMode.
  ICMSDisabler()  { CMSCollector::disable_icms(); CMSCollector::start_icms(); }
  ~ICMSDisabler() { CMSCollector::enable_icms(); }
};

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Concurrent Mark-Sweep Generation /////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

NOT_PRODUCT(CompactibleFreeListSpace* debug_cms_space;)

// This struct contains per-thread things necessary to support parallel
// young-gen collection.
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class CMSParGCThreadState: public CHeapObj<mtGC> {
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 public:
  CFLS_LAB lab;
  PromotionInfo promo;

  // Constructor.
  CMSParGCThreadState(CompactibleFreeListSpace* cfls) : lab(cfls) {
    promo.setSpace(cfls);
  }
};

ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration(
     ReservedSpace rs, size_t initial_byte_size, int level,
     CardTableRS* ct, bool use_adaptive_freelists,
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     FreeBlockDictionary<FreeChunk>::DictionaryChoice dictionaryChoice) :
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  CardGeneration(rs, initial_byte_size, level, ct),
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  _dilatation_factor(((double)MinChunkSize)/((double)(CollectedHeap::min_fill_size()))),
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  _debug_collection_type(Concurrent_collection_type),
  _did_compact(false)
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{
  HeapWord* bottom = (HeapWord*) _virtual_space.low();
  HeapWord* end    = (HeapWord*) _virtual_space.high();

  _direct_allocated_words = 0;
  NOT_PRODUCT(
    _numObjectsPromoted = 0;
    _numWordsPromoted = 0;
    _numObjectsAllocated = 0;
    _numWordsAllocated = 0;
  )

  _cmsSpace = new CompactibleFreeListSpace(_bts, MemRegion(bottom, end),
                                           use_adaptive_freelists,
                                           dictionaryChoice);
  NOT_PRODUCT(debug_cms_space = _cmsSpace;)
  if (_cmsSpace == NULL) {
    vm_exit_during_initialization(
      "CompactibleFreeListSpace allocation failure");
  }
  _cmsSpace->_gen = this;

  _gc_stats = new CMSGCStats();

  // Verify the assumption that FreeChunk::_prev and OopDesc::_klass
  // offsets match. The ability to tell free chunks from objects
  // depends on this property.
  debug_only(
    FreeChunk* junk = NULL;
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    assert(UseCompressedKlassPointers ||
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           junk->prev_addr() == (void*)(oop(junk)->klass_addr()),
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           "Offset of FreeChunk::_prev within FreeChunk must match"
           "  that of OopDesc::_klass within OopDesc");
  )
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  if (CollectedHeap::use_parallel_gc_threads()) {
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    typedef CMSParGCThreadState* CMSParGCThreadStatePtr;
    _par_gc_thread_states =
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      NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(CMSParGCThreadStatePtr, ParallelGCThreads, mtGC);
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    if (_par_gc_thread_states == NULL) {
      vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not allocate par gc structs");
    }
    for (uint i = 0; i < ParallelGCThreads; i++) {
      _par_gc_thread_states[i] = new CMSParGCThreadState(cmsSpace());
      if (_par_gc_thread_states[i] == NULL) {
        vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not allocate par gc structs");
      }
    }
  } else {
    _par_gc_thread_states = NULL;
  }
  _incremental_collection_failed = false;
  // The "dilatation_factor" is the expansion that can occur on
  // account of the fact that the minimum object size in the CMS
  // generation may be larger than that in, say, a contiguous young
  //  generation.
  // Ideally, in the calculation below, we'd compute the dilatation
  // factor as: MinChunkSize/(promoting_gen's min object size)
  // Since we do not have such a general query interface for the
  // promoting generation, we'll instead just use the mimimum
  // object size (which today is a header's worth of space);
  // note that all arithmetic is in units of HeapWords.
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  assert(MinChunkSize >= CollectedHeap::min_fill_size(), "just checking");
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  assert(_dilatation_factor >= 1.0, "from previous assert");
}

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// The field "_initiating_occupancy" represents the occupancy percentage
// at which we trigger a new collection cycle.  Unless explicitly specified
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// via CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction (argument "io" below), it
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// is calculated by:
//
//   Let "f" be MinHeapFreeRatio in
//
//    _intiating_occupancy = 100-f +
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//                           f * (CMSTriggerRatio/100)
//   where CMSTriggerRatio is the argument "tr" below.
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//
// That is, if we assume the heap is at its desired maximum occupancy at the
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// end of a collection, we let CMSTriggerRatio of the (purported) free
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// space be allocated before initiating a new collection cycle.
//
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void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::init_initiating_occupancy(intx io, uintx tr) {
  assert(io <= 100 && tr <= 100, "Check the arguments");
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  if (io >= 0) {
    _initiating_occupancy = (double)io / 100.0;
  } else {
    _initiating_occupancy = ((100 - MinHeapFreeRatio) +
                             (double)(tr * MinHeapFreeRatio) / 100.0)
                            / 100.0;
  }
}

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void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::ref_processor_init() {
  assert(collector() != NULL, "no collector");
  collector()->ref_processor_init();
}

void CMSCollector::ref_processor_init() {
  if (_ref_processor == NULL) {
    // Allocate and initialize a reference processor
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    _ref_processor =
      new ReferenceProcessor(_span,                               // span
                             (ParallelGCThreads > 1) && ParallelRefProcEnabled, // mt processing
                             (int) ParallelGCThreads,             // mt processing degree
                             _cmsGen->refs_discovery_is_mt(),     // mt discovery
                             (int) MAX2(ConcGCThreads, ParallelGCThreads), // mt discovery degree
                             _cmsGen->refs_discovery_is_atomic(), // discovery is not atomic
                             &_is_alive_closure,                  // closure for liveness info
                             false);                              // next field updates do not need write barrier
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    // Initialize the _ref_processor field of CMSGen
    _cmsGen->set_ref_processor(_ref_processor);

  }
}

CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy* CMSCollector::size_policy() {
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  assert(gch->kind() == CollectedHeap::GenCollectedHeap,
    "Wrong type of heap");
  CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy* sp = (CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy*)
    gch->gen_policy()->size_policy();
  assert(sp->is_gc_cms_adaptive_size_policy(),
    "Wrong type of size policy");
  return sp;
}

CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters* CMSCollector::gc_adaptive_policy_counters() {
  CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters* results =
    (CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters*) collector_policy()->counters();
  assert(
    results->kind() == GCPolicyCounters::CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCountersKind,
    "Wrong gc policy counter kind");
  return results;
}


void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::initialize_performance_counters() {

  const char* gen_name = "old";

  // Generation Counters - generation 1, 1 subspace
  _gen_counters = new GenerationCounters(gen_name, 1, 1, &_virtual_space);

  _space_counters = new GSpaceCounters(gen_name, 0,
                                       _virtual_space.reserved_size(),
                                       this, _gen_counters);
}

CMSStats::CMSStats(ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration* cms_gen, unsigned int alpha):
  _cms_gen(cms_gen)
{
  assert(alpha <= 100, "bad value");
  _saved_alpha = alpha;

  // Initialize the alphas to the bootstrap value of 100.
  _gc0_alpha = _cms_alpha = 100;

  _cms_begin_time.update();
  _cms_end_time.update();

  _gc0_duration = 0.0;
  _gc0_period = 0.0;
  _gc0_promoted = 0;

  _cms_duration = 0.0;
  _cms_period = 0.0;
  _cms_allocated = 0;

  _cms_used_at_gc0_begin = 0;
  _cms_used_at_gc0_end = 0;
  _allow_duty_cycle_reduction = false;
  _valid_bits = 0;
  _icms_duty_cycle = CMSIncrementalDutyCycle;
}

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double CMSStats::cms_free_adjustment_factor(size_t free) const {
  // TBD: CR 6909490
  return 1.0;
}

void CMSStats::adjust_cms_free_adjustment_factor(bool fail, size_t free) {
}

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// If promotion failure handling is on use
// the padded average size of the promotion for each
// young generation collection.
double CMSStats::time_until_cms_gen_full() const {
  size_t cms_free = _cms_gen->cmsSpace()->free();
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
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  size_t expected_promotion = MIN2(gch->get_gen(0)->capacity(),
                                   (size_t) _cms_gen->gc_stats()->avg_promoted()->padded_average());
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  if (cms_free > expected_promotion) {
    // Start a cms collection if there isn't enough space to promote
    // for the next minor collection.  Use the padded average as
    // a safety factor.
    cms_free -= expected_promotion;

    // Adjust by the safety factor.
    double cms_free_dbl = (double)cms_free;
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    double cms_adjustment = (100.0 - CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor)/100.0;
    // Apply a further correction factor which tries to adjust
    // for recent occurance of concurrent mode failures.
    cms_adjustment = cms_adjustment * cms_free_adjustment_factor(cms_free);
    cms_free_dbl = cms_free_dbl * cms_adjustment;
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    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMSStats::time_until_cms_gen_full: cms_free "
        SIZE_FORMAT " expected_promotion " SIZE_FORMAT,
        cms_free, expected_promotion);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  cms_free_dbl %f cms_consumption_rate %f",
        cms_free_dbl, cms_consumption_rate() + 1.0);
    }
    // Add 1 in case the consumption rate goes to zero.
    return cms_free_dbl / (cms_consumption_rate() + 1.0);
  }
  return 0.0;
}

// Compare the duration of the cms collection to the
// time remaining before the cms generation is empty.
// Note that the time from the start of the cms collection
// to the start of the cms sweep (less than the total
// duration of the cms collection) can be used.  This
// has been tried and some applications experienced
// promotion failures early in execution.  This was
// possibly because the averages were not accurate
// enough at the beginning.
double CMSStats::time_until_cms_start() const {
  // We add "gc0_period" to the "work" calculation
  // below because this query is done (mostly) at the
  // end of a scavenge, so we need to conservatively
  // account for that much possible delay
  // in the query so as to avoid concurrent mode failures
  // due to starting the collection just a wee bit too
  // late.
  double work = cms_duration() + gc0_period();
  double deadline = time_until_cms_gen_full();
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  // If a concurrent mode failure occurred recently, we want to be
  // more conservative and halve our expected time_until_cms_gen_full()
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  if (work > deadline) {
    if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
      gclog_or_tty->print(
        " CMSCollector: collect because of anticipated promotion "
        "before full %3.7f + %3.7f > %3.7f ", cms_duration(),
        gc0_period(), time_until_cms_gen_full());
    }
    return 0.0;
  }
  return work - deadline;
}

// Return a duty cycle based on old_duty_cycle and new_duty_cycle, limiting the
// amount of change to prevent wild oscillation.
unsigned int CMSStats::icms_damped_duty_cycle(unsigned int old_duty_cycle,
                                              unsigned int new_duty_cycle) {
  assert(old_duty_cycle <= 100, "bad input value");
  assert(new_duty_cycle <= 100, "bad input value");

  // Note:  use subtraction with caution since it may underflow (values are
  // unsigned).  Addition is safe since we're in the range 0-100.
  unsigned int damped_duty_cycle = new_duty_cycle;
  if (new_duty_cycle < old_duty_cycle) {
    const unsigned int largest_delta = MAX2(old_duty_cycle / 4, 5U);
    if (new_duty_cycle + largest_delta < old_duty_cycle) {
      damped_duty_cycle = old_duty_cycle - largest_delta;
    }
  } else if (new_duty_cycle > old_duty_cycle) {
    const unsigned int largest_delta = MAX2(old_duty_cycle / 4, 15U);
    if (new_duty_cycle > old_duty_cycle + largest_delta) {
      damped_duty_cycle = MIN2(old_duty_cycle + largest_delta, 100U);
    }
  }
  assert(damped_duty_cycle <= 100, "invalid duty cycle computed");

  if (CMSTraceIncrementalPacing) {
    gclog_or_tty->print(" [icms_damped_duty_cycle(%d,%d) = %d] ",
                           old_duty_cycle, new_duty_cycle, damped_duty_cycle);
  }
  return damped_duty_cycle;
}

unsigned int CMSStats::icms_update_duty_cycle_impl() {
  assert(CMSIncrementalPacing && valid(),
         "should be handled in icms_update_duty_cycle()");

  double cms_time_so_far = cms_timer().seconds();
  double scaled_duration = cms_duration_per_mb() * _cms_used_at_gc0_end / M;
  double scaled_duration_remaining = fabsd(scaled_duration - cms_time_so_far);

  // Avoid division by 0.
  double time_until_full = MAX2(time_until_cms_gen_full(), 0.01);
  double duty_cycle_dbl = 100.0 * scaled_duration_remaining / time_until_full;

  unsigned int new_duty_cycle = MIN2((unsigned int)duty_cycle_dbl, 100U);
  if (new_duty_cycle > _icms_duty_cycle) {
    // Avoid very small duty cycles (1 or 2); 0 is allowed.
    if (new_duty_cycle > 2) {
      _icms_duty_cycle = icms_damped_duty_cycle(_icms_duty_cycle,
                                                new_duty_cycle);
    }
  } else if (_allow_duty_cycle_reduction) {
    // The duty cycle is reduced only once per cms cycle (see record_cms_end()).
    new_duty_cycle = icms_damped_duty_cycle(_icms_duty_cycle, new_duty_cycle);
    // Respect the minimum duty cycle.
    unsigned int min_duty_cycle = (unsigned int)CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin;
    _icms_duty_cycle = MAX2(new_duty_cycle, min_duty_cycle);
  }

  if (PrintGCDetails || CMSTraceIncrementalPacing) {
    gclog_or_tty->print(" icms_dc=%d ", _icms_duty_cycle);
  }

  _allow_duty_cycle_reduction = false;
  return _icms_duty_cycle;
}

#ifndef PRODUCT
void CMSStats::print_on(outputStream *st) const {
  st->print(" gc0_alpha=%d,cms_alpha=%d", _gc0_alpha, _cms_alpha);
  st->print(",gc0_dur=%g,gc0_per=%g,gc0_promo=" SIZE_FORMAT,
               gc0_duration(), gc0_period(), gc0_promoted());
  st->print(",cms_dur=%g,cms_dur_per_mb=%g,cms_per=%g,cms_alloc=" SIZE_FORMAT,
            cms_duration(), cms_duration_per_mb(),
            cms_period(), cms_allocated());
  st->print(",cms_since_beg=%g,cms_since_end=%g",
            cms_time_since_begin(), cms_time_since_end());
  st->print(",cms_used_beg=" SIZE_FORMAT ",cms_used_end=" SIZE_FORMAT,
            _cms_used_at_gc0_begin, _cms_used_at_gc0_end);
  if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
    st->print(",dc=%d", icms_duty_cycle());
  }

  if (valid()) {
    st->print(",promo_rate=%g,cms_alloc_rate=%g",
              promotion_rate(), cms_allocation_rate());
    st->print(",cms_consumption_rate=%g,time_until_full=%g",
              cms_consumption_rate(), time_until_cms_gen_full());
  }
  st->print(" ");
}
#endif // #ifndef PRODUCT

CMSCollector::CollectorState CMSCollector::_collectorState =
                             CMSCollector::Idling;
bool CMSCollector::_foregroundGCIsActive = false;
bool CMSCollector::_foregroundGCShouldWait = false;

CMSCollector::CMSCollector(ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration* cmsGen,
                           CardTableRS*                   ct,
                           ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy*     cp):
  _cmsGen(cmsGen),
  _ct(ct),
  _ref_processor(NULL),    // will be set later
  _conc_workers(NULL),     // may be set later
  _abort_preclean(false),
  _start_sampling(false),
  _between_prologue_and_epilogue(false),
  _markBitMap(0, Mutex::leaf + 1, "CMS_markBitMap_lock"),
  _modUnionTable((CardTableModRefBS::card_shift - LogHeapWordSize),
                 -1 /* lock-free */, "No_lock" /* dummy */),
  _modUnionClosure(&_modUnionTable),
  _modUnionClosurePar(&_modUnionTable),
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  // Adjust my span to cover old (cms) gen
  _span(cmsGen->reserved()),
562 563
  // Construct the is_alive_closure with _span & markBitMap
  _is_alive_closure(_span, &_markBitMap),
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  _restart_addr(NULL),
  _overflow_list(NULL),
  _stats(cmsGen),
  _eden_chunk_array(NULL),     // may be set in ctor body
  _eden_chunk_capacity(0),     // -- ditto --
  _eden_chunk_index(0),        // -- ditto --
  _survivor_plab_array(NULL),  // -- ditto --
  _survivor_chunk_array(NULL), // -- ditto --
  _survivor_chunk_capacity(0), // -- ditto --
  _survivor_chunk_index(0),    // -- ditto --
  _ser_pmc_preclean_ovflw(0),
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  _ser_kac_preclean_ovflw(0),
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  _ser_pmc_remark_ovflw(0),
  _par_pmc_remark_ovflw(0),
  _ser_kac_ovflw(0),
  _par_kac_ovflw(0),
#ifndef PRODUCT
  _num_par_pushes(0),
#endif
  _collection_count_start(0),
  _verifying(false),
  _icms_start_limit(NULL),
  _icms_stop_limit(NULL),
  _verification_mark_bm(0, Mutex::leaf + 1, "CMS_verification_mark_bm_lock"),
  _completed_initialization(false),
  _collector_policy(cp),
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  _should_unload_classes(false),
  _concurrent_cycles_since_last_unload(0),
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  _roots_scanning_options(0),
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  _inter_sweep_estimate(CMS_SweepWeight, CMS_SweepPadding),
  _intra_sweep_estimate(CMS_SweepWeight, CMS_SweepPadding)
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{
  if (ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses) {
    ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent = true;
  }
  // Now expand the span and allocate the collection support structures
  // (MUT, marking bit map etc.) to cover both generations subject to
  // collection.

  // For use by dirty card to oop closures.
  _cmsGen->cmsSpace()->set_collector(this);

  // Allocate MUT and marking bit map
  {
    MutexLockerEx x(_markBitMap.lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    if (!_markBitMap.allocate(_span)) {
      warning("Failed to allocate CMS Bit Map");
      return;
    }
    assert(_markBitMap.covers(_span), "_markBitMap inconsistency?");
  }
  {
    _modUnionTable.allocate(_span);
    assert(_modUnionTable.covers(_span), "_modUnionTable inconsistency?");
  }

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  if (!_markStack.allocate(MarkStackSize)) {
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    warning("Failed to allocate CMS Marking Stack");
    return;
  }

  // Support for multi-threaded concurrent phases
626
  if (CMSConcurrentMTEnabled) {
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    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ConcGCThreads)) {
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      // just for now
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      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ConcGCThreads, (ParallelGCThreads + 3)/4);
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    }
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    if (ConcGCThreads > 1) {
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      _conc_workers = new YieldingFlexibleWorkGang("Parallel CMS Threads",
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                                 ConcGCThreads, true);
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      if (_conc_workers == NULL) {
        warning("GC/CMS: _conc_workers allocation failure: "
              "forcing -CMSConcurrentMTEnabled");
        CMSConcurrentMTEnabled = false;
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      } else {
        _conc_workers->initialize_workers();
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      }
    } else {
      CMSConcurrentMTEnabled = false;
    }
  }
  if (!CMSConcurrentMTEnabled) {
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    ConcGCThreads = 0;
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  } else {
    // Turn off CMSCleanOnEnter optimization temporarily for
    // the MT case where it's not fixed yet; see 6178663.
    CMSCleanOnEnter = false;
  }
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  assert((_conc_workers != NULL) == (ConcGCThreads > 1),
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         "Inconsistency");

  // Parallel task queues; these are shared for the
  // concurrent and stop-world phases of CMS, but
  // are not shared with parallel scavenge (ParNew).
  {
    uint i;
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    uint num_queues = (uint) MAX2(ParallelGCThreads, ConcGCThreads);
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    if ((CMSParallelRemarkEnabled || CMSConcurrentMTEnabled
         || ParallelRefProcEnabled)
        && num_queues > 0) {
      _task_queues = new OopTaskQueueSet(num_queues);
      if (_task_queues == NULL) {
        warning("task_queues allocation failure.");
        return;
      }
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      _hash_seed = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(int, num_queues, mtGC);
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      if (_hash_seed == NULL) {
        warning("_hash_seed array allocation failure");
        return;
      }

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      typedef Padded<OopTaskQueue> PaddedOopTaskQueue;
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      for (i = 0; i < num_queues; i++) {
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        PaddedOopTaskQueue *q = new PaddedOopTaskQueue();
        if (q == NULL) {
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          warning("work_queue allocation failure.");
          return;
        }
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        _task_queues->register_queue(i, q);
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      }
      for (i = 0; i < num_queues; i++) {
        _task_queues->queue(i)->initialize();
        _hash_seed[i] = 17;  // copied from ParNew
      }
    }
  }

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  _cmsGen ->init_initiating_occupancy(CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction, CMSTriggerRatio);

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  // Clip CMSBootstrapOccupancy between 0 and 100.
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  _bootstrap_occupancy = ((double)MIN2((uintx)100, MAX2((uintx)0, CMSBootstrapOccupancy)))
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                         /(double)100;

  _full_gcs_since_conc_gc = 0;

  // Now tell CMS generations the identity of their collector
  ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::set_collector(this);

  // Create & start a CMS thread for this CMS collector
  _cmsThread = ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::start(this);
  assert(cmsThread() != NULL, "CMS Thread should have been created");
  assert(cmsThread()->collector() == this,
         "CMS Thread should refer to this gen");
  assert(CGC_lock != NULL, "Where's the CGC_lock?");

  // Support for parallelizing young gen rescan
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  _young_gen = gch->prev_gen(_cmsGen);
  if (gch->supports_inline_contig_alloc()) {
    _top_addr = gch->top_addr();
    _end_addr = gch->end_addr();
    assert(_young_gen != NULL, "no _young_gen");
    _eden_chunk_index = 0;
    _eden_chunk_capacity = (_young_gen->max_capacity()+CMSSamplingGrain)/CMSSamplingGrain;
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    _eden_chunk_array = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(HeapWord*, _eden_chunk_capacity, mtGC);
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    if (_eden_chunk_array == NULL) {
      _eden_chunk_capacity = 0;
      warning("GC/CMS: _eden_chunk_array allocation failure");
    }
  }
  assert(_eden_chunk_array != NULL || _eden_chunk_capacity == 0, "Error");

  // Support for parallelizing survivor space rescan
  if (CMSParallelRemarkEnabled && CMSParallelSurvivorRemarkEnabled) {
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    const size_t max_plab_samples =
      ((DefNewGeneration*)_young_gen)->max_survivor_size()/MinTLABSize;

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    _survivor_plab_array  = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ChunkArray, ParallelGCThreads, mtGC);
    _survivor_chunk_array = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(HeapWord*, 2*max_plab_samples, mtGC);
    _cursor               = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(size_t, ParallelGCThreads, mtGC);
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    if (_survivor_plab_array == NULL || _survivor_chunk_array == NULL
        || _cursor == NULL) {
      warning("Failed to allocate survivor plab/chunk array");
      if (_survivor_plab_array  != NULL) {
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        FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ChunkArray, _survivor_plab_array, mtGC);
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        _survivor_plab_array = NULL;
      }
      if (_survivor_chunk_array != NULL) {
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        FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(HeapWord*, _survivor_chunk_array, mtGC);
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        _survivor_chunk_array = NULL;
      }
      if (_cursor != NULL) {
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        FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(size_t, _cursor, mtGC);
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        _cursor = NULL;
      }
    } else {
      _survivor_chunk_capacity = 2*max_plab_samples;
      for (uint i = 0; i < ParallelGCThreads; i++) {
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        HeapWord** vec = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(HeapWord*, max_plab_samples, mtGC);
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        if (vec == NULL) {
          warning("Failed to allocate survivor plab array");
          for (int j = i; j > 0; j--) {
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            FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(HeapWord*, _survivor_plab_array[j-1].array(), mtGC);
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          }
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          FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ChunkArray, _survivor_plab_array, mtGC);
          FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(HeapWord*, _survivor_chunk_array, mtGC);
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          _survivor_plab_array = NULL;
          _survivor_chunk_array = NULL;
          _survivor_chunk_capacity = 0;
          break;
        } else {
          ChunkArray* cur =
            ::new (&_survivor_plab_array[i]) ChunkArray(vec,
                                                        max_plab_samples);
          assert(cur->end() == 0, "Should be 0");
          assert(cur->array() == vec, "Should be vec");
          assert(cur->capacity() == max_plab_samples, "Error");
        }
      }
    }
  }
  assert(   (   _survivor_plab_array  != NULL
             && _survivor_chunk_array != NULL)
         || (   _survivor_chunk_capacity == 0
             && _survivor_chunk_index == 0),
         "Error");

  // Choose what strong roots should be scanned depending on verification options
  if (!CMSClassUnloadingEnabled) {
    // If class unloading is disabled we want to include all classes into the root set.
    add_root_scanning_option(SharedHeap::SO_AllClasses);
  } else {
    add_root_scanning_option(SharedHeap::SO_SystemClasses);
  }

  NOT_PRODUCT(_overflow_counter = CMSMarkStackOverflowInterval;)
  _gc_counters = new CollectorCounters("CMS", 1);
  _completed_initialization = true;
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  _inter_sweep_timer.start();  // start of time
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}

const char* ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::name() const {
  return "concurrent mark-sweep generation";
}
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::update_counters() {
  if (UsePerfData) {
    _space_counters->update_all();
    _gen_counters->update_all();
  }
}

// this is an optimized version of update_counters(). it takes the
// used value as a parameter rather than computing it.
//
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::update_counters(size_t used) {
  if (UsePerfData) {
    _space_counters->update_used(used);
    _space_counters->update_capacity();
    _gen_counters->update_all();
  }
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::print() const {
  Generation::print();
  cmsSpace()->print();
}

#ifndef PRODUCT
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::print_statistics() {
  cmsSpace()->printFLCensus(0);
}
#endif

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::printOccupancy(const char *s) {
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  if (PrintGCDetails) {
    if (Verbose) {
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      gclog_or_tty->print("[%d %s-%s: "SIZE_FORMAT"("SIZE_FORMAT")]",
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        level(), short_name(), s, used(), capacity());
    } else {
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      gclog_or_tty->print("[%d %s-%s: "SIZE_FORMAT"K("SIZE_FORMAT"K)]",
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        level(), short_name(), s, used() / K, capacity() / K);
    }
  }
  if (Verbose) {
    gclog_or_tty->print(" "SIZE_FORMAT"("SIZE_FORMAT")",
              gch->used(), gch->capacity());
  } else {
    gclog_or_tty->print(" "SIZE_FORMAT"K("SIZE_FORMAT"K)",
              gch->used() / K, gch->capacity() / K);
  }
}

size_t
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::contiguous_available() const {
  // dld proposes an improvement in precision here. If the committed
  // part of the space ends in a free block we should add that to
  // uncommitted size in the calculation below. Will make this
  // change later, staying with the approximation below for the
  // time being. -- ysr.
  return MAX2(_virtual_space.uncommitted_size(), unsafe_max_alloc_nogc());
}

size_t
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::unsafe_max_alloc_nogc() const {
  return _cmsSpace->max_alloc_in_words() * HeapWordSize;
}

size_t ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::max_available() const {
  return free() + _virtual_space.uncommitted_size();
}

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bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::promotion_attempt_is_safe(size_t max_promotion_in_bytes) const {
  size_t available = max_available();
  size_t av_promo  = (size_t)gc_stats()->avg_promoted()->padded_average();
  bool   res = (available >= av_promo) || (available >= max_promotion_in_bytes);
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  if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
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    gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
      "CMS: promo attempt is%s safe: available("SIZE_FORMAT") %s av_promo("SIZE_FORMAT"),"
      "max_promo("SIZE_FORMAT")",
      res? "":" not", available, res? ">=":"<",
      av_promo, max_promotion_in_bytes);
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  }
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  return res;
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}

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// At a promotion failure dump information on block layout in heap
// (cms old generation).
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::promotion_failure_occurred() {
  if (CMSDumpAtPromotionFailure) {
    cmsSpace()->dump_at_safepoint_with_locks(collector(), gclog_or_tty);
  }
}

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CompactibleSpace*
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::first_compaction_space() const {
  return _cmsSpace;
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::reset_after_compaction() {
  // Clear the promotion information.  These pointers can be adjusted
  // along with all the other pointers into the heap but
  // compaction is expected to be a rare event with
  // a heap using cms so don't do it without seeing the need.
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  if (CollectedHeap::use_parallel_gc_threads()) {
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    for (uint i = 0; i < ParallelGCThreads; i++) {
      _par_gc_thread_states[i]->promo.reset();
    }
  }
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::space_iterate(SpaceClosure* blk, bool usedOnly) {
  blk->do_space(_cmsSpace);
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::compute_new_size() {
  assert_locked_or_safepoint(Heap_lock);

  // If incremental collection failed, we just want to expand
  // to the limit.
  if (incremental_collection_failed()) {
    clear_incremental_collection_failed();
    grow_to_reserved();
    return;
  }

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  // The heap has been compacted but not reset yet.
  // Any metric such as free() or used() will be incorrect.
923 924 925 926

  CardGeneration::compute_new_size();

  // Reset again after a possible resizing
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  if (did_compact()) {
    cmsSpace()->reset_after_compaction();
  }
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}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::compute_new_size_free_list() {
  assert_locked_or_safepoint(Heap_lock);

  // If incremental collection failed, we just want to expand
  // to the limit.
  if (incremental_collection_failed()) {
    clear_incremental_collection_failed();
    grow_to_reserved();
    return;
  }

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  double free_percentage = ((double) free()) / capacity();
  double desired_free_percentage = (double) MinHeapFreeRatio / 100;
  double maximum_free_percentage = (double) MaxHeapFreeRatio / 100;

  // compute expansion delta needed for reaching desired free percentage
  if (free_percentage < desired_free_percentage) {
    size_t desired_capacity = (size_t)(used() / ((double) 1 - desired_free_percentage));
    assert(desired_capacity >= capacity(), "invalid expansion size");
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    size_t expand_bytes = MAX2(desired_capacity - capacity(), MinHeapDeltaBytes);
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    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      size_t desired_capacity = (size_t)(used() / ((double) 1 - desired_free_percentage));
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("\nFrom compute_new_size: ");
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Free fraction %f", free_percentage);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Desired free fraction %f",
        desired_free_percentage);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Maximum free fraction %f",
        maximum_free_percentage);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Capactiy "SIZE_FORMAT, capacity()/1000);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Desired capacity "SIZE_FORMAT,
        desired_capacity/1000);
      int prev_level = level() - 1;
      if (prev_level >= 0) {
        size_t prev_size = 0;
        GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
        Generation* prev_gen = gch->_gens[prev_level];
        prev_size = prev_gen->capacity();
          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Younger gen size "SIZE_FORMAT,
                                 prev_size/1000);
      }
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  unsafe_max_alloc_nogc "SIZE_FORMAT,
        unsafe_max_alloc_nogc()/1000);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  contiguous available "SIZE_FORMAT,
        contiguous_available()/1000);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Expand by "SIZE_FORMAT" (bytes)",
        expand_bytes);
    }
    // safe if expansion fails
    expand(expand_bytes, 0, CMSExpansionCause::_satisfy_free_ratio);
    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Expanded free fraction %f",
        ((double) free()) / capacity());
    }
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  } else {
    size_t desired_capacity = (size_t)(used() / ((double) 1 - desired_free_percentage));
    assert(desired_capacity <= capacity(), "invalid expansion size");
    size_t shrink_bytes = capacity() - desired_capacity;
    // Don't shrink unless the delta is greater than the minimum shrink we want
    if (shrink_bytes >= MinHeapDeltaBytes) {
      shrink_free_list_by(shrink_bytes);
    }
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  }
}

Mutex* ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::freelistLock() const {
  return cmsSpace()->freelistLock();
}

HeapWord* ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::allocate(size_t size,
                                                  bool   tlab) {
  CMSSynchronousYieldRequest yr;
  MutexLockerEx x(freelistLock(),
                  Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  return have_lock_and_allocate(size, tlab);
}

HeapWord* ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::have_lock_and_allocate(size_t size,
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                                                  bool   tlab /* ignored */) {
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  assert_lock_strong(freelistLock());
  size_t adjustedSize = CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(size);
  HeapWord* res = cmsSpace()->allocate(adjustedSize);
  // Allocate the object live (grey) if the background collector has
  // started marking. This is necessary because the marker may
  // have passed this address and consequently this object will
  // not otherwise be greyed and would be incorrectly swept up.
  // Note that if this object contains references, the writing
  // of those references will dirty the card containing this object
  // allowing the object to be blackened (and its references scanned)
  // either during a preclean phase or at the final checkpoint.
  if (res != NULL) {
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    // We may block here with an uninitialized object with
    // its mark-bit or P-bits not yet set. Such objects need
    // to be safely navigable by block_start().
    assert(oop(res)->klass_or_null() == NULL, "Object should be uninitialized here.");
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    assert(!((FreeChunk*)res)->is_free(), "Error, block will look free but show wrong size");
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    collector()->direct_allocated(res, adjustedSize);
    _direct_allocated_words += adjustedSize;
    // allocation counters
    NOT_PRODUCT(
      _numObjectsAllocated++;
      _numWordsAllocated += (int)adjustedSize;
    )
  }
  return res;
}

// In the case of direct allocation by mutators in a generation that
// is being concurrently collected, the object must be allocated
// live (grey) if the background collector has started marking.
// This is necessary because the marker may
// have passed this address and consequently this object will
// not otherwise be greyed and would be incorrectly swept up.
// Note that if this object contains references, the writing
// of those references will dirty the card containing this object
// allowing the object to be blackened (and its references scanned)
// either during a preclean phase or at the final checkpoint.
void CMSCollector::direct_allocated(HeapWord* start, size_t size) {
  assert(_markBitMap.covers(start, size), "Out of bounds");
  if (_collectorState >= Marking) {
    MutexLockerEx y(_markBitMap.lock(),
                    Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    // [see comments preceding SweepClosure::do_blk() below for details]
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    //
    // Can the P-bits be deleted now?  JJJ
    //
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    // 1. need to mark the object as live so it isn't collected
    // 2. need to mark the 2nd bit to indicate the object may be uninitialized
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    // 3. need to mark the end of the object so marking, precleaning or sweeping
    //    can skip over uninitialized or unparsable objects. An allocated
    //    object is considered uninitialized for our purposes as long as
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    //    its klass word is NULL.  All old gen objects are parsable
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    //    as soon as they are initialized.)
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    _markBitMap.mark(start);          // object is live
    _markBitMap.mark(start + 1);      // object is potentially uninitialized?
    _markBitMap.mark(start + size - 1);
                                      // mark end of object
  }
  // check that oop looks uninitialized
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  assert(oop(start)->klass_or_null() == NULL, "_klass should be NULL");
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}

void CMSCollector::promoted(bool par, HeapWord* start,
                            bool is_obj_array, size_t obj_size) {
  assert(_markBitMap.covers(start), "Out of bounds");
  // See comment in direct_allocated() about when objects should
  // be allocated live.
  if (_collectorState >= Marking) {
    // we already hold the marking bit map lock, taken in
    // the prologue
    if (par) {
      _markBitMap.par_mark(start);
    } else {
      _markBitMap.mark(start);
    }
    // We don't need to mark the object as uninitialized (as
    // in direct_allocated above) because this is being done with the
    // world stopped and the object will be initialized by the
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    // time the marking, precleaning or sweeping get to look at it.
    // But see the code for copying objects into the CMS generation,
    // where we need to ensure that concurrent readers of the
    // block offset table are able to safely navigate a block that
    // is in flux from being free to being allocated (and in
    // transition while being copied into) and subsequently
    // becoming a bona-fide object when the copy/promotion is complete.
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    assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
           "expect promotion only at safepoints");

    if (_collectorState < Sweeping) {
      // Mark the appropriate cards in the modUnionTable, so that
      // this object gets scanned before the sweep. If this is
      // not done, CMS generation references in the object might
      // not get marked.
      // For the case of arrays, which are otherwise precisely
      // marked, we need to dirty the entire array, not just its head.
      if (is_obj_array) {
        // The [par_]mark_range() method expects mr.end() below to
        // be aligned to the granularity of a bit's representation
        // in the heap. In the case of the MUT below, that's a
        // card size.
        MemRegion mr(start,
                     (HeapWord*)round_to((intptr_t)(start + obj_size),
                        CardTableModRefBS::card_size /* bytes */));
        if (par) {
          _modUnionTable.par_mark_range(mr);
        } else {
          _modUnionTable.mark_range(mr);
        }
      } else {  // not an obj array; we can just mark the head
        if (par) {
          _modUnionTable.par_mark(start);
        } else {
          _modUnionTable.mark(start);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

static inline size_t percent_of_space(Space* space, HeapWord* addr)
{
  size_t delta = pointer_delta(addr, space->bottom());
  return (size_t)(delta * 100.0 / (space->capacity() / HeapWordSize));
}

void CMSCollector::icms_update_allocation_limits()
{
  Generation* gen0 = GenCollectedHeap::heap()->get_gen(0);
  EdenSpace* eden = gen0->as_DefNewGeneration()->eden();

  const unsigned int duty_cycle = stats().icms_update_duty_cycle();
  if (CMSTraceIncrementalPacing) {
    stats().print();
  }

  assert(duty_cycle <= 100, "invalid duty cycle");
  if (duty_cycle != 0) {
    // The duty_cycle is a percentage between 0 and 100; convert to words and
    // then compute the offset from the endpoints of the space.
    size_t free_words = eden->free() / HeapWordSize;
    double free_words_dbl = (double)free_words;
    size_t duty_cycle_words = (size_t)(free_words_dbl * duty_cycle / 100.0);
    size_t offset_words = (free_words - duty_cycle_words) / 2;

    _icms_start_limit = eden->top() + offset_words;
    _icms_stop_limit = eden->end() - offset_words;

    // The limits may be adjusted (shifted to the right) by
    // CMSIncrementalOffset, to allow the application more mutator time after a
    // young gen gc (when all mutators were stopped) and before CMS starts and
    // takes away one or more cpus.
    if (CMSIncrementalOffset != 0) {
      double adjustment_dbl = free_words_dbl * CMSIncrementalOffset / 100.0;
      size_t adjustment = (size_t)adjustment_dbl;
      HeapWord* tmp_stop = _icms_stop_limit + adjustment;
      if (tmp_stop > _icms_stop_limit && tmp_stop < eden->end()) {
        _icms_start_limit += adjustment;
        _icms_stop_limit = tmp_stop;
      }
    }
  }
  if (duty_cycle == 0 || (_icms_start_limit == _icms_stop_limit)) {
    _icms_start_limit = _icms_stop_limit = eden->end();
  }

  // Install the new start limit.
  eden->set_soft_end(_icms_start_limit);

  if (CMSTraceIncrementalMode) {
    gclog_or_tty->print(" icms alloc limits:  "
                           PTR_FORMAT "," PTR_FORMAT
                           " (" SIZE_FORMAT "%%," SIZE_FORMAT "%%) ",
                           _icms_start_limit, _icms_stop_limit,
                           percent_of_space(eden, _icms_start_limit),
                           percent_of_space(eden, _icms_stop_limit));
    if (Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print("eden:  ");
      eden->print_on(gclog_or_tty);
    }
  }
}

// Any changes here should try to maintain the invariant
// that if this method is called with _icms_start_limit
// and _icms_stop_limit both NULL, then it should return NULL
// and not notify the icms thread.
HeapWord*
CMSCollector::allocation_limit_reached(Space* space, HeapWord* top,
                                       size_t word_size)
{
  // A start_limit equal to end() means the duty cycle is 0, so treat that as a
  // nop.
  if (CMSIncrementalMode && _icms_start_limit != space->end()) {
    if (top <= _icms_start_limit) {
      if (CMSTraceIncrementalMode) {
        space->print_on(gclog_or_tty);
        gclog_or_tty->stamp();
        gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" start limit top=" PTR_FORMAT
                               ", new limit=" PTR_FORMAT
                               " (" SIZE_FORMAT "%%)",
                               top, _icms_stop_limit,
                               percent_of_space(space, _icms_stop_limit));
      }
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::start_icms();
      assert(top < _icms_stop_limit, "Tautology");
      if (word_size < pointer_delta(_icms_stop_limit, top)) {
        return _icms_stop_limit;
      }

      // The allocation will cross both the _start and _stop limits, so do the
      // stop notification also and return end().
      if (CMSTraceIncrementalMode) {
        space->print_on(gclog_or_tty);
        gclog_or_tty->stamp();
        gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" +stop limit top=" PTR_FORMAT
                               ", new limit=" PTR_FORMAT
                               " (" SIZE_FORMAT "%%)",
                               top, space->end(),
                               percent_of_space(space, space->end()));
      }
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::stop_icms();
      return space->end();
    }

    if (top <= _icms_stop_limit) {
      if (CMSTraceIncrementalMode) {
        space->print_on(gclog_or_tty);
        gclog_or_tty->stamp();
        gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" stop limit top=" PTR_FORMAT
                               ", new limit=" PTR_FORMAT
                               " (" SIZE_FORMAT "%%)",
                               top, space->end(),
                               percent_of_space(space, space->end()));
      }
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::stop_icms();
      return space->end();
    }

    if (CMSTraceIncrementalMode) {
      space->print_on(gclog_or_tty);
      gclog_or_tty->stamp();
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" end limit top=" PTR_FORMAT
                             ", new limit=" PTR_FORMAT,
                             top, NULL);
    }
  }

  return NULL;
}

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oop ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::promote(oop obj, size_t obj_size) {
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  assert(obj_size == (size_t)obj->size(), "bad obj_size passed in");
  // allocate, copy and if necessary update promoinfo --
  // delegate to underlying space.
  assert_lock_strong(freelistLock());

#ifndef PRODUCT
  if (Universe::heap()->promotion_should_fail()) {
    return NULL;
  }
#endif  // #ifndef PRODUCT

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  oop res = _cmsSpace->promote(obj, obj_size);
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  if (res == NULL) {
    // expand and retry
    size_t s = _cmsSpace->expansionSpaceRequired(obj_size);  // HeapWords
    expand(s*HeapWordSize, MinHeapDeltaBytes,
      CMSExpansionCause::_satisfy_promotion);
    // Since there's currently no next generation, we don't try to promote
    // into a more senior generation.
    assert(next_gen() == NULL, "assumption, based upon which no attempt "
                               "is made to pass on a possibly failing "
                               "promotion to next generation");
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    res = _cmsSpace->promote(obj, obj_size);
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  }
  if (res != NULL) {
    // See comment in allocate() about when objects should
    // be allocated live.
    assert(obj->is_oop(), "Will dereference klass pointer below");
    collector()->promoted(false,           // Not parallel
                          (HeapWord*)res, obj->is_objArray(), obj_size);
    // promotion counters
    NOT_PRODUCT(
      _numObjectsPromoted++;
      _numWordsPromoted +=
        (int)(CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(obj->size()));
    )
  }
  return res;
}


HeapWord*
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::allocation_limit_reached(Space* space,
                                             HeapWord* top,
                                             size_t word_sz)
{
  return collector()->allocation_limit_reached(space, top, word_sz);
}

1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321
// IMPORTANT: Notes on object size recognition in CMS.
// ---------------------------------------------------
// A block of storage in the CMS generation is always in
// one of three states. A free block (FREE), an allocated
// object (OBJECT) whose size() method reports the correct size,
// and an intermediate state (TRANSIENT) in which its size cannot
// be accurately determined.
// STATE IDENTIFICATION:   (32 bit and 64 bit w/o COOPS)
// -----------------------------------------------------
// FREE:      klass_word & 1 == 1; mark_word holds block size
//
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// OBJECT:    klass_word installed; klass_word != 0 && klass_word & 1 == 0;
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//            obj->size() computes correct size
//
// TRANSIENT: klass_word == 0; size is indeterminate until we become an OBJECT
//
// STATE IDENTIFICATION: (64 bit+COOPS)
// ------------------------------------
// FREE:      mark_word & CMS_FREE_BIT == 1; mark_word & ~CMS_FREE_BIT gives block_size
//
// OBJECT:    klass_word installed; klass_word != 0;
//            obj->size() computes correct size
//
// TRANSIENT: klass_word == 0; size is indeterminate until we become an OBJECT
//
//
// STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM
//
//        mut / parnew                     mut  /  parnew
// FREE --------------------> TRANSIENT ---------------------> OBJECT --|
//  ^                                                                   |
//  |------------------------ DEAD <------------------------------------|
//         sweep                            mut
//
// While a block is in TRANSIENT state its size cannot be determined
// so readers will either need to come back later or stall until
// the size can be determined. Note that for the case of direct
// allocation, P-bits, when available, may be used to determine the
// size of an object that may not yet have been initialized.

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// Things to support parallel young-gen collection.
oop
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::par_promote(int thread_num,
                                           oop old, markOop m,
                                           size_t word_sz) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
  if (Universe::heap()->promotion_should_fail()) {
    return NULL;
  }
#endif  // #ifndef PRODUCT

  CMSParGCThreadState* ps = _par_gc_thread_states[thread_num];
  PromotionInfo* promoInfo = &ps->promo;
  // if we are tracking promotions, then first ensure space for
  // promotion (including spooling space for saving header if necessary).
  // then allocate and copy, then track promoted info if needed.
  // When tracking (see PromotionInfo::track()), the mark word may
  // be displaced and in this case restoration of the mark word
  // occurs in the (oop_since_save_marks_)iterate phase.
  if (promoInfo->tracking() && !promoInfo->ensure_spooling_space()) {
    // Out of space for allocating spooling buffers;
    // try expanding and allocating spooling buffers.
    if (!expand_and_ensure_spooling_space(promoInfo)) {
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  assert(promoInfo->has_spooling_space(), "Control point invariant");
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  const size_t alloc_sz = CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(word_sz);
  HeapWord* obj_ptr = ps->lab.alloc(alloc_sz);
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  if (obj_ptr == NULL) {
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     obj_ptr = expand_and_par_lab_allocate(ps, alloc_sz);
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     if (obj_ptr == NULL) {
       return NULL;
     }
  }
  oop obj = oop(obj_ptr);
1387
  OrderAccess::storestore();
1388
  assert(obj->klass_or_null() == NULL, "Object should be uninitialized here.");
1389
  assert(!((FreeChunk*)obj_ptr)->is_free(), "Error, block will look free but show wrong size");
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  // IMPORTANT: See note on object initialization for CMS above.
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  // Otherwise, copy the object.  Here we must be careful to insert the
  // klass pointer last, since this marks the block as an allocated object.
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  // Except with compressed oops it's the mark word.
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  HeapWord* old_ptr = (HeapWord*)old;
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  // Restore the mark word copied above.
  obj->set_mark(m);
  assert(obj->klass_or_null() == NULL, "Object should be uninitialized here.");
1398
  assert(!((FreeChunk*)obj_ptr)->is_free(), "Error, block will look free but show wrong size");
1399 1400
  OrderAccess::storestore();

1401
  if (UseCompressedKlassPointers) {
1402 1403 1404
    // Copy gap missed by (aligned) header size calculation below
    obj->set_klass_gap(old->klass_gap());
  }
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  if (word_sz > (size_t)oopDesc::header_size()) {
    Copy::aligned_disjoint_words(old_ptr + oopDesc::header_size(),
                                 obj_ptr + oopDesc::header_size(),
                                 word_sz - oopDesc::header_size());
  }
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  // Now we can track the promoted object, if necessary.  We take care
1412
  // to delay the transition from uninitialized to full object
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  // (i.e., insertion of klass pointer) until after, so that it
  // atomically becomes a promoted object.
  if (promoInfo->tracking()) {
    promoInfo->track((PromotedObject*)obj, old->klass());
  }
1418
  assert(obj->klass_or_null() == NULL, "Object should be uninitialized here.");
1419
  assert(!((FreeChunk*)obj_ptr)->is_free(), "Error, block will look free but show wrong size");
1420
  assert(old->is_oop(), "Will use and dereference old klass ptr below");
1421 1422

  // Finally, install the klass pointer (this should be volatile).
1423
  OrderAccess::storestore();
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  obj->set_klass(old->klass());
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  // We should now be able to calculate the right size for this object
  assert(obj->is_oop() && obj->size() == (int)word_sz, "Error, incorrect size computed for promoted object");
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  collector()->promoted(true,          // parallel
                        obj_ptr, old->is_objArray(), word_sz);

  NOT_PRODUCT(
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    Atomic::inc_ptr(&_numObjectsPromoted);
    Atomic::add_ptr(alloc_sz, &_numWordsPromoted);
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  )

  return obj;
}

void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::
par_promote_alloc_undo(int thread_num,
                       HeapWord* obj, size_t word_sz) {
  // CMS does not support promotion undo.
  ShouldNotReachHere();
}

void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::
par_promote_alloc_done(int thread_num) {
  CMSParGCThreadState* ps = _par_gc_thread_states[thread_num];
1451
  ps->lab.retire(thread_num);
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}

void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::
par_oop_since_save_marks_iterate_done(int thread_num) {
  CMSParGCThreadState* ps = _par_gc_thread_states[thread_num];
  ParScanWithoutBarrierClosure* dummy_cl = NULL;
  ps->promo.promoted_oops_iterate_nv(dummy_cl);
}

bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::should_collect(bool   full,
                                                   size_t size,
                                                   bool   tlab)
{
  // We allow a STW collection only if a full
  // collection was requested.
  return full || should_allocate(size, tlab); // FIX ME !!!
  // This and promotion failure handling are connected at the
  // hip and should be fixed by untying them.
}

bool CMSCollector::shouldConcurrentCollect() {
  if (_full_gc_requested) {
    if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMSCollector: collect because of explicit "
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                             " gc request (or gc_locker)");
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    }
    return true;
  }

  // For debugging purposes, change the type of collection.
  // If the rotation is not on the concurrent collection
  // type, don't start a concurrent collection.
  NOT_PRODUCT(
    if (RotateCMSCollectionTypes &&
        (_cmsGen->debug_collection_type() !=
          ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::Concurrent_collection_type)) {
      assert(_cmsGen->debug_collection_type() !=
        ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::Unknown_collection_type,
        "Bad cms collection type");
      return false;
    }
  )

  FreelistLocker x(this);
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Print out lots of information which affects the initiation of
  // a collection.
  if (PrintCMSInitiationStatistics && stats().valid()) {
    gclog_or_tty->print("CMSCollector shouldConcurrentCollect: ");
    gclog_or_tty->stamp();
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("");
    stats().print_on(gclog_or_tty);
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("time_until_cms_gen_full %3.7f",
      stats().time_until_cms_gen_full());
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("free="SIZE_FORMAT, _cmsGen->free());
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("contiguous_available="SIZE_FORMAT,
                           _cmsGen->contiguous_available());
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("promotion_rate=%g", stats().promotion_rate());
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("cms_allocation_rate=%g", stats().cms_allocation_rate());
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("occupancy=%3.7f", _cmsGen->occupancy());
1513
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("initiatingOccupancy=%3.7f", _cmsGen->initiating_occupancy());
1514 1515
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("metadata initialized %d",
      MetaspaceGC::should_concurrent_collect());
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  }
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------

  // If the estimated time to complete a cms collection (cms_duration())
  // is less than the estimated time remaining until the cms generation
  // is full, start a collection.
  if (!UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly) {
    if (stats().valid()) {
      if (stats().time_until_cms_start() == 0.0) {
        return true;
      }
    } else {
      // We want to conservatively collect somewhat early in order
      // to try and "bootstrap" our CMS/promotion statistics;
      // this branch will not fire after the first successful CMS
      // collection because the stats should then be valid.
      if (_cmsGen->occupancy() >= _bootstrap_occupancy) {
        if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
          gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
            " CMSCollector: collect for bootstrapping statistics:"
            " occupancy = %f, boot occupancy = %f", _cmsGen->occupancy(),
            _bootstrap_occupancy);
        }
        return true;
      }
    }
  }

1544
  // Otherwise, we start a collection cycle if
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  // old gen want a collection cycle started. Each may use
  // an appropriate criterion for making this decision.
  // XXX We need to make sure that the gen expansion
1548 1549
  // criterion dovetails well with this. XXX NEED TO FIX THIS
  if (_cmsGen->should_concurrent_collect()) {
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    if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS old gen initiated");
    }
    return true;
  }

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  // We start a collection if we believe an incremental collection may fail;
  // this is not likely to be productive in practice because it's probably too
  // late anyway.
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  assert(gch->collector_policy()->is_two_generation_policy(),
         "You may want to check the correctness of the following");
1562 1563
  if (gch->incremental_collection_will_fail(true /* consult_young */)) {
    if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
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      gclog_or_tty->print("CMSCollector: collect because incremental collection will fail ");
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    }
    return true;
  }

1569
  if (MetaspaceGC::should_concurrent_collect()) {
1570
      if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
1571
      gclog_or_tty->print("CMSCollector: collect for metadata allocation ");
1572 1573 1574
      }
      return true;
    }
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  return false;
}

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void CMSCollector::set_did_compact(bool v) { _cmsGen->set_did_compact(v); }

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// Clear _expansion_cause fields of constituent generations
void CMSCollector::clear_expansion_cause() {
  _cmsGen->clear_expansion_cause();
}

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// We should be conservative in starting a collection cycle.  To
// start too eagerly runs the risk of collecting too often in the
// extreme.  To collect too rarely falls back on full collections,
// which works, even if not optimum in terms of concurrent work.
// As a work around for too eagerly collecting, use the flag
// UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly.  This also has the advantage of
// giving the user an easily understandable way of controlling the
// collections.
// We want to start a new collection cycle if any of the following
// conditions hold:
// . our current occupancy exceeds the configured initiating occupancy
//   for this generation, or
// . we recently needed to expand this space and have not, since that
//   expansion, done a collection of this generation, or
// . the underlying space believes that it may be a good idea to initiate
//   a concurrent collection (this may be based on criteria such as the
//   following: the space uses linear allocation and linear allocation is
//   going to fail, or there is believed to be excessive fragmentation in
//   the generation, etc... or ...
// [.(currently done by CMSCollector::shouldConcurrentCollect() only for
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//   the case of the old generation; see CR 6543076):
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//   we may be approaching a point at which allocation requests may fail because
//   we will be out of sufficient free space given allocation rate estimates.]
bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::should_concurrent_collect() const {
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  assert_lock_strong(freelistLock());
  if (occupancy() > initiating_occupancy()) {
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    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print(" %s: collect because of occupancy %f / %f  ",
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        short_name(), occupancy(), initiating_occupancy());
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    }
    return true;
  }
  if (UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly) {
    return false;
  }
  if (expansion_cause() == CMSExpansionCause::_satisfy_allocation) {
    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print(" %s: collect because expanded for allocation ",
        short_name());
    }
    return true;
  }
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  if (_cmsSpace->should_concurrent_collect()) {
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    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
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      gclog_or_tty->print(" %s: collect because cmsSpace says so ",
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        short_name());
    }
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::collect(bool   full,
                                            bool   clear_all_soft_refs,
                                            size_t size,
                                            bool   tlab)
{
  collector()->collect(full, clear_all_soft_refs, size, tlab);
}

void CMSCollector::collect(bool   full,
                           bool   clear_all_soft_refs,
                           size_t size,
                           bool   tlab)
{
  if (!UseCMSCollectionPassing && _collectorState > Idling) {
    // For debugging purposes skip the collection if the state
    // is not currently idle
    if (TraceCMSState) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " skipped full:%d CMS state %d",
        Thread::current(), full, _collectorState);
    }
    return;
  }

  // The following "if" branch is present for defensive reasons.
  // In the current uses of this interface, it can be replaced with:
  // assert(!GC_locker.is_active(), "Can't be called otherwise");
  // But I am not placing that assert here to allow future
  // generality in invoking this interface.
  if (GC_locker::is_active()) {
    // A consistency test for GC_locker
    assert(GC_locker::needs_gc(), "Should have been set already");
    // Skip this foreground collection, instead
    // expanding the heap if necessary.
    // Need the free list locks for the call to free() in compute_new_size()
    compute_new_size();
    return;
  }
  acquire_control_and_collect(full, clear_all_soft_refs);
  _full_gcs_since_conc_gc++;
}

void CMSCollector::request_full_gc(unsigned int full_gc_count) {
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  unsigned int gc_count = gch->total_full_collections();
  if (gc_count == full_gc_count) {
    MutexLockerEx y(CGC_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    _full_gc_requested = true;
    CGC_lock->notify();   // nudge CMS thread
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  } else {
    assert(gc_count > full_gc_count, "Error: causal loop");
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  }
}


// The foreground and background collectors need to coordinate in order
// to make sure that they do not mutually interfere with CMS collections.
// When a background collection is active,
// the foreground collector may need to take over (preempt) and
// synchronously complete an ongoing collection. Depending on the
// frequency of the background collections and the heap usage
// of the application, this preemption can be seldom or frequent.
// There are only certain
// points in the background collection that the "collection-baton"
// can be passed to the foreground collector.
//
// The foreground collector will wait for the baton before
// starting any part of the collection.  The foreground collector
// will only wait at one location.
//
// The background collector will yield the baton before starting a new
// phase of the collection (e.g., before initial marking, marking from roots,
// precleaning, final re-mark, sweep etc.)  This is normally done at the head
// of the loop which switches the phases. The background collector does some
// of the phases (initial mark, final re-mark) with the world stopped.
// Because of locking involved in stopping the world,
// the foreground collector should not block waiting for the background
// collector when it is doing a stop-the-world phase.  The background
// collector will yield the baton at an additional point just before
// it enters a stop-the-world phase.  Once the world is stopped, the
// background collector checks the phase of the collection.  If the
// phase has not changed, it proceeds with the collection.  If the
// phase has changed, it skips that phase of the collection.  See
// the comments on the use of the Heap_lock in collect_in_background().
//
// Variable used in baton passing.
//   _foregroundGCIsActive - Set to true by the foreground collector when
//      it wants the baton.  The foreground clears it when it has finished
//      the collection.
//   _foregroundGCShouldWait - Set to true by the background collector
//        when it is running.  The foreground collector waits while
//      _foregroundGCShouldWait is true.
//  CGC_lock - monitor used to protect access to the above variables
//      and to notify the foreground and background collectors.
//  _collectorState - current state of the CMS collection.
//
// The foreground collector
//   acquires the CGC_lock
//   sets _foregroundGCIsActive
//   waits on the CGC_lock for _foregroundGCShouldWait to be false
//     various locks acquired in preparation for the collection
//     are released so as not to block the background collector
//     that is in the midst of a collection
//   proceeds with the collection
//   clears _foregroundGCIsActive
//   returns
//
// The background collector in a loop iterating on the phases of the
//      collection
//   acquires the CGC_lock
//   sets _foregroundGCShouldWait
//   if _foregroundGCIsActive is set
//     clears _foregroundGCShouldWait, notifies _CGC_lock
//     waits on _CGC_lock for _foregroundGCIsActive to become false
//     and exits the loop.
//   otherwise
//     proceed with that phase of the collection
//     if the phase is a stop-the-world phase,
//       yield the baton once more just before enqueueing
//       the stop-world CMS operation (executed by the VM thread).
//   returns after all phases of the collection are done
//

void CMSCollector::acquire_control_and_collect(bool full,
        bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "should be at safepoint");
  assert(!Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread(),
         "shouldn't try to acquire control from self!");

  // Start the protocol for acquiring control of the
  // collection from the background collector (aka CMS thread).
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::vm_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "VM thread should have CMS token");
  // Remember the possibly interrupted state of an ongoing
  // concurrent collection
  CollectorState first_state = _collectorState;

  // Signal to a possibly ongoing concurrent collection that
  // we want to do a foreground collection.
  _foregroundGCIsActive = true;

  // Disable incremental mode during a foreground collection.
  ICMSDisabler icms_disabler;

  // release locks and wait for a notify from the background collector
  // releasing the locks in only necessary for phases which
  // do yields to improve the granularity of the collection.
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());
  // We need to lock the Free list lock for the space that we are
  // currently collecting.
  assert(haveFreelistLocks(), "Must be holding free list locks");
  bitMapLock()->unlock();
  releaseFreelistLocks();
  {
    MutexLockerEx x(CGC_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    if (_foregroundGCShouldWait) {
      // We are going to be waiting for action for the CMS thread;
      // it had better not be gone (for instance at shutdown)!
      assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cmst() != NULL,
             "CMS thread must be running");
      // Wait here until the background collector gives us the go-ahead
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::clear_CMS_flag(
        ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::CMS_vm_has_token);  // release token
      // Get a possibly blocked CMS thread going:
      //   Note that we set _foregroundGCIsActive true above,
      //   without protection of the CGC_lock.
      CGC_lock->notify();
      assert(!ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::vm_thread_wants_cms_token(),
             "Possible deadlock");
      while (_foregroundGCShouldWait) {
        // wait for notification
        CGC_lock->wait(Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
        // Possibility of delay/starvation here, since CMS token does
        // not know to give priority to VM thread? Actually, i think
        // there wouldn't be any delay/starvation, but the proof of
        // that "fact" (?) appears non-trivial. XXX 20011219YSR
      }
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::set_CMS_flag(
        ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::CMS_vm_has_token);
    }
  }
  // The CMS_token is already held.  Get back the other locks.
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::vm_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "VM thread should have CMS token");
  getFreelistLocks();
  bitMapLock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  if (TraceCMSState) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS foreground collector has asked for control "
      INTPTR_FORMAT " with first state %d", Thread::current(), first_state);
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("    gets control with state %d", _collectorState);
  }

  // Check if we need to do a compaction, or if not, whether
  // we need to start the mark-sweep from scratch.
  bool should_compact    = false;
  bool should_start_over = false;
  decide_foreground_collection_type(clear_all_soft_refs,
    &should_compact, &should_start_over);

NOT_PRODUCT(
  if (RotateCMSCollectionTypes) {
    if (_cmsGen->debug_collection_type() ==
        ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::MSC_foreground_collection_type) {
      should_compact = true;
    } else if (_cmsGen->debug_collection_type() ==
               ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::MS_foreground_collection_type) {
      should_compact = false;
    }
  }
)

  if (PrintGCDetails && first_state > Idling) {
    GCCause::Cause cause = GenCollectedHeap::heap()->gc_cause();
    if (GCCause::is_user_requested_gc(cause) ||
        GCCause::is_serviceability_requested_gc(cause)) {
      gclog_or_tty->print(" (concurrent mode interrupted)");
    } else {
      gclog_or_tty->print(" (concurrent mode failure)");
    }
  }

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  set_did_compact(should_compact);
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  if (should_compact) {
    // If the collection is being acquired from the background
    // collector, there may be references on the discovered
    // references lists that have NULL referents (being those
    // that were concurrently cleared by a mutator) or
    // that are no longer active (having been enqueued concurrently
    // by the mutator).
    // Scrub the list of those references because Mark-Sweep-Compact
    // code assumes referents are not NULL and that all discovered
    // Reference objects are active.
    ref_processor()->clean_up_discovered_references();

    do_compaction_work(clear_all_soft_refs);

    // Has the GC time limit been exceeded?
1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887
    DefNewGeneration* young_gen = _young_gen->as_DefNewGeneration();
    size_t max_eden_size = young_gen->max_capacity() -
                           young_gen->to()->capacity() -
                           young_gen->from()->capacity();
    GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
    GCCause::Cause gc_cause = gch->gc_cause();
    size_policy()->check_gc_overhead_limit(_young_gen->used(),
                                           young_gen->eden()->used(),
                                           _cmsGen->max_capacity(),
                                           max_eden_size,
                                           full,
                                           gc_cause,
                                           gch->collector_policy());
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  } else {
    do_mark_sweep_work(clear_all_soft_refs, first_state,
      should_start_over);
  }
  // Reset the expansion cause, now that we just completed
  // a collection cycle.
  clear_expansion_cause();
  _foregroundGCIsActive = false;
  return;
}

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// Resize the tenured generation
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// after obtaining the free list locks for the
// two generations.
void CMSCollector::compute_new_size() {
  assert_locked_or_safepoint(Heap_lock);
  FreelistLocker z(this);
1905
  MetaspaceGC::compute_new_size();
1906
  _cmsGen->compute_new_size_free_list();
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}

// A work method used by foreground collection to determine
// what type of collection (compacting or not, continuing or fresh)
// it should do.
// NOTE: the intent is to make UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection
// and CMSCompactWhenClearAllSoftRefs the default in the future
// and do away with the flags after a suitable period.
void CMSCollector::decide_foreground_collection_type(
  bool clear_all_soft_refs, bool* should_compact,
  bool* should_start_over) {
  // Normally, we'll compact only if the UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection
  // flag is set, and we have either requested a System.gc() or
  // the number of full gc's since the last concurrent cycle
  // has exceeded the threshold set by CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction,
  // or if an incremental collection has failed
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  assert(gch->collector_policy()->is_two_generation_policy(),
         "You may want to check the correctness of the following");
  // Inform cms gen if this was due to partial collection failing.
  // The CMS gen may use this fact to determine its expansion policy.
1928
  if (gch->incremental_collection_will_fail(false /* don't consult_young */)) {
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    assert(!_cmsGen->incremental_collection_failed(),
           "Should have been noticed, reacted to and cleared");
    _cmsGen->set_incremental_collection_failed();
  }
  *should_compact =
    UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection &&
    ((_full_gcs_since_conc_gc >= CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction) ||
     GCCause::is_user_requested_gc(gch->gc_cause()) ||
1937
     gch->incremental_collection_will_fail(true /* consult_young */));
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  *should_start_over = false;
  if (clear_all_soft_refs && !*should_compact) {
    // We are about to do a last ditch collection attempt
    // so it would normally make sense to do a compaction
    // to reclaim as much space as possible.
    if (CMSCompactWhenClearAllSoftRefs) {
      // Default: The rationale is that in this case either
      // we are past the final marking phase, in which case
      // we'd have to start over, or so little has been done
      // that there's little point in saving that work. Compaction
      // appears to be the sensible choice in either case.
      *should_compact = true;
    } else {
      // We have been asked to clear all soft refs, but not to
      // compact. Make sure that we aren't past the final checkpoint
      // phase, for that is where we process soft refs. If we are already
      // past that phase, we'll need to redo the refs discovery phase and
      // if necessary clear soft refs that weren't previously
      // cleared. We do so by remembering the phase in which
      // we came in, and if we are past the refs processing
      // phase, we'll choose to just redo the mark-sweep
      // collection from scratch.
      if (_collectorState > FinalMarking) {
        // We are past the refs processing phase;
        // start over and do a fresh synchronous CMS cycle
        _collectorState = Resetting; // skip to reset to start new cycle
        reset(false /* == !asynch */);
        *should_start_over = true;
      } // else we can continue a possibly ongoing current cycle
    }
  }
}

// A work method used by the foreground collector to do
// a mark-sweep-compact.
void CMSCollector::do_compaction_work(bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  TraceTime t("CMS:MSC ", PrintGCDetails && Verbose, true, gclog_or_tty);
  if (PrintGC && Verbose && !(GCCause::is_user_requested_gc(gch->gc_cause()))) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Compact ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration after %d "
      "collections passed to foreground collector", _full_gcs_since_conc_gc);
  }

  // Sample collection interval time and reset for collection pause.
  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
    size_policy()->msc_collection_begin();
  }

  // Temporarily widen the span of the weak reference processing to
  // the entire heap.
  MemRegion new_span(GenCollectedHeap::heap()->reserved_region());
1989
  ReferenceProcessorSpanMutator rp_mut_span(ref_processor(), new_span);
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  // Temporarily, clear the "is_alive_non_header" field of the
  // reference processor.
1992
  ReferenceProcessorIsAliveMutator rp_mut_closure(ref_processor(), NULL);
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  // Temporarily make reference _processing_ single threaded (non-MT).
1994
  ReferenceProcessorMTProcMutator rp_mut_mt_processing(ref_processor(), false);
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  // Temporarily make refs discovery atomic
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  ReferenceProcessorAtomicMutator rp_mut_atomic(ref_processor(), true);
  // Temporarily make reference _discovery_ single threaded (non-MT)
  ReferenceProcessorMTDiscoveryMutator rp_mut_discovery(ref_processor(), false);
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  ref_processor()->set_enqueuing_is_done(false);
2001
  ref_processor()->enable_discovery(false /*verify_disabled*/, false /*check_no_refs*/);
2002
  ref_processor()->setup_policy(clear_all_soft_refs);
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  // If an asynchronous collection finishes, the _modUnionTable is
  // all clear.  If we are assuming the collection from an asynchronous
  // collection, clear the _modUnionTable.
  assert(_collectorState != Idling || _modUnionTable.isAllClear(),
    "_modUnionTable should be clear if the baton was not passed");
  _modUnionTable.clear_all();
2009 2010 2011
  assert(_collectorState != Idling || _ct->klass_rem_set()->mod_union_is_clear(),
    "mod union for klasses should be clear if the baton was passed");
  _ct->klass_rem_set()->clear_mod_union();
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  // We must adjust the allocation statistics being maintained
  // in the free list space. We do so by reading and clearing
  // the sweep timer and updating the block flux rate estimates below.
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
  assert(!_intra_sweep_timer.is_active(), "_intra_sweep_timer should be inactive");
  if (_inter_sweep_timer.is_active()) {
    _inter_sweep_timer.stop();
    // Note that we do not use this sample to update the _inter_sweep_estimate.
    _cmsGen->cmsSpace()->beginSweepFLCensus((float)(_inter_sweep_timer.seconds()),
                                            _inter_sweep_estimate.padded_average(),
                                            _intra_sweep_estimate.padded_average());
  }
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  GenMarkSweep::invoke_at_safepoint(_cmsGen->level(),
    ref_processor(), clear_all_soft_refs);
  #ifdef ASSERT
    CompactibleFreeListSpace* cms_space = _cmsGen->cmsSpace();
    size_t free_size = cms_space->free();
    assert(free_size ==
           pointer_delta(cms_space->end(), cms_space->compaction_top())
           * HeapWordSize,
      "All the free space should be compacted into one chunk at top");
2034
    assert(cms_space->dictionary()->total_chunk_size(
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                                      debug_only(cms_space->freelistLock())) == 0 ||
           cms_space->totalSizeInIndexedFreeLists() == 0,
      "All the free space should be in a single chunk");
    size_t num = cms_space->totalCount();
    assert((free_size == 0 && num == 0) ||
           (free_size > 0  && (num == 1 || num == 2)),
         "There should be at most 2 free chunks after compaction");
  #endif // ASSERT
  _collectorState = Resetting;
  assert(_restart_addr == NULL,
         "Should have been NULL'd before baton was passed");
  reset(false /* == !asynch */);
  _cmsGen->reset_after_compaction();
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  _concurrent_cycles_since_last_unload = 0;
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  // Clear any data recorded in the PLAB chunk arrays.
  if (_survivor_plab_array != NULL) {
    reset_survivor_plab_arrays();
  }

  // Adjust the per-size allocation stats for the next epoch.
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  _cmsGen->cmsSpace()->endSweepFLCensus(sweep_count() /* fake */);
  // Restart the "inter sweep timer" for the next epoch.
  _inter_sweep_timer.reset();
  _inter_sweep_timer.start();
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  // Sample collection pause time and reset for collection interval.
  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
    size_policy()->msc_collection_end(gch->gc_cause());
  }

  // For a mark-sweep-compact, compute_new_size() will be called
  // in the heap's do_collection() method.
}

// A work method used by the foreground collector to do
// a mark-sweep, after taking over from a possibly on-going
// concurrent mark-sweep collection.
void CMSCollector::do_mark_sweep_work(bool clear_all_soft_refs,
  CollectorState first_state, bool should_start_over) {
  if (PrintGC && Verbose) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Pass concurrent collection to foreground "
      "collector with count %d",
      _full_gcs_since_conc_gc);
  }
  switch (_collectorState) {
    case Idling:
      if (first_state == Idling || should_start_over) {
        // The background GC was not active, or should
        // restarted from scratch;  start the cycle.
        _collectorState = InitialMarking;
      }
      // If first_state was not Idling, then a background GC
      // was in progress and has now finished.  No need to do it
      // again.  Leave the state as Idling.
      break;
    case Precleaning:
      // In the foreground case don't do the precleaning since
      // it is not done concurrently and there is extra work
      // required.
      _collectorState = FinalMarking;
  }
  collect_in_foreground(clear_all_soft_refs);

  // For a mark-sweep, compute_new_size() will be called
  // in the heap's do_collection() method.
}


void CMSCollector::getFreelistLocks() const {
  // Get locks for all free lists in all generations that this
  // collector is responsible for
  _cmsGen->freelistLock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
}

void CMSCollector::releaseFreelistLocks() const {
  // Release locks for all free lists in all generations that this
  // collector is responsible for
  _cmsGen->freelistLock()->unlock();
}

bool CMSCollector::haveFreelistLocks() const {
  // Check locks for all free lists in all generations that this
  // collector is responsible for
  assert_lock_strong(_cmsGen->freelistLock());
  PRODUCT_ONLY(ShouldNotReachHere());
  return true;
}

// A utility class that is used by the CMS collector to
// temporarily "release" the foreground collector from its
// usual obligation to wait for the background collector to
// complete an ongoing phase before proceeding.
class ReleaseForegroundGC: public StackObj {
 private:
  CMSCollector* _c;
 public:
  ReleaseForegroundGC(CMSCollector* c) : _c(c) {
    assert(_c->_foregroundGCShouldWait, "Else should not need to call");
    MutexLockerEx x(CGC_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    // allow a potentially blocked foreground collector to proceed
    _c->_foregroundGCShouldWait = false;
    if (_c->_foregroundGCIsActive) {
      CGC_lock->notify();
    }
    assert(!ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
           "Possible deadlock");
  }

  ~ReleaseForegroundGC() {
    assert(!_c->_foregroundGCShouldWait, "Usage protocol violation?");
    MutexLockerEx x(CGC_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    _c->_foregroundGCShouldWait = true;
  }
};

// There are separate collect_in_background and collect_in_foreground because of
// the different locking requirements of the background collector and the
// foreground collector.  There was originally an attempt to share
// one "collect" method between the background collector and the foreground
// collector but the if-then-else required made it cleaner to have
// separate methods.
void CMSCollector::collect_in_background(bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
  assert(Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread(),
    "A CMS asynchronous collection is only allowed on a CMS thread.");

  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  {
    bool safepoint_check = Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag;
    MutexLockerEx hl(Heap_lock, safepoint_check);
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    FreelistLocker fll(this);
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    MutexLockerEx x(CGC_lock, safepoint_check);
    if (_foregroundGCIsActive || !UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC) {
      // The foreground collector is active or we're
      // not using asynchronous collections.  Skip this
      // background collection.
      assert(!_foregroundGCShouldWait, "Should be clear");
      return;
    } else {
      assert(_collectorState == Idling, "Should be idling before start.");
      _collectorState = InitialMarking;
      // Reset the expansion cause, now that we are about to begin
      // a new cycle.
      clear_expansion_cause();
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      // Clear the MetaspaceGC flag since a concurrent collection
      // is starting but also clear it after the collection.
      MetaspaceGC::set_should_concurrent_collect(false);
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    }
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    // Decide if we want to enable class unloading as part of the
    // ensuing concurrent GC cycle.
    update_should_unload_classes();
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    _full_gc_requested = false;           // acks all outstanding full gc requests
    // Signal that we are about to start a collection
    gch->increment_total_full_collections();  // ... starting a collection cycle
    _collection_count_start = gch->total_full_collections();
  }

  // Used for PrintGC
  size_t prev_used;
  if (PrintGC && Verbose) {
    prev_used = _cmsGen->used(); // XXXPERM
  }

  // The change of the collection state is normally done at this level;
  // the exceptions are phases that are executed while the world is
  // stopped.  For those phases the change of state is done while the
  // world is stopped.  For baton passing purposes this allows the
  // background collector to finish the phase and change state atomically.
  // The foreground collector cannot wait on a phase that is done
  // while the world is stopped because the foreground collector already
  // has the world stopped and would deadlock.
  while (_collectorState != Idling) {
    if (TraceCMSState) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " in CMS state %d",
        Thread::current(), _collectorState);
    }
    // The foreground collector
    //   holds the Heap_lock throughout its collection.
    //   holds the CMS token (but not the lock)
    //     except while it is waiting for the background collector to yield.
    //
    // The foreground collector should be blocked (not for long)
    //   if the background collector is about to start a phase
    //   executed with world stopped.  If the background
    //   collector has already started such a phase, the
    //   foreground collector is blocked waiting for the
    //   Heap_lock.  The stop-world phases (InitialMarking and FinalMarking)
    //   are executed in the VM thread.
    //
    // The locking order is
    //   PendingListLock (PLL)  -- if applicable (FinalMarking)
    //   Heap_lock  (both this & PLL locked in VM_CMS_Operation::prologue())
    //   CMS token  (claimed in
    //                stop_world_and_do() -->
    //                  safepoint_synchronize() -->
    //                    CMSThread::synchronize())

    {
      // Check if the FG collector wants us to yield.
      CMSTokenSync x(true); // is cms thread
      if (waitForForegroundGC()) {
        // We yielded to a foreground GC, nothing more to be
        // done this round.
        assert(_foregroundGCShouldWait == false, "We set it to false in "
               "waitForForegroundGC()");
        if (TraceCMSState) {
          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT
            " exiting collection CMS state %d",
            Thread::current(), _collectorState);
        }
        return;
      } else {
        // The background collector can run but check to see if the
        // foreground collector has done a collection while the
        // background collector was waiting to get the CGC_lock
        // above.  If yes, break so that _foregroundGCShouldWait
        // is cleared before returning.
        if (_collectorState == Idling) {
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    assert(_foregroundGCShouldWait, "Foreground collector, if active, "
      "should be waiting");

    switch (_collectorState) {
      case InitialMarking:
        {
          ReleaseForegroundGC x(this);
          stats().record_cms_begin();

          VM_CMS_Initial_Mark initial_mark_op(this);
          VMThread::execute(&initial_mark_op);
        }
        // The collector state may be any legal state at this point
        // since the background collector may have yielded to the
        // foreground collector.
        break;
      case Marking:
        // initial marking in checkpointRootsInitialWork has been completed
        if (markFromRoots(true)) { // we were successful
          assert(_collectorState == Precleaning, "Collector state should "
            "have changed");
        } else {
          assert(_foregroundGCIsActive, "Internal state inconsistency");
        }
        break;
      case Precleaning:
        if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
          size_policy()->concurrent_precleaning_begin();
        }
        // marking from roots in markFromRoots has been completed
        preclean();
        if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
          size_policy()->concurrent_precleaning_end();
        }
        assert(_collectorState == AbortablePreclean ||
               _collectorState == FinalMarking,
               "Collector state should have changed");
        break;
      case AbortablePreclean:
        if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
        size_policy()->concurrent_phases_resume();
        }
        abortable_preclean();
        if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
          size_policy()->concurrent_precleaning_end();
        }
        assert(_collectorState == FinalMarking, "Collector state should "
          "have changed");
        break;
      case FinalMarking:
        {
          ReleaseForegroundGC x(this);

          VM_CMS_Final_Remark final_remark_op(this);
          VMThread::execute(&final_remark_op);
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        }
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        assert(_foregroundGCShouldWait, "block post-condition");
        break;
      case Sweeping:
        if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
          size_policy()->concurrent_sweeping_begin();
        }
        // final marking in checkpointRootsFinal has been completed
        sweep(true);
        assert(_collectorState == Resizing, "Collector state change "
          "to Resizing must be done under the free_list_lock");
        _full_gcs_since_conc_gc = 0;

        // Stop the timers for adaptive size policy for the concurrent phases
        if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
          size_policy()->concurrent_sweeping_end();
          size_policy()->concurrent_phases_end(gch->gc_cause(),
                                             gch->prev_gen(_cmsGen)->capacity(),
                                             _cmsGen->free());
        }

      case Resizing: {
        // Sweeping has been completed...
        // At this point the background collection has completed.
        // Don't move the call to compute_new_size() down
        // into code that might be executed if the background
        // collection was preempted.
        {
          ReleaseForegroundGC x(this);   // unblock FG collection
          MutexLockerEx       y(Heap_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
          CMSTokenSync        z(true);   // not strictly needed.
          if (_collectorState == Resizing) {
            compute_new_size();
            _collectorState = Resetting;
          } else {
            assert(_collectorState == Idling, "The state should only change"
                   " because the foreground collector has finished the collection");
          }
        }
        break;
      }
      case Resetting:
        // CMS heap resizing has been completed
        reset(true);
        assert(_collectorState == Idling, "Collector state should "
          "have changed");
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        MetaspaceGC::set_should_concurrent_collect(false);

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        stats().record_cms_end();
        // Don't move the concurrent_phases_end() and compute_new_size()
        // calls to here because a preempted background collection
        // has it's state set to "Resetting".
        break;
      case Idling:
      default:
        ShouldNotReachHere();
        break;
    }
    if (TraceCMSState) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " done - next CMS state %d",
        Thread::current(), _collectorState);
    }
    assert(_foregroundGCShouldWait, "block post-condition");
  }

  // Should this be in gc_epilogue?
  collector_policy()->counters()->update_counters();

  {
    // Clear _foregroundGCShouldWait and, in the event that the
    // foreground collector is waiting, notify it, before
    // returning.
    MutexLockerEx x(CGC_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    _foregroundGCShouldWait = false;
    if (_foregroundGCIsActive) {
      CGC_lock->notify();
    }
    assert(!ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
           "Possible deadlock");
  }
  if (TraceCMSState) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT
      " exiting collection CMS state %d",
      Thread::current(), _collectorState);
  }
  if (PrintGC && Verbose) {
    _cmsGen->print_heap_change(prev_used);
  }
}

void CMSCollector::collect_in_foreground(bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
  assert(_foregroundGCIsActive && !_foregroundGCShouldWait,
         "Foreground collector should be waiting, not executing");
  assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "A foreground collection"
    "may only be done by the VM Thread with the world stopped");
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::vm_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "VM thread should have CMS token");

  NOT_PRODUCT(TraceTime t("CMS:MS (foreground) ", PrintGCDetails && Verbose,
    true, gclog_or_tty);)
  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
    size_policy()->ms_collection_begin();
  }
  COMPILER2_PRESENT(DerivedPointerTableDeactivate dpt_deact);

  HandleMark hm;  // Discard invalid handles created during verification

  if (VerifyBeforeGC &&
      GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
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    Universe::verify();
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  }

2427
  // Snapshot the soft reference policy to be used in this collection cycle.
2428
  ref_processor()->setup_policy(clear_all_soft_refs);
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  bool init_mark_was_synchronous = false; // until proven otherwise
  while (_collectorState != Idling) {
    if (TraceCMSState) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " in CMS state %d",
        Thread::current(), _collectorState);
    }
    switch (_collectorState) {
      case InitialMarking:
        init_mark_was_synchronous = true;  // fact to be exploited in re-mark
        checkpointRootsInitial(false);
        assert(_collectorState == Marking, "Collector state should have changed"
          " within checkpointRootsInitial()");
        break;
      case Marking:
        // initial marking in checkpointRootsInitialWork has been completed
        if (VerifyDuringGC &&
            GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
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          Universe::verify("Verify before initial mark: ");
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        }
        {
          bool res = markFromRoots(false);
          assert(res && _collectorState == FinalMarking, "Collector state should "
            "have changed");
          break;
        }
      case FinalMarking:
        if (VerifyDuringGC &&
            GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
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          Universe::verify("Verify before re-mark: ");
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        }
        checkpointRootsFinal(false, clear_all_soft_refs,
                             init_mark_was_synchronous);
        assert(_collectorState == Sweeping, "Collector state should not "
          "have changed within checkpointRootsFinal()");
        break;
      case Sweeping:
        // final marking in checkpointRootsFinal has been completed
        if (VerifyDuringGC &&
            GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
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          Universe::verify("Verify before sweep: ");
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        }
        sweep(false);
        assert(_collectorState == Resizing, "Incorrect state");
        break;
      case Resizing: {
        // Sweeping has been completed; the actual resize in this case
        // is done separately; nothing to be done in this state.
        _collectorState = Resetting;
        break;
      }
      case Resetting:
        // The heap has been resized.
        if (VerifyDuringGC &&
            GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
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          Universe::verify("Verify before reset: ");
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        }
        reset(false);
        assert(_collectorState == Idling, "Collector state should "
          "have changed");
        break;
      case Precleaning:
      case AbortablePreclean:
        // Elide the preclean phase
        _collectorState = FinalMarking;
        break;
      default:
        ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
    if (TraceCMSState) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " done - next CMS state %d",
        Thread::current(), _collectorState);
    }
  }

  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
    GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
    size_policy()->ms_collection_end(gch->gc_cause());
  }

  if (VerifyAfterGC &&
      GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
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    Universe::verify();
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  }
  if (TraceCMSState) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT
      " exiting collection CMS state %d",
      Thread::current(), _collectorState);
  }
}

bool CMSCollector::waitForForegroundGC() {
  bool res = false;
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "CMS thread should have CMS token");
  // Block the foreground collector until the
  // background collectors decides whether to
  // yield.
  MutexLockerEx x(CGC_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  _foregroundGCShouldWait = true;
  if (_foregroundGCIsActive) {
    // The background collector yields to the
    // foreground collector and returns a value
    // indicating that it has yielded.  The foreground
    // collector can proceed.
    res = true;
    _foregroundGCShouldWait = false;
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::clear_CMS_flag(
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::CMS_cms_has_token);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::set_CMS_flag(
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::CMS_cms_wants_token);
    // Get a possibly blocked foreground thread going
    CGC_lock->notify();
    if (TraceCMSState) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " waiting at CMS state %d",
        Thread::current(), _collectorState);
    }
    while (_foregroundGCIsActive) {
      CGC_lock->wait(Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    }
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::set_CMS_flag(
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::CMS_cms_has_token);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::clear_CMS_flag(
      ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::CMS_cms_wants_token);
  }
  if (TraceCMSState) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS Thread " INTPTR_FORMAT " continuing at CMS state %d",
      Thread::current(), _collectorState);
  }
  return res;
}

// Because of the need to lock the free lists and other structures in
// the collector, common to all the generations that the collector is
// collecting, we need the gc_prologues of individual CMS generations
// delegate to their collector. It may have been simpler had the
// current infrastructure allowed one to call a prologue on a
// collector. In the absence of that we have the generation's
// prologue delegate to the collector, which delegates back
// some "local" work to a worker method in the individual generations
// that it's responsible for collecting, while itself doing any
// work common to all generations it's responsible for. A similar
// comment applies to the  gc_epilogue()'s.
// The role of the varaible _between_prologue_and_epilogue is to
// enforce the invocation protocol.
void CMSCollector::gc_prologue(bool full) {
2575
  // Call gc_prologue_work() for the CMSGen
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  // we are responsible for.

  // The following locking discipline assumes that we are only called
  // when the world is stopped.
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "world is stopped assumption");

  // The CMSCollector prologue must call the gc_prologues for the
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  // "generations" that it's responsible
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  // for.

  assert(   Thread::current()->is_VM_thread()
         || (   CMSScavengeBeforeRemark
             && Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread()),
         "Incorrect thread type for prologue execution");

  if (_between_prologue_and_epilogue) {
    // We have already been invoked; this is a gc_prologue delegation
    // from yet another CMS generation that we are responsible for, just
    // ignore it since all relevant work has already been done.
    return;
  }

  // set a bit saying prologue has been called; cleared in epilogue
  _between_prologue_and_epilogue = true;
  // Claim locks for common data structures, then call gc_prologue_work()
2601
  // for each CMSGen.
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  getFreelistLocks();   // gets free list locks on constituent spaces
  bitMapLock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();

  // Should call gc_prologue_work() for all cms gens we are responsible for
2607
  bool duringMarking =    _collectorState >= Marking
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                         && _collectorState < Sweeping;
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  // The young collections clear the modified oops state, which tells if
  // there are any modified oops in the class. The remark phase also needs
  // that information. Tell the young collection to save the union of all
  // modified klasses.
  if (duringMarking) {
    _ct->klass_rem_set()->set_accumulate_modified_oops(true);
  }

  bool registerClosure = duringMarking;

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  ModUnionClosure* muc = CollectedHeap::use_parallel_gc_threads() ?
                                               &_modUnionClosurePar
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                                               : &_modUnionClosure;
  _cmsGen->gc_prologue_work(full, registerClosure, muc);

  if (!full) {
    stats().record_gc0_begin();
  }
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::gc_prologue(bool full) {
2631 2632 2633 2634

  _capacity_at_prologue = capacity();
  _used_at_prologue = used();

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  // Delegate to CMScollector which knows how to coordinate between
  // this and any other CMS generations that it is responsible for
  // collecting.
  collector()->gc_prologue(full);
}

// This is a "private" interface for use by this generation's CMSCollector.
// Not to be called directly by any other entity (for instance,
// GenCollectedHeap, which calls the "public" gc_prologue method above).
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::gc_prologue_work(bool full,
  bool registerClosure, ModUnionClosure* modUnionClosure) {
  assert(!incremental_collection_failed(), "Shouldn't be set yet");
  assert(cmsSpace()->preconsumptionDirtyCardClosure() == NULL,
    "Should be NULL");
  if (registerClosure) {
    cmsSpace()->setPreconsumptionDirtyCardClosure(modUnionClosure);
  }
  cmsSpace()->gc_prologue();
  // Clear stat counters
  NOT_PRODUCT(
    assert(_numObjectsPromoted == 0, "check");
    assert(_numWordsPromoted   == 0, "check");
    if (Verbose && PrintGC) {
      gclog_or_tty->print("Allocated "SIZE_FORMAT" objects, "
                          SIZE_FORMAT" bytes concurrently",
      _numObjectsAllocated, _numWordsAllocated*sizeof(HeapWord));
    }
    _numObjectsAllocated = 0;
    _numWordsAllocated   = 0;
  )
}

void CMSCollector::gc_epilogue(bool full) {
  // The following locking discipline assumes that we are only called
  // when the world is stopped.
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
         "world is stopped assumption");

  // Currently the CMS epilogue (see CompactibleFreeListSpace) merely checks
  // if linear allocation blocks need to be appropriately marked to allow the
  // the blocks to be parsable. We also check here whether we need to nudge the
  // CMS collector thread to start a new cycle (if it's not already active).
  assert(   Thread::current()->is_VM_thread()
         || (   CMSScavengeBeforeRemark
             && Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread()),
         "Incorrect thread type for epilogue execution");

  if (!_between_prologue_and_epilogue) {
    // We have already been invoked; this is a gc_epilogue delegation
    // from yet another CMS generation that we are responsible for, just
    // ignore it since all relevant work has already been done.
    return;
  }
  assert(haveFreelistLocks(), "must have freelist locks");
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());

2691 2692
  _ct->klass_rem_set()->set_accumulate_modified_oops(false);

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  _cmsGen->gc_epilogue_work(full);

  if (_collectorState == AbortablePreclean || _collectorState == Precleaning) {
    // in case sampling was not already enabled, enable it
    _start_sampling = true;
  }
  // reset _eden_chunk_array so sampling starts afresh
  _eden_chunk_index = 0;

  size_t cms_used   = _cmsGen->cmsSpace()->used();

  // update performance counters - this uses a special version of
  // update_counters() that allows the utilization to be passed as a
  // parameter, avoiding multiple calls to used().
  //
  _cmsGen->update_counters(cms_used);

  if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
    icms_update_allocation_limits();
  }

  bitMapLock()->unlock();
  releaseFreelistLocks();

2717 2718 2719 2720
  if (!CleanChunkPoolAsync) {
    Chunk::clean_chunk_pool();
  }

2721
  set_did_compact(false);
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  _between_prologue_and_epilogue = false;  // ready for next cycle
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::gc_epilogue(bool full) {
  collector()->gc_epilogue(full);

  // Also reset promotion tracking in par gc thread states.
2729
  if (CollectedHeap::use_parallel_gc_threads()) {
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    for (uint i = 0; i < ParallelGCThreads; i++) {
2731
      _par_gc_thread_states[i]->promo.stopTrackingPromotions(i);
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    }
  }
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::gc_epilogue_work(bool full) {
  assert(!incremental_collection_failed(), "Should have been cleared");
  cmsSpace()->setPreconsumptionDirtyCardClosure(NULL);
  cmsSpace()->gc_epilogue();
    // Print stat counters
  NOT_PRODUCT(
    assert(_numObjectsAllocated == 0, "check");
    assert(_numWordsAllocated == 0, "check");
    if (Verbose && PrintGC) {
      gclog_or_tty->print("Promoted "SIZE_FORMAT" objects, "
                          SIZE_FORMAT" bytes",
                 _numObjectsPromoted, _numWordsPromoted*sizeof(HeapWord));
    }
    _numObjectsPromoted = 0;
    _numWordsPromoted   = 0;
  )

  if (PrintGC && Verbose) {
    // Call down the chain in contiguous_available needs the freelistLock
    // so print this out before releasing the freeListLock.
    gclog_or_tty->print(" Contiguous available "SIZE_FORMAT" bytes ",
                        contiguous_available());
  }
}

#ifndef PRODUCT
bool CMSCollector::have_cms_token() {
  Thread* thr = Thread::current();
  if (thr->is_VM_thread()) {
    return ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::vm_thread_has_cms_token();
  } else if (thr->is_ConcurrentGC_thread()) {
    return ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token();
  } else if (thr->is_GC_task_thread()) {
    return ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::vm_thread_has_cms_token() &&
           ParGCRareEvent_lock->owned_by_self();
  }
  return false;
}
#endif

// Check reachability of the given heap address in CMS generation,
// treating all other generations as roots.
bool CMSCollector::is_cms_reachable(HeapWord* addr) {
  // We could "guarantee" below, rather than assert, but i'll
  // leave these as "asserts" so that an adventurous debugger
  // could try this in the product build provided some subset of
  // the conditions were met, provided they were intersted in the
  // results and knew that the computation below wouldn't interfere
  // with other concurrent computations mutating the structures
  // being read or written.
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
         "Else mutations in object graph will make answer suspect");
  assert(have_cms_token(), "Should hold cms token");
  assert(haveFreelistLocks(), "must hold free list locks");
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());

  // Clear the marking bit map array before starting, but, just
  // for kicks, first report if the given address is already marked
  gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Start: Address 0x%x is%s marked", addr,
                _markBitMap.isMarked(addr) ? "" : " not");

  if (verify_after_remark()) {
    MutexLockerEx x(verification_mark_bm()->lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    bool result = verification_mark_bm()->isMarked(addr);
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("TransitiveMark: Address 0x%x %s marked", addr,
                           result ? "IS" : "is NOT");
    return result;
  } else {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Could not compute result");
    return false;
  }
}

2809 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814 2815 2816 2817 2818 2819 2820 2821 2822 2823 2824 2825

void
CMSCollector::print_on_error(outputStream* st) {
  CMSCollector* collector = ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::_collector;
  if (collector != NULL) {
    CMSBitMap* bitmap = &collector->_markBitMap;
    st->print_cr("Marking Bits: (CMSBitMap*) " PTR_FORMAT, bitmap);
    bitmap->print_on_error(st, " Bits: ");

    st->cr();

    CMSBitMap* mut_bitmap = &collector->_modUnionTable;
    st->print_cr("Mod Union Table: (CMSBitMap*) " PTR_FORMAT, mut_bitmap);
    mut_bitmap->print_on_error(st, " Bits: ");
  }
}

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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMS Verification Support
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Following the remark phase, the following invariant
// should hold -- each object in the CMS heap which is
// marked in markBitMap() should be marked in the verification_mark_bm().

class VerifyMarkedClosure: public BitMapClosure {
  CMSBitMap* _marks;
  bool       _failed;

 public:
  VerifyMarkedClosure(CMSBitMap* bm): _marks(bm), _failed(false) {}

2840
  bool do_bit(size_t offset) {
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    HeapWord* addr = _marks->offsetToHeapWord(offset);
    if (!_marks->isMarked(addr)) {
2843
      oop(addr)->print_on(gclog_or_tty);
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      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" ("INTPTR_FORMAT" should have been marked)", addr);
      _failed = true;
    }
2847
    return true;
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  }

  bool failed() { return _failed; }
};

2853 2854
bool CMSCollector::verify_after_remark(bool silent) {
  if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print(" [Verifying CMS Marking... ");
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  MutexLockerEx ml(verification_mark_bm()->lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  static bool init = false;

  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
         "Else mutations in object graph will make answer suspect");
  assert(have_cms_token(),
         "Else there may be mutual interference in use of "
         " verification data structures");
  assert(_collectorState > Marking && _collectorState <= Sweeping,
         "Else marking info checked here may be obsolete");
  assert(haveFreelistLocks(), "must hold free list locks");
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());


  // Allocate marking bit map if not already allocated
  if (!init) { // first time
    if (!verification_mark_bm()->allocate(_span)) {
      return false;
    }
    init = true;
  }

  assert(verification_mark_stack()->isEmpty(), "Should be empty");

  // Turn off refs discovery -- so we will be tracing through refs.
  // This is as intended, because by this time
  // GC must already have cleared any refs that need to be cleared,
  // and traced those that need to be marked; moreover,
  // the marking done here is not going to intefere in any
  // way with the marking information used by GC.
  NoRefDiscovery no_discovery(ref_processor());

  COMPILER2_PRESENT(DerivedPointerTableDeactivate dpt_deact;)

  // Clear any marks from a previous round
  verification_mark_bm()->clear_all();
  assert(verification_mark_stack()->isEmpty(), "markStack should be empty");
2892
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
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  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  gch->ensure_parsability(false);  // fill TLABs, but no need to retire them
  // Update the saved marks which may affect the root scans.
  gch->save_marks();

  if (CMSRemarkVerifyVariant == 1) {
    // In this first variant of verification, we complete
    // all marking, then check if the new marks-verctor is
    // a subset of the CMS marks-vector.
    verify_after_remark_work_1();
  } else if (CMSRemarkVerifyVariant == 2) {
    // In this second variant of verification, we flag an error
    // (i.e. an object reachable in the new marks-vector not reachable
    // in the CMS marks-vector) immediately, also indicating the
    // identify of an object (A) that references the unmarked object (B) --
    // presumably, a mutation to A failed to be picked up by preclean/remark?
    verify_after_remark_work_2();
  } else {
    warning("Unrecognized value %d for CMSRemarkVerifyVariant",
            CMSRemarkVerifyVariant);
  }
2915
  if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print(" done] ");
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  return true;
}

void CMSCollector::verify_after_remark_work_1() {
  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark  hm;
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

2924 2925 2926
  // Get a clear set of claim bits for the strong roots processing to work with.
  ClassLoaderDataGraph::clear_claimed_marks();

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  // Mark from roots one level into CMS
2928
  MarkRefsIntoClosure notOlder(_span, verification_mark_bm());
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  gch->rem_set()->prepare_for_younger_refs_iterate(false); // Not parallel.

  gch->gen_process_strong_roots(_cmsGen->level(),
                                true,   // younger gens are roots
2933
                                true,   // activate StrongRootsScope
2934
                                false,  // not scavenging
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                                SharedHeap::ScanningOption(roots_scanning_options()),
2936 2937
                                &notOlder,
                                true,   // walk code active on stacks
2938 2939
                                NULL,
                                NULL); // SSS: Provide correct closure
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  // Now mark from the roots
  MarkFromRootsClosure markFromRootsClosure(this, _span,
2943
    verification_mark_bm(), verification_mark_stack(),
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    false /* don't yield */, true /* verifying */);
  assert(_restart_addr == NULL, "Expected pre-condition");
  verification_mark_bm()->iterate(&markFromRootsClosure);
  while (_restart_addr != NULL) {
    // Deal with stack overflow: by restarting at the indicated
    // address.
    HeapWord* ra = _restart_addr;
    markFromRootsClosure.reset(ra);
    _restart_addr = NULL;
    verification_mark_bm()->iterate(&markFromRootsClosure, ra, _span.end());
  }
  assert(verification_mark_stack()->isEmpty(), "Should have been drained");
  verify_work_stacks_empty();

  // Marking completed -- now verify that each bit marked in
  // verification_mark_bm() is also marked in markBitMap(); flag all
  // errors by printing corresponding objects.
  VerifyMarkedClosure vcl(markBitMap());
  verification_mark_bm()->iterate(&vcl);
  if (vcl.failed()) {
    gclog_or_tty->print("Verification failed");
2965 2966
    Universe::heap()->print_on(gclog_or_tty);
    fatal("CMS: failed marking verification after remark");
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  }
}

2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982 2983 2984
class VerifyKlassOopsKlassClosure : public KlassClosure {
  class VerifyKlassOopsClosure : public OopClosure {
    CMSBitMap* _bitmap;
   public:
    VerifyKlassOopsClosure(CMSBitMap* bitmap) : _bitmap(bitmap) { }
    void do_oop(oop* p)       { guarantee(*p == NULL || _bitmap->isMarked((HeapWord*) *p), "Should be marked"); }
    void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { ShouldNotReachHere(); }
  } _oop_closure;
 public:
  VerifyKlassOopsKlassClosure(CMSBitMap* bitmap) : _oop_closure(bitmap) {}
  void do_klass(Klass* k) {
    k->oops_do(&_oop_closure);
  }
};

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void CMSCollector::verify_after_remark_work_2() {
  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark  hm;
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

2990 2991 2992
  // Get a clear set of claim bits for the strong roots processing to work with.
  ClassLoaderDataGraph::clear_claimed_marks();

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  // Mark from roots one level into CMS
  MarkRefsIntoVerifyClosure notOlder(_span, verification_mark_bm(),
2995
                                     markBitMap());
2996 2997
  CMKlassClosure klass_closure(&notOlder);

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  gch->rem_set()->prepare_for_younger_refs_iterate(false); // Not parallel.
  gch->gen_process_strong_roots(_cmsGen->level(),
                                true,   // younger gens are roots
3001
                                true,   // activate StrongRootsScope
3002
                                false,  // not scavenging
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                                SharedHeap::ScanningOption(roots_scanning_options()),
3004 3005
                                &notOlder,
                                true,   // walk code active on stacks
3006 3007
                                NULL,
                                &klass_closure);
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  // Now mark from the roots
  MarkFromRootsVerifyClosure markFromRootsClosure(this, _span,
    verification_mark_bm(), markBitMap(), verification_mark_stack());
  assert(_restart_addr == NULL, "Expected pre-condition");
  verification_mark_bm()->iterate(&markFromRootsClosure);
  while (_restart_addr != NULL) {
    // Deal with stack overflow: by restarting at the indicated
    // address.
    HeapWord* ra = _restart_addr;
    markFromRootsClosure.reset(ra);
    _restart_addr = NULL;
    verification_mark_bm()->iterate(&markFromRootsClosure, ra, _span.end());
  }
  assert(verification_mark_stack()->isEmpty(), "Should have been drained");
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
3024 3025 3026

  VerifyKlassOopsKlassClosure verify_klass_oops(verification_mark_bm());
  ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&verify_klass_oops);
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  // Marking completed -- now verify that each bit marked in
  // verification_mark_bm() is also marked in markBitMap(); flag all
  // errors by printing corresponding objects.
  VerifyMarkedClosure vcl(markBitMap());
  verification_mark_bm()->iterate(&vcl);
  assert(!vcl.failed(), "Else verification above should not have succeeded");
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::save_marks() {
  // delegate to CMS space
  cmsSpace()->save_marks();
  for (uint i = 0; i < ParallelGCThreads; i++) {
    _par_gc_thread_states[i]->promo.startTrackingPromotions();
  }
}

bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::no_allocs_since_save_marks() {
  return cmsSpace()->no_allocs_since_save_marks();
}

#define CMS_SINCE_SAVE_MARKS_DEFN(OopClosureType, nv_suffix)    \
                                                                \
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::                            \
oop_since_save_marks_iterate##nv_suffix(OopClosureType* cl) {   \
  cl->set_generation(this);                                     \
  cmsSpace()->oop_since_save_marks_iterate##nv_suffix(cl);      \
  cl->reset_generation();                                       \
  save_marks();                                                 \
}

ALL_SINCE_SAVE_MARKS_CLOSURES(CMS_SINCE_SAVE_MARKS_DEFN)

void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::object_iterate_since_last_GC(ObjectClosure* blk)
{
  // Not currently implemented; need to do the following. -- ysr.
  // dld -- I think that is used for some sort of allocation profiler.  So it
  // really means the objects allocated by the mutator since the last
  // GC.  We could potentially implement this cheaply by recording only
  // the direct allocations in a side data structure.
  //
  // I think we probably ought not to be required to support these
  // iterations at any arbitrary point; I think there ought to be some
  // call to enable/disable allocation profiling in a generation/space,
  // and the iterator ought to return the objects allocated in the
  // gen/space since the enable call, or the last iterator call (which
  // will probably be at a GC.)  That way, for gens like CM&S that would
  // require some extra data structure to support this, we only pay the
  // cost when it's in use...
  cmsSpace()->object_iterate_since_last_GC(blk);
}

void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::younger_refs_iterate(OopsInGenClosure* cl) {
  cl->set_generation(this);
  younger_refs_in_space_iterate(_cmsSpace, cl);
  cl->reset_generation();
}

void
3088
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::oop_iterate(MemRegion mr, ExtendedOopClosure* cl) {
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  if (freelistLock()->owned_by_self()) {
    Generation::oop_iterate(mr, cl);
  } else {
    MutexLockerEx x(freelistLock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    Generation::oop_iterate(mr, cl);
  }
}

void
3098
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::oop_iterate(ExtendedOopClosure* cl) {
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  if (freelistLock()->owned_by_self()) {
    Generation::oop_iterate(cl);
  } else {
    MutexLockerEx x(freelistLock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    Generation::oop_iterate(cl);
  }
}

void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) {
  if (freelistLock()->owned_by_self()) {
    Generation::object_iterate(cl);
  } else {
    MutexLockerEx x(freelistLock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    Generation::object_iterate(cl);
  }
}

3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126
void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::safe_object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) {
  if (freelistLock()->owned_by_self()) {
    Generation::safe_object_iterate(cl);
  } else {
    MutexLockerEx x(freelistLock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    Generation::safe_object_iterate(cl);
  }
}

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void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::post_compact() {
}

void
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::prepare_for_verify() {
  // Fix the linear allocation blocks to look like free blocks.

  // Locks are normally acquired/released in gc_prologue/gc_epilogue, but those
  // are not called when the heap is verified during universe initialization and
  // at vm shutdown.
  if (freelistLock()->owned_by_self()) {
    cmsSpace()->prepare_for_verify();
  } else {
    MutexLockerEx fll(freelistLock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    cmsSpace()->prepare_for_verify();
  }
}

void
3147
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::verify() {
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  // Locks are normally acquired/released in gc_prologue/gc_epilogue, but those
  // are not called when the heap is verified during universe initialization and
  // at vm shutdown.
  if (freelistLock()->owned_by_self()) {
3152
    cmsSpace()->verify();
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  } else {
    MutexLockerEx fll(freelistLock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
3155
    cmsSpace()->verify();
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  }
}

3159 3160
void CMSCollector::verify() {
  _cmsGen->verify();
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}

#ifndef PRODUCT
bool CMSCollector::overflow_list_is_empty() const {
  assert(_num_par_pushes >= 0, "Inconsistency");
  if (_overflow_list == NULL) {
    assert(_num_par_pushes == 0, "Inconsistency");
  }
  return _overflow_list == NULL;
}

// The methods verify_work_stacks_empty() and verify_overflow_empty()
// merely consolidate assertion checks that appear to occur together frequently.
void CMSCollector::verify_work_stacks_empty() const {
  assert(_markStack.isEmpty(), "Marking stack should be empty");
  assert(overflow_list_is_empty(), "Overflow list should be empty");
}

void CMSCollector::verify_overflow_empty() const {
  assert(overflow_list_is_empty(), "Overflow list should be empty");
  assert(no_preserved_marks(), "No preserved marks");
}
#endif // PRODUCT

3185
// Decide if we want to enable class unloading as part of the
3186
// ensuing concurrent GC cycle. We will collect and
3187 3188 3189 3190
// unload classes if it's the case that:
// (1) an explicit gc request has been made and the flag
//     ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses is set, OR
// (2) (a) class unloading is enabled at the command line, and
3191
//     (b) old gen is getting really full
3192 3193 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198
// NOTE: Provided there is no change in the state of the heap between
// calls to this method, it should have idempotent results. Moreover,
// its results should be monotonically increasing (i.e. going from 0 to 1,
// but not 1 to 0) between successive calls between which the heap was
// not collected. For the implementation below, it must thus rely on
// the property that concurrent_cycles_since_last_unload()
// will not decrease unless a collection cycle happened and that
3199
// _cmsGen->is_too_full() are
3200 3201
// themselves also monotonic in that sense. See check_monotonicity()
// below.
3202
void CMSCollector::update_should_unload_classes() {
3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220
  _should_unload_classes = false;
  // Condition 1 above
  if (_full_gc_requested && ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses) {
    _should_unload_classes = true;
  } else if (CMSClassUnloadingEnabled) { // Condition 2.a above
    // Disjuncts 2.b.(i,ii,iii) above
    _should_unload_classes = (concurrent_cycles_since_last_unload() >=
                              CMSClassUnloadingMaxInterval)
                           || _cmsGen->is_too_full();
  }
}

bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::is_too_full() const {
  bool res = should_concurrent_collect();
  res = res && (occupancy() > (double)CMSIsTooFullPercentage/100.0);
  return res;
}

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void CMSCollector::setup_cms_unloading_and_verification_state() {
3222
  const  bool should_verify =   VerifyBeforeGC || VerifyAfterGC || VerifyDuringGC
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                             || VerifyBeforeExit;
3224
  const  int  rso           =   SharedHeap::SO_Strings | SharedHeap::SO_CodeCache;
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3226
  if (should_unload_classes()) {   // Should unload classes this cycle
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    remove_root_scanning_option(rso);  // Shrink the root set appropriately
    set_verifying(should_verify);    // Set verification state for this cycle
    return;                            // Nothing else needs to be done at this time
  }

  // Not unloading classes this cycle
3233 3234
  assert(!should_unload_classes(), "Inconsitency!");
  if ((!verifying() || unloaded_classes_last_cycle()) && should_verify) {
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    // Include symbols, strings and code cache elements to prevent their resurrection.
    add_root_scanning_option(rso);
    set_verifying(true);
  } else if (verifying() && !should_verify) {
    // We were verifying, but some verification flags got disabled.
    set_verifying(false);
    // Exclude symbols, strings and code cache elements from root scanning to
    // reduce IM and RM pauses.
    remove_root_scanning_option(rso);
  }
}


#ifndef PRODUCT
HeapWord* CMSCollector::block_start(const void* p) const {
  const HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)p;
  if (_span.contains(p)) {
    if (_cmsGen->cmsSpace()->is_in_reserved(addr)) {
      return _cmsGen->cmsSpace()->block_start(p);
    }
  }
  return NULL;
}
#endif

HeapWord*
ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::expand_and_allocate(size_t word_size,
                                                   bool   tlab,
                                                   bool   parallel) {
3264
  CMSSynchronousYieldRequest yr;
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  assert(!tlab, "Can't deal with TLAB allocation");
  MutexLockerEx x(freelistLock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  expand(word_size*HeapWordSize, MinHeapDeltaBytes,
    CMSExpansionCause::_satisfy_allocation);
  if (GCExpandToAllocateDelayMillis > 0) {
    os::sleep(Thread::current(), GCExpandToAllocateDelayMillis, false);
  }
3272
  return have_lock_and_allocate(word_size, tlab);
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}

// YSR: All of this generation expansion/shrinking stuff is an exact copy of
// OneContigSpaceCardGeneration, which makes me wonder if we should move this
// to CardGeneration and share it...
3278 3279 3280 3281
bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::expand(size_t bytes, size_t expand_bytes) {
  return CardGeneration::expand(bytes, expand_bytes);
}

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void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::expand(size_t bytes, size_t expand_bytes,
  CMSExpansionCause::Cause cause)
{

3286 3287
  bool success = expand(bytes, expand_bytes);

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  // remember why we expanded; this information is used
  // by shouldConcurrentCollect() when making decisions on whether to start
  // a new CMS cycle.
  if (success) {
    set_expansion_cause(cause);
    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Expanded CMS gen for %s",
        CMSExpansionCause::to_string(cause));
    }
  }
}

HeapWord* ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::expand_and_par_lab_allocate(CMSParGCThreadState* ps, size_t word_sz) {
  HeapWord* res = NULL;
  MutexLocker x(ParGCRareEvent_lock);
  while (true) {
    // Expansion by some other thread might make alloc OK now:
    res = ps->lab.alloc(word_sz);
    if (res != NULL) return res;
    // If there's not enough expansion space available, give up.
    if (_virtual_space.uncommitted_size() < (word_sz * HeapWordSize)) {
      return NULL;
    }
    // Otherwise, we try expansion.
    expand(word_sz*HeapWordSize, MinHeapDeltaBytes,
      CMSExpansionCause::_allocate_par_lab);
    // Now go around the loop and try alloc again;
    // A competing par_promote might beat us to the expansion space,
    // so we may go around the loop again if promotion fails agaion.
    if (GCExpandToAllocateDelayMillis > 0) {
      os::sleep(Thread::current(), GCExpandToAllocateDelayMillis, false);
    }
  }
}


bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::expand_and_ensure_spooling_space(
  PromotionInfo* promo) {
  MutexLocker x(ParGCRareEvent_lock);
  size_t refill_size_bytes = promo->refillSize() * HeapWordSize;
  while (true) {
    // Expansion by some other thread might make alloc OK now:
    if (promo->ensure_spooling_space()) {
      assert(promo->has_spooling_space(),
             "Post-condition of successful ensure_spooling_space()");
      return true;
    }
    // If there's not enough expansion space available, give up.
    if (_virtual_space.uncommitted_size() < refill_size_bytes) {
      return false;
    }
    // Otherwise, we try expansion.
    expand(refill_size_bytes, MinHeapDeltaBytes,
      CMSExpansionCause::_allocate_par_spooling_space);
    // Now go around the loop and try alloc again;
    // A competing allocation might beat us to the expansion space,
    // so we may go around the loop again if allocation fails again.
    if (GCExpandToAllocateDelayMillis > 0) {
      os::sleep(Thread::current(), GCExpandToAllocateDelayMillis, false);
    }
  }
}


3352 3353 3354 3355 3356 3357 3358 3359 3360 3361 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 3367 3368 3369 3370 3371
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::shrink_by(size_t bytes) {
  assert_locked_or_safepoint(ExpandHeap_lock);
  // Shrink committed space
  _virtual_space.shrink_by(bytes);
  // Shrink space; this also shrinks the space's BOT
  _cmsSpace->set_end((HeapWord*) _virtual_space.high());
  size_t new_word_size = heap_word_size(_cmsSpace->capacity());
  // Shrink the shared block offset array
  _bts->resize(new_word_size);
  MemRegion mr(_cmsSpace->bottom(), new_word_size);
  // Shrink the card table
  Universe::heap()->barrier_set()->resize_covered_region(mr);

  if (Verbose && PrintGC) {
    size_t new_mem_size = _virtual_space.committed_size();
    size_t old_mem_size = new_mem_size + bytes;
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Shrinking %s from " SIZE_FORMAT "K to " SIZE_FORMAT "K",
                  name(), old_mem_size/K, new_mem_size/K);
  }
}
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void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::shrink(size_t bytes) {
  assert_locked_or_safepoint(Heap_lock);
  size_t size = ReservedSpace::page_align_size_down(bytes);
  if (size > 0) {
    shrink_by(size);
  }
}

bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::grow_by(size_t bytes) {
  assert_locked_or_safepoint(Heap_lock);
  bool result = _virtual_space.expand_by(bytes);
  if (result) {
    HeapWord* old_end = _cmsSpace->end();
    size_t new_word_size =
      heap_word_size(_virtual_space.committed_size());
    MemRegion mr(_cmsSpace->bottom(), new_word_size);
    _bts->resize(new_word_size);  // resize the block offset shared array
    Universe::heap()->barrier_set()->resize_covered_region(mr);
    // Hmmmm... why doesn't CFLS::set_end verify locking?
    // This is quite ugly; FIX ME XXX
3393
    _cmsSpace->assert_locked(freelistLock());
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    _cmsSpace->set_end((HeapWord*)_virtual_space.high());

    // update the space and generation capacity counters
    if (UsePerfData) {
      _space_counters->update_capacity();
      _gen_counters->update_all();
    }

    if (Verbose && PrintGC) {
      size_t new_mem_size = _virtual_space.committed_size();
      size_t old_mem_size = new_mem_size - bytes;
3405
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Expanding %s from " SIZE_FORMAT "K by " SIZE_FORMAT "K to " SIZE_FORMAT "K",
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                    name(), old_mem_size/K, bytes/K, new_mem_size/K);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::grow_to_reserved() {
  assert_locked_or_safepoint(Heap_lock);
  bool success = true;
  const size_t remaining_bytes = _virtual_space.uncommitted_size();
  if (remaining_bytes > 0) {
    success = grow_by(remaining_bytes);
    DEBUG_ONLY(if (!success) warning("grow to reserved failed");)
  }
  return success;
}

3423
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::shrink_free_list_by(size_t bytes) {
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  assert_locked_or_safepoint(Heap_lock);
  assert_lock_strong(freelistLock());
3426 3427 3428
  if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
    warning("Shrinking of CMS not yet implemented");
  }
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  return;
}


// Simple ctor/dtor wrapper for accounting & timer chores around concurrent
// phases.
class CMSPhaseAccounting: public StackObj {
 public:
  CMSPhaseAccounting(CMSCollector *collector,
                     const char *phase,
                     bool print_cr = true);
  ~CMSPhaseAccounting();

 private:
  CMSCollector *_collector;
  const char *_phase;
  elapsedTimer _wallclock;
  bool _print_cr;

 public:
  // Not MT-safe; so do not pass around these StackObj's
  // where they may be accessed by other threads.
  jlong wallclock_millis() {
    assert(_wallclock.is_active(), "Wall clock should not stop");
    _wallclock.stop();  // to record time
    jlong ret = _wallclock.milliseconds();
    _wallclock.start(); // restart
    return ret;
  }
};

CMSPhaseAccounting::CMSPhaseAccounting(CMSCollector *collector,
                                       const char *phase,
                                       bool print_cr) :
  _collector(collector), _phase(phase), _print_cr(print_cr) {

  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _collector->resetYields();
  }
3468
  if (PrintGCDetails) {
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    gclog_or_tty->date_stamp(PrintGCDateStamps);
3470 3471
    gclog_or_tty->stamp(PrintGCTimeStamps);
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("[%s-concurrent-%s-start]",
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      _collector->cmsGen()->short_name(), _phase);
  }
  _collector->resetTimer();
  _wallclock.start();
  _collector->startTimer();
}

CMSPhaseAccounting::~CMSPhaseAccounting() {
  assert(_wallclock.is_active(), "Wall clock should not have stopped");
  _collector->stopTimer();
  _wallclock.stop();
  if (PrintGCDetails) {
    gclog_or_tty->date_stamp(PrintGCDateStamps);
3485
    gclog_or_tty->stamp(PrintGCTimeStamps);
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    gclog_or_tty->print("[%s-concurrent-%s: %3.3f/%3.3f secs]",
                 _collector->cmsGen()->short_name(),
                 _phase, _collector->timerValue(), _wallclock.seconds());
    if (_print_cr) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("");
    }
    if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" (CMS-concurrent-%s yielded %d times)", _phase,
                    _collector->yields());
    }
  }
}

// CMS work

// Checkpoint the roots into this generation from outside
// this generation. [Note this initial checkpoint need only
// be approximate -- we'll do a catch up phase subsequently.]
void CMSCollector::checkpointRootsInitial(bool asynch) {
  assert(_collectorState == InitialMarking, "Wrong collector state");
  check_correct_thread_executing();
3507
  TraceCMSMemoryManagerStats tms(_collectorState,GenCollectedHeap::heap()->gc_cause());
3508

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  ReferenceProcessor* rp = ref_processor();
  SpecializationStats::clear();
  assert(_restart_addr == NULL, "Control point invariant");
  if (asynch) {
    // acquire locks for subsequent manipulations
    MutexLockerEx x(bitMapLock(),
                    Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    checkpointRootsInitialWork(asynch);
3517 3518
    // enable ("weak") refs discovery
    rp->enable_discovery(true /*verify_disabled*/, true /*check_no_refs*/);
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    _collectorState = Marking;
  } else {
    // (Weak) Refs discovery: this is controlled from genCollectedHeap::do_collection
    // which recognizes if we are a CMS generation, and doesn't try to turn on
    // discovery; verify that they aren't meddling.
    assert(!rp->discovery_is_atomic(),
           "incorrect setting of discovery predicate");
    assert(!rp->discovery_enabled(), "genCollectedHeap shouldn't control "
           "ref discovery for this generation kind");
    // already have locks
    checkpointRootsInitialWork(asynch);
3530 3531
    // now enable ("weak") refs discovery
    rp->enable_discovery(true /*verify_disabled*/, false /*verify_no_refs*/);
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    _collectorState = Marking;
  }
  SpecializationStats::print();
}

void CMSCollector::checkpointRootsInitialWork(bool asynch) {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "world should be stopped");
  assert(_collectorState == InitialMarking, "just checking");

  // If there has not been a GC[n-1] since last GC[n] cycle completed,
  // precede our marking with a collection of all
  // younger generations to keep floating garbage to a minimum.
  // XXX: we won't do this for now -- it's an optimization to be done later.

  // already have locks
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());
  assert(_markBitMap.isAllClear(), "was reset at end of previous cycle");

  // Setup the verification and class unloading state for this
  // CMS collection cycle.
  setup_cms_unloading_and_verification_state();

  NOT_PRODUCT(TraceTime t("\ncheckpointRootsInitialWork",
    PrintGCDetails && Verbose, true, gclog_or_tty);)
  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
    size_policy()->checkpoint_roots_initial_begin();
  }

  // Reset all the PLAB chunk arrays if necessary.
  if (_survivor_plab_array != NULL && !CMSPLABRecordAlways) {
    reset_survivor_plab_arrays();
  }

  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark  hm;

  FalseClosure falseClosure;
  // In the case of a synchronous collection, we will elide the
  // remark step, so it's important to catch all the nmethod oops
3571 3572 3573 3574
  // in this step.
  // The final 'true' flag to gen_process_strong_roots will ensure this.
  // If 'async' is true, we can relax the nmethod tracing.
  MarkRefsIntoClosure notOlder(_span, &_markBitMap);
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  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();

  gch->ensure_parsability(false);  // fill TLABs, but no need to retire them
  // Update the saved marks which may affect the root scans.
  gch->save_marks();

  // weak reference processing has not started yet.
  ref_processor()->set_enqueuing_is_done(false);

3587 3588 3589 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 3595
  // Need to remember all newly created CLDs,
  // so that we can guarantee that the remark finds them.
  ClassLoaderDataGraph::remember_new_clds(true);

  // Whenever a CLD is found, it will be claimed before proceeding to mark
  // the klasses. The claimed marks need to be cleared before marking starts.
  ClassLoaderDataGraph::clear_claimed_marks();

  CMKlassClosure klass_closure(&notOlder);
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  {
    COMPILER2_PRESENT(DerivedPointerTableDeactivate dpt_deact;)
    gch->rem_set()->prepare_for_younger_refs_iterate(false); // Not parallel.
    gch->gen_process_strong_roots(_cmsGen->level(),
                                  true,   // younger gens are roots
3601
                                  true,   // activate StrongRootsScope
3602
                                  false,  // not scavenging
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                                  SharedHeap::ScanningOption(roots_scanning_options()),
3604 3605
                                  &notOlder,
                                  true,   // walk all of code cache if (so & SO_CodeCache)
3606 3607
                                  NULL,
                                  &klass_closure);
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  }

  // Clear mod-union table; it will be dirtied in the prologue of
  // CMS generation per each younger generation collection.

  assert(_modUnionTable.isAllClear(),
       "Was cleared in most recent final checkpoint phase"
       " or no bits are set in the gc_prologue before the start of the next "
       "subsequent marking phase.");

3618 3619
  assert(_ct->klass_rem_set()->mod_union_is_clear(), "Must be");

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  // Save the end of the used_region of the constituent generations
  // to be used to limit the extent of sweep in each generation.
  save_sweep_limits();
  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
    size_policy()->checkpoint_roots_initial_end(gch->gc_cause());
  }
  verify_overflow_empty();
}

bool CMSCollector::markFromRoots(bool asynch) {
  // we might be tempted to assert that:
  // assert(asynch == !SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
  //        "inconsistent argument?");
  // However that wouldn't be right, because it's possible that
  // a safepoint is indeed in progress as a younger generation
  // stop-the-world GC happens even as we mark in this generation.
  assert(_collectorState == Marking, "inconsistent state?");
  check_correct_thread_executing();
  verify_overflow_empty();

  bool res;
  if (asynch) {

    // Start the timers for adaptive size policy for the concurrent phases
    // Do it here so that the foreground MS can use the concurrent
    // timer since a foreground MS might has the sweep done concurrently
    // or STW.
    if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
      size_policy()->concurrent_marking_begin();
    }

    // Weak ref discovery note: We may be discovering weak
    // refs in this generation concurrent (but interleaved) with
    // weak ref discovery by a younger generation collector.

    CMSTokenSyncWithLocks ts(true, bitMapLock());
    TraceCPUTime tcpu(PrintGCDetails, true, gclog_or_tty);
    CMSPhaseAccounting pa(this, "mark", !PrintGCDetails);
    res = markFromRootsWork(asynch);
    if (res) {
      _collectorState = Precleaning;
    } else { // We failed and a foreground collection wants to take over
      assert(_foregroundGCIsActive, "internal state inconsistency");
      assert(_restart_addr == NULL,  "foreground will restart from scratch");
      if (PrintGCDetails) {
        gclog_or_tty->print_cr("bailing out to foreground collection");
      }
    }
    if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
      size_policy()->concurrent_marking_end();
    }
  } else {
    assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
           "inconsistent with asynch == false");
    if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
      size_policy()->ms_collection_marking_begin();
    }
    // already have locks
    res = markFromRootsWork(asynch);
    _collectorState = FinalMarking;
    if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
      GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
      size_policy()->ms_collection_marking_end(gch->gc_cause());
    }
  }
  verify_overflow_empty();
  return res;
}

bool CMSCollector::markFromRootsWork(bool asynch) {
  // iterate over marked bits in bit map, doing a full scan and mark
  // from these roots using the following algorithm:
  // . if oop is to the right of the current scan pointer,
  //   mark corresponding bit (we'll process it later)
  // . else (oop is to left of current scan pointer)
  //   push oop on marking stack
  // . drain the marking stack

  // Note that when we do a marking step we need to hold the
  // bit map lock -- recall that direct allocation (by mutators)
  // and promotion (by younger generation collectors) is also
  // marking the bit map. [the so-called allocate live policy.]
  // Because the implementation of bit map marking is not
  // robust wrt simultaneous marking of bits in the same word,
  // we need to make sure that there is no such interference
  // between concurrent such updates.

  // already have locks
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());

  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();
  bool result = false;
3713
  if (CMSConcurrentMTEnabled && ConcGCThreads > 0) {
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    result = do_marking_mt(asynch);
  } else {
    result = do_marking_st(asynch);
  }
  return result;
}

// Forward decl
class CMSConcMarkingTask;

class CMSConcMarkingTerminator: public ParallelTaskTerminator {
  CMSCollector*       _collector;
  CMSConcMarkingTask* _task;
 public:
3728 3729
  virtual void yield();

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  // "n_threads" is the number of threads to be terminated.
  // "queue_set" is a set of work queues of other threads.
  // "collector" is the CMS collector associated with this task terminator.
  // "yield" indicates whether we need the gang as a whole to yield.
3734
  CMSConcMarkingTerminator(int n_threads, TaskQueueSetSuper* queue_set, CMSCollector* collector) :
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    ParallelTaskTerminator(n_threads, queue_set),
3736 3737 3738 3739 3740 3741
    _collector(collector) { }

  void set_task(CMSConcMarkingTask* task) {
    _task = task;
  }
};
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3743 3744 3745 3746
class CMSConcMarkingTerminatorTerminator: public TerminatorTerminator {
  CMSConcMarkingTask* _task;
 public:
  bool should_exit_termination();
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  void set_task(CMSConcMarkingTask* task) {
    _task = task;
  }
};

// MT Concurrent Marking Task
class CMSConcMarkingTask: public YieldingFlexibleGangTask {
  CMSCollector* _collector;
  int           _n_workers;                  // requested/desired # workers
  bool          _asynch;
  bool          _result;
  CompactibleFreeListSpace*  _cms_space;
3759 3760 3761
  char          _pad_front[64];   // padding to ...
  HeapWord*     _global_finger;   // ... avoid sharing cache line
  char          _pad_back[64];
3762
  HeapWord*     _restart_addr;
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  //  Exposed here for yielding support
  Mutex* const _bit_map_lock;

  // The per thread work queues, available here for stealing
  OopTaskQueueSet*  _task_queues;
3769 3770

  // Termination (and yielding) support
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  CMSConcMarkingTerminator _term;
3772
  CMSConcMarkingTerminatorTerminator _term_term;
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 public:
  CMSConcMarkingTask(CMSCollector* collector,
                 CompactibleFreeListSpace* cms_space,
3777
                 bool asynch,
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                 YieldingFlexibleWorkGang* workers,
                 OopTaskQueueSet* task_queues):
    YieldingFlexibleGangTask("Concurrent marking done multi-threaded"),
    _collector(collector),
    _cms_space(cms_space),
3783 3784
    _asynch(asynch), _n_workers(0), _result(true),
    _task_queues(task_queues),
3785
    _term(_n_workers, task_queues, _collector),
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    _bit_map_lock(collector->bitMapLock())
  {
3788
    _requested_size = _n_workers;
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    _term.set_task(this);
3790
    _term_term.set_task(this);
3791
    _restart_addr = _global_finger = _cms_space->bottom();
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  }


  OopTaskQueueSet* task_queues()  { return _task_queues; }

  OopTaskQueue* work_queue(int i) { return task_queues()->queue(i); }

  HeapWord** global_finger_addr() { return &_global_finger; }

  CMSConcMarkingTerminator* terminator() { return &_term; }

3803 3804 3805 3806
  virtual void set_for_termination(int active_workers) {
    terminator()->reset_for_reuse(active_workers);
  }

3807
  void work(uint worker_id);
3808 3809 3810 3811 3812
  bool should_yield() {
    return    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield()
           && !_collector->foregroundGCIsActive()
           && _asynch;
  }
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  virtual void coordinator_yield();  // stuff done by coordinator
  bool result() { return _result; }

  void reset(HeapWord* ra) {
3818 3819
    assert(_global_finger >= _cms_space->end(),  "Postcondition of ::work(i)");
    _restart_addr = _global_finger = ra;
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    _term.reset_for_reuse();
  }

  static bool get_work_from_overflow_stack(CMSMarkStack* ovflw_stk,
                                           OopTaskQueue* work_q);

 private:
  void do_scan_and_mark(int i, CompactibleFreeListSpace* sp);
  void do_work_steal(int i);
  void bump_global_finger(HeapWord* f);
};

3832 3833 3834 3835 3836 3837 3838 3839 3840
bool CMSConcMarkingTerminatorTerminator::should_exit_termination() {
  assert(_task != NULL, "Error");
  return _task->yielding();
  // Note that we do not need the disjunct || _task->should_yield() above
  // because we want terminating threads to yield only if the task
  // is already in the midst of yielding, which happens only after at least one
  // thread has yielded.
}

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void CMSConcMarkingTerminator::yield() {
3842
  if (_task->should_yield()) {
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    _task->yield();
  } else {
    ParallelTaskTerminator::yield();
  }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Concurrent Marking Algorithm Sketch
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Until all tasks exhausted (both spaces):
// -- claim next available chunk
// -- bump global finger via CAS
// -- find first object that starts in this chunk
//    and start scanning bitmap from that position
// -- scan marked objects for oops
// -- CAS-mark target, and if successful:
//    . if target oop is above global finger (volatile read)
//      nothing to do
//    . if target oop is in chunk and above local finger
//        then nothing to do
//    . else push on work-queue
// -- Deal with possible overflow issues:
//    . local work-queue overflow causes stuff to be pushed on
//      global (common) overflow queue
//    . always first empty local work queue
//    . then get a batch of oops from global work queue if any
//    . then do work stealing
// -- When all tasks claimed (both spaces)
//    and local work queue empty,
//    then in a loop do:
//    . check global overflow stack; steal a batch of oops and trace
//    . try to steal from other threads oif GOS is empty
//    . if neither is available, offer termination
// -- Terminate and return result
//
3878
void CMSConcMarkingTask::work(uint worker_id) {
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  elapsedTimer _timer;
  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark hm;

  DEBUG_ONLY(_collector->verify_overflow_empty();)

  // Before we begin work, our work queue should be empty
3886
  assert(work_queue(worker_id)->size() == 0, "Expected to be empty");
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  // Scan the bitmap covering _cms_space, tracing through grey objects.
  _timer.start();
3889
  do_scan_and_mark(worker_id, _cms_space);
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  _timer.stop();
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Finished cms space scanning in %dth thread: %3.3f sec",
3893 3894
      worker_id, _timer.seconds());
      // XXX: need xxx/xxx type of notation, two timers
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  }

  // ... do work stealing
  _timer.reset();
  _timer.start();
3900
  do_work_steal(worker_id);
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  _timer.stop();
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Finished work stealing in %dth thread: %3.3f sec",
3904 3905
      worker_id, _timer.seconds());
      // XXX: need xxx/xxx type of notation, two timers
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  }
  assert(_collector->_markStack.isEmpty(), "Should have been emptied");
3908
  assert(work_queue(worker_id)->size() == 0, "Should have been emptied");
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  // Note that under the current task protocol, the
  // following assertion is true even of the spaces
  // expanded since the completion of the concurrent
  // marking. XXX This will likely change under a strict
  // ABORT semantics.
3914 3915 3916 3917 3918 3919
  // After perm removal the comparison was changed to
  // greater than or equal to from strictly greater than.
  // Before perm removal the highest address sweep would
  // have been at the end of perm gen but now is at the
  // end of the tenured gen.
  assert(_global_finger >=  _cms_space->end(),
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         "All tasks have been completed");
  DEBUG_ONLY(_collector->verify_overflow_empty();)
}

void CMSConcMarkingTask::bump_global_finger(HeapWord* f) {
  HeapWord* read = _global_finger;
  HeapWord* cur  = read;
  while (f > read) {
    cur = read;
    read = (HeapWord*) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(f, &_global_finger, cur);
    if (cur == read) {
      // our cas succeeded
      assert(_global_finger >= f, "protocol consistency");
      break;
    }
  }
}

// This is really inefficient, and should be redone by
// using (not yet available) block-read and -write interfaces to the
// stack and the work_queue. XXX FIX ME !!!
bool CMSConcMarkingTask::get_work_from_overflow_stack(CMSMarkStack* ovflw_stk,
                                                      OopTaskQueue* work_q) {
  // Fast lock-free check
  if (ovflw_stk->length() == 0) {
    return false;
  }
  assert(work_q->size() == 0, "Shouldn't steal");
  MutexLockerEx ml(ovflw_stk->par_lock(),
                   Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  // Grab up to 1/4 the size of the work queue
3951
  size_t num = MIN2((size_t)(work_q->max_elems() - work_q->size())/4,
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                    (size_t)ParGCDesiredObjsFromOverflowList);
  num = MIN2(num, ovflw_stk->length());
  for (int i = (int) num; i > 0; i--) {
    oop cur = ovflw_stk->pop();
    assert(cur != NULL, "Counted wrong?");
    work_q->push(cur);
  }
  return num > 0;
}

void CMSConcMarkingTask::do_scan_and_mark(int i, CompactibleFreeListSpace* sp) {
  SequentialSubTasksDone* pst = sp->conc_par_seq_tasks();
  int n_tasks = pst->n_tasks();
  // We allow that there may be no tasks to do here because
  // we are restarting after a stack overflow.
3967
  assert(pst->valid() || n_tasks == 0, "Uninitialized use?");
3968
  uint nth_task = 0;
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3970 3971 3972 3973 3974 3975 3976 3977 3978
  HeapWord* aligned_start = sp->bottom();
  if (sp->used_region().contains(_restart_addr)) {
    // Align down to a card boundary for the start of 0th task
    // for this space.
    aligned_start =
      (HeapWord*)align_size_down((uintptr_t)_restart_addr,
                                 CardTableModRefBS::card_size);
  }

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  size_t chunk_size = sp->marking_task_size();
  while (!pst->is_task_claimed(/* reference */ nth_task)) {
    // Having claimed the nth task in this space,
    // compute the chunk that it corresponds to:
3983 3984
    MemRegion span = MemRegion(aligned_start + nth_task*chunk_size,
                               aligned_start + (nth_task+1)*chunk_size);
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    // Try and bump the global finger via a CAS;
    // note that we need to do the global finger bump
    // _before_ taking the intersection below, because
    // the task corresponding to that region will be
    // deemed done even if the used_region() expands
    // because of allocation -- as it almost certainly will
    // during start-up while the threads yield in the
    // closure below.
    HeapWord* finger = span.end();
    bump_global_finger(finger);   // atomically
    // There are null tasks here corresponding to chunks
    // beyond the "top" address of the space.
    span = span.intersection(sp->used_region());
    if (!span.is_empty()) {  // Non-null task
3999 4000 4001 4002 4003 4004 4005 4006 4007
      HeapWord* prev_obj;
      assert(!span.contains(_restart_addr) || nth_task == 0,
             "Inconsistency");
      if (nth_task == 0) {
        // For the 0th task, we'll not need to compute a block_start.
        if (span.contains(_restart_addr)) {
          // In the case of a restart because of stack overflow,
          // we might additionally skip a chunk prefix.
          prev_obj = _restart_addr;
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        } else {
4009 4010 4011 4012 4013 4014 4015 4016 4017 4018 4019 4020 4021 4022 4023 4024 4025 4026 4027 4028 4029 4030 4031 4032
          prev_obj = span.start();
        }
      } else {
        // We want to skip the first object because
        // the protocol is to scan any object in its entirety
        // that _starts_ in this span; a fortiori, any
        // object starting in an earlier span is scanned
        // as part of an earlier claimed task.
        // Below we use the "careful" version of block_start
        // so we do not try to navigate uninitialized objects.
        prev_obj = sp->block_start_careful(span.start());
        // Below we use a variant of block_size that uses the
        // Printezis bits to avoid waiting for allocated
        // objects to become initialized/parsable.
        while (prev_obj < span.start()) {
          size_t sz = sp->block_size_no_stall(prev_obj, _collector);
          if (sz > 0) {
            prev_obj += sz;
          } else {
            // In this case we may end up doing a bit of redundant
            // scanning, but that appears unavoidable, short of
            // locking the free list locks; see bug 6324141.
            break;
          }
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        }
      }
      if (prev_obj < span.end()) {
        MemRegion my_span = MemRegion(prev_obj, span.end());
        // Do the marking work within a non-empty span --
        // the last argument to the constructor indicates whether the
        // iteration should be incremental with periodic yields.
        Par_MarkFromRootsClosure cl(this, _collector, my_span,
                                    &_collector->_markBitMap,
                                    work_queue(i),
                                    &_collector->_markStack,
                                    _asynch);
        _collector->_markBitMap.iterate(&cl, my_span.start(), my_span.end());
      } // else nothing to do for this task
    }   // else nothing to do for this task
  }
  // We'd be tempted to assert here that since there are no
  // more tasks left to claim in this space, the global_finger
  // must exceed space->top() and a fortiori space->end(). However,
  // that would not quite be correct because the bumping of
  // global_finger occurs strictly after the claiming of a task,
  // so by the time we reach here the global finger may not yet
  // have been bumped up by the thread that claimed the last
  // task.
  pst->all_tasks_completed();
}

4060
class Par_ConcMarkingClosure: public CMSOopClosure {
4061
 private:
4062
  CMSCollector* _collector;
4063
  CMSConcMarkingTask* _task;
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4064 4065 4066 4067
  MemRegion     _span;
  CMSBitMap*    _bit_map;
  CMSMarkStack* _overflow_stack;
  OopTaskQueue* _work_queue;
4068 4069
 protected:
  DO_OOP_WORK_DEFN
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 public:
4071
  Par_ConcMarkingClosure(CMSCollector* collector, CMSConcMarkingTask* task, OopTaskQueue* work_queue,
4072 4073 4074
                         CMSBitMap* bit_map, CMSMarkStack* overflow_stack):
    CMSOopClosure(collector->ref_processor()),
    _collector(collector),
4075 4076
    _task(task),
    _span(collector->_span),
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4077 4078
    _work_queue(work_queue),
    _bit_map(bit_map),
4079 4080
    _overflow_stack(overflow_stack)
  { }
4081 4082
  virtual void do_oop(oop* p);
  virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p);
4083

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4084 4085
  void trim_queue(size_t max);
  void handle_stack_overflow(HeapWord* lost);
4086 4087 4088 4089 4090
  void do_yield_check() {
    if (_task->should_yield()) {
      _task->yield();
    }
  }
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4091 4092
};

4093 4094 4095 4096 4097 4098
// Grey object scanning during work stealing phase --
// the salient assumption here is that any references
// that are in these stolen objects being scanned must
// already have been initialized (else they would not have
// been published), so we do not need to check for
// uninitialized objects before pushing here.
4099
void Par_ConcMarkingClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
4100
  assert(obj->is_oop_or_null(true), "expected an oop or NULL");
4101
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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4102 4103 4104 4105 4106 4107 4108 4109 4110 4111 4112 4113 4114 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119
  // Check if oop points into the CMS generation
  // and is not marked
  if (_span.contains(addr) && !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
    // a white object ...
    // If we manage to "claim" the object, by being the
    // first thread to mark it, then we push it on our
    // marking stack
    if (_bit_map->par_mark(addr)) {     // ... now grey
      // push on work queue (grey set)
      bool simulate_overflow = false;
      NOT_PRODUCT(
        if (CMSMarkStackOverflowALot &&
            _collector->simulate_overflow()) {
          // simulate a stack overflow
          simulate_overflow = true;
        }
      )
      if (simulate_overflow ||
4120
          !(_work_queue->push(obj) || _overflow_stack->par_push(obj))) {
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4121 4122 4123 4124 4125 4126 4127 4128 4129 4130 4131 4132 4133
        // stack overflow
        if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS marking stack overflow (benign) at "
                                 SIZE_FORMAT, _overflow_stack->capacity());
        }
        // We cannot assert that the overflow stack is full because
        // it may have been emptied since.
        assert(simulate_overflow ||
               _work_queue->size() == _work_queue->max_elems(),
              "Else push should have succeeded");
        handle_stack_overflow(addr);
      }
    } // Else, some other thread got there first
4134
    do_yield_check();
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4135 4136 4137
  }
}

4138 4139 4140
void Par_ConcMarkingClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { Par_ConcMarkingClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void Par_ConcMarkingClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { Par_ConcMarkingClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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4141 4142 4143 4144 4145 4146 4147 4148
void Par_ConcMarkingClosure::trim_queue(size_t max) {
  while (_work_queue->size() > max) {
    oop new_oop;
    if (_work_queue->pop_local(new_oop)) {
      assert(new_oop->is_oop(), "Should be an oop");
      assert(_bit_map->isMarked((HeapWord*)new_oop), "Grey object");
      assert(_span.contains((HeapWord*)new_oop), "Not in span");
      new_oop->oop_iterate(this);  // do_oop() above
4149
      do_yield_check();
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    }
  }
}

// Upon stack overflow, we discard (part of) the stack,
// remembering the least address amongst those discarded
// in CMSCollector's _restart_address.
void Par_ConcMarkingClosure::handle_stack_overflow(HeapWord* lost) {
  // We need to do this under a mutex to prevent other
4159
  // workers from interfering with the work done below.
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  MutexLockerEx ml(_overflow_stack->par_lock(),
                   Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  // Remember the least grey address discarded
  HeapWord* ra = (HeapWord*)_overflow_stack->least_value(lost);
  _collector->lower_restart_addr(ra);
  _overflow_stack->reset();  // discard stack contents
  _overflow_stack->expand(); // expand the stack if possible
}


void CMSConcMarkingTask::do_work_steal(int i) {
  OopTaskQueue* work_q = work_queue(i);
  oop obj_to_scan;
  CMSBitMap* bm = &(_collector->_markBitMap);
  CMSMarkStack* ovflw = &(_collector->_markStack);
  int* seed = _collector->hash_seed(i);
4176
  Par_ConcMarkingClosure cl(_collector, this, work_q, bm, ovflw);
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  while (true) {
    cl.trim_queue(0);
    assert(work_q->size() == 0, "Should have been emptied above");
    if (get_work_from_overflow_stack(ovflw, work_q)) {
      // Can't assert below because the work obtained from the
      // overflow stack may already have been stolen from us.
      // assert(work_q->size() > 0, "Work from overflow stack");
      continue;
    } else if (task_queues()->steal(i, seed, /* reference */ obj_to_scan)) {
      assert(obj_to_scan->is_oop(), "Should be an oop");
      assert(bm->isMarked((HeapWord*)obj_to_scan), "Grey object");
      obj_to_scan->oop_iterate(&cl);
4189
    } else if (terminator()->offer_termination(&_term_term)) {
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      assert(work_q->size() == 0, "Impossible!");
      break;
4192 4193
    } else if (yielding() || should_yield()) {
      yield();
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    }
  }
}

// This is run by the CMS (coordinator) thread.
void CMSConcMarkingTask::coordinator_yield() {
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "CMS thread should hold CMS token");
  // First give up the locks, then yield, then re-lock
  // We should probably use a constructor/destructor idiom to
  // do this unlock/lock or modify the MutexUnlocker class to
  // serve our purpose. XXX
  assert_lock_strong(_bit_map_lock);
  _bit_map_lock->unlock();
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(true);
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  _collector->stopTimer();
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _collector->incrementYields();
  }
  _collector->icms_wait();

  // It is possible for whichever thread initiated the yield request
  // not to get a chance to wake up and take the bitmap lock between
  // this thread releasing it and reacquiring it. So, while the
  // should_yield() flag is on, let's sleep for a bit to give the
  // other thread a chance to wake up. The limit imposed on the number
  // of iterations is defensive, to avoid any unforseen circumstances
  // putting us into an infinite loop. Since it's always been this
  // (coordinator_yield()) method that was observed to cause the
  // problem, we are using a parameter (CMSCoordinatorYieldSleepCount)
  // which is by default non-zero. For the other seven methods that
  // also perform the yield operation, as are using a different
  // parameter (CMSYieldSleepCount) which is by default zero. This way we
  // can enable the sleeping for those methods too, if necessary.
  // See 6442774.
  //
  // We really need to reconsider the synchronization between the GC
  // thread and the yield-requesting threads in the future and we
  // should really use wait/notify, which is the recommended
  // way of doing this type of interaction. Additionally, we should
  // consolidate the eight methods that do the yield operation and they
  // are almost identical into one for better maintenability and
  // readability. See 6445193.
  //
  // Tony 2006.06.29
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < CMSCoordinatorYieldSleepCount &&
4241 4242
                   ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
                   !CMSCollector::foregroundGCIsActive(); ++i) {
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    os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  }

  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(true);
  _bit_map_lock->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  _collector->startTimer();
}

bool CMSCollector::do_marking_mt(bool asynch) {
4253
  assert(ConcGCThreads > 0 && conc_workers() != NULL, "precondition");
4254 4255 4256 4257 4258
  int num_workers = AdaptiveSizePolicy::calc_active_conc_workers(
                                       conc_workers()->total_workers(),
                                       conc_workers()->active_workers(),
                                       Threads::number_of_non_daemon_threads());
  conc_workers()->set_active_workers(num_workers);
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  CompactibleFreeListSpace* cms_space  = _cmsGen->cmsSpace();

4262 4263 4264 4265 4266
  CMSConcMarkingTask tsk(this,
                         cms_space,
                         asynch,
                         conc_workers(),
                         task_queues());
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  // Since the actual number of workers we get may be different
  // from the number we requested above, do we need to do anything different
  // below? In particular, may be we need to subclass the SequantialSubTasksDone
  // class?? XXX
  cms_space ->initialize_sequential_subtasks_for_marking(num_workers);

  // Refs discovery is already non-atomic.
  assert(!ref_processor()->discovery_is_atomic(), "Should be non-atomic");
4276
  assert(ref_processor()->discovery_is_mt(), "Discovery should be MT");
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  conc_workers()->start_task(&tsk);
  while (tsk.yielded()) {
    tsk.coordinator_yield();
    conc_workers()->continue_task(&tsk);
  }
  // If the task was aborted, _restart_addr will be non-NULL
  assert(tsk.completed() || _restart_addr != NULL, "Inconsistency");
  while (_restart_addr != NULL) {
    // XXX For now we do not make use of ABORTED state and have not
    // yet implemented the right abort semantics (even in the original
    // single-threaded CMS case). That needs some more investigation
    // and is deferred for now; see CR# TBF. 07252005YSR. XXX
    assert(!CMSAbortSemantics || tsk.aborted(), "Inconsistency");
    // If _restart_addr is non-NULL, a marking stack overflow
T
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    // occurred; we need to do a fresh marking iteration from the
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    // indicated restart address.
    if (_foregroundGCIsActive && asynch) {
      // We may be running into repeated stack overflows, having
      // reached the limit of the stack size, while making very
      // slow forward progress. It may be best to bail out and
      // let the foreground collector do its job.
      // Clear _restart_addr, so that foreground GC
      // works from scratch. This avoids the headache of
      // a "rescan" which would otherwise be needed because
      // of the dirty mod union table & card table.
      _restart_addr = NULL;
      return false;
    }
    // Adjust the task to restart from _restart_addr
    tsk.reset(_restart_addr);
    cms_space ->initialize_sequential_subtasks_for_marking(num_workers,
                  _restart_addr);
    _restart_addr = NULL;
    // Get the workers going again
    conc_workers()->start_task(&tsk);
    while (tsk.yielded()) {
      tsk.coordinator_yield();
      conc_workers()->continue_task(&tsk);
    }
  }
  assert(tsk.completed(), "Inconsistency");
  assert(tsk.result() == true, "Inconsistency");
  return true;
}

bool CMSCollector::do_marking_st(bool asynch) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;

4326 4327
  // Temporarily make refs discovery single threaded (non-MT)
  ReferenceProcessorMTDiscoveryMutator rp_mut_discovery(ref_processor(), false);
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  MarkFromRootsClosure markFromRootsClosure(this, _span, &_markBitMap,
4329
    &_markStack, CMSYield && asynch);
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  // the last argument to iterate indicates whether the iteration
  // should be incremental with periodic yields.
  _markBitMap.iterate(&markFromRootsClosure);
  // If _restart_addr is non-NULL, a marking stack overflow
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  // occurred; we need to do a fresh iteration from the
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  // indicated restart address.
  while (_restart_addr != NULL) {
    if (_foregroundGCIsActive && asynch) {
      // We may be running into repeated stack overflows, having
      // reached the limit of the stack size, while making very
      // slow forward progress. It may be best to bail out and
      // let the foreground collector do its job.
      // Clear _restart_addr, so that foreground GC
      // works from scratch. This avoids the headache of
      // a "rescan" which would otherwise be needed because
      // of the dirty mod union table & card table.
      _restart_addr = NULL;
      return false;  // indicating failure to complete marking
    }
    // Deal with stack overflow:
    // we restart marking from _restart_addr
    HeapWord* ra = _restart_addr;
    markFromRootsClosure.reset(ra);
    _restart_addr = NULL;
    _markBitMap.iterate(&markFromRootsClosure, ra, _span.end());
  }
  return true;
}

void CMSCollector::preclean() {
  check_correct_thread_executing();
  assert(Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread(), "Wrong thread");
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();
  _abort_preclean = false;
  if (CMSPrecleaningEnabled) {
    _eden_chunk_index = 0;
    size_t used = get_eden_used();
    size_t capacity = get_eden_capacity();
    // Don't start sampling unless we will get sufficiently
    // many samples.
    if (used < (capacity/(CMSScheduleRemarkSamplingRatio * 100)
                * CMSScheduleRemarkEdenPenetration)) {
      _start_sampling = true;
    } else {
      _start_sampling = false;
    }
    TraceCPUTime tcpu(PrintGCDetails, true, gclog_or_tty);
    CMSPhaseAccounting pa(this, "preclean", !PrintGCDetails);
    preclean_work(CMSPrecleanRefLists1, CMSPrecleanSurvivors1);
  }
  CMSTokenSync x(true); // is cms thread
  if (CMSPrecleaningEnabled) {
    sample_eden();
    _collectorState = AbortablePreclean;
  } else {
    _collectorState = FinalMarking;
  }
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();
}

// Try and schedule the remark such that young gen
// occupancy is CMSScheduleRemarkEdenPenetration %.
void CMSCollector::abortable_preclean() {
  check_correct_thread_executing();
  assert(CMSPrecleaningEnabled,  "Inconsistent control state");
  assert(_collectorState == AbortablePreclean, "Inconsistent control state");

  // If Eden's current occupancy is below this threshold,
  // immediately schedule the remark; else preclean
  // past the next scavenge in an effort to
  // schedule the pause as described avove. By choosing
  // CMSScheduleRemarkEdenSizeThreshold >= max eden size
  // we will never do an actual abortable preclean cycle.
  if (get_eden_used() > CMSScheduleRemarkEdenSizeThreshold) {
    TraceCPUTime tcpu(PrintGCDetails, true, gclog_or_tty);
    CMSPhaseAccounting pa(this, "abortable-preclean", !PrintGCDetails);
    // We need more smarts in the abortable preclean
    // loop below to deal with cases where allocation
    // in young gen is very very slow, and our precleaning
    // is running a losing race against a horde of
    // mutators intent on flooding us with CMS updates
    // (dirty cards).
    // One, admittedly dumb, strategy is to give up
    // after a certain number of abortable precleaning loops
    // or after a certain maximum time. We want to make
    // this smarter in the next iteration.
    // XXX FIX ME!!! YSR
    size_t loops = 0, workdone = 0, cumworkdone = 0, waited = 0;
    while (!(should_abort_preclean() ||
             ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_terminate())) {
      workdone = preclean_work(CMSPrecleanRefLists2, CMSPrecleanSurvivors2);
      cumworkdone += workdone;
      loops++;
      // Voluntarily terminate abortable preclean phase if we have
      // been at it for too long.
      if ((CMSMaxAbortablePrecleanLoops != 0) &&
          loops >= CMSMaxAbortablePrecleanLoops) {
        if (PrintGCDetails) {
          gclog_or_tty->print(" CMS: abort preclean due to loops ");
        }
        break;
      }
      if (pa.wallclock_millis() > CMSMaxAbortablePrecleanTime) {
        if (PrintGCDetails) {
          gclog_or_tty->print(" CMS: abort preclean due to time ");
        }
        break;
      }
      // If we are doing little work each iteration, we should
      // take a short break.
      if (workdone < CMSAbortablePrecleanMinWorkPerIteration) {
        // Sleep for some time, waiting for work to accumulate
        stopTimer();
        cmsThread()->wait_on_cms_lock(CMSAbortablePrecleanWaitMillis);
        startTimer();
        waited++;
      }
    }
    if (PrintCMSStatistics > 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print(" [%d iterations, %d waits, %d cards)] ",
                          loops, waited, cumworkdone);
    }
  }
  CMSTokenSync x(true); // is cms thread
  if (_collectorState != Idling) {
    assert(_collectorState == AbortablePreclean,
           "Spontaneous state transition?");
    _collectorState = FinalMarking;
  } // Else, a foreground collection completed this CMS cycle.
  return;
}

// Respond to an Eden sampling opportunity
void CMSCollector::sample_eden() {
  // Make sure a young gc cannot sneak in between our
  // reading and recording of a sample.
  assert(Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread(),
         "Only the cms thread may collect Eden samples");
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "Should collect samples while holding CMS token");
  if (!_start_sampling) {
    return;
  }
  if (_eden_chunk_array) {
    if (_eden_chunk_index < _eden_chunk_capacity) {
      _eden_chunk_array[_eden_chunk_index] = *_top_addr;   // take sample
      assert(_eden_chunk_array[_eden_chunk_index] <= *_end_addr,
             "Unexpected state of Eden");
      // We'd like to check that what we just sampled is an oop-start address;
      // however, we cannot do that here since the object may not yet have been
      // initialized. So we'll instead do the check when we _use_ this sample
      // later.
      if (_eden_chunk_index == 0 ||
          (pointer_delta(_eden_chunk_array[_eden_chunk_index],
                         _eden_chunk_array[_eden_chunk_index-1])
           >= CMSSamplingGrain)) {
        _eden_chunk_index++;  // commit sample
      }
    }
  }
  if ((_collectorState == AbortablePreclean) && !_abort_preclean) {
    size_t used = get_eden_used();
    size_t capacity = get_eden_capacity();
    assert(used <= capacity, "Unexpected state of Eden");
    if (used >  (capacity/100 * CMSScheduleRemarkEdenPenetration)) {
      _abort_preclean = true;
    }
  }
}


size_t CMSCollector::preclean_work(bool clean_refs, bool clean_survivor) {
  assert(_collectorState == Precleaning ||
         _collectorState == AbortablePreclean, "incorrect state");
  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;
4508 4509 4510 4511 4512 4513

  // Precleaning is currently not MT but the reference processor
  // may be set for MT.  Disable it temporarily here.
  ReferenceProcessor* rp = ref_processor();
  ReferenceProcessorMTDiscoveryMutator rp_mut_discovery(rp, false);

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  // Do one pass of scrubbing the discovered reference lists
  // to remove any reference objects with strongly-reachable
  // referents.
  if (clean_refs) {
    CMSPrecleanRefsYieldClosure yield_cl(this);
    assert(rp->span().equals(_span), "Spans should be equal");
    CMSKeepAliveClosure keep_alive(this, _span, &_markBitMap,
4521
                                   &_markStack, true /* preclean */);
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    CMSDrainMarkingStackClosure complete_trace(this,
4523 4524
                                   _span, &_markBitMap, &_markStack,
                                   &keep_alive, true /* preclean */);
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    // We don't want this step to interfere with a young
    // collection because we don't want to take CPU
    // or memory bandwidth away from the young GC threads
    // (which may be as many as there are CPUs).
    // Note that we don't need to protect ourselves from
    // interference with mutators because they can't
    // manipulate the discovered reference lists nor affect
    // the computed reachability of the referents, the
    // only properties manipulated by the precleaning
    // of these reference lists.
    stopTimer();
    CMSTokenSyncWithLocks x(true /* is cms thread */,
                            bitMapLock());
    startTimer();
    sample_eden();
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    // The following will yield to allow foreground
    // collection to proceed promptly. XXX YSR:
    // The code in this method may need further
    // tweaking for better performance and some restructuring
    // for cleaner interfaces.
    rp->preclean_discovered_references(
4548
          rp->is_alive_non_header(), &keep_alive, &complete_trace, &yield_cl);
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  }

  if (clean_survivor) {  // preclean the active survivor space(s)
    assert(_young_gen->kind() == Generation::DefNew ||
           _young_gen->kind() == Generation::ParNew ||
           _young_gen->kind() == Generation::ASParNew,
         "incorrect type for cast");
    DefNewGeneration* dng = (DefNewGeneration*)_young_gen;
    PushAndMarkClosure pam_cl(this, _span, ref_processor(),
                             &_markBitMap, &_modUnionTable,
4559
                             &_markStack, true /* precleaning phase */);
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    stopTimer();
    CMSTokenSyncWithLocks ts(true /* is cms thread */,
                             bitMapLock());
    startTimer();
    unsigned int before_count =
      GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections();
    SurvivorSpacePrecleanClosure
      sss_cl(this, _span, &_markBitMap, &_markStack,
             &pam_cl, before_count, CMSYield);
    dng->from()->object_iterate_careful(&sss_cl);
    dng->to()->object_iterate_careful(&sss_cl);
  }
  MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure
    mrias_cl(_span, ref_processor(), &_markBitMap, &_modUnionTable,
4574
             &_markStack, this, CMSYield,
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             true /* precleaning phase */);
  // CAUTION: The following closure has persistent state that may need to
  // be reset upon a decrease in the sequence of addresses it
  // processes.
  ScanMarkedObjectsAgainCarefullyClosure
    smoac_cl(this, _span,
4581
      &_markBitMap, &_markStack, &mrias_cl, CMSYield);
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  // Preclean dirty cards in ModUnionTable and CardTable using
  // appropriate convergence criterion;
  // repeat CMSPrecleanIter times unless we find that
  // we are losing.
  assert(CMSPrecleanIter < 10, "CMSPrecleanIter is too large");
  assert(CMSPrecleanNumerator < CMSPrecleanDenominator,
         "Bad convergence multiplier");
  assert(CMSPrecleanThreshold >= 100,
         "Unreasonably low CMSPrecleanThreshold");

  size_t numIter, cumNumCards, lastNumCards, curNumCards;
  for (numIter = 0, cumNumCards = lastNumCards = curNumCards = 0;
       numIter < CMSPrecleanIter;
       numIter++, lastNumCards = curNumCards, cumNumCards += curNumCards) {
    curNumCards  = preclean_mod_union_table(_cmsGen, &smoac_cl);
    if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
      gclog_or_tty->print(" (modUnionTable: %d cards)", curNumCards);
    }
    // Either there are very few dirty cards, so re-mark
    // pause will be small anyway, or our pre-cleaning isn't
    // that much faster than the rate at which cards are being
    // dirtied, so we might as well stop and re-mark since
    // precleaning won't improve our re-mark time by much.
    if (curNumCards <= CMSPrecleanThreshold ||
        (numIter > 0 &&
         (curNumCards * CMSPrecleanDenominator >
         lastNumCards * CMSPrecleanNumerator))) {
      numIter++;
      cumNumCards += curNumCards;
      break;
    }
  }
4615 4616 4617

  preclean_klasses(&mrias_cl, _cmsGen->freelistLock());

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  curNumCards = preclean_card_table(_cmsGen, &smoac_cl);
  cumNumCards += curNumCards;
  if (PrintGCDetails && PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" (cardTable: %d cards, re-scanned %d cards, %d iterations)",
                  curNumCards, cumNumCards, numIter);
  }
  return cumNumCards;   // as a measure of useful work done
}

// PRECLEANING NOTES:
// Precleaning involves:
// . reading the bits of the modUnionTable and clearing the set bits.
// . For the cards corresponding to the set bits, we scan the
//   objects on those cards. This means we need the free_list_lock
//   so that we can safely iterate over the CMS space when scanning
//   for oops.
// . When we scan the objects, we'll be both reading and setting
//   marks in the marking bit map, so we'll need the marking bit map.
// . For protecting _collector_state transitions, we take the CGC_lock.
//   Note that any races in the reading of of card table entries by the
//   CMS thread on the one hand and the clearing of those entries by the
//   VM thread or the setting of those entries by the mutator threads on the
//   other are quite benign. However, for efficiency it makes sense to keep
//   the VM thread from racing with the CMS thread while the latter is
//   dirty card info to the modUnionTable. We therefore also use the
//   CGC_lock to protect the reading of the card table and the mod union
//   table by the CM thread.
// . We run concurrently with mutator updates, so scanning
//   needs to be done carefully  -- we should not try to scan
//   potentially uninitialized objects.
//
// Locking strategy: While holding the CGC_lock, we scan over and
// reset a maximal dirty range of the mod union / card tables, then lock
// the free_list_lock and bitmap lock to do a full marking, then
// release these locks; and repeat the cycle. This allows for a
// certain amount of fairness in the sharing of these locks between
// the CMS collector on the one hand, and the VM thread and the
// mutators on the other.

// NOTE: preclean_mod_union_table() and preclean_card_table()
// further below are largely identical; if you need to modify
// one of these methods, please check the other method too.

size_t CMSCollector::preclean_mod_union_table(
  ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration* gen,
  ScanMarkedObjectsAgainCarefullyClosure* cl) {
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();

  // strategy: starting with the first card, accumulate contiguous
  // ranges of dirty cards; clear these cards, then scan the region
  // covered by these cards.

  // Since all of the MUT is committed ahead, we can just use
  // that, in case the generations expand while we are precleaning.
  // It might also be fine to just use the committed part of the
  // generation, but we might potentially miss cards when the
  // generation is rapidly expanding while we are in the midst
  // of precleaning.
  HeapWord* startAddr = gen->reserved().start();
  HeapWord* endAddr   = gen->reserved().end();

  cl->setFreelistLock(gen->freelistLock());   // needed for yielding

  size_t numDirtyCards, cumNumDirtyCards;
  HeapWord *nextAddr, *lastAddr;
  for (cumNumDirtyCards = numDirtyCards = 0,
       nextAddr = lastAddr = startAddr;
       nextAddr < endAddr;
       nextAddr = lastAddr, cumNumDirtyCards += numDirtyCards) {

    ResourceMark rm;
    HandleMark   hm;

    MemRegion dirtyRegion;
    {
      stopTimer();
4695
      // Potential yield point
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      CMSTokenSync ts(true);
      startTimer();
      sample_eden();
      // Get dirty region starting at nextOffset (inclusive),
      // simultaneously clearing it.
      dirtyRegion =
        _modUnionTable.getAndClearMarkedRegion(nextAddr, endAddr);
      assert(dirtyRegion.start() >= nextAddr,
             "returned region inconsistent?");
    }
    // Remember where the next search should begin.
    // The returned region (if non-empty) is a right open interval,
    // so lastOffset is obtained from the right end of that
    // interval.
    lastAddr = dirtyRegion.end();
    // Should do something more transparent and less hacky XXX
    numDirtyCards =
      _modUnionTable.heapWordDiffToOffsetDiff(dirtyRegion.word_size());

    // We'll scan the cards in the dirty region (with periodic
    // yields for foreground GC as needed).
    if (!dirtyRegion.is_empty()) {
      assert(numDirtyCards > 0, "consistency check");
      HeapWord* stop_point = NULL;
4720
      stopTimer();
4721
      // Potential yield point
4722 4723 4724
      CMSTokenSyncWithLocks ts(true, gen->freelistLock(),
                               bitMapLock());
      startTimer();
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      {
        verify_work_stacks_empty();
        verify_overflow_empty();
        sample_eden();
        stop_point =
          gen->cmsSpace()->object_iterate_careful_m(dirtyRegion, cl);
      }
      if (stop_point != NULL) {
        // The careful iteration stopped early either because it found an
        // uninitialized object, or because we were in the midst of an
        // "abortable preclean", which should now be aborted. Redirty
        // the bits corresponding to the partially-scanned or unscanned
        // cards. We'll either restart at the next block boundary or
        // abort the preclean.
4739 4740
        assert((_collectorState == AbortablePreclean && should_abort_preclean()),
               "Should only be AbortablePreclean.");
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        _modUnionTable.mark_range(MemRegion(stop_point, dirtyRegion.end()));
        if (should_abort_preclean()) {
          break; // out of preclean loop
        } else {
          // Compute the next address at which preclean should pick up;
          // might need bitMapLock in order to read P-bits.
          lastAddr = next_card_start_after_block(stop_point);
        }
      }
    } else {
      assert(lastAddr == endAddr, "consistency check");
      assert(numDirtyCards == 0, "consistency check");
      break;
    }
  }
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();
  return cumNumDirtyCards;
}

// NOTE: preclean_mod_union_table() above and preclean_card_table()
// below are largely identical; if you need to modify
// one of these methods, please check the other method too.

size_t CMSCollector::preclean_card_table(ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration* gen,
  ScanMarkedObjectsAgainCarefullyClosure* cl) {
  // strategy: it's similar to precleamModUnionTable above, in that
  // we accumulate contiguous ranges of dirty cards, mark these cards
  // precleaned, then scan the region covered by these cards.
  HeapWord* endAddr   = (HeapWord*)(gen->_virtual_space.high());
  HeapWord* startAddr = (HeapWord*)(gen->_virtual_space.low());

  cl->setFreelistLock(gen->freelistLock());   // needed for yielding

  size_t numDirtyCards, cumNumDirtyCards;
  HeapWord *lastAddr, *nextAddr;

  for (cumNumDirtyCards = numDirtyCards = 0,
       nextAddr = lastAddr = startAddr;
       nextAddr < endAddr;
       nextAddr = lastAddr, cumNumDirtyCards += numDirtyCards) {

    ResourceMark rm;
    HandleMark   hm;

    MemRegion dirtyRegion;
    {
      // See comments in "Precleaning notes" above on why we
      // do this locking. XXX Could the locking overheads be
      // too high when dirty cards are sparse? [I don't think so.]
      stopTimer();
      CMSTokenSync x(true); // is cms thread
      startTimer();
      sample_eden();
      // Get and clear dirty region from card table
4796 4797 4798 4799 4800
      dirtyRegion = _ct->ct_bs()->dirty_card_range_after_reset(
                                    MemRegion(nextAddr, endAddr),
                                    true,
                                    CardTableModRefBS::precleaned_card_val());

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      assert(dirtyRegion.start() >= nextAddr,
             "returned region inconsistent?");
    }
    lastAddr = dirtyRegion.end();
    numDirtyCards =
      dirtyRegion.word_size()/CardTableModRefBS::card_size_in_words;

    if (!dirtyRegion.is_empty()) {
      stopTimer();
      CMSTokenSyncWithLocks ts(true, gen->freelistLock(), bitMapLock());
      startTimer();
      sample_eden();
      verify_work_stacks_empty();
      verify_overflow_empty();
      HeapWord* stop_point =
        gen->cmsSpace()->object_iterate_careful_m(dirtyRegion, cl);
      if (stop_point != NULL) {
4818 4819
        assert((_collectorState == AbortablePreclean && should_abort_preclean()),
               "Should only be AbortablePreclean.");
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        _ct->ct_bs()->invalidate(MemRegion(stop_point, dirtyRegion.end()));
        if (should_abort_preclean()) {
          break; // out of preclean loop
        } else {
          // Compute the next address at which preclean should pick up.
          lastAddr = next_card_start_after_block(stop_point);
        }
      }
    } else {
      break;
    }
  }
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();
  return cumNumDirtyCards;
}

4837 4838 4839 4840 4841 4842 4843 4844 4845 4846 4847 4848 4849 4850 4851 4852 4853 4854 4855 4856 4857 4858 4859 4860 4861 4862 4863 4864 4865
class PrecleanKlassClosure : public KlassClosure {
  CMKlassClosure _cm_klass_closure;
 public:
  PrecleanKlassClosure(OopClosure* oop_closure) : _cm_klass_closure(oop_closure) {}
  void do_klass(Klass* k) {
    if (k->has_accumulated_modified_oops()) {
      k->clear_accumulated_modified_oops();

      _cm_klass_closure.do_klass(k);
    }
  }
};

// The freelist lock is needed to prevent asserts, is it really needed?
void CMSCollector::preclean_klasses(MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure* cl, Mutex* freelistLock) {

  cl->set_freelistLock(freelistLock);

  CMSTokenSyncWithLocks ts(true, freelistLock, bitMapLock());

  // SSS: Add equivalent to ScanMarkedObjectsAgainCarefullyClosure::do_yield_check and should_abort_preclean?
  // SSS: We should probably check if precleaning should be aborted, at suitable intervals?
  PrecleanKlassClosure preclean_klass_closure(cl);
  ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&preclean_klass_closure);

  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();
}

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void CMSCollector::checkpointRootsFinal(bool asynch,
  bool clear_all_soft_refs, bool init_mark_was_synchronous) {
  assert(_collectorState == FinalMarking, "incorrect state transition?");
  check_correct_thread_executing();
  // world is stopped at this checkpoint
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
         "world should be stopped");
4873 4874
  TraceCMSMemoryManagerStats tms(_collectorState,GenCollectedHeap::heap()->gc_cause());

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  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();

  SpecializationStats::clear();
  if (PrintGCDetails) {
    gclog_or_tty->print("[YG occupancy: "SIZE_FORMAT" K ("SIZE_FORMAT" K)]",
                        _young_gen->used() / K,
                        _young_gen->capacity() / K);
  }
  if (asynch) {
    if (CMSScavengeBeforeRemark) {
      GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
      // Temporarily set flag to false, GCH->do_collection will
      // expect it to be false and set to true
      FlagSetting fl(gch->_is_gc_active, false);
      NOT_PRODUCT(TraceTime t("Scavenge-Before-Remark",
        PrintGCDetails && Verbose, true, gclog_or_tty);)
      int level = _cmsGen->level() - 1;
      if (level >= 0) {
        gch->do_collection(true,        // full (i.e. force, see below)
                           false,       // !clear_all_soft_refs
                           0,           // size
                           false,       // is_tlab
                           level        // max_level
                          );
      }
    }
    FreelistLocker x(this);
    MutexLockerEx y(bitMapLock(),
                    Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    assert(!init_mark_was_synchronous, "but that's impossible!");
    checkpointRootsFinalWork(asynch, clear_all_soft_refs, false);
  } else {
    // already have all the locks
    checkpointRootsFinalWork(asynch, clear_all_soft_refs,
                             init_mark_was_synchronous);
  }
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();
  SpecializationStats::print();
}

void CMSCollector::checkpointRootsFinalWork(bool asynch,
  bool clear_all_soft_refs, bool init_mark_was_synchronous) {

  NOT_PRODUCT(TraceTime tr("checkpointRootsFinalWork", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);)

  assert(haveFreelistLocks(), "must have free list locks");
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());

  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
    size_policy()->checkpoint_roots_final_begin();
  }

  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;

  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();

4934
  if (should_unload_classes()) {
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4935 4936 4937 4938 4939 4940 4941 4942 4943 4944 4945 4946 4947 4948 4949 4950 4951 4952 4953 4954 4955 4956 4957 4958 4959 4960 4961 4962 4963 4964 4965 4966 4967 4968 4969
    CodeCache::gc_prologue();
  }
  assert(haveFreelistLocks(), "must have free list locks");
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());

  if (!init_mark_was_synchronous) {
    // We might assume that we need not fill TLAB's when
    // CMSScavengeBeforeRemark is set, because we may have just done
    // a scavenge which would have filled all TLAB's -- and besides
    // Eden would be empty. This however may not always be the case --
    // for instance although we asked for a scavenge, it may not have
    // happened because of a JNI critical section. We probably need
    // a policy for deciding whether we can in that case wait until
    // the critical section releases and then do the remark following
    // the scavenge, and skip it here. In the absence of that policy,
    // or of an indication of whether the scavenge did indeed occur,
    // we cannot rely on TLAB's having been filled and must do
    // so here just in case a scavenge did not happen.
    gch->ensure_parsability(false);  // fill TLAB's, but no need to retire them
    // Update the saved marks which may affect the root scans.
    gch->save_marks();

    {
      COMPILER2_PRESENT(DerivedPointerTableDeactivate dpt_deact;)

      // Note on the role of the mod union table:
      // Since the marker in "markFromRoots" marks concurrently with
      // mutators, it is possible for some reachable objects not to have been
      // scanned. For instance, an only reference to an object A was
      // placed in object B after the marker scanned B. Unless B is rescanned,
      // A would be collected. Such updates to references in marked objects
      // are detected via the mod union table which is the set of all cards
      // dirtied since the first checkpoint in this GC cycle and prior to
      // the most recent young generation GC, minus those cleaned up by the
      // concurrent precleaning.
4970
      if (CMSParallelRemarkEnabled && CollectedHeap::use_parallel_gc_threads()) {
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        TraceTime t("Rescan (parallel) ", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);
        do_remark_parallel();
      } else {
        TraceTime t("Rescan (non-parallel) ", PrintGCDetails, false,
                    gclog_or_tty);
        do_remark_non_parallel();
      }
    }
  } else {
    assert(!asynch, "Can't have init_mark_was_synchronous in asynch mode");
    // The initial mark was stop-world, so there's no rescanning to
    // do; go straight on to the next step below.
  }
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();

  {
    NOT_PRODUCT(TraceTime ts("refProcessingWork", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);)
    refProcessingWork(asynch, clear_all_soft_refs);
  }
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();

4994
  if (should_unload_classes()) {
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    CodeCache::gc_epilogue();
  }
4997
  JvmtiExport::gc_epilogue();
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  // If we encountered any (marking stack / work queue) overflow
  // events during the current CMS cycle, take appropriate
  // remedial measures, where possible, so as to try and avoid
  // recurrence of that condition.
  assert(_markStack.isEmpty(), "No grey objects");
  size_t ser_ovflw = _ser_pmc_remark_ovflw + _ser_pmc_preclean_ovflw +
5005
                     _ser_kac_ovflw        + _ser_kac_preclean_ovflw;
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  if (ser_ovflw > 0) {
    if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Marking stack overflow (benign) "
5009 5010
        "(pmc_pc="SIZE_FORMAT", pmc_rm="SIZE_FORMAT", kac="SIZE_FORMAT
        ", kac_preclean="SIZE_FORMAT")",
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        _ser_pmc_preclean_ovflw, _ser_pmc_remark_ovflw,
5012
        _ser_kac_ovflw, _ser_kac_preclean_ovflw);
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    }
    _markStack.expand();
    _ser_pmc_remark_ovflw = 0;
    _ser_pmc_preclean_ovflw = 0;
5017
    _ser_kac_preclean_ovflw = 0;
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    _ser_kac_ovflw = 0;
  }
  if (_par_pmc_remark_ovflw > 0 || _par_kac_ovflw > 0) {
    if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Work queue overflow (benign) "
        "(pmc_rm="SIZE_FORMAT", kac="SIZE_FORMAT")",
        _par_pmc_remark_ovflw, _par_kac_ovflw);
    }
    _par_pmc_remark_ovflw = 0;
    _par_kac_ovflw = 0;
  }
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
     if (_markStack._hit_limit > 0) {
       gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" (benign) Hit max stack size limit ("SIZE_FORMAT")",
                              _markStack._hit_limit);
     }
     if (_markStack._failed_double > 0) {
       gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" (benign) Failed stack doubling ("SIZE_FORMAT"),"
                              " current capacity "SIZE_FORMAT,
                              _markStack._failed_double,
                              _markStack.capacity());
     }
  }
  _markStack._hit_limit = 0;
  _markStack._failed_double = 0;

  if ((VerifyAfterGC || VerifyDuringGC) &&
      GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
    verify_after_remark();
  }

  // Change under the freelistLocks.
  _collectorState = Sweeping;
  // Call isAllClear() under bitMapLock
5052 5053 5054 5055
  assert(_modUnionTable.isAllClear(),
      "Should be clear by end of the final marking");
  assert(_ct->klass_rem_set()->mod_union_is_clear(),
      "Should be clear by end of the final marking");
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  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
    size_policy()->checkpoint_roots_final_end(gch->gc_cause());
  }
}

// Parallel remark task
class CMSParRemarkTask: public AbstractGangTask {
  CMSCollector* _collector;
  int           _n_workers;
  CompactibleFreeListSpace* _cms_space;

  // The per-thread work queues, available here for stealing.
  OopTaskQueueSet*       _task_queues;
  ParallelTaskTerminator _term;

 public:
5072 5073
  // A value of 0 passed to n_workers will cause the number of
  // workers to be taken from the active workers in the work gang.
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  CMSParRemarkTask(CMSCollector* collector,
                   CompactibleFreeListSpace* cms_space,
5076
                   int n_workers, FlexibleWorkGang* workers,
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                   OopTaskQueueSet* task_queues):
    AbstractGangTask("Rescan roots and grey objects in parallel"),
    _collector(collector),
5080
    _cms_space(cms_space),
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    _n_workers(n_workers),
    _task_queues(task_queues),
5083
    _term(n_workers, task_queues) { }
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  OopTaskQueueSet* task_queues() { return _task_queues; }

  OopTaskQueue* work_queue(int i) { return task_queues()->queue(i); }

  ParallelTaskTerminator* terminator() { return &_term; }
5090
  int n_workers() { return _n_workers; }
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5091

5092
  void work(uint worker_id);
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 private:
  // Work method in support of parallel rescan ... of young gen spaces
  void do_young_space_rescan(int i, Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure* cl,
                             ContiguousSpace* space,
                             HeapWord** chunk_array, size_t chunk_top);

  // ... of  dirty cards in old space
  void do_dirty_card_rescan_tasks(CompactibleFreeListSpace* sp, int i,
                                  Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure* cl);

  // ... work stealing for the above
  void do_work_steal(int i, Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure* cl, int* seed);
};

5108 5109 5110 5111 5112 5113 5114 5115 5116 5117 5118 5119 5120 5121 5122 5123 5124 5125 5126 5127 5128 5129 5130
class RemarkKlassClosure : public KlassClosure {
  CMKlassClosure _cm_klass_closure;
 public:
  RemarkKlassClosure(OopClosure* oop_closure) : _cm_klass_closure(oop_closure) {}
  void do_klass(Klass* k) {
    // Check if we have modified any oops in the Klass during the concurrent marking.
    if (k->has_accumulated_modified_oops()) {
      k->clear_accumulated_modified_oops();

      // We could have transfered the current modified marks to the accumulated marks,
      // like we do with the Card Table to Mod Union Table. But it's not really necessary.
    } else if (k->has_modified_oops()) {
      // Don't clear anything, this info is needed by the next young collection.
    } else {
      // No modified oops in the Klass.
      return;
    }

    // The klass has modified fields, need to scan the klass.
    _cm_klass_closure.do_klass(k);
  }
};

5131 5132 5133 5134 5135
// work_queue(i) is passed to the closure
// Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure.  The "i" parameter
// also is passed to do_dirty_card_rescan_tasks() and to
// do_work_steal() to select the i-th task_queue.

5136
void CMSParRemarkTask::work(uint worker_id) {
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5137 5138 5139 5140 5141 5142 5143 5144 5145 5146
  elapsedTimer _timer;
  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;

  // ---------- rescan from roots --------------
  _timer.start();
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure par_mrias_cl(_collector,
    _collector->_span, _collector->ref_processor(),
    &(_collector->_markBitMap),
5147
    work_queue(worker_id));
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  // Rescan young gen roots first since these are likely
  // coarsely partitioned and may, on that account, constitute
  // the critical path; thus, it's best to start off that
  // work first.
  // ---------- young gen roots --------------
  {
    DefNewGeneration* dng = _collector->_young_gen->as_DefNewGeneration();
    EdenSpace* eden_space = dng->eden();
    ContiguousSpace* from_space = dng->from();
    ContiguousSpace* to_space   = dng->to();

    HeapWord** eca = _collector->_eden_chunk_array;
    size_t     ect = _collector->_eden_chunk_index;
    HeapWord** sca = _collector->_survivor_chunk_array;
    size_t     sct = _collector->_survivor_chunk_index;

    assert(ect <= _collector->_eden_chunk_capacity, "out of bounds");
    assert(sct <= _collector->_survivor_chunk_capacity, "out of bounds");

5168 5169 5170
    do_young_space_rescan(worker_id, &par_mrias_cl, to_space, NULL, 0);
    do_young_space_rescan(worker_id, &par_mrias_cl, from_space, sca, sct);
    do_young_space_rescan(worker_id, &par_mrias_cl, eden_space, eca, ect);
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    _timer.stop();
    if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
        "Finished young gen rescan work in %dth thread: %3.3f sec",
5176
        worker_id, _timer.seconds());
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    }
  }

  // ---------- remaining roots --------------
  _timer.reset();
  _timer.start();
  gch->gen_process_strong_roots(_collector->_cmsGen->level(),
                                false,     // yg was scanned above
5185
                                false,     // this is parallel code
5186
                                false,     // not scavenging
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                                SharedHeap::ScanningOption(_collector->CMSCollector::roots_scanning_options()),
5188 5189
                                &par_mrias_cl,
                                true,   // walk all of code cache if (so & SO_CodeCache)
5190 5191
                                NULL,
                                NULL);     // The dirty klasses will be handled below
5192 5193 5194
  assert(_collector->should_unload_classes()
         || (_collector->CMSCollector::roots_scanning_options() & SharedHeap::SO_CodeCache),
         "if we didn't scan the code cache, we have to be ready to drop nmethods with expired weak oops");
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  _timer.stop();
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
      "Finished remaining root rescan work in %dth thread: %3.3f sec",
5199
      worker_id, _timer.seconds());
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5200 5201
  }

5202 5203 5204 5205 5206 5207 5208 5209 5210 5211 5212 5213 5214 5215 5216 5217 5218 5219 5220 5221 5222 5223 5224 5225 5226 5227 5228 5229 5230 5231 5232 5233 5234 5235 5236 5237 5238 5239 5240 5241 5242 5243 5244 5245 5246 5247 5248
  // ---------- unhandled CLD scanning ----------
  if (worker_id == 0) { // Single threaded at the moment.
    _timer.reset();
    _timer.start();

    // Scan all new class loader data objects and new dependencies that were
    // introduced during concurrent marking.
    ResourceMark rm;
    GrowableArray<ClassLoaderData*>* array = ClassLoaderDataGraph::new_clds();
    for (int i = 0; i < array->length(); i++) {
      par_mrias_cl.do_class_loader_data(array->at(i));
    }

    // We don't need to keep track of new CLDs anymore.
    ClassLoaderDataGraph::remember_new_clds(false);

    _timer.stop();
    if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
          "Finished unhandled CLD scanning work in %dth thread: %3.3f sec",
          worker_id, _timer.seconds());
    }
  }

  // ---------- dirty klass scanning ----------
  if (worker_id == 0) { // Single threaded at the moment.
    _timer.reset();
    _timer.start();

    // Scan all classes that was dirtied during the concurrent marking phase.
    RemarkKlassClosure remark_klass_closure(&par_mrias_cl);
    ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&remark_klass_closure);

    _timer.stop();
    if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
          "Finished dirty klass scanning work in %dth thread: %3.3f sec",
          worker_id, _timer.seconds());
    }
  }

  // We might have added oops to ClassLoaderData::_handles during the
  // concurrent marking phase. These oops point to newly allocated objects
  // that are guaranteed to be kept alive. Either by the direct allocation
  // code, or when the young collector processes the strong roots. Hence,
  // we don't have to revisit the _handles block during the remark phase.

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  // ---------- rescan dirty cards ------------
  _timer.reset();
  _timer.start();

  // Do the rescan tasks for each of the two spaces
5254
  // (cms_space) in turn.
5255 5256
  // "worker_id" is passed to select the task_queue for "worker_id"
  do_dirty_card_rescan_tasks(_cms_space, worker_id, &par_mrias_cl);
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  _timer.stop();
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
      "Finished dirty card rescan work in %dth thread: %3.3f sec",
5261
      worker_id, _timer.seconds());
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  }

  // ---------- steal work from other threads ...
  // ---------- ... and drain overflow list.
  _timer.reset();
  _timer.start();
5268
  do_work_steal(worker_id, &par_mrias_cl, _collector->hash_seed(worker_id));
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  _timer.stop();
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
      "Finished work stealing in %dth thread: %3.3f sec",
5273
      worker_id, _timer.seconds());
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  }
}

5277
// Note that parameter "i" is not used.
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void
CMSParRemarkTask::do_young_space_rescan(int i,
  Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure* cl, ContiguousSpace* space,
  HeapWord** chunk_array, size_t chunk_top) {
  // Until all tasks completed:
  // . claim an unclaimed task
  // . compute region boundaries corresponding to task claimed
  //   using chunk_array
  // . par_oop_iterate(cl) over that region

  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;

  SequentialSubTasksDone* pst = space->par_seq_tasks();
  assert(pst->valid(), "Uninitialized use?");

5294 5295
  uint nth_task = 0;
  uint n_tasks  = pst->n_tasks();
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  HeapWord *start, *end;
  while (!pst->is_task_claimed(/* reference */ nth_task)) {
    // We claimed task # nth_task; compute its boundaries.
    if (chunk_top == 0) {  // no samples were taken
      assert(nth_task == 0 && n_tasks == 1, "Can have only 1 EdenSpace task");
      start = space->bottom();
      end   = space->top();
    } else if (nth_task == 0) {
      start = space->bottom();
      end   = chunk_array[nth_task];
5307
    } else if (nth_task < (uint)chunk_top) {
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      assert(nth_task >= 1, "Control point invariant");
      start = chunk_array[nth_task - 1];
      end   = chunk_array[nth_task];
    } else {
5312
      assert(nth_task == (uint)chunk_top, "Control point invariant");
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      start = chunk_array[chunk_top - 1];
      end   = space->top();
    }
    MemRegion mr(start, end);
    // Verify that mr is in space
    assert(mr.is_empty() || space->used_region().contains(mr),
           "Should be in space");
    // Verify that "start" is an object boundary
    assert(mr.is_empty() || oop(mr.start())->is_oop(),
           "Should be an oop");
    space->par_oop_iterate(mr, cl);
  }
  pst->all_tasks_completed();
}

void
CMSParRemarkTask::do_dirty_card_rescan_tasks(
  CompactibleFreeListSpace* sp, int i,
  Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure* cl) {
  // Until all tasks completed:
  // . claim an unclaimed task
  // . compute region boundaries corresponding to task claimed
  // . transfer dirty bits ct->mut for that region
  // . apply rescanclosure to dirty mut bits for that region

  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;

  OopTaskQueue* work_q = work_queue(i);
  ModUnionClosure modUnionClosure(&(_collector->_modUnionTable));
  // CAUTION! CAUTION! CAUTION! CAUTION! CAUTION! CAUTION! CAUTION!
  // CAUTION: This closure has state that persists across calls to
  // the work method dirty_range_iterate_clear() in that it has
  // imbedded in it a (subtype of) UpwardsObjectClosure. The
  // use of that state in the imbedded UpwardsObjectClosure instance
  // assumes that the cards are always iterated (even if in parallel
  // by several threads) in monotonically increasing order per each
  // thread. This is true of the implementation below which picks
  // card ranges (chunks) in monotonically increasing order globally
  // and, a-fortiori, in monotonically increasing order per thread
  // (the latter order being a subsequence of the former).
  // If the work code below is ever reorganized into a more chaotic
  // work-partitioning form than the current "sequential tasks"
  // paradigm, the use of that persistent state will have to be
  // revisited and modified appropriately. See also related
  // bug 4756801 work on which should examine this code to make
  // sure that the changes there do not run counter to the
  // assumptions made here and necessary for correctness and
  // efficiency. Note also that this code might yield inefficient
  // behaviour in the case of very large objects that span one or
  // more work chunks. Such objects would potentially be scanned
  // several times redundantly. Work on 4756801 should try and
  // address that performance anomaly if at all possible. XXX
  MemRegion  full_span  = _collector->_span;
  CMSBitMap* bm    = &(_collector->_markBitMap);     // shared
  MarkFromDirtyCardsClosure
    greyRescanClosure(_collector, full_span, // entire span of interest
5370
                      sp, bm, work_q, cl);
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  SequentialSubTasksDone* pst = sp->conc_par_seq_tasks();
  assert(pst->valid(), "Uninitialized use?");
5374
  uint nth_task = 0;
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  const int alignment = CardTableModRefBS::card_size * BitsPerWord;
  MemRegion span = sp->used_region();
  HeapWord* start_addr = span.start();
  HeapWord* end_addr = (HeapWord*)round_to((intptr_t)span.end(),
                                           alignment);
  const size_t chunk_size = sp->rescan_task_size(); // in HeapWord units
  assert((HeapWord*)round_to((intptr_t)start_addr, alignment) ==
         start_addr, "Check alignment");
  assert((size_t)round_to((intptr_t)chunk_size, alignment) ==
         chunk_size, "Check alignment");

  while (!pst->is_task_claimed(/* reference */ nth_task)) {
    // Having claimed the nth_task, compute corresponding mem-region,
    // which is a-fortiori aligned correctly (i.e. at a MUT bopundary).
    // The alignment restriction ensures that we do not need any
    // synchronization with other gang-workers while setting or
    // clearing bits in thus chunk of the MUT.
    MemRegion this_span = MemRegion(start_addr + nth_task*chunk_size,
                                    start_addr + (nth_task+1)*chunk_size);
    // The last chunk's end might be way beyond end of the
    // used region. In that case pull back appropriately.
    if (this_span.end() > end_addr) {
      this_span.set_end(end_addr);
      assert(!this_span.is_empty(), "Program logic (calculation of n_tasks)");
    }
    // Iterate over the dirty cards covering this chunk, marking them
    // precleaned, and setting the corresponding bits in the mod union
    // table. Since we have been careful to partition at Card and MUT-word
    // boundaries no synchronization is needed between parallel threads.
    _collector->_ct->ct_bs()->dirty_card_iterate(this_span,
                                                 &modUnionClosure);

    // Having transferred these marks into the modUnionTable,
    // rescan the marked objects on the dirty cards in the modUnionTable.
    // Even if this is at a synchronous collection, the initial marking
    // may have been done during an asynchronous collection so there
    // may be dirty bits in the mod-union table.
    _collector->_modUnionTable.dirty_range_iterate_clear(
                  this_span, &greyRescanClosure);
    _collector->_modUnionTable.verifyNoOneBitsInRange(
                                 this_span.start(),
                                 this_span.end());
  }
  pst->all_tasks_completed();  // declare that i am done
}

// . see if we can share work_queues with ParNew? XXX
void
CMSParRemarkTask::do_work_steal(int i, Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure* cl,
                                int* seed) {
  OopTaskQueue* work_q = work_queue(i);
  NOT_PRODUCT(int num_steals = 0;)
  oop obj_to_scan;
  CMSBitMap* bm = &(_collector->_markBitMap);

  while (true) {
    // Completely finish any left over work from (an) earlier round(s)
    cl->trim_queue(0);
5433 5434
    size_t num_from_overflow_list = MIN2((size_t)(work_q->max_elems() - work_q->size())/4,
                                         (size_t)ParGCDesiredObjsFromOverflowList);
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    // Now check if there's any work in the overflow list
5436 5437 5438 5439
    // Passing ParallelGCThreads as the third parameter, no_of_gc_threads,
    // only affects the number of attempts made to get work from the
    // overflow list and does not affect the number of workers.  Just
    // pass ParallelGCThreads so this behavior is unchanged.
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    if (_collector->par_take_from_overflow_list(num_from_overflow_list,
5441 5442
                                                work_q,
                                                ParallelGCThreads)) {
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      // found something in global overflow list;
      // not yet ready to go stealing work from others.
      // We'd like to assert(work_q->size() != 0, ...)
      // because we just took work from the overflow list,
      // but of course we can't since all of that could have
      // been already stolen from us.
      // "He giveth and He taketh away."
      continue;
    }
    // Verify that we have no work before we resort to stealing
    assert(work_q->size() == 0, "Have work, shouldn't steal");
    // Try to steal from other queues that have work
    if (task_queues()->steal(i, seed, /* reference */ obj_to_scan)) {
      NOT_PRODUCT(num_steals++;)
      assert(obj_to_scan->is_oop(), "Oops, not an oop!");
      assert(bm->isMarked((HeapWord*)obj_to_scan), "Stole an unmarked oop?");
      // Do scanning work
      obj_to_scan->oop_iterate(cl);
      // Loop around, finish this work, and try to steal some more
    } else if (terminator()->offer_termination()) {
        break;  // nirvana from the infinite cycle
    }
  }
  NOT_PRODUCT(
    if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print("\n\t(%d: stole %d oops)", i, num_steals);
    }
  )
  assert(work_q->size() == 0 && _collector->overflow_list_is_empty(),
         "Else our work is not yet done");
}

// Return a thread-local PLAB recording array, as appropriate.
void* CMSCollector::get_data_recorder(int thr_num) {
  if (_survivor_plab_array != NULL &&
      (CMSPLABRecordAlways ||
       (_collectorState > Marking && _collectorState < FinalMarking))) {
    assert(thr_num < (int)ParallelGCThreads, "thr_num is out of bounds");
    ChunkArray* ca = &_survivor_plab_array[thr_num];
    ca->reset();   // clear it so that fresh data is recorded
    return (void*) ca;
  } else {
    return NULL;
  }
}

// Reset all the thread-local PLAB recording arrays
void CMSCollector::reset_survivor_plab_arrays() {
  for (uint i = 0; i < ParallelGCThreads; i++) {
    _survivor_plab_array[i].reset();
  }
}

// Merge the per-thread plab arrays into the global survivor chunk
// array which will provide the partitioning of the survivor space
// for CMS rescan.
5499 5500
void CMSCollector::merge_survivor_plab_arrays(ContiguousSpace* surv,
                                              int no_of_gc_threads) {
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  assert(_survivor_plab_array  != NULL, "Error");
  assert(_survivor_chunk_array != NULL, "Error");
  assert(_collectorState == FinalMarking, "Error");
5504
  for (int j = 0; j < no_of_gc_threads; j++) {
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    _cursor[j] = 0;
  }
  HeapWord* top = surv->top();
  size_t i;
  for (i = 0; i < _survivor_chunk_capacity; i++) {  // all sca entries
    HeapWord* min_val = top;          // Higher than any PLAB address
    uint      min_tid = 0;            // position of min_val this round
5512
    for (int j = 0; j < no_of_gc_threads; j++) {
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      ChunkArray* cur_sca = &_survivor_plab_array[j];
      if (_cursor[j] == cur_sca->end()) {
        continue;
      }
      assert(_cursor[j] < cur_sca->end(), "ctl pt invariant");
      HeapWord* cur_val = cur_sca->nth(_cursor[j]);
      assert(surv->used_region().contains(cur_val), "Out of bounds value");
      if (cur_val < min_val) {
        min_tid = j;
        min_val = cur_val;
      } else {
        assert(cur_val < top, "All recorded addresses should be less");
      }
    }
    // At this point min_val and min_tid are respectively
    // the least address in _survivor_plab_array[j]->nth(_cursor[j])
    // and the thread (j) that witnesses that address.
    // We record this address in the _survivor_chunk_array[i]
    // and increment _cursor[min_tid] prior to the next round i.
    if (min_val == top) {
      break;
    }
    _survivor_chunk_array[i] = min_val;
    _cursor[min_tid]++;
  }
  // We are all done; record the size of the _survivor_chunk_array
  _survivor_chunk_index = i; // exclusive: [0, i)
  if (PrintCMSStatistics > 0) {
    gclog_or_tty->print(" (Survivor:" SIZE_FORMAT "chunks) ", i);
  }
  // Verify that we used up all the recorded entries
  #ifdef ASSERT
    size_t total = 0;
5546
    for (int j = 0; j < no_of_gc_threads; j++) {
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      assert(_cursor[j] == _survivor_plab_array[j].end(), "Ctl pt invariant");
      total += _cursor[j];
    }
    assert(total == _survivor_chunk_index, "Ctl Pt Invariant");
    // Check that the merged array is in sorted order
    if (total > 0) {
      for (size_t i = 0; i < total - 1; i++) {
        if (PrintCMSStatistics > 0) {
          gclog_or_tty->print(" (chunk" SIZE_FORMAT ":" INTPTR_FORMAT ") ",
                              i, _survivor_chunk_array[i]);
        }
        assert(_survivor_chunk_array[i] < _survivor_chunk_array[i+1],
               "Not sorted");
      }
    }
  #endif // ASSERT
}

// Set up the space's par_seq_tasks structure for work claiming
// for parallel rescan of young gen.
// See ParRescanTask where this is currently used.
void
CMSCollector::
initialize_sequential_subtasks_for_young_gen_rescan(int n_threads) {
  assert(n_threads > 0, "Unexpected n_threads argument");
  DefNewGeneration* dng = (DefNewGeneration*)_young_gen;

  // Eden space
  {
    SequentialSubTasksDone* pst = dng->eden()->par_seq_tasks();
    assert(!pst->valid(), "Clobbering existing data?");
    // Each valid entry in [0, _eden_chunk_index) represents a task.
    size_t n_tasks = _eden_chunk_index + 1;
    assert(n_tasks == 1 || _eden_chunk_array != NULL, "Error");
5581 5582 5583
    // Sets the condition for completion of the subtask (how many threads
    // need to finish in order to be done).
    pst->set_n_threads(n_threads);
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    pst->set_n_tasks((int)n_tasks);
  }

  // Merge the survivor plab arrays into _survivor_chunk_array
  if (_survivor_plab_array != NULL) {
5589
    merge_survivor_plab_arrays(dng->from(), n_threads);
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  } else {
    assert(_survivor_chunk_index == 0, "Error");
  }

  // To space
  {
    SequentialSubTasksDone* pst = dng->to()->par_seq_tasks();
    assert(!pst->valid(), "Clobbering existing data?");
5598 5599 5600
    // Sets the condition for completion of the subtask (how many threads
    // need to finish in order to be done).
    pst->set_n_threads(n_threads);
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    pst->set_n_tasks(1);
    assert(pst->valid(), "Error");
  }

  // From space
  {
    SequentialSubTasksDone* pst = dng->from()->par_seq_tasks();
    assert(!pst->valid(), "Clobbering existing data?");
    size_t n_tasks = _survivor_chunk_index + 1;
    assert(n_tasks == 1 || _survivor_chunk_array != NULL, "Error");
5611 5612 5613
    // Sets the condition for completion of the subtask (how many threads
    // need to finish in order to be done).
    pst->set_n_threads(n_threads);
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    pst->set_n_tasks((int)n_tasks);
    assert(pst->valid(), "Error");
  }
}

// Parallel version of remark
void CMSCollector::do_remark_parallel() {
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
5622
  FlexibleWorkGang* workers = gch->workers();
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  assert(workers != NULL, "Need parallel worker threads.");
5624 5625 5626 5627 5628 5629 5630 5631 5632
  // Choose to use the number of GC workers most recently set
  // into "active_workers".  If active_workers is not set, set it
  // to ParallelGCThreads.
  int n_workers = workers->active_workers();
  if (n_workers == 0) {
    assert(n_workers > 0, "Should have been set during scavenge");
    n_workers = ParallelGCThreads;
    workers->set_active_workers(n_workers);
  }
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  CompactibleFreeListSpace* cms_space  = _cmsGen->cmsSpace();

  CMSParRemarkTask tsk(this,
5636
    cms_space,
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    n_workers, workers, task_queues());

  // Set up for parallel process_strong_roots work.
  gch->set_par_threads(n_workers);
  // We won't be iterating over the cards in the card table updating
  // the younger_gen cards, so we shouldn't call the following else
  // the verification code as well as subsequent younger_refs_iterate
  // code would get confused. XXX
  // gch->rem_set()->prepare_for_younger_refs_iterate(true); // parallel

  // The young gen rescan work will not be done as part of
  // process_strong_roots (which currently doesn't knw how to
  // parallelize such a scan), but rather will be broken up into
  // a set of parallel tasks (via the sampling that the [abortable]
  // preclean phase did of EdenSpace, plus the [two] tasks of
  // scanning the [two] survivor spaces. Further fine-grain
  // parallelization of the scanning of the survivor spaces
  // themselves, and of precleaning of the younger gen itself
  // is deferred to the future.
  initialize_sequential_subtasks_for_young_gen_rescan(n_workers);

  // The dirty card rescan work is broken up into a "sequence"
  // of parallel tasks (per constituent space) that are dynamically
  // claimed by the parallel threads.
  cms_space->initialize_sequential_subtasks_for_rescan(n_workers);

  // It turns out that even when we're using 1 thread, doing the work in a
  // separate thread causes wide variance in run times.  We can't help this
  // in the multi-threaded case, but we special-case n=1 here to get
  // repeatable measurements of the 1-thread overhead of the parallel code.
  if (n_workers > 1) {
5668 5669 5670 5671
    // Make refs discovery MT-safe, if it isn't already: it may not
    // necessarily be so, since it's possible that we are doing
    // ST marking.
    ReferenceProcessorMTDiscoveryMutator mt(ref_processor(), true);
5672
    GenCollectedHeap::StrongRootsScope srs(gch);
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    workers->run_task(&tsk);
  } else {
5675
    ReferenceProcessorMTDiscoveryMutator mt(ref_processor(), false);
5676
    GenCollectedHeap::StrongRootsScope srs(gch);
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    tsk.work(0);
  }
5679

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  gch->set_par_threads(0);  // 0 ==> non-parallel.
  // restore, single-threaded for now, any preserved marks
  // as a result of work_q overflow
  restore_preserved_marks_if_any();
}

// Non-parallel version of remark
void CMSCollector::do_remark_non_parallel() {
  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
5691 5692
  ReferenceProcessorMTDiscoveryMutator mt(ref_processor(), false);

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5693
  MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure
5694 5695
    mrias_cl(_span, ref_processor(), &_markBitMap, NULL /* not precleaning */,
             &_markStack, this,
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             false /* should_yield */, false /* not precleaning */);
  MarkFromDirtyCardsClosure
    markFromDirtyCardsClosure(this, _span,
                              NULL,  // space is set further below
5700
                              &_markBitMap, &_markStack, &mrias_cl);
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  {
    TraceTime t("grey object rescan", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);
5703 5704
    // Iterate over the dirty cards, setting the corresponding bits in the
    // mod union table.
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    {
      ModUnionClosure modUnionClosure(&_modUnionTable);
      _ct->ct_bs()->dirty_card_iterate(
                      _cmsGen->used_region(),
                      &modUnionClosure);
    }
    // Having transferred these marks into the modUnionTable, we just need
    // to rescan the marked objects on the dirty cards in the modUnionTable.
    // The initial marking may have been done during an asynchronous
    // collection so there may be dirty bits in the mod-union table.
    const int alignment =
      CardTableModRefBS::card_size * BitsPerWord;
    {
      // ... First handle dirty cards in CMS gen
      markFromDirtyCardsClosure.set_space(_cmsGen->cmsSpace());
      MemRegion ur = _cmsGen->used_region();
      HeapWord* lb = ur.start();
      HeapWord* ub = (HeapWord*)round_to((intptr_t)ur.end(), alignment);
      MemRegion cms_span(lb, ub);
      _modUnionTable.dirty_range_iterate_clear(cms_span,
                                               &markFromDirtyCardsClosure);
      verify_work_stacks_empty();
      if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
        gclog_or_tty->print(" (re-scanned "SIZE_FORMAT" dirty cards in cms gen) ",
          markFromDirtyCardsClosure.num_dirty_cards());
      }
    }
  }
  if (VerifyDuringGC &&
      GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
    HandleMark hm;  // Discard invalid handles created during verification
5736
    Universe::verify();
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  }
  {
    TraceTime t("root rescan", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);

    verify_work_stacks_empty();

    gch->rem_set()->prepare_for_younger_refs_iterate(false); // Not parallel.
5744
    GenCollectedHeap::StrongRootsScope srs(gch);
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    gch->gen_process_strong_roots(_cmsGen->level(),
                                  true,  // younger gens as roots
5747
                                  false, // use the local StrongRootsScope
5748
                                  false, // not scavenging
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                                  SharedHeap::ScanningOption(roots_scanning_options()),
5750 5751
                                  &mrias_cl,
                                  true,   // walk code active on stacks
5752 5753 5754
                                  NULL,
                                  NULL);  // The dirty klasses will be handled below

5755 5756 5757
    assert(should_unload_classes()
           || (roots_scanning_options() & SharedHeap::SO_CodeCache),
           "if we didn't scan the code cache, we have to be ready to drop nmethods with expired weak oops");
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  }
5759 5760 5761 5762 5763 5764 5765 5766 5767 5768 5769 5770 5771 5772 5773 5774 5775 5776 5777 5778 5779 5780 5781 5782 5783 5784 5785 5786 5787 5788 5789 5790 5791 5792 5793 5794 5795

  {
    TraceTime t("visit unhandled CLDs", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);

    verify_work_stacks_empty();

    // Scan all class loader data objects that might have been introduced
    // during concurrent marking.
    ResourceMark rm;
    GrowableArray<ClassLoaderData*>* array = ClassLoaderDataGraph::new_clds();
    for (int i = 0; i < array->length(); i++) {
      mrias_cl.do_class_loader_data(array->at(i));
    }

    // We don't need to keep track of new CLDs anymore.
    ClassLoaderDataGraph::remember_new_clds(false);

    verify_work_stacks_empty();
  }

  {
    TraceTime t("dirty klass scan", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);

    verify_work_stacks_empty();

    RemarkKlassClosure remark_klass_closure(&mrias_cl);
    ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&remark_klass_closure);

    verify_work_stacks_empty();
  }

  // We might have added oops to ClassLoaderData::_handles during the
  // concurrent marking phase. These oops point to newly allocated objects
  // that are guaranteed to be kept alive. Either by the direct allocation
  // code, or when the young collector processes the strong roots. Hence,
  // we don't have to revisit the _handles block during the remark phase.

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  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  // Restore evacuated mark words, if any, used for overflow list links
  if (!CMSOverflowEarlyRestoration) {
    restore_preserved_marks_if_any();
  }
  verify_overflow_empty();
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Parallel Reference Processing Task Proxy Class
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
5807
class CMSRefProcTaskProxy: public AbstractGangTaskWOopQueues {
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  typedef AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor::ProcessTask ProcessTask;
  CMSCollector*          _collector;
  CMSBitMap*             _mark_bit_map;
5811
  const MemRegion        _span;
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  ProcessTask&           _task;

public:
  CMSRefProcTaskProxy(ProcessTask&     task,
                      CMSCollector*    collector,
                      const MemRegion& span,
                      CMSBitMap*       mark_bit_map,
5819
                      AbstractWorkGang* workers,
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                      OopTaskQueueSet* task_queues):
5821 5822 5823 5824
    // XXX Should superclass AGTWOQ also know about AWG since it knows
    // about the task_queues used by the AWG? Then it could initialize
    // the terminator() object. See 6984287. The set_for_termination()
    // below is a temporary band-aid for the regression in 6984287.
5825 5826
    AbstractGangTaskWOopQueues("Process referents by policy in parallel",
      task_queues),
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    _task(task),
5828
    _collector(collector), _span(span), _mark_bit_map(mark_bit_map)
5829 5830 5831 5832 5833
  {
    assert(_collector->_span.equals(_span) && !_span.is_empty(),
           "Inconsistency in _span");
    set_for_termination(workers->active_workers());
  }
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5835
  OopTaskQueueSet* task_queues() { return queues(); }
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  OopTaskQueue* work_queue(int i) { return task_queues()->queue(i); }

  void do_work_steal(int i,
                     CMSParDrainMarkingStackClosure* drain,
                     CMSParKeepAliveClosure* keep_alive,
                     int* seed);

5844
  virtual void work(uint worker_id);
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5845 5846
};

5847
void CMSRefProcTaskProxy::work(uint worker_id) {
5848
  assert(_collector->_span.equals(_span), "Inconsistency in _span");
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  CMSParKeepAliveClosure par_keep_alive(_collector, _span,
5850
                                        _mark_bit_map,
5851
                                        work_queue(worker_id));
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  CMSParDrainMarkingStackClosure par_drain_stack(_collector, _span,
5853
                                                 _mark_bit_map,
5854
                                                 work_queue(worker_id));
5855
  CMSIsAliveClosure is_alive_closure(_span, _mark_bit_map);
5856
  _task.work(worker_id, is_alive_closure, par_keep_alive, par_drain_stack);
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  if (_task.marks_oops_alive()) {
5858 5859
    do_work_steal(worker_id, &par_drain_stack, &par_keep_alive,
                  _collector->hash_seed(worker_id));
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  }
5861
  assert(work_queue(worker_id)->size() == 0, "work_queue should be empty");
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  assert(_collector->_overflow_list == NULL, "non-empty _overflow_list");
}

class CMSRefEnqueueTaskProxy: public AbstractGangTask {
  typedef AbstractRefProcTaskExecutor::EnqueueTask EnqueueTask;
  EnqueueTask& _task;

public:
  CMSRefEnqueueTaskProxy(EnqueueTask& task)
    : AbstractGangTask("Enqueue reference objects in parallel"),
      _task(task)
  { }

5875
  virtual void work(uint worker_id)
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  {
5877
    _task.work(worker_id);
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  }
};

CMSParKeepAliveClosure::CMSParKeepAliveClosure(CMSCollector* collector,
5882
  MemRegion span, CMSBitMap* bit_map, OopTaskQueue* work_queue):
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   _span(span),
   _bit_map(bit_map),
   _work_queue(work_queue),
5886
   _mark_and_push(collector, span, bit_map, work_queue),
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   _low_water_mark(MIN2((uint)(work_queue->max_elems()/4),
                        (uint)(CMSWorkQueueDrainThreshold * ParallelGCThreads)))
{ }

// . see if we can share work_queues with ParNew? XXX
void CMSRefProcTaskProxy::do_work_steal(int i,
  CMSParDrainMarkingStackClosure* drain,
  CMSParKeepAliveClosure* keep_alive,
  int* seed) {
  OopTaskQueue* work_q = work_queue(i);
  NOT_PRODUCT(int num_steals = 0;)
  oop obj_to_scan;

  while (true) {
    // Completely finish any left over work from (an) earlier round(s)
    drain->trim_queue(0);
5903 5904
    size_t num_from_overflow_list = MIN2((size_t)(work_q->max_elems() - work_q->size())/4,
                                         (size_t)ParGCDesiredObjsFromOverflowList);
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    // Now check if there's any work in the overflow list
5906 5907 5908 5909
    // Passing ParallelGCThreads as the third parameter, no_of_gc_threads,
    // only affects the number of attempts made to get work from the
    // overflow list and does not affect the number of workers.  Just
    // pass ParallelGCThreads so this behavior is unchanged.
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    if (_collector->par_take_from_overflow_list(num_from_overflow_list,
5911 5912
                                                work_q,
                                                ParallelGCThreads)) {
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      // Found something in global overflow list;
      // not yet ready to go stealing work from others.
      // We'd like to assert(work_q->size() != 0, ...)
      // because we just took work from the overflow list,
      // but of course we can't, since all of that might have
      // been already stolen from us.
      continue;
    }
    // Verify that we have no work before we resort to stealing
    assert(work_q->size() == 0, "Have work, shouldn't steal");
    // Try to steal from other queues that have work
    if (task_queues()->steal(i, seed, /* reference */ obj_to_scan)) {
      NOT_PRODUCT(num_steals++;)
      assert(obj_to_scan->is_oop(), "Oops, not an oop!");
      assert(_mark_bit_map->isMarked((HeapWord*)obj_to_scan), "Stole an unmarked oop?");
      // Do scanning work
      obj_to_scan->oop_iterate(keep_alive);
      // Loop around, finish this work, and try to steal some more
    } else if (terminator()->offer_termination()) {
      break;  // nirvana from the infinite cycle
    }
  }
  NOT_PRODUCT(
    if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
      gclog_or_tty->print("\n\t(%d: stole %d oops)", i, num_steals);
    }
  )
}

void CMSRefProcTaskExecutor::execute(ProcessTask& task)
{
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
5945
  FlexibleWorkGang* workers = gch->workers();
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  assert(workers != NULL, "Need parallel worker threads.");
  CMSRefProcTaskProxy rp_task(task, &_collector,
                              _collector.ref_processor()->span(),
                              _collector.markBitMap(),
5950
                              workers, _collector.task_queues());
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  workers->run_task(&rp_task);
}

void CMSRefProcTaskExecutor::execute(EnqueueTask& task)
{

  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
5958
  FlexibleWorkGang* workers = gch->workers();
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  assert(workers != NULL, "Need parallel worker threads.");
  CMSRefEnqueueTaskProxy enq_task(task);
  workers->run_task(&enq_task);
}

void CMSCollector::refProcessingWork(bool asynch, bool clear_all_soft_refs) {

  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;

5969 5970 5971
  ReferenceProcessor* rp = ref_processor();
  assert(rp->span().equals(_span), "Spans should be equal");
  assert(!rp->enqueuing_is_done(), "Enqueuing should not be complete");
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  // Process weak references.
5973
  rp->setup_policy(clear_all_soft_refs);
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  verify_work_stacks_empty();

  CMSKeepAliveClosure cmsKeepAliveClosure(this, _span, &_markBitMap,
5977
                                          &_markStack, false /* !preclean */);
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  CMSDrainMarkingStackClosure cmsDrainMarkingStackClosure(this,
                                _span, &_markBitMap, &_markStack,
5980
                                &cmsKeepAliveClosure, false /* !preclean */);
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  {
    TraceTime t("weak refs processing", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);
    if (rp->processing_is_mt()) {
5984 5985 5986 5987 5988
      // Set the degree of MT here.  If the discovery is done MT, there
      // may have been a different number of threads doing the discovery
      // and a different number of discovered lists may have Ref objects.
      // That is OK as long as the Reference lists are balanced (see
      // balance_all_queues() and balance_queues()).
5989 5990 5991 5992 5993 5994 5995 5996 5997 5998 5999
      GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
      int active_workers = ParallelGCThreads;
      FlexibleWorkGang* workers = gch->workers();
      if (workers != NULL) {
        active_workers = workers->active_workers();
        // The expectation is that active_workers will have already
        // been set to a reasonable value.  If it has not been set,
        // investigate.
        assert(active_workers > 0, "Should have been set during scavenge");
      }
      rp->set_active_mt_degree(active_workers);
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      CMSRefProcTaskExecutor task_executor(*this);
6001
      rp->process_discovered_references(&_is_alive_closure,
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                                        &cmsKeepAliveClosure,
                                        &cmsDrainMarkingStackClosure,
                                        &task_executor);
    } else {
6006
      rp->process_discovered_references(&_is_alive_closure,
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                                        &cmsKeepAliveClosure,
                                        &cmsDrainMarkingStackClosure,
                                        NULL);
    }
  }

6013 6014 6015
  // This is the point where the entire marking should have completed.
  verify_work_stacks_empty();

6016
  if (should_unload_classes()) {
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    {
      TraceTime t("class unloading", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);

6020
      // Unload classes and purge the SystemDictionary.
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      bool purged_class = SystemDictionary::do_unloading(&_is_alive_closure);

6023
      // Unload nmethods.
6024
      CodeCache::do_unloading(&_is_alive_closure, purged_class);
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6025

6026
      // Prune dead klasses from subklass/sibling/implementor lists.
6027
      Klass::clean_weak_klass_links(&_is_alive_closure);
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    }

    {
6031
      TraceTime t("scrub symbol table", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);
6032 6033
      // Clean up unreferenced symbols in symbol table.
      SymbolTable::unlink();
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    }
  }

6037 6038 6039
  // CMS doesn't use the StringTable as hard roots when class unloading is turned off.
  // Need to check if we really scanned the StringTable.
  if ((roots_scanning_options() & SharedHeap::SO_Strings) == 0) {
6040
    TraceTime t("scrub string table", PrintGCDetails, false, gclog_or_tty);
6041
    // Delete entries for dead interned strings.
6042 6043 6044
    StringTable::unlink(&_is_alive_closure);
  }

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  // Restore any preserved marks as a result of mark stack or
  // work queue overflow
  restore_preserved_marks_if_any();  // done single-threaded for now

  rp->set_enqueuing_is_done(true);
  if (rp->processing_is_mt()) {
6051
    rp->balance_all_queues();
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    CMSRefProcTaskExecutor task_executor(*this);
    rp->enqueue_discovered_references(&task_executor);
  } else {
    rp->enqueue_discovered_references(NULL);
  }
  rp->verify_no_references_recorded();
  assert(!rp->discovery_enabled(), "should have been disabled");
}

#ifndef PRODUCT
void CMSCollector::check_correct_thread_executing() {
  Thread* t = Thread::current();
  // Only the VM thread or the CMS thread should be here.
  assert(t->is_ConcurrentGC_thread() || t->is_VM_thread(),
         "Unexpected thread type");
  // If this is the vm thread, the foreground process
  // should not be waiting.  Note that _foregroundGCIsActive is
  // true while the foreground collector is waiting.
  if (_foregroundGCShouldWait) {
    // We cannot be the VM thread
    assert(t->is_ConcurrentGC_thread(),
           "Should be CMS thread");
  } else {
    // We can be the CMS thread only if we are in a stop-world
    // phase of CMS collection.
    if (t->is_ConcurrentGC_thread()) {
      assert(_collectorState == InitialMarking ||
             _collectorState == FinalMarking,
             "Should be a stop-world phase");
      // The CMS thread should be holding the CMS_token.
      assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
             "Potential interference with concurrently "
             "executing VM thread");
    }
  }
}
#endif

void CMSCollector::sweep(bool asynch) {
  assert(_collectorState == Sweeping, "just checking");
  check_correct_thread_executing();
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();
6095
  increment_sweep_count();
6096
  TraceCMSMemoryManagerStats tms(_collectorState,GenCollectedHeap::heap()->gc_cause());
6097

6098 6099
  _inter_sweep_timer.stop();
  _inter_sweep_estimate.sample(_inter_sweep_timer.seconds());
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6100 6101
  size_policy()->avg_cms_free_at_sweep()->sample(_cmsGen->free());

6102 6103 6104
  assert(!_intra_sweep_timer.is_active(), "Should not be active");
  _intra_sweep_timer.reset();
  _intra_sweep_timer.start();
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  if (asynch) {
    TraceCPUTime tcpu(PrintGCDetails, true, gclog_or_tty);
    CMSPhaseAccounting pa(this, "sweep", !PrintGCDetails);
6108
    // First sweep the old gen
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    {
      CMSTokenSyncWithLocks ts(true, _cmsGen->freelistLock(),
                               bitMapLock());
      sweepWork(_cmsGen, asynch);
    }

    // Update Universe::_heap_*_at_gc figures.
    // We need all the free list locks to make the abstract state
    // transition from Sweeping to Resetting. See detailed note
    // further below.
    {
6120
      CMSTokenSyncWithLocks ts(true, _cmsGen->freelistLock());
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      // Update heap occupancy information which is used as
      // input to soft ref clearing policy at the next gc.
      Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
      _collectorState = Resizing;
    }
  } else {
    // already have needed locks
    sweepWork(_cmsGen,  asynch);
    // Update heap occupancy information which is used as
    // input to soft ref clearing policy at the next gc.
    Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
    _collectorState = Resizing;
  }
  verify_work_stacks_empty();
  verify_overflow_empty();

6137 6138 6139 6140
  if (should_unload_classes()) {
    ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge();
  }

6141 6142 6143 6144 6145
  _intra_sweep_timer.stop();
  _intra_sweep_estimate.sample(_intra_sweep_timer.seconds());

  _inter_sweep_timer.reset();
  _inter_sweep_timer.start();
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6147 6148 6149 6150 6151
  // We need to use a monotonically non-deccreasing time in ms
  // or we will see time-warp warnings and os::javaTimeMillis()
  // does not guarantee monotonicity.
  jlong now = os::javaTimeNanos() / NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC;
  update_time_of_last_gc(now);
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  // NOTE on abstract state transitions:
  // Mutators allocate-live and/or mark the mod-union table dirty
  // based on the state of the collection.  The former is done in
  // the interval [Marking, Sweeping] and the latter in the interval
  // [Marking, Sweeping).  Thus the transitions into the Marking state
  // and out of the Sweeping state must be synchronously visible
  // globally to the mutators.
  // The transition into the Marking state happens with the world
  // stopped so the mutators will globally see it.  Sweeping is
  // done asynchronously by the background collector so the transition
  // from the Sweeping state to the Resizing state must be done
  // under the freelistLock (as is the check for whether to
  // allocate-live and whether to dirty the mod-union table).
  assert(_collectorState == Resizing, "Change of collector state to"
    " Resizing must be done under the freelistLocks (plural)");

6169 6170
  // Now that sweeping has been completed, we clear
  // the incremental_collection_failed flag,
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  // thus inviting a younger gen collection to promote into
  // this generation. If such a promotion may still fail,
  // the flag will be set again when a young collection is
  // attempted.
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
6176
  gch->clear_incremental_collection_failed();  // Worth retrying as fresh space may have been freed up
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  gch->update_full_collections_completed(_collection_count_start);
}

// FIX ME!!! Looks like this belongs in CFLSpace, with
// CMSGen merely delegating to it.
void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::setNearLargestChunk() {
6183
  double nearLargestPercent = FLSLargestBlockCoalesceProximity;
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6184 6185
  HeapWord*  minAddr        = _cmsSpace->bottom();
  HeapWord*  largestAddr    =
6186
    (HeapWord*) _cmsSpace->dictionary()->find_largest_dict();
6187
  if (largestAddr == NULL) {
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6188 6189 6190 6191 6192 6193 6194
    // The dictionary appears to be empty.  In this case
    // try to coalesce at the end of the heap.
    largestAddr = _cmsSpace->end();
  }
  size_t largestOffset     = pointer_delta(largestAddr, minAddr);
  size_t nearLargestOffset =
    (size_t)((double)largestOffset * nearLargestPercent) - MinChunkSize;
6195 6196 6197 6198 6199 6200 6201
  if (PrintFLSStatistics != 0) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
      "CMS: Large Block: " PTR_FORMAT ";"
      " Proximity: " PTR_FORMAT " -> " PTR_FORMAT,
      largestAddr,
      _cmsSpace->nearLargestChunk(), minAddr + nearLargestOffset);
  }
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  _cmsSpace->set_nearLargestChunk(minAddr + nearLargestOffset);
}

bool ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::isNearLargestChunk(HeapWord* addr) {
  return addr >= _cmsSpace->nearLargestChunk();
}

FreeChunk* ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::find_chunk_at_end() {
  return _cmsSpace->find_chunk_at_end();
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::update_gc_stats(int current_level,
                                                    bool full) {
  // The next lower level has been collected.  Gather any statistics
  // that are of interest at this point.
  if (!full && (current_level + 1) == level()) {
    // Gather statistics on the young generation collection.
    collector()->stats().record_gc0_end(used());
  }
}

CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy* ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::size_policy() {
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  assert(gch->kind() == CollectedHeap::GenCollectedHeap,
    "Wrong type of heap");
  CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy* sp = (CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy*)
    gch->gen_policy()->size_policy();
  assert(sp->is_gc_cms_adaptive_size_policy(),
    "Wrong type of size policy");
  return sp;
}

void ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::rotate_debug_collection_type() {
  if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
    gclog_or_tty->print("Rotate from %d ", _debug_collection_type);
  }
  _debug_collection_type = (CollectionTypes) (_debug_collection_type + 1);
  _debug_collection_type =
    (CollectionTypes) (_debug_collection_type % Unknown_collection_type);
  if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("to %d ", _debug_collection_type);
  }
}

void CMSCollector::sweepWork(ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration* gen,
  bool asynch) {
  // We iterate over the space(s) underlying this generation,
  // checking the mark bit map to see if the bits corresponding
  // to specific blocks are marked or not. Blocks that are
  // marked are live and are not swept up. All remaining blocks
  // are swept up, with coalescing on-the-fly as we sweep up
  // contiguous free and/or garbage blocks:
  // We need to ensure that the sweeper synchronizes with allocators
  // and stop-the-world collectors. In particular, the following
  // locks are used:
  // . CMS token: if this is held, a stop the world collection cannot occur
  // . freelistLock: if this is held no allocation can occur from this
  //                 generation by another thread
  // . bitMapLock: if this is held, no other thread can access or update
  //

  // Note that we need to hold the freelistLock if we use
  // block iterate below; else the iterator might go awry if
  // a mutator (or promotion) causes block contents to change
  // (for instance if the allocator divvies up a block).
  // If we hold the free list lock, for all practical purposes
  // young generation GC's can't occur (they'll usually need to
  // promote), so we might as well prevent all young generation
  // GC's while we do a sweeping step. For the same reason, we might
  // as well take the bit map lock for the entire duration

  // check that we hold the requisite locks
  assert(have_cms_token(), "Should hold cms token");
  assert(   (asynch && ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token())
         || (!asynch && ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::vm_thread_has_cms_token()),
        "Should possess CMS token to sweep");
  assert_lock_strong(gen->freelistLock());
  assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());

6281 6282 6283 6284 6285
  assert(!_inter_sweep_timer.is_active(), "Was switched off in an outer context");
  assert(_intra_sweep_timer.is_active(),  "Was switched on  in an outer context");
  gen->cmsSpace()->beginSweepFLCensus((float)(_inter_sweep_timer.seconds()),
                                      _inter_sweep_estimate.padded_average(),
                                      _intra_sweep_estimate.padded_average());
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6286 6287 6288 6289 6290 6291 6292 6293 6294 6295 6296 6297
  gen->setNearLargestChunk();

  {
    SweepClosure sweepClosure(this, gen, &_markBitMap,
                            CMSYield && asynch);
    gen->cmsSpace()->blk_iterate_careful(&sweepClosure);
    // We need to free-up/coalesce garbage/blocks from a
    // co-terminal free run. This is done in the SweepClosure
    // destructor; so, do not remove this scope, else the
    // end-of-sweep-census below will be off by a little bit.
  }
  gen->cmsSpace()->sweep_completed();
6298
  gen->cmsSpace()->endSweepFLCensus(sweep_count());
6299 6300 6301 6302 6303
  if (should_unload_classes()) {                // unloaded classes this cycle,
    _concurrent_cycles_since_last_unload = 0;   // ... reset count
  } else {                                      // did not unload classes,
    _concurrent_cycles_since_last_unload++;     // ... increment count
  }
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}

// Reset CMS data structures (for now just the marking bit map)
// preparatory for the next cycle.
void CMSCollector::reset(bool asynch) {
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy* sp = size_policy();
  AdaptiveSizePolicyOutput(sp, gch->total_collections());
  if (asynch) {
    CMSTokenSyncWithLocks ts(true, bitMapLock());

    // If the state is not "Resetting", the foreground  thread
    // has done a collection and the resetting.
    if (_collectorState != Resetting) {
      assert(_collectorState == Idling, "The state should only change"
        " because the foreground collector has finished the collection");
      return;
    }

    // Clear the mark bitmap (no grey objects to start with)
    // for the next cycle.
    TraceCPUTime tcpu(PrintGCDetails, true, gclog_or_tty);
    CMSPhaseAccounting cmspa(this, "reset", !PrintGCDetails);

    HeapWord* curAddr = _markBitMap.startWord();
    while (curAddr < _markBitMap.endWord()) {
      size_t remaining  = pointer_delta(_markBitMap.endWord(), curAddr);
      MemRegion chunk(curAddr, MIN2(CMSBitMapYieldQuantum, remaining));
      _markBitMap.clear_large_range(chunk);
      if (ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
          !foregroundGCIsActive() &&
          CMSYield) {
        assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
               "CMS thread should hold CMS token");
        assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());
        bitMapLock()->unlock();
        ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(true);
        ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
        stopTimer();
        if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
          incrementYields();
        }
        icms_wait();

        // See the comment in coordinator_yield()
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < CMSYieldSleepCount &&
6350 6351
                         ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
                         !CMSCollector::foregroundGCIsActive(); ++i) {
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          os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
          ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
        }

        ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(true);
        bitMapLock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
        startTimer();
      }
      curAddr = chunk.end();
    }
6362 6363 6364 6365 6366
    // A successful mostly concurrent collection has been done.
    // Because only the full (i.e., concurrent mode failure) collections
    // are being measured for gc overhead limits, clean the "near" flag
    // and count.
    sp->reset_gc_overhead_limit_count();
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    _collectorState = Idling;
  } else {
    // already have the lock
    assert(_collectorState == Resetting, "just checking");
    assert_lock_strong(bitMapLock());
    _markBitMap.clear_all();
    _collectorState = Idling;
  }

  // Stop incremental mode after a cycle completes, so that any future cycles
  // are triggered by allocation.
  stop_icms();

  NOT_PRODUCT(
    if (RotateCMSCollectionTypes) {
      _cmsGen->rotate_debug_collection_type();
    }
  )
}

6387
void CMSCollector::do_CMS_operation(CMS_op_type op, GCCause::Cause gc_cause) {
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  gclog_or_tty->date_stamp(PrintGC && PrintGCDateStamps);
  TraceCPUTime tcpu(PrintGCDetails, true, gclog_or_tty);
6390
  TraceTime t(GCCauseString("GC", gc_cause), PrintGC, !PrintGCDetails, gclog_or_tty);
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  TraceCollectorStats tcs(counters());

  switch (op) {
    case CMS_op_checkpointRootsInitial: {
6395
      SvcGCMarker sgcm(SvcGCMarker::OTHER);
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      checkpointRootsInitial(true);       // asynch
      if (PrintGC) {
        _cmsGen->printOccupancy("initial-mark");
      }
      break;
    }
    case CMS_op_checkpointRootsFinal: {
6403
      SvcGCMarker sgcm(SvcGCMarker::OTHER);
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      checkpointRootsFinal(true,    // asynch
                           false,   // !clear_all_soft_refs
                           false);  // !init_mark_was_synchronous
      if (PrintGC) {
        _cmsGen->printOccupancy("remark");
      }
      break;
    }
    default:
      fatal("No such CMS_op");
  }
}

#ifndef PRODUCT
size_t const CMSCollector::skip_header_HeapWords() {
  return FreeChunk::header_size();
}

// Try and collect here conditions that should hold when
// CMS thread is exiting. The idea is that the foreground GC
// thread should not be blocked if it wants to terminate
// the CMS thread and yet continue to run the VM for a while
// after that.
void CMSCollector::verify_ok_to_terminate() const {
  assert(Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread(),
         "should be called by CMS thread");
  assert(!_foregroundGCShouldWait, "should be false");
  // We could check here that all the various low-level locks
  // are not held by the CMS thread, but that is overkill; see
  // also CMSThread::verify_ok_to_terminate() where the CGC_lock
  // is checked.
}
#endif

size_t CMSCollector::block_size_using_printezis_bits(HeapWord* addr) const {
6439 6440
   assert(_markBitMap.isMarked(addr) && _markBitMap.isMarked(addr + 1),
          "missing Printezis mark?");
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  HeapWord* nextOneAddr = _markBitMap.getNextMarkedWordAddress(addr + 2);
  size_t size = pointer_delta(nextOneAddr + 1, addr);
  assert(size == CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(size),
         "alignment problem");
  assert(size >= 3, "Necessary for Printezis marks to work");
  return size;
}

// A variant of the above (block_size_using_printezis_bits()) except
// that we return 0 if the P-bits are not yet set.
size_t CMSCollector::block_size_if_printezis_bits(HeapWord* addr) const {
6452 6453
  if (_markBitMap.isMarked(addr + 1)) {
    assert(_markBitMap.isMarked(addr), "P-bit can be set only for marked objects");
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    HeapWord* nextOneAddr = _markBitMap.getNextMarkedWordAddress(addr + 2);
    size_t size = pointer_delta(nextOneAddr + 1, addr);
    assert(size == CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(size),
           "alignment problem");
    assert(size >= 3, "Necessary for Printezis marks to work");
    return size;
  }
6461
  return 0;
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}

HeapWord* CMSCollector::next_card_start_after_block(HeapWord* addr) const {
  size_t sz = 0;
  oop p = (oop)addr;
6467
  if (p->klass_or_null() != NULL) {
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    sz = CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(p->size());
  } else {
    sz = block_size_using_printezis_bits(addr);
  }
  assert(sz > 0, "size must be nonzero");
  HeapWord* next_block = addr + sz;
  HeapWord* next_card  = (HeapWord*)round_to((uintptr_t)next_block,
                                             CardTableModRefBS::card_size);
  assert(round_down((uintptr_t)addr,      CardTableModRefBS::card_size) <
         round_down((uintptr_t)next_card, CardTableModRefBS::card_size),
         "must be different cards");
  return next_card;
}


// CMS Bit Map Wrapper /////////////////////////////////////////

// Construct a CMS bit map infrastructure, but don't create the
// bit vector itself. That is done by a separate call CMSBitMap::allocate()
// further below.
CMSBitMap::CMSBitMap(int shifter, int mutex_rank, const char* mutex_name):
6489
  _bm(),
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  _shifter(shifter),
  _lock(mutex_rank >= 0 ? new Mutex(mutex_rank, mutex_name, true) : NULL)
{
  _bmStartWord = 0;
  _bmWordSize  = 0;
}

bool CMSBitMap::allocate(MemRegion mr) {
  _bmStartWord = mr.start();
  _bmWordSize  = mr.word_size();
  ReservedSpace brs(ReservedSpace::allocation_align_size_up(
                     (_bmWordSize >> (_shifter + LogBitsPerByte)) + 1));
  if (!brs.is_reserved()) {
    warning("CMS bit map allocation failure");
    return false;
  }
  // For now we'll just commit all of the bit map up fromt.
  // Later on we'll try to be more parsimonious with swap.
  if (!_virtual_space.initialize(brs, brs.size())) {
    warning("CMS bit map backing store failure");
    return false;
  }
  assert(_virtual_space.committed_size() == brs.size(),
         "didn't reserve backing store for all of CMS bit map?");
6514
  _bm.set_map((BitMap::bm_word_t*)_virtual_space.low());
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  assert(_virtual_space.committed_size() << (_shifter + LogBitsPerByte) >=
         _bmWordSize, "inconsistency in bit map sizing");
  _bm.set_size(_bmWordSize >> _shifter);

  // bm.clear(); // can we rely on getting zero'd memory? verify below
  assert(isAllClear(),
         "Expected zero'd memory from ReservedSpace constructor");
  assert(_bm.size() == heapWordDiffToOffsetDiff(sizeInWords()),
         "consistency check");
  return true;
}

void CMSBitMap::dirty_range_iterate_clear(MemRegion mr, MemRegionClosure* cl) {
  HeapWord *next_addr, *end_addr, *last_addr;
  assert_locked();
  assert(covers(mr), "out-of-range error");
  // XXX assert that start and end are appropriately aligned
  for (next_addr = mr.start(), end_addr = mr.end();
       next_addr < end_addr; next_addr = last_addr) {
    MemRegion dirty_region = getAndClearMarkedRegion(next_addr, end_addr);
    last_addr = dirty_region.end();
    if (!dirty_region.is_empty()) {
      cl->do_MemRegion(dirty_region);
    } else {
      assert(last_addr == end_addr, "program logic");
      return;
    }
  }
}

6545 6546 6547 6548
void CMSBitMap::print_on_error(outputStream* st, const char* prefix) const {
  _bm.print_on_error(st, prefix);
}

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#ifndef PRODUCT
void CMSBitMap::assert_locked() const {
  CMSLockVerifier::assert_locked(lock());
}

bool CMSBitMap::covers(MemRegion mr) const {
  // assert(_bm.map() == _virtual_space.low(), "map inconsistency");
  assert((size_t)_bm.size() == (_bmWordSize >> _shifter),
         "size inconsistency");
  return (mr.start() >= _bmStartWord) &&
         (mr.end()   <= endWord());
}

bool CMSBitMap::covers(HeapWord* start, size_t size) const {
    return (start >= _bmStartWord && (start + size) <= endWord());
}

void CMSBitMap::verifyNoOneBitsInRange(HeapWord* left, HeapWord* right) {
  // verify that there are no 1 bits in the interval [left, right)
  FalseBitMapClosure falseBitMapClosure;
  iterate(&falseBitMapClosure, left, right);
}

void CMSBitMap::region_invariant(MemRegion mr)
{
  assert_locked();
  // mr = mr.intersection(MemRegion(_bmStartWord, _bmWordSize));
  assert(!mr.is_empty(), "unexpected empty region");
  assert(covers(mr), "mr should be covered by bit map");
  // convert address range into offset range
  size_t start_ofs = heapWordToOffset(mr.start());
  // Make sure that end() is appropriately aligned
  assert(mr.end() == (HeapWord*)round_to((intptr_t)mr.end(),
                        (1 << (_shifter+LogHeapWordSize))),
         "Misaligned mr.end()");
  size_t end_ofs   = heapWordToOffset(mr.end());
  assert(end_ofs > start_ofs, "Should mark at least one bit");
}

#endif

bool CMSMarkStack::allocate(size_t size) {
  // allocate a stack of the requisite depth
  ReservedSpace rs(ReservedSpace::allocation_align_size_up(
                   size * sizeof(oop)));
  if (!rs.is_reserved()) {
    warning("CMSMarkStack allocation failure");
    return false;
  }
  if (!_virtual_space.initialize(rs, rs.size())) {
    warning("CMSMarkStack backing store failure");
    return false;
  }
  assert(_virtual_space.committed_size() == rs.size(),
         "didn't reserve backing store for all of CMS stack?");
  _base = (oop*)(_virtual_space.low());
  _index = 0;
  _capacity = size;
  NOT_PRODUCT(_max_depth = 0);
  return true;
}

// XXX FIX ME !!! In the MT case we come in here holding a
// leaf lock. For printing we need to take a further lock
// which has lower rank. We need to recallibrate the two
// lock-ranks involved in order to be able to rpint the
// messages below. (Or defer the printing to the caller.
// For now we take the expedient path of just disabling the
// messages for the problematic case.)
void CMSMarkStack::expand() {
6619 6620
  assert(_capacity <= MarkStackSizeMax, "stack bigger than permitted");
  if (_capacity == MarkStackSizeMax) {
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    if (_hit_limit++ == 0 && !CMSConcurrentMTEnabled && PrintGCDetails) {
      // We print a warning message only once per CMS cycle.
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" (benign) Hit CMSMarkStack max size limit");
    }
    return;
  }
  // Double capacity if possible
6628
  size_t new_capacity = MIN2(_capacity*2, MarkStackSizeMax);
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  // Do not give up existing stack until we have managed to
  // get the double capacity that we desired.
  ReservedSpace rs(ReservedSpace::allocation_align_size_up(
                   new_capacity * sizeof(oop)));
  if (rs.is_reserved()) {
    // Release the backing store associated with old stack
    _virtual_space.release();
    // Reinitialize virtual space for new stack
    if (!_virtual_space.initialize(rs, rs.size())) {
      fatal("Not enough swap for expanded marking stack");
    }
    _base = (oop*)(_virtual_space.low());
    _index = 0;
    _capacity = new_capacity;
  } else if (_failed_double++ == 0 && !CMSConcurrentMTEnabled && PrintGCDetails) {
    // Failed to double capacity, continue;
    // we print a detail message only once per CMS cycle.
    gclog_or_tty->print(" (benign) Failed to expand marking stack from "SIZE_FORMAT"K to "
            SIZE_FORMAT"K",
            _capacity / K, new_capacity / K);
  }
}


// Closures
// XXX: there seems to be a lot of code  duplication here;
// should refactor and consolidate common code.

// This closure is used to mark refs into the CMS generation in
// the CMS bit map. Called at the first checkpoint. This closure
// assumes that we do not need to re-mark dirty cards; if the CMS
6660
// generation on which this is used is not an oldest
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// generation then this will lose younger_gen cards!

MarkRefsIntoClosure::MarkRefsIntoClosure(
6664
  MemRegion span, CMSBitMap* bitMap):
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    _span(span),
6666
    _bitMap(bitMap)
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{
    assert(_ref_processor == NULL, "deliberately left NULL");
    assert(_bitMap->covers(_span), "_bitMap/_span mismatch");
}

6672
void MarkRefsIntoClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
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  // if p points into _span, then mark corresponding bit in _markBitMap
6674 6675 6676 6677 6678
  assert(obj->is_oop(), "expected an oop");
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
  if (_span.contains(addr)) {
    // this should be made more efficient
    _bitMap->mark(addr);
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  }
}

6682 6683 6684
void MarkRefsIntoClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { MarkRefsIntoClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void MarkRefsIntoClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { MarkRefsIntoClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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// A variant of the above, used for CMS marking verification.
MarkRefsIntoVerifyClosure::MarkRefsIntoVerifyClosure(
6687
  MemRegion span, CMSBitMap* verification_bm, CMSBitMap* cms_bm):
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    _span(span),
    _verification_bm(verification_bm),
6690 6691
    _cms_bm(cms_bm)
{
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    assert(_ref_processor == NULL, "deliberately left NULL");
    assert(_verification_bm->covers(_span), "_verification_bm/_span mismatch");
}

6696
void MarkRefsIntoVerifyClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
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  // if p points into _span, then mark corresponding bit in _markBitMap
6698 6699 6700 6701 6702 6703 6704 6705
  assert(obj->is_oop(), "expected an oop");
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
  if (_span.contains(addr)) {
    _verification_bm->mark(addr);
    if (!_cms_bm->isMarked(addr)) {
      oop(addr)->print();
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" (" INTPTR_FORMAT " should have been marked)", addr);
      fatal("... aborting");
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    }
  }
}

6710 6711 6712
void MarkRefsIntoVerifyClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { MarkRefsIntoVerifyClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void MarkRefsIntoVerifyClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { MarkRefsIntoVerifyClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure
//////////////////////////////////////////////////

MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure(MemRegion span,
                                                       ReferenceProcessor* rp,
                                                       CMSBitMap* bit_map,
                                                       CMSBitMap* mod_union_table,
                                                       CMSMarkStack*  mark_stack,
                                                       CMSCollector* collector,
                                                       bool should_yield,
                                                       bool concurrent_precleaning):
  _collector(collector),
  _span(span),
  _bit_map(bit_map),
  _mark_stack(mark_stack),
  _pushAndMarkClosure(collector, span, rp, bit_map, mod_union_table,
6730
                      mark_stack, concurrent_precleaning),
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  _yield(should_yield),
  _concurrent_precleaning(concurrent_precleaning),
  _freelistLock(NULL)
{
  _ref_processor = rp;
  assert(_ref_processor != NULL, "_ref_processor shouldn't be NULL");
}

// This closure is used to mark refs into the CMS generation at the
// second (final) checkpoint, and to scan and transitively follow
// the unmarked oops. It is also used during the concurrent precleaning
// phase while scanning objects on dirty cards in the CMS generation.
// The marks are made in the marking bit map and the marking stack is
// used for keeping the (newly) grey objects during the scan.
// The parallel version (Par_...) appears further below.
6746 6747 6748 6749 6750 6751 6752
void MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
  if (obj != NULL) {
    assert(obj->is_oop(), "expected an oop");
    HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
    assert(_mark_stack->isEmpty(), "pre-condition (eager drainage)");
    assert(_collector->overflow_list_is_empty(),
           "overflow list should be empty");
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    if (_span.contains(addr) &&
        !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
      // mark bit map (object is now grey)
      _bit_map->mark(addr);
      // push on marking stack (stack should be empty), and drain the
      // stack by applying this closure to the oops in the oops popped
      // from the stack (i.e. blacken the grey objects)
6760
      bool res = _mark_stack->push(obj);
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      assert(res, "Should have space to push on empty stack");
      do {
        oop new_oop = _mark_stack->pop();
        assert(new_oop != NULL && new_oop->is_oop(), "Expected an oop");
        assert(_bit_map->isMarked((HeapWord*)new_oop),
               "only grey objects on this stack");
        // iterate over the oops in this oop, marking and pushing
        // the ones in CMS heap (i.e. in _span).
        new_oop->oop_iterate(&_pushAndMarkClosure);
        // check if it's time to yield
        do_yield_check();
      } while (!_mark_stack->isEmpty() ||
               (!_concurrent_precleaning && take_from_overflow_list()));
        // if marking stack is empty, and we are not doing this
        // during precleaning, then check the overflow list
    }
    assert(_mark_stack->isEmpty(), "post-condition (eager drainage)");
    assert(_collector->overflow_list_is_empty(),
           "overflow list was drained above");
    // We could restore evacuated mark words, if any, used for
    // overflow list links here because the overflow list is
    // provably empty here. That would reduce the maximum
    // size requirements for preserved_{oop,mark}_stack.
    // But we'll just postpone it until we are all done
    // so we can just stream through.
    if (!_concurrent_precleaning && CMSOverflowEarlyRestoration) {
      _collector->restore_preserved_marks_if_any();
      assert(_collector->no_preserved_marks(), "No preserved marks");
    }
    assert(!CMSOverflowEarlyRestoration || _collector->no_preserved_marks(),
           "All preserved marks should have been restored above");
  }
}

6795 6796 6797
void MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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void MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_yield_work() {
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "CMS thread should hold CMS token");
  assert_lock_strong(_freelistLock);
  assert_lock_strong(_bit_map->lock());
  // relinquish the free_list_lock and bitMaplock()
  _bit_map->lock()->unlock();
  _freelistLock->unlock();
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(true);
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  _collector->stopTimer();
  GCPauseTimer p(_collector->size_policy()->concurrent_timer_ptr());
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _collector->incrementYields();
  }
  _collector->icms_wait();

  // See the comment in coordinator_yield()
6816 6817 6818 6819 6820
  for (unsigned i = 0;
       i < CMSYieldSleepCount &&
       ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
       !CMSCollector::foregroundGCIsActive();
       ++i) {
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    os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  }

  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(true);
  _freelistLock->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  _bit_map->lock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  _collector->startTimer();
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure: a parallel version of
//                                 MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure(
  CMSCollector* collector, MemRegion span, ReferenceProcessor* rp,
6837
  CMSBitMap* bit_map, OopTaskQueue* work_queue):
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  _span(span),
  _bit_map(bit_map),
  _work_queue(work_queue),
  _low_water_mark(MIN2((uint)(work_queue->max_elems()/4),
                       (uint)(CMSWorkQueueDrainThreshold * ParallelGCThreads))),
6843
  _par_pushAndMarkClosure(collector, span, rp, bit_map, work_queue)
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{
  _ref_processor = rp;
  assert(_ref_processor != NULL, "_ref_processor shouldn't be NULL");
}

// This closure is used to mark refs into the CMS generation at the
// second (final) checkpoint, and to scan and transitively follow
// the unmarked oops. The marks are made in the marking bit map and
// the work_queue is used for keeping the (newly) grey objects during
// the scan phase whence they are also available for stealing by parallel
// threads. Since the marking bit map is shared, updates are
// synchronized (via CAS).
6856 6857
void Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
  if (obj != NULL) {
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    // Ignore mark word because this could be an already marked oop
    // that may be chained at the end of the overflow list.
6860
    assert(obj->is_oop(true), "expected an oop");
6861
    HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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    if (_span.contains(addr) &&
        !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
      // mark bit map (object will become grey):
      // It is possible for several threads to be
      // trying to "claim" this object concurrently;
      // the unique thread that succeeds in marking the
      // object first will do the subsequent push on
      // to the work queue (or overflow list).
      if (_bit_map->par_mark(addr)) {
        // push on work_queue (which may not be empty), and trim the
        // queue to an appropriate length by applying this closure to
        // the oops in the oops popped from the stack (i.e. blacken the
        // grey objects)
6875
        bool res = _work_queue->push(obj);
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        assert(res, "Low water mark should be less than capacity?");
        trim_queue(_low_water_mark);
      } // Else, another thread claimed the object
    }
  }
}

6883 6884 6885
void Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { Par_MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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// This closure is used to rescan the marked objects on the dirty cards
// in the mod union table and the card table proper.
size_t ScanMarkedObjectsAgainCarefullyClosure::do_object_careful_m(
  oop p, MemRegion mr) {

  size_t size = 0;
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)p;
  DEBUG_ONLY(_collector->verify_work_stacks_empty();)
  assert(_span.contains(addr), "we are scanning the CMS generation");
  // check if it's time to yield
  if (do_yield_check()) {
    // We yielded for some foreground stop-world work,
    // and we have been asked to abort this ongoing preclean cycle.
    return 0;
  }
  if (_bitMap->isMarked(addr)) {
    // it's marked; is it potentially uninitialized?
6903
    if (p->klass_or_null() != NULL) {
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        // an initialized object; ignore mark word in verification below
        // since we are running concurrent with mutators
        assert(p->is_oop(true), "should be an oop");
        if (p->is_objArray()) {
          // objArrays are precisely marked; restrict scanning
          // to dirty cards only.
6910 6911
          size = CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(
                   p->oop_iterate(_scanningClosure, mr));
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        } else {
          // A non-array may have been imprecisely marked; we need
          // to scan object in its entirety.
          size = CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(
                   p->oop_iterate(_scanningClosure));
        }
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        #ifdef ASSERT
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          size_t direct_size =
            CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(p->size());
          assert(size == direct_size, "Inconsistency in size");
          assert(size >= 3, "Necessary for Printezis marks to work");
          if (!_bitMap->isMarked(addr+1)) {
            _bitMap->verifyNoOneBitsInRange(addr+2, addr+size);
          } else {
            _bitMap->verifyNoOneBitsInRange(addr+2, addr+size-1);
            assert(_bitMap->isMarked(addr+size-1),
                   "inconsistent Printezis mark");
          }
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        #endif // ASSERT
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    } else {
      // an unitialized object
      assert(_bitMap->isMarked(addr+1), "missing Printezis mark?");
      HeapWord* nextOneAddr = _bitMap->getNextMarkedWordAddress(addr + 2);
      size = pointer_delta(nextOneAddr + 1, addr);
      assert(size == CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(size),
             "alignment problem");
      // Note that pre-cleaning needn't redirty the card. OopDesc::set_klass()
      // will dirty the card when the klass pointer is installed in the
      // object (signalling the completion of initialization).
    }
  } else {
    // Either a not yet marked object or an uninitialized object
6944
    if (p->klass_or_null() == NULL) {
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      // An uninitialized object, skip to the next card, since
      // we may not be able to read its P-bits yet.
      assert(size == 0, "Initial value");
    } else {
      // An object not (yet) reached by marking: we merely need to
      // compute its size so as to go look at the next block.
      assert(p->is_oop(true), "should be an oop");
      size = CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(p->size());
    }
  }
  DEBUG_ONLY(_collector->verify_work_stacks_empty();)
  return size;
}

void ScanMarkedObjectsAgainCarefullyClosure::do_yield_work() {
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "CMS thread should hold CMS token");
  assert_lock_strong(_freelistLock);
  assert_lock_strong(_bitMap->lock());
  // relinquish the free_list_lock and bitMaplock()
  _bitMap->lock()->unlock();
  _freelistLock->unlock();
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(true);
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  _collector->stopTimer();
  GCPauseTimer p(_collector->size_policy()->concurrent_timer_ptr());
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _collector->incrementYields();
  }
  _collector->icms_wait();

  // See the comment in coordinator_yield()
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < CMSYieldSleepCount &&
6978 6979
                   ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
                   !CMSCollector::foregroundGCIsActive(); ++i) {
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    os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  }

  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(true);
  _freelistLock->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  _bitMap->lock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  _collector->startTimer();
}


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// SurvivorSpacePrecleanClosure
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// This (single-threaded) closure is used to preclean the oops in
// the survivor spaces.
size_t SurvivorSpacePrecleanClosure::do_object_careful(oop p) {

  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)p;
  DEBUG_ONLY(_collector->verify_work_stacks_empty();)
  assert(!_span.contains(addr), "we are scanning the survivor spaces");
7001
  assert(p->klass_or_null() != NULL, "object should be initializd");
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  // an initialized object; ignore mark word in verification below
  // since we are running concurrent with mutators
  assert(p->is_oop(true), "should be an oop");
  // Note that we do not yield while we iterate over
  // the interior oops of p, pushing the relevant ones
  // on our marking stack.
  size_t size = p->oop_iterate(_scanning_closure);
  do_yield_check();
  // Observe that below, we do not abandon the preclean
  // phase as soon as we should; rather we empty the
  // marking stack before returning. This is to satisfy
  // some existing assertions. In general, it may be a
  // good idea to abort immediately and complete the marking
  // from the grey objects at a later time.
  while (!_mark_stack->isEmpty()) {
    oop new_oop = _mark_stack->pop();
    assert(new_oop != NULL && new_oop->is_oop(), "Expected an oop");
    assert(_bit_map->isMarked((HeapWord*)new_oop),
           "only grey objects on this stack");
    // iterate over the oops in this oop, marking and pushing
    // the ones in CMS heap (i.e. in _span).
    new_oop->oop_iterate(_scanning_closure);
    // check if it's time to yield
    do_yield_check();
  }
  unsigned int after_count =
    GenCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections();
  bool abort = (_before_count != after_count) ||
               _collector->should_abort_preclean();
  return abort ? 0 : size;
}

void SurvivorSpacePrecleanClosure::do_yield_work() {
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "CMS thread should hold CMS token");
  assert_lock_strong(_bit_map->lock());
  // Relinquish the bit map lock
  _bit_map->lock()->unlock();
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(true);
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  _collector->stopTimer();
  GCPauseTimer p(_collector->size_policy()->concurrent_timer_ptr());
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _collector->incrementYields();
  }
  _collector->icms_wait();

  // See the comment in coordinator_yield()
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < CMSYieldSleepCount &&
                       ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
                       !CMSCollector::foregroundGCIsActive(); ++i) {
    os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  }

  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(true);
  _bit_map->lock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  _collector->startTimer();
}

// This closure is used to rescan the marked objects on the dirty cards
// in the mod union table and the card table proper. In the parallel
// case, although the bitMap is shared, we do a single read so the
// isMarked() query is "safe".
bool ScanMarkedObjectsAgainClosure::do_object_bm(oop p, MemRegion mr) {
  // Ignore mark word because we are running concurrent with mutators
  assert(p->is_oop_or_null(true), "expected an oop or null");
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)p;
  assert(_span.contains(addr), "we are scanning the CMS generation");
  bool is_obj_array = false;
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  #ifdef ASSERT
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    if (!_parallel) {
      assert(_mark_stack->isEmpty(), "pre-condition (eager drainage)");
      assert(_collector->overflow_list_is_empty(),
             "overflow list should be empty");

    }
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  #endif // ASSERT
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  if (_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
    // Obj arrays are precisely marked, non-arrays are not;
    // so we scan objArrays precisely and non-arrays in their
    // entirety.
    if (p->is_objArray()) {
      is_obj_array = true;
      if (_parallel) {
        p->oop_iterate(_par_scan_closure, mr);
      } else {
        p->oop_iterate(_scan_closure, mr);
      }
    } else {
      if (_parallel) {
        p->oop_iterate(_par_scan_closure);
      } else {
        p->oop_iterate(_scan_closure);
      }
    }
  }
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  #ifdef ASSERT
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    if (!_parallel) {
      assert(_mark_stack->isEmpty(), "post-condition (eager drainage)");
      assert(_collector->overflow_list_is_empty(),
             "overflow list should be empty");

    }
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  #endif // ASSERT
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  return is_obj_array;
}

MarkFromRootsClosure::MarkFromRootsClosure(CMSCollector* collector,
                        MemRegion span,
                        CMSBitMap* bitMap, CMSMarkStack*  markStack,
                        bool should_yield, bool verifying):
  _collector(collector),
  _span(span),
  _bitMap(bitMap),
  _mut(&collector->_modUnionTable),
  _markStack(markStack),
  _yield(should_yield),
  _skipBits(0)
{
  assert(_markStack->isEmpty(), "stack should be empty");
  _finger = _bitMap->startWord();
  _threshold = _finger;
  assert(_collector->_restart_addr == NULL, "Sanity check");
  assert(_span.contains(_finger), "Out of bounds _finger?");
  DEBUG_ONLY(_verifying = verifying;)
}

void MarkFromRootsClosure::reset(HeapWord* addr) {
  assert(_markStack->isEmpty(), "would cause duplicates on stack");
  assert(_span.contains(addr), "Out of bounds _finger?");
  _finger = addr;
  _threshold = (HeapWord*)round_to(
                 (intptr_t)_finger, CardTableModRefBS::card_size);
}

// Should revisit to see if this should be restructured for
// greater efficiency.
7140
bool MarkFromRootsClosure::do_bit(size_t offset) {
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  if (_skipBits > 0) {
    _skipBits--;
7143
    return true;
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  }
  // convert offset into a HeapWord*
  HeapWord* addr = _bitMap->startWord() + offset;
  assert(_bitMap->endWord() && addr < _bitMap->endWord(),
         "address out of range");
  assert(_bitMap->isMarked(addr), "tautology");
  if (_bitMap->isMarked(addr+1)) {
    // this is an allocated but not yet initialized object
    assert(_skipBits == 0, "tautology");
    _skipBits = 2;  // skip next two marked bits ("Printezis-marks")
    oop p = oop(addr);
7155
    if (p->klass_or_null() == NULL) {
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      DEBUG_ONLY(if (!_verifying) {)
        // We re-dirty the cards on which this object lies and increase
        // the _threshold so that we'll come back to scan this object
        // during the preclean or remark phase. (CMSCleanOnEnter)
        if (CMSCleanOnEnter) {
          size_t sz = _collector->block_size_using_printezis_bits(addr);
          HeapWord* end_card_addr   = (HeapWord*)round_to(
                                         (intptr_t)(addr+sz), CardTableModRefBS::card_size);
7164
          MemRegion redirty_range = MemRegion(addr, end_card_addr);
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          assert(!redirty_range.is_empty(), "Arithmetical tautology");
          // Bump _threshold to end_card_addr; note that
          // _threshold cannot possibly exceed end_card_addr, anyhow.
          // This prevents future clearing of the card as the scan proceeds
          // to the right.
          assert(_threshold <= end_card_addr,
                 "Because we are just scanning into this object");
          if (_threshold < end_card_addr) {
            _threshold = end_card_addr;
          }
7175
          if (p->klass_or_null() != NULL) {
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            // Redirty the range of cards...
            _mut->mark_range(redirty_range);
          } // ...else the setting of klass will dirty the card anyway.
        }
      DEBUG_ONLY(})
7181
      return true;
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    }
  }
  scanOopsInOop(addr);
7185
  return true;
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}

// We take a break if we've been at this for a while,
// so as to avoid monopolizing the locks involved.
void MarkFromRootsClosure::do_yield_work() {
  // First give up the locks, then yield, then re-lock
  // We should probably use a constructor/destructor idiom to
  // do this unlock/lock or modify the MutexUnlocker class to
  // serve our purpose. XXX
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "CMS thread should hold CMS token");
  assert_lock_strong(_bitMap->lock());
  _bitMap->lock()->unlock();
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(true);
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  _collector->stopTimer();
  GCPauseTimer p(_collector->size_policy()->concurrent_timer_ptr());
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _collector->incrementYields();
  }
  _collector->icms_wait();

  // See the comment in coordinator_yield()
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < CMSYieldSleepCount &&
                       ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
                       !CMSCollector::foregroundGCIsActive(); ++i) {
    os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  }

  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(true);
  _bitMap->lock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  _collector->startTimer();
}

void MarkFromRootsClosure::scanOopsInOop(HeapWord* ptr) {
  assert(_bitMap->isMarked(ptr), "expected bit to be set");
  assert(_markStack->isEmpty(),
         "should drain stack to limit stack usage");
  // convert ptr to an oop preparatory to scanning
7226
  oop obj = oop(ptr);
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  // Ignore mark word in verification below, since we
  // may be running concurrent with mutators.
7229
  assert(obj->is_oop(true), "should be an oop");
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  assert(_finger <= ptr, "_finger runneth ahead");
  // advance the finger to right end of this object
7232
  _finger = ptr + obj->size();
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  assert(_finger > ptr, "we just incremented it above");
  // On large heaps, it may take us some time to get through
  // the marking phase (especially if running iCMS). During
  // this time it's possible that a lot of mutations have
  // accumulated in the card table and the mod union table --
  // these mutation records are redundant until we have
  // actually traced into the corresponding card.
  // Here, we check whether advancing the finger would make
  // us cross into a new card, and if so clear corresponding
  // cards in the MUT (preclean them in the card-table in the
  // future).

  DEBUG_ONLY(if (!_verifying) {)
    // The clean-on-enter optimization is disabled by default,
    // until we fix 6178663.
    if (CMSCleanOnEnter && (_finger > _threshold)) {
      // [_threshold, _finger) represents the interval
      // of cards to be cleared  in MUT (or precleaned in card table).
      // The set of cards to be cleared is all those that overlap
      // with the interval [_threshold, _finger); note that
      // _threshold is always kept card-aligned but _finger isn't
      // always card-aligned.
      HeapWord* old_threshold = _threshold;
      assert(old_threshold == (HeapWord*)round_to(
              (intptr_t)old_threshold, CardTableModRefBS::card_size),
             "_threshold should always be card-aligned");
      _threshold = (HeapWord*)round_to(
                     (intptr_t)_finger, CardTableModRefBS::card_size);
      MemRegion mr(old_threshold, _threshold);
      assert(!mr.is_empty(), "Control point invariant");
      assert(_span.contains(mr), "Should clear within span");
      _mut->clear_range(mr);
    }
  DEBUG_ONLY(})
  // Note: the finger doesn't advance while we drain
  // the stack below.
  PushOrMarkClosure pushOrMarkClosure(_collector,
                                      _span, _bitMap, _markStack,
                                      _finger, this);
7272
  bool res = _markStack->push(obj);
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  assert(res, "Empty non-zero size stack should have space for single push");
  while (!_markStack->isEmpty()) {
    oop new_oop = _markStack->pop();
    // Skip verifying header mark word below because we are
    // running concurrent with mutators.
    assert(new_oop->is_oop(true), "Oops! expected to pop an oop");
    // now scan this oop's oops
    new_oop->oop_iterate(&pushOrMarkClosure);
    do_yield_check();
  }
  assert(_markStack->isEmpty(), "tautology, emphasizing post-condition");
}

Par_MarkFromRootsClosure::Par_MarkFromRootsClosure(CMSConcMarkingTask* task,
                       CMSCollector* collector, MemRegion span,
                       CMSBitMap* bit_map,
                       OopTaskQueue* work_queue,
                       CMSMarkStack*  overflow_stack,
                       bool should_yield):
  _collector(collector),
  _whole_span(collector->_span),
  _span(span),
  _bit_map(bit_map),
  _mut(&collector->_modUnionTable),
  _work_queue(work_queue),
  _overflow_stack(overflow_stack),
  _yield(should_yield),
  _skip_bits(0),
  _task(task)
{
  assert(_work_queue->size() == 0, "work_queue should be empty");
  _finger = span.start();
  _threshold = _finger;     // XXX Defer clear-on-enter optimization for now
  assert(_span.contains(_finger), "Out of bounds _finger?");
}

// Should revisit to see if this should be restructured for
// greater efficiency.
7311
bool Par_MarkFromRootsClosure::do_bit(size_t offset) {
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  if (_skip_bits > 0) {
    _skip_bits--;
7314
    return true;
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  }
  // convert offset into a HeapWord*
  HeapWord* addr = _bit_map->startWord() + offset;
  assert(_bit_map->endWord() && addr < _bit_map->endWord(),
         "address out of range");
  assert(_bit_map->isMarked(addr), "tautology");
  if (_bit_map->isMarked(addr+1)) {
    // this is an allocated object that might not yet be initialized
    assert(_skip_bits == 0, "tautology");
    _skip_bits = 2;  // skip next two marked bits ("Printezis-marks")
    oop p = oop(addr);
7326
    if (p->klass_or_null() == NULL) {
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      // in the case of Clean-on-Enter optimization, redirty card
      // and avoid clearing card by increasing  the threshold.
7329
      return true;
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    }
  }
  scan_oops_in_oop(addr);
7333
  return true;
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}

void Par_MarkFromRootsClosure::scan_oops_in_oop(HeapWord* ptr) {
  assert(_bit_map->isMarked(ptr), "expected bit to be set");
  // Should we assert that our work queue is empty or
  // below some drain limit?
  assert(_work_queue->size() == 0,
         "should drain stack to limit stack usage");
  // convert ptr to an oop preparatory to scanning
7343
  oop obj = oop(ptr);
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  // Ignore mark word in verification below, since we
  // may be running concurrent with mutators.
7346
  assert(obj->is_oop(true), "should be an oop");
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  assert(_finger <= ptr, "_finger runneth ahead");
  // advance the finger to right end of this object
7349
  _finger = ptr + obj->size();
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  assert(_finger > ptr, "we just incremented it above");
  // On large heaps, it may take us some time to get through
  // the marking phase (especially if running iCMS). During
  // this time it's possible that a lot of mutations have
  // accumulated in the card table and the mod union table --
  // these mutation records are redundant until we have
  // actually traced into the corresponding card.
  // Here, we check whether advancing the finger would make
  // us cross into a new card, and if so clear corresponding
  // cards in the MUT (preclean them in the card-table in the
  // future).

  // The clean-on-enter optimization is disabled by default,
  // until we fix 6178663.
  if (CMSCleanOnEnter && (_finger > _threshold)) {
    // [_threshold, _finger) represents the interval
    // of cards to be cleared  in MUT (or precleaned in card table).
    // The set of cards to be cleared is all those that overlap
    // with the interval [_threshold, _finger); note that
    // _threshold is always kept card-aligned but _finger isn't
    // always card-aligned.
    HeapWord* old_threshold = _threshold;
    assert(old_threshold == (HeapWord*)round_to(
            (intptr_t)old_threshold, CardTableModRefBS::card_size),
           "_threshold should always be card-aligned");
    _threshold = (HeapWord*)round_to(
                   (intptr_t)_finger, CardTableModRefBS::card_size);
    MemRegion mr(old_threshold, _threshold);
    assert(!mr.is_empty(), "Control point invariant");
    assert(_span.contains(mr), "Should clear within span"); // _whole_span ??
    _mut->clear_range(mr);
  }

  // Note: the local finger doesn't advance while we drain
  // the stack below, but the global finger sure can and will.
  HeapWord** gfa = _task->global_finger_addr();
  Par_PushOrMarkClosure pushOrMarkClosure(_collector,
                                      _span, _bit_map,
                                      _work_queue,
                                      _overflow_stack,
                                      _finger,
                                      gfa, this);
7392
  bool res = _work_queue->push(obj);   // overflow could occur here
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  assert(res, "Will hold once we use workqueues");
  while (true) {
    oop new_oop;
    if (!_work_queue->pop_local(new_oop)) {
      // We emptied our work_queue; check if there's stuff that can
      // be gotten from the overflow stack.
      if (CMSConcMarkingTask::get_work_from_overflow_stack(
            _overflow_stack, _work_queue)) {
        do_yield_check();
        continue;
      } else {  // done
        break;
      }
    }
    // Skip verifying header mark word below because we are
    // running concurrent with mutators.
    assert(new_oop->is_oop(true), "Oops! expected to pop an oop");
    // now scan this oop's oops
    new_oop->oop_iterate(&pushOrMarkClosure);
    do_yield_check();
  }
  assert(_work_queue->size() == 0, "tautology, emphasizing post-condition");
}

// Yield in response to a request from VM Thread or
// from mutators.
void Par_MarkFromRootsClosure::do_yield_work() {
  assert(_task != NULL, "sanity");
  _task->yield();
}

// A variant of the above used for verifying CMS marking work.
MarkFromRootsVerifyClosure::MarkFromRootsVerifyClosure(CMSCollector* collector,
                        MemRegion span,
                        CMSBitMap* verification_bm, CMSBitMap* cms_bm,
                        CMSMarkStack*  mark_stack):
  _collector(collector),
  _span(span),
  _verification_bm(verification_bm),
  _cms_bm(cms_bm),
  _mark_stack(mark_stack),
  _pam_verify_closure(collector, span, verification_bm, cms_bm,
                      mark_stack)
{
  assert(_mark_stack->isEmpty(), "stack should be empty");
  _finger = _verification_bm->startWord();
  assert(_collector->_restart_addr == NULL, "Sanity check");
  assert(_span.contains(_finger), "Out of bounds _finger?");
}

void MarkFromRootsVerifyClosure::reset(HeapWord* addr) {
  assert(_mark_stack->isEmpty(), "would cause duplicates on stack");
  assert(_span.contains(addr), "Out of bounds _finger?");
  _finger = addr;
}

// Should revisit to see if this should be restructured for
// greater efficiency.
7451
bool MarkFromRootsVerifyClosure::do_bit(size_t offset) {
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  // convert offset into a HeapWord*
  HeapWord* addr = _verification_bm->startWord() + offset;
  assert(_verification_bm->endWord() && addr < _verification_bm->endWord(),
         "address out of range");
  assert(_verification_bm->isMarked(addr), "tautology");
  assert(_cms_bm->isMarked(addr), "tautology");

  assert(_mark_stack->isEmpty(),
         "should drain stack to limit stack usage");
  // convert addr to an oop preparatory to scanning
7462 7463
  oop obj = oop(addr);
  assert(obj->is_oop(), "should be an oop");
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  assert(_finger <= addr, "_finger runneth ahead");
  // advance the finger to right end of this object
7466
  _finger = addr + obj->size();
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  assert(_finger > addr, "we just incremented it above");
  // Note: the finger doesn't advance while we drain
  // the stack below.
7470
  bool res = _mark_stack->push(obj);
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  assert(res, "Empty non-zero size stack should have space for single push");
  while (!_mark_stack->isEmpty()) {
    oop new_oop = _mark_stack->pop();
    assert(new_oop->is_oop(), "Oops! expected to pop an oop");
    // now scan this oop's oops
    new_oop->oop_iterate(&_pam_verify_closure);
  }
  assert(_mark_stack->isEmpty(), "tautology, emphasizing post-condition");
7479
  return true;
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}

PushAndMarkVerifyClosure::PushAndMarkVerifyClosure(
  CMSCollector* collector, MemRegion span,
  CMSBitMap* verification_bm, CMSBitMap* cms_bm,
  CMSMarkStack*  mark_stack):
7486
  CMSOopClosure(collector->ref_processor()),
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  _collector(collector),
  _span(span),
  _verification_bm(verification_bm),
  _cms_bm(cms_bm),
  _mark_stack(mark_stack)
{ }

7494 7495
void PushAndMarkVerifyClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { PushAndMarkVerifyClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void PushAndMarkVerifyClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { PushAndMarkVerifyClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
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// Upon stack overflow, we discard (part of) the stack,
// remembering the least address amongst those discarded
// in CMSCollector's _restart_address.
void PushAndMarkVerifyClosure::handle_stack_overflow(HeapWord* lost) {
  // Remember the least grey address discarded
  HeapWord* ra = (HeapWord*)_mark_stack->least_value(lost);
  _collector->lower_restart_addr(ra);
  _mark_stack->reset();  // discard stack contents
  _mark_stack->expand(); // expand the stack if possible
}

7508 7509 7510
void PushAndMarkVerifyClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
  assert(obj->is_oop_or_null(), "expected an oop or NULL");
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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  if (_span.contains(addr) && !_verification_bm->isMarked(addr)) {
    // Oop lies in _span and isn't yet grey or black
    _verification_bm->mark(addr);            // now grey
    if (!_cms_bm->isMarked(addr)) {
      oop(addr)->print();
7516 7517
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" (" INTPTR_FORMAT " should have been marked)",
                             addr);
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      fatal("... aborting");
    }

7521
    if (!_mark_stack->push(obj)) { // stack overflow
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      if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
        gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS marking stack overflow (benign) at "
                               SIZE_FORMAT, _mark_stack->capacity());
      }
      assert(_mark_stack->isFull(), "Else push should have succeeded");
      handle_stack_overflow(addr);
    }
    // anything including and to the right of _finger
    // will be scanned as we iterate over the remainder of the
    // bit map
  }
}

PushOrMarkClosure::PushOrMarkClosure(CMSCollector* collector,
                     MemRegion span,
                     CMSBitMap* bitMap, CMSMarkStack*  markStack,
                     HeapWord* finger, MarkFromRootsClosure* parent) :
7539 7540
  CMSOopClosure(collector->ref_processor()),
  _collector(collector),
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  _span(span),
  _bitMap(bitMap),
  _markStack(markStack),
  _finger(finger),
7545
  _parent(parent)
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{ }

Par_PushOrMarkClosure::Par_PushOrMarkClosure(CMSCollector* collector,
                     MemRegion span,
                     CMSBitMap* bit_map,
                     OopTaskQueue* work_queue,
                     CMSMarkStack*  overflow_stack,
                     HeapWord* finger,
                     HeapWord** global_finger_addr,
                     Par_MarkFromRootsClosure* parent) :
7556 7557
  CMSOopClosure(collector->ref_processor()),
  _collector(collector),
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  _whole_span(collector->_span),
  _span(span),
  _bit_map(bit_map),
  _work_queue(work_queue),
  _overflow_stack(overflow_stack),
  _finger(finger),
  _global_finger_addr(global_finger_addr),
7565
  _parent(parent)
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{ }

7568 7569
// Assumes thread-safe access by callers, who are
// responsible for mutual exclusion.
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void CMSCollector::lower_restart_addr(HeapWord* low) {
  assert(_span.contains(low), "Out of bounds addr");
  if (_restart_addr == NULL) {
    _restart_addr = low;
  } else {
    _restart_addr = MIN2(_restart_addr, low);
  }
}

// Upon stack overflow, we discard (part of) the stack,
// remembering the least address amongst those discarded
// in CMSCollector's _restart_address.
void PushOrMarkClosure::handle_stack_overflow(HeapWord* lost) {
  // Remember the least grey address discarded
  HeapWord* ra = (HeapWord*)_markStack->least_value(lost);
  _collector->lower_restart_addr(ra);
  _markStack->reset();  // discard stack contents
  _markStack->expand(); // expand the stack if possible
}

// Upon stack overflow, we discard (part of) the stack,
// remembering the least address amongst those discarded
// in CMSCollector's _restart_address.
void Par_PushOrMarkClosure::handle_stack_overflow(HeapWord* lost) {
  // We need to do this under a mutex to prevent other
7595
  // workers from interfering with the work done below.
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  MutexLockerEx ml(_overflow_stack->par_lock(),
                   Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  // Remember the least grey address discarded
  HeapWord* ra = (HeapWord*)_overflow_stack->least_value(lost);
  _collector->lower_restart_addr(ra);
  _overflow_stack->reset();  // discard stack contents
  _overflow_stack->expand(); // expand the stack if possible
}

7605 7606 7607 7608 7609
void CMKlassClosure::do_klass(Klass* k) {
  assert(_oop_closure != NULL, "Not initialized?");
  k->oops_do(_oop_closure);
}

7610
void PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
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  // Ignore mark word because we are running concurrent with mutators.
7612 7613
  assert(obj->is_oop_or_null(true), "expected an oop or NULL");
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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  if (_span.contains(addr) && !_bitMap->isMarked(addr)) {
    // Oop lies in _span and isn't yet grey or black
    _bitMap->mark(addr);            // now grey
    if (addr < _finger) {
      // the bit map iteration has already either passed, or
      // sampled, this bit in the bit map; we'll need to
      // use the marking stack to scan this oop's oops.
      bool simulate_overflow = false;
      NOT_PRODUCT(
        if (CMSMarkStackOverflowALot &&
            _collector->simulate_overflow()) {
          // simulate a stack overflow
          simulate_overflow = true;
        }
      )
7629
      if (simulate_overflow || !_markStack->push(obj)) { // stack overflow
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        if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS marking stack overflow (benign) at "
                                 SIZE_FORMAT, _markStack->capacity());
        }
        assert(simulate_overflow || _markStack->isFull(), "Else push should have succeeded");
        handle_stack_overflow(addr);
      }
    }
    // anything including and to the right of _finger
    // will be scanned as we iterate over the remainder of the
    // bit map
    do_yield_check();
  }
}

7645 7646 7647 7648
void PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

void Par_PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
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  // Ignore mark word because we are running concurrent with mutators.
7650 7651
  assert(obj->is_oop_or_null(true), "expected an oop or NULL");
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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  if (_whole_span.contains(addr) && !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
    // Oop lies in _span and isn't yet grey or black
    // We read the global_finger (volatile read) strictly after marking oop
    bool res = _bit_map->par_mark(addr);    // now grey
    volatile HeapWord** gfa = (volatile HeapWord**)_global_finger_addr;
    // Should we push this marked oop on our stack?
    // -- if someone else marked it, nothing to do
    // -- if target oop is above global finger nothing to do
    // -- if target oop is in chunk and above local finger
    //      then nothing to do
    // -- else push on work queue
    if (   !res       // someone else marked it, they will deal with it
        || (addr >= *gfa)  // will be scanned in a later task
        || (_span.contains(addr) && addr >= _finger)) { // later in this chunk
      return;
    }
    // the bit map iteration has already either passed, or
    // sampled, this bit in the bit map; we'll need to
    // use the marking stack to scan this oop's oops.
    bool simulate_overflow = false;
    NOT_PRODUCT(
      if (CMSMarkStackOverflowALot &&
          _collector->simulate_overflow()) {
        // simulate a stack overflow
        simulate_overflow = true;
      }
    )
    if (simulate_overflow ||
7680
        !(_work_queue->push(obj) || _overflow_stack->par_push(obj))) {
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      // stack overflow
      if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
        gclog_or_tty->print_cr("CMS marking stack overflow (benign) at "
                               SIZE_FORMAT, _overflow_stack->capacity());
      }
      // We cannot assert that the overflow stack is full because
      // it may have been emptied since.
      assert(simulate_overflow ||
             _work_queue->size() == _work_queue->max_elems(),
            "Else push should have succeeded");
      handle_stack_overflow(addr);
    }
    do_yield_check();
  }
}

7697 7698
void Par_PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { Par_PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void Par_PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { Par_PushOrMarkClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
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PushAndMarkClosure::PushAndMarkClosure(CMSCollector* collector,
                                       MemRegion span,
                                       ReferenceProcessor* rp,
                                       CMSBitMap* bit_map,
                                       CMSBitMap* mod_union_table,
                                       CMSMarkStack*  mark_stack,
                                       bool           concurrent_precleaning):
7707 7708
  CMSOopClosure(rp),
  _collector(collector),
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  _span(span),
  _bit_map(bit_map),
  _mod_union_table(mod_union_table),
  _mark_stack(mark_stack),
7713
  _concurrent_precleaning(concurrent_precleaning)
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{
  assert(_ref_processor != NULL, "_ref_processor shouldn't be NULL");
}

// Grey object rescan during pre-cleaning and second checkpoint phases --
// the non-parallel version (the parallel version appears further below.)
7720
void PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
7721 7722 7723 7724 7725 7726
  // Ignore mark word verification. If during concurrent precleaning,
  // the object monitor may be locked. If during the checkpoint
  // phases, the object may already have been reached by a  different
  // path and may be at the end of the global overflow list (so
  // the mark word may be NULL).
  assert(obj->is_oop_or_null(true /* ignore mark word */),
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         "expected an oop or NULL");
7728
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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  // Check if oop points into the CMS generation
  // and is not marked
  if (_span.contains(addr) && !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
    // a white object ...
    _bit_map->mark(addr);         // ... now grey
    // push on the marking stack (grey set)
    bool simulate_overflow = false;
    NOT_PRODUCT(
      if (CMSMarkStackOverflowALot &&
          _collector->simulate_overflow()) {
        // simulate a stack overflow
        simulate_overflow = true;
      }
    )
7743
    if (simulate_overflow || !_mark_stack->push(obj)) {
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      if (_concurrent_precleaning) {
7745
         // During precleaning we can just dirty the appropriate card(s)
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         // in the mod union table, thus ensuring that the object remains
7747 7748 7749 7750 7751 7752 7753 7754 7755 7756 7757 7758 7759 7760 7761 7762 7763
         // in the grey set  and continue. In the case of object arrays
         // we need to dirty all of the cards that the object spans,
         // since the rescan of object arrays will be limited to the
         // dirty cards.
         // Note that no one can be intefering with us in this action
         // of dirtying the mod union table, so no locking or atomics
         // are required.
         if (obj->is_objArray()) {
           size_t sz = obj->size();
           HeapWord* end_card_addr = (HeapWord*)round_to(
                                        (intptr_t)(addr+sz), CardTableModRefBS::card_size);
           MemRegion redirty_range = MemRegion(addr, end_card_addr);
           assert(!redirty_range.is_empty(), "Arithmetical tautology");
           _mod_union_table->mark_range(redirty_range);
         } else {
           _mod_union_table->mark(addr);
         }
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         _collector->_ser_pmc_preclean_ovflw++;
      } else {
         // During the remark phase, we need to remember this oop
         // in the overflow list.
7768
         _collector->push_on_overflow_list(obj);
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         _collector->_ser_pmc_remark_ovflw++;
      }
    }
  }
}

Par_PushAndMarkClosure::Par_PushAndMarkClosure(CMSCollector* collector,
                                               MemRegion span,
                                               ReferenceProcessor* rp,
                                               CMSBitMap* bit_map,
7779 7780 7781
                                               OopTaskQueue* work_queue):
  CMSOopClosure(rp),
  _collector(collector),
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  _span(span),
  _bit_map(bit_map),
7784
  _work_queue(work_queue)
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{
  assert(_ref_processor != NULL, "_ref_processor shouldn't be NULL");
}

7789 7790 7791
void PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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// Grey object rescan during second checkpoint phase --
// the parallel version.
7794
void Par_PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
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  // In the assert below, we ignore the mark word because
  // this oop may point to an already visited object that is
  // on the overflow stack (in which case the mark word has
  // been hijacked for chaining into the overflow stack --
  // if this is the last object in the overflow stack then
  // its mark word will be NULL). Because this object may
  // have been subsequently popped off the global overflow
  // stack, and the mark word possibly restored to the prototypical
  // value, by the time we get to examined this failing assert in
  // the debugger, is_oop_or_null(false) may subsequently start
  // to hold.
7806
  assert(obj->is_oop_or_null(true),
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         "expected an oop or NULL");
7808
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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  // Check if oop points into the CMS generation
  // and is not marked
  if (_span.contains(addr) && !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
    // a white object ...
    // If we manage to "claim" the object, by being the
    // first thread to mark it, then we push it on our
    // marking stack
    if (_bit_map->par_mark(addr)) {     // ... now grey
      // push on work queue (grey set)
      bool simulate_overflow = false;
      NOT_PRODUCT(
        if (CMSMarkStackOverflowALot &&
            _collector->par_simulate_overflow()) {
          // simulate a stack overflow
          simulate_overflow = true;
        }
      )
7826 7827
      if (simulate_overflow || !_work_queue->push(obj)) {
        _collector->par_push_on_overflow_list(obj);
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        _collector->_par_pmc_remark_ovflw++; //  imprecise OK: no need to CAS
      }
    } // Else, some other thread got there first
  }
}

7834 7835 7836
void Par_PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { Par_PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void Par_PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { Par_PushAndMarkClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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void CMSPrecleanRefsYieldClosure::do_yield_work() {
  Mutex* bml = _collector->bitMapLock();
  assert_lock_strong(bml);
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "CMS thread should hold CMS token");

  bml->unlock();
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(true);

  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();

  _collector->stopTimer();
  GCPauseTimer p(_collector->size_policy()->concurrent_timer_ptr());
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _collector->incrementYields();
  }
  _collector->icms_wait();

  // See the comment in coordinator_yield()
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < CMSYieldSleepCount &&
                       ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
                       !CMSCollector::foregroundGCIsActive(); ++i) {
    os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  }

  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(true);
  bml->lock();

  _collector->startTimer();
}

bool CMSPrecleanRefsYieldClosure::should_return() {
  if (ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield()) {
    do_yield_work();
  }
  return _collector->foregroundGCIsActive();
}

void MarkFromDirtyCardsClosure::do_MemRegion(MemRegion mr) {
  assert(((size_t)mr.start())%CardTableModRefBS::card_size_in_words == 0,
         "mr should be aligned to start at a card boundary");
  // We'd like to assert:
  // assert(mr.word_size()%CardTableModRefBS::card_size_in_words == 0,
  //        "mr should be a range of cards");
  // However, that would be too strong in one case -- the last
  // partition ends at _unallocated_block which, in general, can be
  // an arbitrary boundary, not necessarily card aligned.
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _num_dirty_cards +=
         mr.word_size()/CardTableModRefBS::card_size_in_words;
  }
  _space->object_iterate_mem(mr, &_scan_cl);
}

SweepClosure::SweepClosure(CMSCollector* collector,
                           ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration* g,
                           CMSBitMap* bitMap, bool should_yield) :
  _collector(collector),
  _g(g),
  _sp(g->cmsSpace()),
  _limit(_sp->sweep_limit()),
  _freelistLock(_sp->freelistLock()),
  _bitMap(bitMap),
  _yield(should_yield),
  _inFreeRange(false),           // No free range at beginning of sweep
  _freeRangeInFreeLists(false),  // No free range at beginning of sweep
  _lastFreeRangeCoalesced(false),
  _freeFinger(g->used_region().start())
{
  NOT_PRODUCT(
    _numObjectsFreed = 0;
    _numWordsFreed   = 0;
    _numObjectsLive = 0;
    _numWordsLive = 0;
    _numObjectsAlreadyFree = 0;
    _numWordsAlreadyFree = 0;
    _last_fc = NULL;

    _sp->initializeIndexedFreeListArrayReturnedBytes();
7917
    _sp->dictionary()->initialize_dict_returned_bytes();
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  )
  assert(_limit >= _sp->bottom() && _limit <= _sp->end(),
         "sweep _limit out of bounds");
  if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
7922 7923
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("\n====================\nStarting new sweep with limit " PTR_FORMAT,
                        _limit);
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  }
}

7927 7928 7929 7930 7931 7932 7933 7934 7935 7936 7937 7938 7939 7940 7941
void SweepClosure::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
  tty->print_cr("_sp = [" PTR_FORMAT "," PTR_FORMAT ")",
                _sp->bottom(), _sp->end());
  tty->print_cr("_limit = " PTR_FORMAT, _limit);
  tty->print_cr("_freeFinger = " PTR_FORMAT, _freeFinger);
  NOT_PRODUCT(tty->print_cr("_last_fc = " PTR_FORMAT, _last_fc);)
  tty->print_cr("_inFreeRange = %d, _freeRangeInFreeLists = %d, _lastFreeRangeCoalesced = %d",
                _inFreeRange, _freeRangeInFreeLists, _lastFreeRangeCoalesced);
}

#ifndef PRODUCT
// Assertion checking only:  no useful work in product mode --
// however, if any of the flags below become product flags,
// you may need to review this code to see if it needs to be
// enabled in product mode.
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SweepClosure::~SweepClosure() {
  assert_lock_strong(_freelistLock);
7944 7945
  assert(_limit >= _sp->bottom() && _limit <= _sp->end(),
         "sweep _limit out of bounds");
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  if (inFreeRange()) {
7947 7948 7949 7950 7951 7952 7953 7954 7955 7956 7957 7958 7959 7960 7961 7962 7963 7964
    warning("inFreeRange() should have been reset; dumping state of SweepClosure");
    print();
    ShouldNotReachHere();
  }
  if (Verbose && PrintGC) {
    gclog_or_tty->print("Collected "SIZE_FORMAT" objects, " SIZE_FORMAT " bytes",
                        _numObjectsFreed, _numWordsFreed*sizeof(HeapWord));
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("\nLive "SIZE_FORMAT" objects,  "
                           SIZE_FORMAT" bytes  "
      "Already free "SIZE_FORMAT" objects, "SIZE_FORMAT" bytes",
      _numObjectsLive, _numWordsLive*sizeof(HeapWord),
      _numObjectsAlreadyFree, _numWordsAlreadyFree*sizeof(HeapWord));
    size_t totalBytes = (_numWordsFreed + _numWordsLive + _numWordsAlreadyFree)
                        * sizeof(HeapWord);
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Total sweep: "SIZE_FORMAT" bytes", totalBytes);

    if (PrintCMSStatistics && CMSVerifyReturnedBytes) {
      size_t indexListReturnedBytes = _sp->sumIndexedFreeListArrayReturnedBytes();
7965 7966 7967
      size_t dict_returned_bytes = _sp->dictionary()->sum_dict_returned_bytes();
      size_t returned_bytes = indexListReturnedBytes + dict_returned_bytes;
      gclog_or_tty->print("Returned "SIZE_FORMAT" bytes", returned_bytes);
7968 7969 7970
      gclog_or_tty->print("   Indexed List Returned "SIZE_FORMAT" bytes",
        indexListReturnedBytes);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("        Dictionary Returned "SIZE_FORMAT" bytes",
7971
        dict_returned_bytes);
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    }
7973
  }
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  if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
7975 7976
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("end of sweep with _limit = " PTR_FORMAT "\n================",
                           _limit);
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7977 7978
  }
}
7979
#endif  // PRODUCT
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void SweepClosure::initialize_free_range(HeapWord* freeFinger,
    bool freeRangeInFreeLists) {
  if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
7984 7985
    gclog_or_tty->print("---- Start free range at 0x%x with free block (%d)\n",
               freeFinger, freeRangeInFreeLists);
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  }
  assert(!inFreeRange(), "Trampling existing free range");
  set_inFreeRange(true);
  set_lastFreeRangeCoalesced(false);

  set_freeFinger(freeFinger);
  set_freeRangeInFreeLists(freeRangeInFreeLists);
  if (CMSTestInFreeList) {
    if (freeRangeInFreeLists) {
      FreeChunk* fc = (FreeChunk*) freeFinger;
7996
      assert(fc->is_free(), "A chunk on the free list should be free.");
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      assert(fc->size() > 0, "Free range should have a size");
7998
      assert(_sp->verify_chunk_in_free_list(fc), "Chunk is not in free lists");
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    }
  }
}

// Note that the sweeper runs concurrently with mutators. Thus,
// it is possible for direct allocation in this generation to happen
// in the middle of the sweep. Note that the sweeper also coalesces
// contiguous free blocks. Thus, unless the sweeper and the allocator
// synchronize appropriately freshly allocated blocks may get swept up.
// This is accomplished by the sweeper locking the free lists while
// it is sweeping. Thus blocks that are determined to be free are
// indeed free. There is however one additional complication:
// blocks that have been allocated since the final checkpoint and
// mark, will not have been marked and so would be treated as
// unreachable and swept up. To prevent this, the allocator marks
// the bit map when allocating during the sweep phase. This leads,
// however, to a further complication -- objects may have been allocated
// but not yet initialized -- in the sense that the header isn't yet
// installed. The sweeper can not then determine the size of the block
// in order to skip over it. To deal with this case, we use a technique
// (due to Printezis) to encode such uninitialized block sizes in the
// bit map. Since the bit map uses a bit per every HeapWord, but the
// CMS generation has a minimum object size of 3 HeapWords, it follows
// that "normal marks" won't be adjacent in the bit map (there will
// always be at least two 0 bits between successive 1 bits). We make use
// of these "unused" bits to represent uninitialized blocks -- the bit
// corresponding to the start of the uninitialized object and the next
// bit are both set. Finally, a 1 bit marks the end of the object that
// started with the two consecutive 1 bits to indicate its potentially
// uninitialized state.

size_t SweepClosure::do_blk_careful(HeapWord* addr) {
  FreeChunk* fc = (FreeChunk*)addr;
  size_t res;

8034 8035 8036 8037 8038
  // Check if we are done sweeping. Below we check "addr >= _limit" rather
  // than "addr == _limit" because although _limit was a block boundary when
  // we started the sweep, it may no longer be one because heap expansion
  // may have caused us to coalesce the block ending at the address _limit
  // with a newly expanded chunk (this happens when _limit was set to the
8039 8040
  // previous _end of the space), so we may have stepped past _limit:
  // see the following Zeno-like trail of CRs 6977970, 7008136, 7042740.
8041
  if (addr >= _limit) { // we have swept up to or past the limit: finish up
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    assert(_limit >= _sp->bottom() && _limit <= _sp->end(),
           "sweep _limit out of bounds");
8044
    assert(addr < _sp->end(), "addr out of bounds");
8045
    // Flush any free range we might be holding as a single
8046 8047
    // coalesced chunk to the appropriate free list.
    if (inFreeRange()) {
8048 8049
      assert(freeFinger() >= _sp->bottom() && freeFinger() < _limit,
             err_msg("freeFinger() " PTR_FORMAT" is out-of-bounds", freeFinger()));
8050 8051 8052 8053 8054 8055 8056 8057 8058 8059 8060 8061
      flush_cur_free_chunk(freeFinger(),
                           pointer_delta(addr, freeFinger()));
      if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
        gclog_or_tty->print("Sweep: last chunk: ");
        gclog_or_tty->print("put_free_blk 0x%x ("SIZE_FORMAT") "
                   "[coalesced:"SIZE_FORMAT"]\n",
                   freeFinger(), pointer_delta(addr, freeFinger()),
                   lastFreeRangeCoalesced());
      }
    }

    // help the iterator loop finish
8062
    return pointer_delta(_sp->end(), addr);
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  }

8065
  assert(addr < _limit, "sweep invariant");
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  // check if we should yield
  do_yield_check(addr);
8068
  if (fc->is_free()) {
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    // Chunk that is already free
    res = fc->size();
8071
    do_already_free_chunk(fc);
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    debug_only(_sp->verifyFreeLists());
8073 8074 8075 8076 8077 8078 8079 8080 8081 8082
    // If we flush the chunk at hand in lookahead_and_flush()
    // and it's coalesced with a preceding chunk, then the
    // process of "mangling" the payload of the coalesced block
    // will cause erasure of the size information from the
    // (erstwhile) header of all the coalesced blocks but the
    // first, so the first disjunct in the assert will not hold
    // in that specific case (in which case the second disjunct
    // will hold).
    assert(res == fc->size() || ((HeapWord*)fc) + res >= _limit,
           "Otherwise the size info doesn't change at this step");
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    NOT_PRODUCT(
      _numObjectsAlreadyFree++;
      _numWordsAlreadyFree += res;
    )
    NOT_PRODUCT(_last_fc = fc;)
  } else if (!_bitMap->isMarked(addr)) {
    // Chunk is fresh garbage
8090
    res = do_garbage_chunk(fc);
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    debug_only(_sp->verifyFreeLists());
    NOT_PRODUCT(
      _numObjectsFreed++;
      _numWordsFreed += res;
    )
  } else {
    // Chunk that is alive.
8098
    res = do_live_chunk(fc);
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    debug_only(_sp->verifyFreeLists());
    NOT_PRODUCT(
        _numObjectsLive++;
        _numWordsLive += res;
    )
  }
  return res;
}

// For the smart allocation, record following
//  split deaths - a free chunk is removed from its free list because
//      it is being split into two or more chunks.
//  split birth - a free chunk is being added to its free list because
//      a larger free chunk has been split and resulted in this free chunk.
//  coal death - a free chunk is being removed from its free list because
//      it is being coalesced into a large free chunk.
//  coal birth - a free chunk is being added to its free list because
//      it was created when two or more free chunks where coalesced into
//      this free chunk.
//
// These statistics are used to determine the desired number of free
// chunks of a given size.  The desired number is chosen to be relative
// to the end of a CMS sweep.  The desired number at the end of a sweep
// is the
//      count-at-end-of-previous-sweep (an amount that was enough)
//              - count-at-beginning-of-current-sweep  (the excess)
//              + split-births  (gains in this size during interval)
//              - split-deaths  (demands on this size during interval)
// where the interval is from the end of one sweep to the end of the
// next.
//
// When sweeping the sweeper maintains an accumulated chunk which is
// the chunk that is made up of chunks that have been coalesced.  That
// will be termed the left-hand chunk.  A new chunk of garbage that
// is being considered for coalescing will be referred to as the
// right-hand chunk.
//
// When making a decision on whether to coalesce a right-hand chunk with
// the current left-hand chunk, the current count vs. the desired count
// of the left-hand chunk is considered.  Also if the right-hand chunk
// is near the large chunk at the end of the heap (see
// ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::isNearLargestChunk()), then the
// left-hand chunk is coalesced.
//
// When making a decision about whether to split a chunk, the desired count
// vs. the current count of the candidate to be split is also considered.
// If the candidate is underpopulated (currently fewer chunks than desired)
// a chunk of an overpopulated (currently more chunks than desired) size may
// be chosen.  The "hint" associated with a free list, if non-null, points
// to a free list which may be overpopulated.
//

8151
void SweepClosure::do_already_free_chunk(FreeChunk* fc) {
8152
  const size_t size = fc->size();
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  // Chunks that cannot be coalesced are not in the
  // free lists.
  if (CMSTestInFreeList && !fc->cantCoalesce()) {
8156
    assert(_sp->verify_chunk_in_free_list(fc),
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      "free chunk should be in free lists");
  }
  // a chunk that is already free, should not have been
  // marked in the bit map
8161
  HeapWord* const addr = (HeapWord*) fc;
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  assert(!_bitMap->isMarked(addr), "free chunk should be unmarked");
  // Verify that the bit map has no bits marked between
  // addr and purported end of this block.
  _bitMap->verifyNoOneBitsInRange(addr + 1, addr + size);

8167
  // Some chunks cannot be coalesced under any circumstances.
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  // See the definition of cantCoalesce().
  if (!fc->cantCoalesce()) {
    // This chunk can potentially be coalesced.
    if (_sp->adaptive_freelists()) {
      // All the work is done in
8173
      do_post_free_or_garbage_chunk(fc, size);
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    } else {  // Not adaptive free lists
      // this is a free chunk that can potentially be coalesced by the sweeper;
      if (!inFreeRange()) {
        // if the next chunk is a free block that can't be coalesced
        // it doesn't make sense to remove this chunk from the free lists
        FreeChunk* nextChunk = (FreeChunk*)(addr + size);
8180 8181
        assert((HeapWord*)nextChunk <= _sp->end(), "Chunk size out of bounds?");
        if ((HeapWord*)nextChunk < _sp->end() &&     // There is another free chunk to the right ...
8182
            nextChunk->is_free()               &&     // ... which is free...
8183
            nextChunk->cantCoalesce()) {             // ... but can't be coalesced
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          // nothing to do
        } else {
          // Potentially the start of a new free range:
          // Don't eagerly remove it from the free lists.
          // No need to remove it if it will just be put
          // back again.  (Also from a pragmatic point of view
          // if it is a free block in a region that is beyond
          // any allocated blocks, an assertion will fail)
          // Remember the start of a free run.
          initialize_free_range(addr, true);
          // end - can coalesce with next chunk
        }
      } else {
        // the midst of a free range, we are coalescing
8198
        print_free_block_coalesced(fc);
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        if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
          gclog_or_tty->print("  -- pick up free block 0x%x (%d)\n", fc, size);
        }
        // remove it from the free lists
        _sp->removeFreeChunkFromFreeLists(fc);
        set_lastFreeRangeCoalesced(true);
        // If the chunk is being coalesced and the current free range is
        // in the free lists, remove the current free range so that it
        // will be returned to the free lists in its entirety - all
        // the coalesced pieces included.
        if (freeRangeInFreeLists()) {
          FreeChunk* ffc = (FreeChunk*) freeFinger();
          assert(ffc->size() == pointer_delta(addr, freeFinger()),
            "Size of free range is inconsistent with chunk size.");
          if (CMSTestInFreeList) {
8214
            assert(_sp->verify_chunk_in_free_list(ffc),
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              "free range is not in free lists");
          }
          _sp->removeFreeChunkFromFreeLists(ffc);
          set_freeRangeInFreeLists(false);
        }
      }
    }
8222 8223 8224 8225
    // Note that if the chunk is not coalescable (the else arm
    // below), we unconditionally flush, without needing to do
    // a "lookahead," as we do below.
    if (inFreeRange()) lookahead_and_flush(fc, size);
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  } else {
    // Code path common to both original and adaptive free lists.

    // cant coalesce with previous block; this should be treated
    // as the end of a free run if any
    if (inFreeRange()) {
      // we kicked some butt; time to pick up the garbage
8233 8234
      assert(freeFinger() < addr, "freeFinger points too high");
      flush_cur_free_chunk(freeFinger(), pointer_delta(addr, freeFinger()));
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    }
    // else, nothing to do, just continue
  }
}

8240
size_t SweepClosure::do_garbage_chunk(FreeChunk* fc) {
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  // This is a chunk of garbage.  It is not in any free list.
  // Add it to a free list or let it possibly be coalesced into
  // a larger chunk.
8244 8245
  HeapWord* const addr = (HeapWord*) fc;
  const size_t size = CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(oop(addr)->size());
D
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8246 8247 8248 8249 8250 8251

  if (_sp->adaptive_freelists()) {
    // Verify that the bit map has no bits marked between
    // addr and purported end of just dead object.
    _bitMap->verifyNoOneBitsInRange(addr + 1, addr + size);

8252
    do_post_free_or_garbage_chunk(fc, size);
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  } else {
    if (!inFreeRange()) {
      // start of a new free range
      assert(size > 0, "A free range should have a size");
      initialize_free_range(addr, false);
    } else {
      // this will be swept up when we hit the end of the
      // free range
      if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
        gclog_or_tty->print("  -- pick up garbage 0x%x (%d) \n", fc, size);
      }
      // If the chunk is being coalesced and the current free range is
      // in the free lists, remove the current free range so that it
      // will be returned to the free lists in its entirety - all
      // the coalesced pieces included.
      if (freeRangeInFreeLists()) {
        FreeChunk* ffc = (FreeChunk*)freeFinger();
        assert(ffc->size() == pointer_delta(addr, freeFinger()),
          "Size of free range is inconsistent with chunk size.");
        if (CMSTestInFreeList) {
8273
          assert(_sp->verify_chunk_in_free_list(ffc),
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            "free range is not in free lists");
        }
        _sp->removeFreeChunkFromFreeLists(ffc);
        set_freeRangeInFreeLists(false);
      }
      set_lastFreeRangeCoalesced(true);
    }
    // this will be swept up when we hit the end of the free range

    // Verify that the bit map has no bits marked between
    // addr and purported end of just dead object.
    _bitMap->verifyNoOneBitsInRange(addr + 1, addr + size);
  }
8287 8288 8289
  assert(_limit >= addr + size,
         "A freshly garbage chunk can't possibly straddle over _limit");
  if (inFreeRange()) lookahead_and_flush(fc, size);
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  return size;
}

8293
size_t SweepClosure::do_live_chunk(FreeChunk* fc) {
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  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*) fc;
  // The sweeper has just found a live object. Return any accumulated
  // left hand chunk to the free lists.
  if (inFreeRange()) {
8298 8299
    assert(freeFinger() < addr, "freeFinger points too high");
    flush_cur_free_chunk(freeFinger(), pointer_delta(addr, freeFinger()));
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8300 8301
  }

8302
  // This object is live: we'd normally expect this to be
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  // an oop, and like to assert the following:
  // assert(oop(addr)->is_oop(), "live block should be an oop");
  // However, as we commented above, this may be an object whose
  // header hasn't yet been initialized.
  size_t size;
  assert(_bitMap->isMarked(addr), "Tautology for this control point");
  if (_bitMap->isMarked(addr + 1)) {
    // Determine the size from the bit map, rather than trying to
    // compute it from the object header.
    HeapWord* nextOneAddr = _bitMap->getNextMarkedWordAddress(addr + 2);
    size = pointer_delta(nextOneAddr + 1, addr);
    assert(size == CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(size),
           "alignment problem");

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8317
#ifdef ASSERT
8318
      if (oop(addr)->klass_or_null() != NULL) {
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        // Ignore mark word because we are running concurrent with mutators
        assert(oop(addr)->is_oop(true), "live block should be an oop");
        assert(size ==
               CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(oop(addr)->size()),
               "P-mark and computed size do not agree");
      }
8325
#endif
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  } else {
    // This should be an initialized object that's alive.
8329
    assert(oop(addr)->klass_or_null() != NULL,
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           "Should be an initialized object");
    // Ignore mark word because we are running concurrent with mutators
    assert(oop(addr)->is_oop(true), "live block should be an oop");
    // Verify that the bit map has no bits marked between
    // addr and purported end of this block.
    size = CompactibleFreeListSpace::adjustObjectSize(oop(addr)->size());
    assert(size >= 3, "Necessary for Printezis marks to work");
    assert(!_bitMap->isMarked(addr+1), "Tautology for this control point");
    DEBUG_ONLY(_bitMap->verifyNoOneBitsInRange(addr+2, addr+size);)
  }
  return size;
}

8343 8344 8345 8346
void SweepClosure::do_post_free_or_garbage_chunk(FreeChunk* fc,
                                                 size_t chunkSize) {
  // do_post_free_or_garbage_chunk() should only be called in the case
  // of the adaptive free list allocator.
8347
  const bool fcInFreeLists = fc->is_free();
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  assert(_sp->adaptive_freelists(), "Should only be used in this case.");
  assert((HeapWord*)fc <= _limit, "sweep invariant");
  if (CMSTestInFreeList && fcInFreeLists) {
8351
    assert(_sp->verify_chunk_in_free_list(fc), "free chunk is not in free lists");
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  }

  if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  -- pick up another chunk at 0x%x (%d)", fc, chunkSize);
  }

8358
  HeapWord* const fc_addr = (HeapWord*) fc;
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  bool coalesce;
8361 8362
  const size_t left  = pointer_delta(fc_addr, freeFinger());
  const size_t right = chunkSize;
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  switch (FLSCoalescePolicy) {
    // numeric value forms a coalition aggressiveness metric
    case 0:  { // never coalesce
      coalesce = false;
      break;
    }
    case 1: { // coalesce if left & right chunks on overpopulated lists
      coalesce = _sp->coalOverPopulated(left) &&
                 _sp->coalOverPopulated(right);
      break;
    }
    case 2: { // coalesce if left chunk on overpopulated list (default)
      coalesce = _sp->coalOverPopulated(left);
      break;
    }
    case 3: { // coalesce if left OR right chunk on overpopulated list
      coalesce = _sp->coalOverPopulated(left) ||
                 _sp->coalOverPopulated(right);
      break;
    }
    case 4: { // always coalesce
      coalesce = true;
      break;
    }
    default:
     ShouldNotReachHere();
  }

  // Should the current free range be coalesced?
  // If the chunk is in a free range and either we decided to coalesce above
  // or the chunk is near the large block at the end of the heap
  // (isNearLargestChunk() returns true), then coalesce this chunk.
8395 8396
  const bool doCoalesce = inFreeRange()
                          && (coalesce || _g->isNearLargestChunk(fc_addr));
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  if (doCoalesce) {
    // Coalesce the current free range on the left with the new
    // chunk on the right.  If either is on a free list,
    // it must be removed from the list and stashed in the closure.
    if (freeRangeInFreeLists()) {
8402 8403
      FreeChunk* const ffc = (FreeChunk*)freeFinger();
      assert(ffc->size() == pointer_delta(fc_addr, freeFinger()),
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        "Size of free range is inconsistent with chunk size.");
      if (CMSTestInFreeList) {
8406
        assert(_sp->verify_chunk_in_free_list(ffc),
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          "Chunk is not in free lists");
      }
      _sp->coalDeath(ffc->size());
      _sp->removeFreeChunkFromFreeLists(ffc);
      set_freeRangeInFreeLists(false);
    }
    if (fcInFreeLists) {
      _sp->coalDeath(chunkSize);
      assert(fc->size() == chunkSize,
        "The chunk has the wrong size or is not in the free lists");
      _sp->removeFreeChunkFromFreeLists(fc);
    }
    set_lastFreeRangeCoalesced(true);
8420
    print_free_block_coalesced(fc);
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  } else {  // not in a free range and/or should not coalesce
    // Return the current free range and start a new one.
    if (inFreeRange()) {
      // In a free range but cannot coalesce with the right hand chunk.
      // Put the current free range into the free lists.
8426
      flush_cur_free_chunk(freeFinger(),
8427
                           pointer_delta(fc_addr, freeFinger()));
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    }
    // Set up for new free range.  Pass along whether the right hand
    // chunk is in the free lists.
    initialize_free_range((HeapWord*)fc, fcInFreeLists);
  }
}
8434

8435 8436 8437 8438 8439 8440 8441 8442 8443 8444 8445 8446 8447 8448 8449 8450 8451 8452 8453 8454
// Lookahead flush:
// If we are tracking a free range, and this is the last chunk that
// we'll look at because its end crosses past _limit, we'll preemptively
// flush it along with any free range we may be holding on to. Note that
// this can be the case only for an already free or freshly garbage
// chunk. If this block is an object, it can never straddle
// over _limit. The "straddling" occurs when _limit is set at
// the previous end of the space when this cycle started, and
// a subsequent heap expansion caused the previously co-terminal
// free block to be coalesced with the newly expanded portion,
// thus rendering _limit a non-block-boundary making it dangerous
// for the sweeper to step over and examine.
void SweepClosure::lookahead_and_flush(FreeChunk* fc, size_t chunk_size) {
  assert(inFreeRange(), "Should only be called if currently in a free range.");
  HeapWord* const eob = ((HeapWord*)fc) + chunk_size;
  assert(_sp->used_region().contains(eob - 1),
         err_msg("eob = " PTR_FORMAT " out of bounds wrt _sp = [" PTR_FORMAT "," PTR_FORMAT ")"
                 " when examining fc = " PTR_FORMAT "(" SIZE_FORMAT ")",
                 _limit, _sp->bottom(), _sp->end(), fc, chunk_size));
  if (eob >= _limit) {
8455
    assert(eob == _limit || fc->is_free(), "Only a free chunk should allow us to cross over the limit");
8456 8457 8458 8459 8460 8461 8462 8463 8464 8465 8466 8467 8468 8469 8470
    if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("_limit " PTR_FORMAT " reached or crossed by block "
                             "[" PTR_FORMAT "," PTR_FORMAT ") in space "
                             "[" PTR_FORMAT "," PTR_FORMAT ")",
                             _limit, fc, eob, _sp->bottom(), _sp->end());
    }
    // Return the storage we are tracking back into the free lists.
    if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Flushing ... ");
    }
    assert(freeFinger() < eob, "Error");
    flush_cur_free_chunk( freeFinger(), pointer_delta(eob, freeFinger()));
  }
}

8471
void SweepClosure::flush_cur_free_chunk(HeapWord* chunk, size_t size) {
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  assert(inFreeRange(), "Should only be called if currently in a free range.");
  assert(size > 0,
    "A zero sized chunk cannot be added to the free lists.");
  if (!freeRangeInFreeLists()) {
8476
    if (CMSTestInFreeList) {
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      FreeChunk* fc = (FreeChunk*) chunk;
8478 8479
      fc->set_size(size);
      assert(!_sp->verify_chunk_in_free_list(fc),
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        "chunk should not be in free lists yet");
    }
    if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" -- add free block 0x%x (%d) to free lists",
                    chunk, size);
    }
    // A new free range is going to be starting.  The current
    // free range has not been added to the free lists yet or
    // was removed so add it back.
    // If the current free range was coalesced, then the death
    // of the free range was recorded.  Record a birth now.
    if (lastFreeRangeCoalesced()) {
      _sp->coalBirth(size);
    }
    _sp->addChunkAndRepairOffsetTable(chunk, size,
            lastFreeRangeCoalesced());
8496 8497
  } else if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Already in free list: nothing to flush");
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  }
  set_inFreeRange(false);
  set_freeRangeInFreeLists(false);
}

// We take a break if we've been at this for a while,
// so as to avoid monopolizing the locks involved.
void SweepClosure::do_yield_work(HeapWord* addr) {
  // Return current free chunk being used for coalescing (if any)
  // to the appropriate freelist.  After yielding, the next
  // free block encountered will start a coalescing range of
  // free blocks.  If the next free block is adjacent to the
  // chunk just flushed, they will need to wait for the next
  // sweep to be coalesced.
  if (inFreeRange()) {
8513
    flush_cur_free_chunk(freeFinger(), pointer_delta(addr, freeFinger()));
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  }

  // First give up the locks, then yield, then re-lock.
  // We should probably use a constructor/destructor idiom to
  // do this unlock/lock or modify the MutexUnlocker class to
  // serve our purpose. XXX
  assert_lock_strong(_bitMap->lock());
  assert_lock_strong(_freelistLock);
  assert(ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::cms_thread_has_cms_token(),
         "CMS thread should hold CMS token");
  _bitMap->lock()->unlock();
  _freelistLock->unlock();
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::desynchronize(true);
  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  _collector->stopTimer();
  GCPauseTimer p(_collector->size_policy()->concurrent_timer_ptr());
  if (PrintCMSStatistics != 0) {
    _collector->incrementYields();
  }
  _collector->icms_wait();

  // See the comment in coordinator_yield()
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < CMSYieldSleepCount &&
                       ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::should_yield() &&
                       !CMSCollector::foregroundGCIsActive(); ++i) {
    os::sleep(Thread::current(), 1, false);
    ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::acknowledge_yield_request();
  }

  ConcurrentMarkSweepThread::synchronize(true);
  _freelistLock->lock();
  _bitMap->lock()->lock_without_safepoint_check();
  _collector->startTimer();
}

#ifndef PRODUCT
// This is actually very useful in a product build if it can
// be called from the debugger.  Compile it into the product
// as needed.
8553 8554
bool debug_verify_chunk_in_free_list(FreeChunk* fc) {
  return debug_cms_space->verify_chunk_in_free_list(fc);
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}
8556
#endif
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8558
void SweepClosure::print_free_block_coalesced(FreeChunk* fc) const {
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  if (CMSTraceSweeper) {
8560 8561
    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Sweep:coal_free_blk " PTR_FORMAT " (" SIZE_FORMAT ")",
                           fc, fc->size());
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  }
}

// CMSIsAliveClosure
bool CMSIsAliveClosure::do_object_b(oop obj) {
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
  return addr != NULL &&
         (!_span.contains(addr) || _bit_map->isMarked(addr));
}

8572

8573 8574 8575
CMSKeepAliveClosure::CMSKeepAliveClosure( CMSCollector* collector,
                      MemRegion span,
                      CMSBitMap* bit_map, CMSMarkStack* mark_stack,
8576 8577
                      bool cpc):
  _collector(collector),
8578 8579 8580 8581 8582 8583 8584 8585
  _span(span),
  _bit_map(bit_map),
  _mark_stack(mark_stack),
  _concurrent_precleaning(cpc) {
  assert(!_span.is_empty(), "Empty span could spell trouble");
}


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// CMSKeepAliveClosure: the serial version
8587 8588
void CMSKeepAliveClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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  if (_span.contains(addr) &&
      !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
    _bit_map->mark(addr);
    bool simulate_overflow = false;
    NOT_PRODUCT(
      if (CMSMarkStackOverflowALot &&
          _collector->simulate_overflow()) {
        // simulate a stack overflow
        simulate_overflow = true;
      }
    )
8600
    if (simulate_overflow || !_mark_stack->push(obj)) {
8601 8602 8603 8604 8605 8606 8607 8608 8609 8610 8611 8612 8613 8614 8615 8616 8617 8618 8619 8620 8621 8622 8623
      if (_concurrent_precleaning) {
        // We dirty the overflown object and let the remark
        // phase deal with it.
        assert(_collector->overflow_list_is_empty(), "Error");
        // In the case of object arrays, we need to dirty all of
        // the cards that the object spans. No locking or atomics
        // are needed since no one else can be mutating the mod union
        // table.
        if (obj->is_objArray()) {
          size_t sz = obj->size();
          HeapWord* end_card_addr =
            (HeapWord*)round_to((intptr_t)(addr+sz), CardTableModRefBS::card_size);
          MemRegion redirty_range = MemRegion(addr, end_card_addr);
          assert(!redirty_range.is_empty(), "Arithmetical tautology");
          _collector->_modUnionTable.mark_range(redirty_range);
        } else {
          _collector->_modUnionTable.mark(addr);
        }
        _collector->_ser_kac_preclean_ovflw++;
      } else {
        _collector->push_on_overflow_list(obj);
        _collector->_ser_kac_ovflw++;
      }
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    }
  }
}

8628 8629 8630
void CMSKeepAliveClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { CMSKeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void CMSKeepAliveClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { CMSKeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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// CMSParKeepAliveClosure: a parallel version of the above.
// The work queues are private to each closure (thread),
// but (may be) available for stealing by other threads.
8634 8635
void CMSParKeepAliveClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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  if (_span.contains(addr) &&
      !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
    // In general, during recursive tracing, several threads
    // may be concurrently getting here; the first one to
    // "tag" it, claims it.
    if (_bit_map->par_mark(addr)) {
8642
      bool res = _work_queue->push(obj);
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      assert(res, "Low water mark should be much less than capacity");
      // Do a recursive trim in the hope that this will keep
      // stack usage lower, but leave some oops for potential stealers
      trim_queue(_low_water_mark);
    } // Else, another thread got there first
  }
}

8651 8652 8653
void CMSParKeepAliveClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { CMSParKeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void CMSParKeepAliveClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { CMSParKeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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void CMSParKeepAliveClosure::trim_queue(uint max) {
  while (_work_queue->size() > max) {
    oop new_oop;
    if (_work_queue->pop_local(new_oop)) {
      assert(new_oop != NULL && new_oop->is_oop(), "Expected an oop");
      assert(_bit_map->isMarked((HeapWord*)new_oop),
             "no white objects on this stack!");
      assert(_span.contains((HeapWord*)new_oop), "Out of bounds oop");
      // iterate over the oops in this oop, marking and pushing
      // the ones in CMS heap (i.e. in _span).
      new_oop->oop_iterate(&_mark_and_push);
    }
  }
}

8669 8670 8671 8672
CMSInnerParMarkAndPushClosure::CMSInnerParMarkAndPushClosure(
                                CMSCollector* collector,
                                MemRegion span, CMSBitMap* bit_map,
                                OopTaskQueue* work_queue):
8673
  _collector(collector),
8674 8675 8676 8677
  _span(span),
  _bit_map(bit_map),
  _work_queue(work_queue) { }

8678 8679
void CMSInnerParMarkAndPushClosure::do_oop(oop obj) {
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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  if (_span.contains(addr) &&
      !_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
    if (_bit_map->par_mark(addr)) {
      bool simulate_overflow = false;
      NOT_PRODUCT(
        if (CMSMarkStackOverflowALot &&
            _collector->par_simulate_overflow()) {
          // simulate a stack overflow
          simulate_overflow = true;
        }
      )
8691 8692
      if (simulate_overflow || !_work_queue->push(obj)) {
        _collector->par_push_on_overflow_list(obj);
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        _collector->_par_kac_ovflw++;
      }
    } // Else another thread got there already
  }
}

8699 8700 8701
void CMSInnerParMarkAndPushClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { CMSInnerParMarkAndPushClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
void CMSInnerParMarkAndPushClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { CMSInnerParMarkAndPushClosure::do_oop_work(p); }

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//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  CMSExpansionCause                /////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
const char* CMSExpansionCause::to_string(CMSExpansionCause::Cause cause) {
  switch (cause) {
    case _no_expansion:
      return "No expansion";
    case _satisfy_free_ratio:
      return "Free ratio";
    case _satisfy_promotion:
      return "Satisfy promotion";
    case _satisfy_allocation:
      return "allocation";
    case _allocate_par_lab:
      return "Par LAB";
    case _allocate_par_spooling_space:
      return "Par Spooling Space";
    case _adaptive_size_policy:
      return "Ergonomics";
    default:
      return "unknown";
  }
}

void CMSDrainMarkingStackClosure::do_void() {
  // the max number to take from overflow list at a time
  const size_t num = _mark_stack->capacity()/4;
8729 8730
  assert(!_concurrent_precleaning || _collector->overflow_list_is_empty(),
         "Overflow list should be NULL during concurrent phases");
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  while (!_mark_stack->isEmpty() ||
         // if stack is empty, check the overflow list
         _collector->take_from_overflow_list(num, _mark_stack)) {
8734 8735
    oop obj = _mark_stack->pop();
    HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord*)obj;
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    assert(_span.contains(addr), "Should be within span");
    assert(_bit_map->isMarked(addr), "Should be marked");
8738 8739
    assert(obj->is_oop(), "Should be an oop");
    obj->oop_iterate(_keep_alive);
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  }
}

void CMSParDrainMarkingStackClosure::do_void() {
  // drain queue
  trim_queue(0);
}

// Trim our work_queue so its length is below max at return
void CMSParDrainMarkingStackClosure::trim_queue(uint max) {
  while (_work_queue->size() > max) {
    oop new_oop;
    if (_work_queue->pop_local(new_oop)) {
      assert(new_oop->is_oop(), "Expected an oop");
      assert(_bit_map->isMarked((HeapWord*)new_oop),
             "no white objects on this stack!");
      assert(_span.contains((HeapWord*)new_oop), "Out of bounds oop");
      // iterate over the oops in this oop, marking and pushing
      // the ones in CMS heap (i.e. in _span).
      new_oop->oop_iterate(&_mark_and_push);
    }
  }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Support for Marking Stack Overflow list handling and related code
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Much of the following code is similar in shape and spirit to the
// code used in ParNewGC. We should try and share that code
// as much as possible in the future.

#ifndef PRODUCT
// Debugging support for CMSStackOverflowALot

// It's OK to call this multi-threaded;  the worst thing
// that can happen is that we'll get a bunch of closely
// spaced simulated oveflows, but that's OK, in fact
// probably good as it would exercise the overflow code
// under contention.
bool CMSCollector::simulate_overflow() {
  if (_overflow_counter-- <= 0) { // just being defensive
    _overflow_counter = CMSMarkStackOverflowInterval;
    return true;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

bool CMSCollector::par_simulate_overflow() {
  return simulate_overflow();
}
#endif

// Single-threaded
bool CMSCollector::take_from_overflow_list(size_t num, CMSMarkStack* stack) {
  assert(stack->isEmpty(), "Expected precondition");
  assert(stack->capacity() > num, "Shouldn't bite more than can chew");
  size_t i = num;
  oop  cur = _overflow_list;
  const markOop proto = markOopDesc::prototype();
8800
  NOT_PRODUCT(ssize_t n = 0;)
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  for (oop next; i > 0 && cur != NULL; cur = next, i--) {
    next = oop(cur->mark());
    cur->set_mark(proto);   // until proven otherwise
    assert(cur->is_oop(), "Should be an oop");
    bool res = stack->push(cur);
    assert(res, "Bit off more than can chew?");
    NOT_PRODUCT(n++;)
  }
  _overflow_list = cur;
#ifndef PRODUCT
  assert(_num_par_pushes >= n, "Too many pops?");
  _num_par_pushes -=n;
#endif
  return !stack->isEmpty();
}

8817 8818 8819 8820 8821 8822 8823 8824 8825 8826 8827 8828 8829 8830 8831 8832 8833 8834 8835 8836 8837 8838 8839 8840
#define BUSY  (oop(0x1aff1aff))
// (MT-safe) Get a prefix of at most "num" from the list.
// The overflow list is chained through the mark word of
// each object in the list. We fetch the entire list,
// break off a prefix of the right size and return the
// remainder. If other threads try to take objects from
// the overflow list at that time, they will wait for
// some time to see if data becomes available. If (and
// only if) another thread places one or more object(s)
// on the global list before we have returned the suffix
// to the global list, we will walk down our local list
// to find its end and append the global list to
// our suffix before returning it. This suffix walk can
// prove to be expensive (quadratic in the amount of traffic)
// when there are many objects in the overflow list and
// there is much producer-consumer contention on the list.
// *NOTE*: The overflow list manipulation code here and
// in ParNewGeneration:: are very similar in shape,
// except that in the ParNew case we use the old (from/eden)
// copy of the object to thread the list via its klass word.
// Because of the common code, if you make any changes in
// the code below, please check the ParNew version to see if
// similar changes might be needed.
// CR 6797058 has been filed to consolidate the common code.
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bool CMSCollector::par_take_from_overflow_list(size_t num,
8842 8843
                                               OopTaskQueue* work_q,
                                               int no_of_gc_threads) {
8844
  assert(work_q->size() == 0, "First empty local work queue");
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  assert(num < work_q->max_elems(), "Can't bite more than we can chew");
  if (_overflow_list == NULL) {
    return false;
  }
  // Grab the entire list; we'll put back a suffix
8850 8851
  oop prefix = (oop)Atomic::xchg_ptr(BUSY, &_overflow_list);
  Thread* tid = Thread::current();
8852 8853 8854
  // Before "no_of_gc_threads" was introduced CMSOverflowSpinCount was
  // set to ParallelGCThreads.
  size_t CMSOverflowSpinCount = (size_t) no_of_gc_threads; // was ParallelGCThreads;
8855 8856 8857 8858 8859 8860 8861 8862 8863 8864 8865 8866 8867 8868 8869 8870 8871 8872 8873 8874 8875 8876 8877 8878 8879 8880
  size_t sleep_time_millis = MAX2((size_t)1, num/100);
  // If the list is busy, we spin for a short while,
  // sleeping between attempts to get the list.
  for (size_t spin = 0; prefix == BUSY && spin < CMSOverflowSpinCount; spin++) {
    os::sleep(tid, sleep_time_millis, false);
    if (_overflow_list == NULL) {
      // Nothing left to take
      return false;
    } else if (_overflow_list != BUSY) {
      // Try and grab the prefix
      prefix = (oop)Atomic::xchg_ptr(BUSY, &_overflow_list);
    }
  }
  // If the list was found to be empty, or we spun long
  // enough, we give up and return empty-handed. If we leave
  // the list in the BUSY state below, it must be the case that
  // some other thread holds the overflow list and will set it
  // to a non-BUSY state in the future.
  if (prefix == NULL || prefix == BUSY) {
     // Nothing to take or waited long enough
     if (prefix == NULL) {
       // Write back the NULL in case we overwrote it with BUSY above
       // and it is still the same value.
       (void) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(NULL, &_overflow_list, BUSY);
     }
     return false;
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  }
8882
  assert(prefix != NULL && prefix != BUSY, "Error");
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  size_t i = num;
  oop cur = prefix;
8885
  // Walk down the first "num" objects, unless we reach the end.
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  for (; i > 1 && cur->mark() != NULL; cur = oop(cur->mark()), i--);
8887 8888 8889 8890 8891 8892 8893 8894 8895 8896 8897
  if (cur->mark() == NULL) {
    // We have "num" or fewer elements in the list, so there
    // is nothing to return to the global list.
    // Write back the NULL in lieu of the BUSY we wrote
    // above, if it is still the same value.
    if (_overflow_list == BUSY) {
      (void) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(NULL, &_overflow_list, BUSY);
    }
  } else {
    // Chop off the suffix and rerturn it to the global list.
    assert(cur->mark() != BUSY, "Error");
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    oop suffix_head = cur->mark(); // suffix will be put back on global list
    cur->set_mark(NULL);           // break off suffix
8900 8901 8902 8903
    // It's possible that the list is still in the empty(busy) state
    // we left it in a short while ago; in that case we may be
    // able to place back the suffix without incurring the cost
    // of a walk down the list.
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    oop observed_overflow_list = _overflow_list;
8905 8906 8907
    oop cur_overflow_list = observed_overflow_list;
    bool attached = false;
    while (observed_overflow_list == BUSY || observed_overflow_list == NULL) {
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      observed_overflow_list =
8909 8910 8911 8912 8913 8914 8915 8916 8917 8918 8919 8920 8921 8922 8923 8924 8925 8926 8927 8928 8929 8930 8931 8932 8933 8934 8935 8936 8937
        (oop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(suffix_head, &_overflow_list, cur_overflow_list);
      if (cur_overflow_list == observed_overflow_list) {
        attached = true;
        break;
      } else cur_overflow_list = observed_overflow_list;
    }
    if (!attached) {
      // Too bad, someone else sneaked in (at least) an element; we'll need
      // to do a splice. Find tail of suffix so we can prepend suffix to global
      // list.
      for (cur = suffix_head; cur->mark() != NULL; cur = (oop)(cur->mark()));
      oop suffix_tail = cur;
      assert(suffix_tail != NULL && suffix_tail->mark() == NULL,
             "Tautology");
      observed_overflow_list = _overflow_list;
      do {
        cur_overflow_list = observed_overflow_list;
        if (cur_overflow_list != BUSY) {
          // Do the splice ...
          suffix_tail->set_mark(markOop(cur_overflow_list));
        } else { // cur_overflow_list == BUSY
          suffix_tail->set_mark(NULL);
        }
        // ... and try to place spliced list back on overflow_list ...
        observed_overflow_list =
          (oop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(suffix_head, &_overflow_list, cur_overflow_list);
      } while (cur_overflow_list != observed_overflow_list);
      // ... until we have succeeded in doing so.
    }
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  }

  // Push the prefix elements on work_q
  assert(prefix != NULL, "control point invariant");
  const markOop proto = markOopDesc::prototype();
  oop next;
8944
  NOT_PRODUCT(ssize_t n = 0;)
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  for (cur = prefix; cur != NULL; cur = next) {
    next = oop(cur->mark());
    cur->set_mark(proto);   // until proven otherwise
    assert(cur->is_oop(), "Should be an oop");
    bool res = work_q->push(cur);
    assert(res, "Bit off more than we can chew?");
    NOT_PRODUCT(n++;)
  }
#ifndef PRODUCT
  assert(_num_par_pushes >= n, "Too many pops?");
  Atomic::add_ptr(-(intptr_t)n, &_num_par_pushes);
#endif
  return true;
}

// Single-threaded
void CMSCollector::push_on_overflow_list(oop p) {
  NOT_PRODUCT(_num_par_pushes++;)
  assert(p->is_oop(), "Not an oop");
  preserve_mark_if_necessary(p);
  p->set_mark((markOop)_overflow_list);
  _overflow_list = p;
}

// Multi-threaded; use CAS to prepend to overflow list
void CMSCollector::par_push_on_overflow_list(oop p) {
  NOT_PRODUCT(Atomic::inc_ptr(&_num_par_pushes);)
  assert(p->is_oop(), "Not an oop");
  par_preserve_mark_if_necessary(p);
  oop observed_overflow_list = _overflow_list;
  oop cur_overflow_list;
  do {
    cur_overflow_list = observed_overflow_list;
8978 8979 8980 8981 8982
    if (cur_overflow_list != BUSY) {
      p->set_mark(markOop(cur_overflow_list));
    } else {
      p->set_mark(NULL);
    }
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    observed_overflow_list =
      (oop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(p, &_overflow_list, cur_overflow_list);
  } while (cur_overflow_list != observed_overflow_list);
}
8987
#undef BUSY
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// Single threaded
// General Note on GrowableArray: pushes may silently fail
// because we are (temporarily) out of C-heap for expanding
// the stack. The problem is quite ubiquitous and affects
// a lot of code in the JVM. The prudent thing for GrowableArray
// to do (for now) is to exit with an error. However, that may
// be too draconian in some cases because the caller may be
8996
// able to recover without much harm. For such cases, we
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// should probably introduce a "soft_push" method which returns
// an indication of success or failure with the assumption that
// the caller may be able to recover from a failure; code in
// the VM can then be changed, incrementally, to deal with such
// failures where possible, thus, incrementally hardening the VM
// in such low resource situations.
void CMSCollector::preserve_mark_work(oop p, markOop m) {
9004 9005
  _preserved_oop_stack.push(p);
  _preserved_mark_stack.push(m);
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  assert(m == p->mark(), "Mark word changed");
9007
  assert(_preserved_oop_stack.size() == _preserved_mark_stack.size(),
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         "bijection");
}

// Single threaded
void CMSCollector::preserve_mark_if_necessary(oop p) {
  markOop m = p->mark();
  if (m->must_be_preserved(p)) {
    preserve_mark_work(p, m);
  }
}

void CMSCollector::par_preserve_mark_if_necessary(oop p) {
  markOop m = p->mark();
  if (m->must_be_preserved(p)) {
    MutexLockerEx x(ParGCRareEvent_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    // Even though we read the mark word without holding
    // the lock, we are assured that it will not change
    // because we "own" this oop, so no other thread can
    // be trying to push it on the overflow list; see
    // the assertion in preserve_mark_work() that checks
    // that m == p->mark().
    preserve_mark_work(p, m);
  }
}

// We should be able to do this multi-threaded,
// a chunk of stack being a task (this is
// correct because each oop only ever appears
// once in the overflow list. However, it's
// not very easy to completely overlap this with
// other operations, so will generally not be done
// until all work's been completed. Because we
// expect the preserved oop stack (set) to be small,
// it's probably fine to do this single-threaded.
// We can explore cleverer concurrent/overlapped/parallel
// processing of preserved marks if we feel the
// need for this in the future. Stack overflow should
// be so rare in practice and, when it happens, its
// effect on performance so great that this will
// likely just be in the noise anyway.
void CMSCollector::restore_preserved_marks_if_any() {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
         "world should be stopped");
  assert(Thread::current()->is_ConcurrentGC_thread() ||
         Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(),
         "should be single-threaded");
9054 9055
  assert(_preserved_oop_stack.size() == _preserved_mark_stack.size(),
         "bijection");
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9057 9058
  while (!_preserved_oop_stack.is_empty()) {
    oop p = _preserved_oop_stack.pop();
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    assert(p->is_oop(), "Should be an oop");
    assert(_span.contains(p), "oop should be in _span");
    assert(p->mark() == markOopDesc::prototype(),
           "Set when taken from overflow list");
9063
    markOop m = _preserved_mark_stack.pop();
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    p->set_mark(m);
  }
9066
  assert(_preserved_mark_stack.is_empty() && _preserved_oop_stack.is_empty(),
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         "stacks were cleared above");
}

#ifndef PRODUCT
bool CMSCollector::no_preserved_marks() const {
9072
  return _preserved_mark_stack.is_empty() && _preserved_oop_stack.is_empty();
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}
#endif

CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy* ASConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::cms_size_policy() const
{
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = (GenCollectedHeap*) GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy* size_policy =
    (CMSAdaptiveSizePolicy*) gch->gen_policy()->size_policy();
  assert(size_policy->is_gc_cms_adaptive_size_policy(),
    "Wrong type for size policy");
  return size_policy;
}

void ASConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::resize(size_t cur_promo_size,
                                           size_t desired_promo_size) {
  if (cur_promo_size < desired_promo_size) {
    size_t expand_bytes = desired_promo_size - cur_promo_size;
    if (PrintAdaptiveSizePolicy && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" ASConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::resize "
        "Expanding tenured generation by " SIZE_FORMAT " (bytes)",
        expand_bytes);
    }
    expand(expand_bytes,
           MinHeapDeltaBytes,
           CMSExpansionCause::_adaptive_size_policy);
  } else if (desired_promo_size < cur_promo_size) {
    size_t shrink_bytes = cur_promo_size - desired_promo_size;
    if (PrintAdaptiveSizePolicy && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" ASConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::resize "
        "Shrinking tenured generation by " SIZE_FORMAT " (bytes)",
        shrink_bytes);
    }
    shrink(shrink_bytes);
  }
}

CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters* ASConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::gc_adaptive_policy_counters() {
  GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
  CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters* counters =
    (CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters*) gch->collector_policy()->counters();
  assert(counters->kind() == GCPolicyCounters::CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCountersKind,
    "Wrong kind of counters");
  return counters;
}


void ASConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::update_counters() {
  if (UsePerfData) {
    _space_counters->update_all();
    _gen_counters->update_all();
    CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters* counters = gc_adaptive_policy_counters();
    GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
    CMSGCStats* gc_stats_l = (CMSGCStats*) gc_stats();
    assert(gc_stats_l->kind() == GCStats::CMSGCStatsKind,
      "Wrong gc statistics type");
    counters->update_counters(gc_stats_l);
  }
}

void ASConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::update_counters(size_t used) {
  if (UsePerfData) {
    _space_counters->update_used(used);
    _space_counters->update_capacity();
    _gen_counters->update_all();

    CMSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters* counters = gc_adaptive_policy_counters();
    GenCollectedHeap* gch = GenCollectedHeap::heap();
    CMSGCStats* gc_stats_l = (CMSGCStats*) gc_stats();
    assert(gc_stats_l->kind() == GCStats::CMSGCStatsKind,
      "Wrong gc statistics type");
    counters->update_counters(gc_stats_l);
  }
}

void ASConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::shrink_by(size_t desired_bytes) {
  assert_locked_or_safepoint(Heap_lock);
  assert_lock_strong(freelistLock());
  HeapWord* old_end = _cmsSpace->end();
  HeapWord* unallocated_start = _cmsSpace->unallocated_block();
  assert(old_end >= unallocated_start, "Miscalculation of unallocated_start");
  FreeChunk* chunk_at_end = find_chunk_at_end();
  if (chunk_at_end == NULL) {
    // No room to shrink
    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("No room to shrink: old_end  "
        PTR_FORMAT "  unallocated_start  " PTR_FORMAT
        " chunk_at_end  " PTR_FORMAT,
        old_end, unallocated_start, chunk_at_end);
    }
    return;
  } else {

    // Find the chunk at the end of the space and determine
    // how much it can be shrunk.
    size_t shrinkable_size_in_bytes = chunk_at_end->size();
    size_t aligned_shrinkable_size_in_bytes =
      align_size_down(shrinkable_size_in_bytes, os::vm_page_size());
9170
    assert(unallocated_start <= (HeapWord*) chunk_at_end->end(),
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      "Inconsistent chunk at end of space");
    size_t bytes = MIN2(desired_bytes, aligned_shrinkable_size_in_bytes);
    size_t word_size_before = heap_word_size(_virtual_space.committed_size());

    // Shrink the underlying space
    _virtual_space.shrink_by(bytes);
    if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration::shrink_by:"
        " desired_bytes " SIZE_FORMAT
        " shrinkable_size_in_bytes " SIZE_FORMAT
        " aligned_shrinkable_size_in_bytes " SIZE_FORMAT
        "  bytes  " SIZE_FORMAT,
        desired_bytes, shrinkable_size_in_bytes,
        aligned_shrinkable_size_in_bytes, bytes);
      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("          old_end  " SIZE_FORMAT
        "  unallocated_start  " SIZE_FORMAT,
        old_end, unallocated_start);
    }

    // If the space did shrink (shrinking is not guaranteed),
    // shrink the chunk at the end by the appropriate amount.
    if (((HeapWord*)_virtual_space.high()) < old_end) {
      size_t new_word_size =
        heap_word_size(_virtual_space.committed_size());

      // Have to remove the chunk from the dictionary because it is changing
      // size and might be someplace elsewhere in the dictionary.

      // Get the chunk at end, shrink it, and put it
      // back.
      _cmsSpace->removeChunkFromDictionary(chunk_at_end);
      size_t word_size_change = word_size_before - new_word_size;
      size_t chunk_at_end_old_size = chunk_at_end->size();
      assert(chunk_at_end_old_size >= word_size_change,
        "Shrink is too large");
9206
      chunk_at_end->set_size(chunk_at_end_old_size -
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                          word_size_change);
      _cmsSpace->freed((HeapWord*) chunk_at_end->end(),
        word_size_change);

      _cmsSpace->returnChunkToDictionary(chunk_at_end);

      MemRegion mr(_cmsSpace->bottom(), new_word_size);
      _bts->resize(new_word_size);  // resize the block offset shared array
      Universe::heap()->barrier_set()->resize_covered_region(mr);
      _cmsSpace->assert_locked();
      _cmsSpace->set_end((HeapWord*)_virtual_space.high());

      NOT_PRODUCT(_cmsSpace->dictionary()->verify());

      // update the space and generation capacity counters
      if (UsePerfData) {
        _space_counters->update_capacity();
        _gen_counters->update_all();
      }

      if (Verbose && PrintGCDetails) {
        size_t new_mem_size = _virtual_space.committed_size();
        size_t old_mem_size = new_mem_size + bytes;
9230
        gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Shrinking %s from " SIZE_FORMAT "K by " SIZE_FORMAT "K to " SIZE_FORMAT "K",
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                      name(), old_mem_size/K, bytes/K, new_mem_size/K);
      }
    }

    assert(_cmsSpace->unallocated_block() <= _cmsSpace->end(),
      "Inconsistency at end of space");
9237
    assert(chunk_at_end->end() == (uintptr_t*) _cmsSpace->end(),
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      "Shrinking is inconsistent");
    return;
  }
}

// Transfer some number of overflown objects to usual marking
// stack. Return true if some objects were transferred.
bool MarkRefsIntoAndScanClosure::take_from_overflow_list() {
9246
  size_t num = MIN2((size_t)(_mark_stack->capacity() - _mark_stack->length())/4,
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                    (size_t)ParGCDesiredObjsFromOverflowList);

  bool res = _collector->take_from_overflow_list(num, _mark_stack);
  assert(_collector->overflow_list_is_empty() || res,
         "If list is not empty, we should have taken something");
  assert(!res || !_mark_stack->isEmpty(),
         "If we took something, it should now be on our stack");
  return res;
}

size_t MarkDeadObjectsClosure::do_blk(HeapWord* addr) {
  size_t res = _sp->block_size_no_stall(addr, _collector);
  if (_sp->block_is_obj(addr)) {
    if (_live_bit_map->isMarked(addr)) {
      // It can't have been dead in a previous cycle
      guarantee(!_dead_bit_map->isMarked(addr), "No resurrection!");
    } else {
      _dead_bit_map->mark(addr);      // mark the dead object
    }
  }
9267
  // Could be 0, if the block size could not be computed without stalling.
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  return res;
}
9270

9271
TraceCMSMemoryManagerStats::TraceCMSMemoryManagerStats(CMSCollector::CollectorState phase, GCCause::Cause cause): TraceMemoryManagerStats() {
9272 9273 9274 9275

  switch (phase) {
    case CMSCollector::InitialMarking:
      initialize(true  /* fullGC */ ,
9276
                 cause /* cause of the GC */,
9277 9278 9279 9280 9281 9282 9283 9284 9285 9286 9287
                 true  /* recordGCBeginTime */,
                 true  /* recordPreGCUsage */,
                 false /* recordPeakUsage */,
                 false /* recordPostGCusage */,
                 true  /* recordAccumulatedGCTime */,
                 false /* recordGCEndTime */,
                 false /* countCollection */  );
      break;

    case CMSCollector::FinalMarking:
      initialize(true  /* fullGC */ ,
9288
                 cause /* cause of the GC */,
9289 9290 9291 9292 9293 9294 9295 9296 9297 9298 9299
                 false /* recordGCBeginTime */,
                 false /* recordPreGCUsage */,
                 false /* recordPeakUsage */,
                 false /* recordPostGCusage */,
                 true  /* recordAccumulatedGCTime */,
                 false /* recordGCEndTime */,
                 false /* countCollection */  );
      break;

    case CMSCollector::Sweeping:
      initialize(true  /* fullGC */ ,
9300
                 cause /* cause of the GC */,
9301 9302 9303 9304 9305 9306 9307 9308 9309 9310 9311 9312 9313 9314
                 false /* recordGCBeginTime */,
                 false /* recordPreGCUsage */,
                 true  /* recordPeakUsage */,
                 true  /* recordPostGCusage */,
                 false /* recordAccumulatedGCTime */,
                 true  /* recordGCEndTime */,
                 true  /* countCollection */  );
      break;

    default:
      ShouldNotReachHere();
  }
}