The patch 1afc5679: "netfilter: nf_ct_helper: implement variable
length helper private data" from Jun 7, 2012, leads to the following
Smatch complaint:

net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c:1231 ctnetlink_change_helper()
         error: we previously assumed 'help->helper' could be null (see line 1228)

This NULL dereference can be triggered with the following sequence:

1) attach the helper for first time when the conntrack is created.
2) remove the helper module or detach the helper from the conntrack
   via ctnetlink.
3) attach helper again (the same or different one, no matter) to the
   that existing conntrack again via ctnetlink.

This patch fixes the problem by removing the use case that allows you
to re-assign again a helper for one conntrack entry via ctnetlink since
I cannot find any practical use for it.
Reported-by: NDan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

It makes no sense to execute this limit test every time we create a
routing cache entry.

We can't simply error out on these things since we've silently
accepted and truncated them forever.
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

There are good reasons to supports helpers in user-space instead:

* Rapid connection tracking helper development, as developing code
  in user-space is usually faster.

* Reliability: A buggy helper does not crash the kernel. Moreover,
  we can monitor the helper process and restart it in case of problems.

* Security: Avoid complex string matching and mangling in kernel-space
  running in privileged mode. Going further, we can even think about
  running user-space helpers as a non-root process.

* Extensibility: It allows the development of very specific helpers (most
  likely non-standard proprietary protocols) that are very likely not to be
  accepted for mainline inclusion in the form of kernel-space connection
  tracking helpers.

This patch adds the infrastructure to allow the implementation of
user-space conntrack helpers by means of the new nfnetlink subsystem
`nfnetlink_cthelper' and the existing queueing infrastructure
(nfnetlink_queue).

I had to add the new hook NF_IP6_PRI_CONNTRACK_HELPER to register
ipv[4|6]_helper which results from splitting ipv[4|6]_confirm into
two pieces. This change is required not to break NAT sequence
adjustment and conntrack confirmation for traffic that is enqueued
to our user-space conntrack helpers.

Basic operation, in a few steps:

1) Register user-space helper by means of `nfct':

 nfct helper add ftp inet tcp

 [ It must be a valid existing helper supported by conntrack-tools ]

2) Add rules to enable the FTP user-space helper which is
   used to track traffic going to TCP port 21.

For locally generated packets:

 iptables -I OUTPUT -t raw -p tcp --dport 21 -j CT --helper ftp

For non-locally generated packets:

 iptables -I PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp --dport 21 -j CT --helper ftp

3) Run the test conntrackd in helper mode (see example files under
   doc/helper/conntrackd.conf

 conntrackd

4) Generate FTP traffic going, if everything is OK, then conntrackd
   should create expectations (you can check that with `conntrack':

 conntrack -E expect

    [NEW] 301 proto=6 src=192.168.1.136 dst=130.89.148.12 sport=0 dport=54037 mask-src=255.255.255.255 mask-dst=255.255.255.255 sport=0 dport=65535 master-src=192.168.1.136 master-dst=130.89.148.12 sport=57127 dport=21 class=0 helper=ftp
[DESTROY] 301 proto=6 src=192.168.1.136 dst=130.89.148.12 sport=0 dport=54037 mask-src=255.255.255.255 mask-dst=255.255.255.255 sport=0 dport=65535 master-src=192.168.1.136 master-dst=130.89.148.12 sport=57127 dport=21 class=0 helper=ftp

This confirms that our test helper is receiving packets including the
conntrack information, and adding expectations in kernel-space.

The user-space helper can also store its private tracking information
in the conntrack structure in the kernel via the CTA_HELP_INFO. The
kernel will consider this a binary blob whose layout is unknown. This
information will be included in the information that is transfered
to user-space via glue code that integrates nfnetlink_queue and
ctnetlink.
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

This attribute can be used to modify and to dump the internal
protocol information.
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

User-space programs that receive traffic via NFQUEUE may mangle packets.
If NAT is enabled, this usually puzzles sequence tracking, leading to
traffic disruptions.

With this patch, nfnl_queue will make the corresponding NAT TCP sequence
adjustment if:

1) The packet has been mangled,
2) the NFQA_CFG_F_CONNTRACK flag has been set, and
3) NAT is detected.

There are some records on the Internet complaning about this issue:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/260757/packet-mangling-utilities-besides-iptables

By now, we only support TCP since we have no helpers for DCCP or SCTP.
Better to add this if we ever have some helper over those layer 4 protocols.
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

This patch allows you to include the conntrack information together
with the packet that is sent to user-space via NFQUEUE.

Previously, there was no integration between ctnetlink and
nfnetlink_queue. If you wanted to access conntrack information
from your libnetfilter_queue program, you required to query
ctnetlink from user-space to obtain it. Thus, delaying the packet
processing even more.

Including the conntrack information is optional, you can set it
via NFQA_CFG_F_CONNTRACK flag with the new NFQA_CFG_FLAGS attribute.
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

This patch uses the new variable length conntrack extensions.

Instead of using union nf_conntrack_help that contain all the
helper private data information, we allocate variable length
area to store the private helper data.

This patch includes the modification of all existing helpers.
It also includes a couple of include header to avoid compilation
warnings.
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

We can now define conntrack extensions of variable size. This
patch is useful to get rid of these unions:

union nf_conntrack_help
union nf_conntrack_proto
union nf_conntrack_nat_help
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

This patch modifies the struct nf_conntrack_helper to allocate
the room for the helper name. The maximum length is 16 bytes
(this was already introduced in 2.6.24).

For the maximum length for expectation policy names, I have
also selected 16 bytes.

This patch is required by the follow-up patch to support
user-space connection tracking helpers.
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

This reverts commit 2a0c451a.

It causes crashes, because now ip6_null_entry is used before
it is initialized.
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

The mtu should be a __be32, not the mark.
Reported-by: NNeal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

/proc/net/ipv6_route reflects the contents of fib_table_hash. The proc
handler is installed in ip6_route_net_init() whereas fib_table_hash is
allocated in fib6_net_init() _after_ the proc handler has been installed.

This opens up a short time frame to access fib_table_hash with its pants
down.

fib6_init() as a whole can't be moved to an earlier position as it also
registers the rtnetlink message handlers which should be registered at
the end. Therefore split it into fib6_init() which is run early and
fib6_init_late() to register the rtnetlink message handlers.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Reviewed-by: NNeil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Orphaning skb in dev_hard_start_xmit() makes bonding behavior
unfriendly for applications sending big UDP bursts : Once packets
pass the bonding device and come to real device, they might hit a full
qdisc and be dropped. Without orphaning, the sender is automatically
throttled because sk->sk_wmemalloc reaches sk->sk_sndbuf (assuming
sk_sndbuf is not too big)

We could try to defer the orphaning adding another test in
dev_hard_start_xmit(), but all this seems of little gain,
now that BQL tends to make packets more likely to be parked
in Qdisc queues instead of NIC TX ring, in cases where performance
matters.

Reverts commits :
fc6055a5 net: Introduce skb_orphan_try()
87fd308c net: skb_tx_hash() fix relative to skb_orphan_try()
and removes SKBTX_DRV_NEEDS_SK_REF flag
Reported-and-bisected-by: NJean-Michel Hautbois <jhautbois@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Tested-by: NOliver Hartkopp <socketcan@hartkopp.net>
Acked-by: NOliver Hartkopp <socketcan@hartkopp.net>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

One tricky issue on the ipv6 side vs. ipv4 is that the ICMP callouts
to handle the error pass the 32-bit info cookie in network byte order
whereas ipv4 passes it around in host byte order.

Like the ipv4 side, we have two helper functions.  One for when we
have a socket context and one for when we do not.

ip6ip6 tunnels are not handled here, because they handle PMTU events
by essentially relaying another ICMP packet-too-big message back to
the original sender.

This patch allows us to get rid of rt6_do_pmtu_disc().  It handles all
kinds of situations that simply cannot happen when we do the PMTU
update directly using a fully resolved route.

In fact, the "plen == 128" check in ip6_rt_update_pmtu() can very
likely be removed or changed into a BUG_ON() check.  We should never
have a prefixed ipv6 route when we get there.

Another piece of strange history here is that TCP and DCCP, unlike in
ipv4, never invoke the update_pmtu() method from their ICMP error
handlers.  This is incredibly astonishing since this is the context
where we have the most accurate context in which to make a PMTU
update, namely we have a fully connected socket and associated cached
socket route.
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

With ip_rt_frag_needed() removed, we have to explicitly update PMTU
information in every ICMP error handler.

Create two helper functions to facilitate this.

1) ipv4_sk_update_pmtu()

   This updates the PMTU when we have a socket context to
   work with.

2) ipv4_update_pmtu()

   Raw version, used when no socket context is available.  For this
   interface, we essentially just pass in explicit arguments for
   the flow identity information we would have extracted from the
   socket.

   And you'll notice that ipv4_sk_update_pmtu() is simply implemented
   in terms of ipv4_update_pmtu()

Note that __ip_route_output_key() is used, rather than something like
ip_route_output_flow() or ip_route_output_key().  This is because we
absolutely do not want to end up with a route that does IPSEC
encapsulation and the like.  Instead, we only want the route that
would get us to the node described by the outermost IP header.
Reported-by: NSteffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Bogdan Hamciuc diagnosed and fixed following bug in netpoll_send_udp() :

"skb->len += len;" instead of "skb_put(skb, len);"

Meaning that _if_ a network driver needs to call skb_realloc_headroom(),
only packet headers would be copied, leaving garbage in the payload.

However the skb_realloc_headroom() must be avoided as much as possible
since it requires memory and netpoll tries hard to work even if memory
is exhausted (using a pool of preallocated skbs)

It appears netpoll_send_udp() reserved 16 bytes for the ethernet header,
which happens to work for typicall drivers but not all.

Right thing is to use LL_RESERVED_SPACE(dev)
(And also add dev->needed_tailroom of tailroom)

This patch combines both fixes.

Many thanks to Bogdan for raising this issue.
Reported-by: NBogdan Hamciuc <bogdan.hamciuc@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Tested-by: NBogdan Hamciuc <bogdan.hamciuc@freescale.com>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Reviewed-by: NNeil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Reviewed-by: NCong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

EMSGSIZE - ran out of space while constructing message
EOPNOTSUPP - driver/hardware does not support operation
ENODEV - network device not found
EINVAL - invalid message
Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Allocating and sending the skb in dcb_doit() allows for much
shorter and cleaner command handling functions.

The huge switch statement is replaced with an array based definition
of the handling function and reply message type.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

There is no need to allocate and send the reply message in each
handling function separately. Instead, the reply skb can be allocated
and sent in dcb_doit() directly.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

'Get' commands should generally not require CAP_NET_ADMIN, with
the exception of those that expose internal state.
Signed-off-by: NBen Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Add dev_loopback_xmit() in order to deduplicate functions
ip_dev_loopback_xmit() (in net/ipv4/ip_output.c) and
ip6_dev_loopback_xmit() (in net/ipv6/ip6_output.c).

I was about to reinvent the wheel when I noticed that
ip_dev_loopback_xmit() and ip6_dev_loopback_xmit() do exactly what I
need and are not IP-only functions, but they were not available to reuse
elsewhere.

ip6_dev_loopback_xmit() does not have line "skb_dst_force(skb);", but I
understand that this is harmless, and should be in dev_loopback_xmit().
Signed-off-by: NMichel Machado <michel@digirati.com.br>
CC: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
CC: Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
CC: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
CC: Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
CC: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
CC: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
CC: Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
CC: "Michał Mirosław" <mirq-linux@rere.qmqm.pl>
CC: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Routing of 127/8 is tradtionally forbidden, we consider
packets from that address block martian when routing and do
not process corresponding ARP requests.

This is a sane default but renders a huge address space
practically unuseable.

The RFC states that no address within the 127/8 block should
ever appear on any network anywhere but it does not forbid
the use of such addresses outside of the loopback device in
particular. For example to address a pool of virtual guests
behind a load balancer.

This patch adds a new interface option 'route_localnet'
enabling routing of the 127/8 address block and processing
of ARP requests on a specific interface.

Note that for the feature to work, the default local route
covering 127/8 dev lo needs to be removed.

Example:
  $ sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.eth0.route_localnet=1
  $ ip route del 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo table local
  $ ip addr add 127.1.0.1/16 dev eth0
  $ ip route flush cache

V2: Fix invalid check to auto flush cache (thanks davem)
Signed-off-by: NThomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Acked-by: NNeil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This small patch removes access to the last element of the spkt_device
array through a constant. Instead, it is accessed by sizeof() to respect
possible changes in if_packet.h.
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel.borkmann@tik.ee.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This patch fixes the compilation of the TCP and UDP trackers with sysctl
compilation disabled:

net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_udp.c: In function ‘udp_init_net_data’:
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_udp.c:279:13: error: ‘struct nf_proto_net’ has no member named
 ‘user’
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_tcp.c:1606:9: error: ‘struct nf_proto_net’ has no member named
 ‘user’
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_tcp.c:1643:9: error: ‘struct nf_proto_net’ has no member named
 ‘user’
Reported-by: NFengguang Wu <wfg@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

We handle NULL in rt{,6}_set_peer but then our caller will try to pass
that NULL pointer into inet_putpeer() which isn't ready for it.

Fix this by moving the NULL check one level up, and then remove the
now unnecessary NULL check from inetpeer_ptr_set_peer().
Reported-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This implementation can deal with having many inetpeer roots, which is
a necessary prerequisite for per-FIB table rooted peer tables.

Each family (AF_INET, AF_INET6) has a sequence number which we bump
when we get a family invalidation request.

Each peer lookup cheaply checks whether the flush sequence of the
root we are using is out of date, and if so flushes it and updates
the sequence number.
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

There is zero point to this function.

It's only real substance is to perform an extremely outdated BSD4.2
ICMP check, which we can safely remove.  If you really have a MTU
limited link being routed by a BSD4.2 derived system, here's a nickel
go buy yourself a real router.

The other actions of ip_rt_frag_needed(), checking and conditionally
updating the peer, are done by the per-protocol handlers of the ICMP
event.

TCP, UDP, et al. have a handler which will receive this event and
transmit it back into the associated route via dst_ops->update_pmtu().

This simplification is important, because it eliminates the one place
where we do not have a proper route context in which to make an
inetpeer lookup.
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

We encode the pointer(s) into an unsigned long with one state bit.

The state bit is used so we can store the inetpeer tree root to use
when resolving the peer later.

Later the peer roots will be per-FIB table, and this change works to
facilitate that.
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Otherwise we reference potentially non-existing members when
ipv6 is disabled.
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

As pointed out by Michael Tokarev , struct unix_iter_state is no longer
needed.
Suggested-by: NMichael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>